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This paper examines the remaking of Downtown Cairo in the post-revolutionary era through real-estate’s adoption of the creative city approach using a neoliberal strategy of adaptive reuse for historical buildings. Through mapping a new narrative of coworking spaces in Downtown Cairo and carrying out spatial and observational analyses of Consoleya coworking space as a case study, the paper situates and theorizes spatial practices of the creative city and explores the subject formation of the entrepreneurial citizen as a neoliberal strategy to pacify Downtown Cairo. The analysis draws on the work of Harvey’s entrepreneurial urbanism, Bourdieu’s social construct of capital, and Foucault’s subject formation to demonstrate coworking spaces’ monetization of Downtown Cairo, generation of class privileges and exercise of control through an entertaining atmosphere of co-creation. The case study epitomizes New Egypt’s neoliberal era of soft control recurring in the ongoing urban regeneration projects of Downtown Cairo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Raven Sentry, a project that employed artificial intelligence to provide advance warning of insurgent attacks in Afghanistan. During 2019 and 2020, the Resolute Support Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J2) benefited from a command culture open to innovation, the urgency created by the US drawdown, and a uniquely talented group of personnel that, aided by commercial sector experts, built an AI system that helped predict attacks. The war's end cut Raven Sentry short, but the experience provides important lessons on AI and the conditions necessary for successful innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leading enterprises in the industry chain play a demonstrative role, and promoting green innovation among leading enterprises is a meaningful approach to unlocking industry chain dividends. According to an analysis of the game process between customers and leading firms that incorporates the open innovation theory, we find a nonlinear role for the consumer discourse power in the leading firms' innovation. Furthermore, using data from Chinese A-share listed companies between 2012 and 2021, we observe an inverted "U" relationship between customer discourse power and green innovation. Notably, this effect is more pronounced in leading non-technology-intensive enterprises, industries with a high degree of industrial innovation, or regions with a high marketization degree. Our analysis also reveals that leading enterprises' client leads to financial limitations that influence green innovation. Additionally, leading enterprises play a driving role in achieving "joint progress" in green innovation with local non-leading firms, and this effect exhibits spatial spillover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative performance of manufacturing and service companies can be impacted by the existing relationship between open innovation (OI) and the generation of confidentiality agreements (NDAs) as a tool for the protection of intellectual property. Based on the analysis of a cross-sectional sample of 6,798 industrial companies (2019–2020) and 9,304 companies in the service sector (2017–2019) that are part of the directory of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) in its Technological Innovation and Development Survey (EDIT and EDITS), it can be suggested that the interaction of these two variables (OI and NDAs) generate positive effects for the manufacturing industry but negative ones for the service sector. It could be deduced that the positive effect is due to the greater tradition of OI in the manufacturing industry and the negative effect to the caution that the service sector presents when collaborating with external actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living Labs have been gaining in importance in recent years, and libraries have jumped on the bandwagon. The article sees the issue of living labs in the wider context of innovation management and shows the various options for participation they offer for libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of open innovation, it is of great significance to analyse strategic trade-offs for enterprises' technology acquisition between external and internal. This paper considers the relative pay-offs amongst two manufacturers' selection for their respective scarce technology of the Internet of Things, using game theory models and numerical analysis. In addition to self-innovation relying on internal resources, enterprises can obtain technology from external sources, including technology imported from a third party or cross-licensing with its competitor. Unlike empirical analysis, this study focuses on the strategic firms' interactions at the micro-level study and operational considerations, such as the factors influencing the mode of enterprise technology acquisition, firm competition and cooperation behaviour mechanism, and the selection of innovation initiators. The findings provide implications for competitive enterprises in high-tech industries to acquire complementary technologies by identifying what conditions lead to win-win outcomes. In particular, firms can adjust their licensing levels under certain conditions to adapt to the disparities in each other's development capabilities, thus achieving cross-licensing agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For five years now, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany has hosted The Compound Challenge—a global retrosynthesis competition. When the event kicked off in 2018 on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of the company, no one could have predicted the path it would take—from a novel competition to a pivotal event within the synthetic chemistry community. But what makes the Compound Challenge tick and what drives its popularity? And, more importantly, what lessons can be taken from the Compound Challenge and applied to other challenges in scientific education and outreach? In this Viewpoint Article we will tell the story of the Compound Challenge, from its inception to its current status. Through examining feedback following each of its iterations, we begin to define what makes an open innovation challenge so compelling. It is our hope that educators, leaders, and innovators will be able to learn from our successes as well as our mistakes and apply these lessons to their future outreach activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For five years now, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany has hosted The Compound Challenge—a global retrosynthesis competition. When the event kicked off in 2018 on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of the company, no one could have predicted the path it would take—from a novel competition to a pivotal event within the synthetic chemistry community. But what makes the Compound Challenge tick and what drives its popularity? And, more importantly, what lessons can be taken from the Compound Challenge and applied to other challenges in scientific education and outreach? In this Viewpoint Article we will tell the story of the Compound Challenge, from its inception to its current status. Through examining feedback following each of its iterations, we begin to define what makes an open innovation challenge so compelling. It is our hope that educators, leaders, and innovators will be able to learn from our successes as well as our mistakes and apply these lessons to their future outreach activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate how decision-making styles affect open innovation in the hospitality industry and whether behavioural strategies have any impact on this relationship. Survey data from 204 managers were analysed using the PLS-SEM method. The results demonstrate the effects of rational and intuitive decision-making styles on open innovation. It was observed that managers with either rational or intuitive decision-making styles were more likely to engage in open innovation. In contrast, objective decision making has an adverse impact on open innovation. Furthermore, most managers opt for the anticipation strategy in behavioural decision making. The relationship between decision-making styles and open innovation was not moderate by any other behavioural decision-making tendencies. The study eventually provides implications for the literature and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earning an advanced degree in biomedical sciences can be a challenging experience, and recent data indicate high levels of stress and anxiety among the current generation of learners. We propose here a new illustration for all graduate students to visualize their didactic journey as a coronation process. Before their coronation, trainees must undergo rigorous preparation. During the training, four key attributes, best described by the acronym COST (Credibility, Opportunity, Strength, and Tenacity), are cultivated. Throughout their academic journey, which is a critical period of intellectual and personal growth, the trainees will enhance their understanding of the responsibility of wearing a CROWN, which requires accepting the Cost of earning a diadem, Revolutionizing their thought construct, being Open to innovation and research, acknowledging that Wealth is intrinsically connected to their health, and Never forsaking their aspiration and pursuits. Executing these principles daily will provide a mechanism on which to rise to the stature of achieving individual career goals (i.e., being a Regent of your life). Actualization of this process requires sacrifice, maturity, and a sense of fearlessness. The results of taking this approach will lead to an educational legacy that establishes a pattern of academic success that can be emulated by future learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Co-creation has gained traction in recent years and various fields, including marketing, product development, and innovation studies, as it leverages the collective expertise and insights of multiple parties to enhance outcomes. Broadly, co-creation refers to the collaborative process of involving stakeholders, such as customers, suppliers, employees, or the public, in creating or improving products, services, or experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation benefits from access to cutting-edge discoveries to increase their transformation into tangible applications for the benefit of society. Improving research quality has been proposed as a primary objective of open science by the United Nations, to increase science reproducibility, impact, and trust, leading to robust decision-making and policies. However, opening access to data and processes is insufficient for researchers to achieve open innovation in the context of globalization, for example, by gathering insights from external and internal sources. Developing the appropriate mindset to manage complexity and generate synergy among researchers in academia, industry, and the government is essential to catalyze knowledge and transform it into relevant innovations for society. To gain insights into the roles and challenges of researchers aiming to bridge the gap between open science and open innovation, a decade-plus Mapping Literature Review was conducted based on the complex thinking paradigm. Complex thinking allows for novel connections of the information collected through open science and open innovation, considering different forms of engaging with alternative means of knowledge creation that may promote innovative and critical thinking. The findings revealed: a) broad positioning of the terms in the European Union; b) open access and open data as current driving themes; c) a constant trade-off between the terms "open data" and "information protection"; d) lack of studies on researchers' complex thinking to help them manage openness; e) absence of the environmental helix in the initiatives; and (f) challenges in innovative communication and collaborative practices among public and private entities. Overall, we identified an opportunity to develop researchers' complex thinking such that the openness of information becomes a shared responsibility among partners across multiple helices. This shared responsibility can have methodological implications that permeate how open science and open innovation are theorized and, in practice, facilitate the development of fundamental collaborative research procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of open innovation, users have emerged as a significant external source of innovation that enterprises cannot afford to overlook. Implemented ideas play a pivotal role in driving the iterative innovation of products within enterprises. However, the existing literature still lacks an exploration of specific impact mechanisms on contributions in idea implementation. This study presents a model that delineates the impact of user personality traits on idea implementation contributions, drawing upon theories such as personality trait theory, user engagement perspective, and trait activation theory. Empirical research was carried out by utilizing user data obtained from the Chinese high-tech company Xiaomi's MIUI community. Personality trait indicators were developed through the application of text mining and machine learning techniques. To evaluate the models, a negative binomial regression model, which is well-suited for handling discrete data, was employed. The findings of this study indicate that user openness and conscientiousness positively influence their idea implementation contribution, whereas neuroticism has a negative impact on implementation contribution. Additionally, it is observed that user engagement plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and idea implementation contribution. Community incentives can positively moderate the impact of user engagement on the relationship between conscientious personality and idea implementation contribution. This study expands the analysis of the impact mechanism of user idea implementation contributions, which has important theoretical guidance and practical implications for accurately identifying leading users in open innovation communities and enhancing user innovation contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs the paradigm of an innovation ecosystem to stimulate fashion innovation. This study applies an integrative literature review on fashion innovation, innovation ecosystem and policy-driven innovation, proposes a theoretical framework – fashion innovation ecosystem and streams future research directions. The findings suggest the innovation ecosystem is an inclusive, constructive and systematic lens and contribute to the management of fashion innovation. A mechanism of policy-driven fashion innovation is proposed to stress the role of government as a key actor in the fashion innovation ecosystem. It identifies five research directions from the theoretical framework of the fashion innovation ecosystem, namely fashion innovation measurement, research methodology, policy-driven fashion innovation, fashion sustainability innovation ecosystem and open innovation. The study contributes to the theoretical development of fashion innovation management and innovation ecosystem; has practical implications for innovation strategy in the fashion sector; will benefit policymakers in formulating policy and fostering the institutional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee attaches great importance to open cooperation in science, technology and innovation (STI). Since the 18th National Congress of CPC, the inter-governmental science and technology (S&T) cooperation has been continuously strengthened, as well as the international S&T cooperation and exchanges have been deepened, which led China's gradual change changed from a participant to a leader in global innovation governance. Entering a new stage of development, changes in the international situation and self-reliance in S&T put forward higher requirements for open cooperation in STI. Nevertheless, there are still difficulties such as scattered resources and difficult coordination in open cooperation in STI, and some open innovation reform measures have not yet been implemented, which is not conducive to accelerating the construction of an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. The evaluation finds that there are not only external environmental problems caused by changeable global situation, but also long-standing internal institutional problems. Some problems exist for a long time and are difficult to break through, and some are caused by too principled policies, coupled with poor implementation and fear of difficulties. All these problems lead to the difficulty and slow effect of the measures. To solve these chronic problems, we should closely focus on the idea of whice "S&T policy should be firmly implemented" and coordinate the construction of national innovation system, as well as the reform of open cooperation policy on STI. Focus on adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee on S&T, persevering in promoting opening up, accelerating the optimization of policies and systems to attract overseas talents, improving the ability and level of global innovation resources allocation, supporting the global development of various STI platforms, and giving play to the role of enterprises as the main force of double cycle to precisely implement policy and give targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While innovation is generally accepted as one of the drivers of economic growth, most innovation metrics are qualitative and have a relatively lesser impact on policymaking than their quantitative counterparts. With this challenge, this paper presents another quantitative metric: the Fluidity of Innovation applied in the Philippines from 2001 to 2021. The study analyses data from public government reports and reputable private entities using the contextualized Reynolds Number from fluid mechanics. The findings reveal a significant transformation in the Philippines' innovation, moving from a laminar (smooth and predictable) to a turbulent (rapid and complex) phase; this indicates the country has a growing capacity to cater to rapid development in technology such as Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computers. Since the Philippines is leaning towards a turbulent flow of innovation, some technology will be felt as Radical Innovation instead of Disruptive Innovation across the industries that allow the labor force to experience empowerment rather than a complete layoff. This research contributes to the broader understanding of innovation's role in the Philippine economy and fiscal policies, particularly those for innovation and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'structural perspective' of OI, outlines the role of the structural arrangements of companies in supporting open practices. Paradoxically, the understanding of the arrangements of companies that are dedicated to openness remains under-investigated. In this perspective, this article focuses on specific arrangements that are related to the inside-out and outside-in processes. The analysis also emphasises the structural arrangements dedicated to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), in so far as IPRs are considered as key tools for openness. Based on four cases in Western (French) and emerging (Chinese) contexts we answer the following research question: what are the company's structural arrangements dedicated to the inside-out and outside-in OI processes? The results outline the existence of common characteristics whatever the OI process regarding the links between top management and innovation entities, structural arrangements dedicated to evaluation, knowledge management and decision making may be. The results emphasize the existence of specific arrangements for each process related to IPR management. These findings contribute: to the structural theories of innovation by proposing the first comprehensive approach to the structural perspective for OI processes; to innovation ambidextry which has never been documented in OI; to the recent literature on the contextual dimension of OI deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine the role of open innovation practices to promote globalization. For this purpose, this study considered two open innovation practices: external knowledge and supplier involvement. A survey was carried out to collect primary data from the respondents. This study preferred Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to examine the role of open innovation in globalization. Data were collected from the employees of SMEs in China. By employing Structural Equation Modeling, this study addressed the important insights for academicians and practitioners. It is concluded that; open innovation practices have key role to promote globalization. The promotion of open innovation practices among the Chinese SMEs can increase the globalization potential. The strategies of open innovation led to increase in business collaboration across the border business organizations. The business collaboration between the SMEs of various countries is the best way to enhance globalization by increasing the level of social capital. Therefore, those institutions who want to promote globalization should promote open innovation practices among the business organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation is a concept of collaboration of ideas, knowledge, and resources that originates from within the organization and involves external organizations. University-industry collaboration is a factor driving innovation and competitiveness. Most research on interactions between universities and industry concentrated on the industrial side meanwhile, universities, as knowledge producers, play a vital role in creating an open innovation ecosystem that encourages realizing innovations that benefit society. Therefore, the problem raised in this research is how university collaboration can support open innovation. This research aims to identify research trends, the latest technologies, and inter-university collaboration frameworks that can support open innovation. The methodology used is Kitchenham's Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric. SLR consists of Identification Study, Selection Studies, Quality Assessment, Data Extraction and Study Synthesis. From the SLR stages, 21 papers published between 2019 and 2023 were obtained. Synthesis and additional literature review were carried out to identify trends, technologies, and frameworks related to the topic comprehensively. In terms of trend, based on the application bibliometric, it was found that there was an increase in the number of publications and the top list of open innovation journals. University collaboration in open innovation more frequently takes place in the UK, and the industries mostly involved are small-medium enterprises. Quantitative research methodology and data analyses, comprising of hypothesis test, regression test, and descriptive statistics, are mostly preferred. Meanwhile, descriptive data analysis is the most common means of qualitative data analysis. Numerous suggestions on topics for future research were also identified. In addition, data analysis using machine learning survival data is identified as a novelty among data analysis methods. Technology transfer and the use of digital platforms may support open innovation processes, and the use of blockchain technology may promote digital platforms development. Seven domains form the framework for university collaboration in open innovation, namely Social Behavior, People, Process, Organization, Environment, Technology, and Performance. The findings of trends, technologies, and frameworks in this research may serve as a foundation for research on similar topics, and the identified framework domains could serve as framework components that might be used by universities to collaborate with partners in implementing open innovation processes. The research have contributes to knowledge management theoretically and practically. Theoretically, open innovation can expand the knowledge base by supporting the concept that knowledge and expertise can be found outside organizational boundaries. Practically, it can enrich knowledge management practices by emphasizing the importance of utilizing digital platform technology in supporting knowledge management sourced from external knowledge and collaboration services in the open innovation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of cultural heritage is the subject of many interdisciplinary studies. So far, these studies have focused on the issues of classifying particular types of heritage, their functions and benefits, components and determinants. However, relatively less attention was paid to the dimension of a methodical approach to education and rebuilding cultural identity through heritage. Meanwhile, generational changes, especially in the dimension of knowledge perception, indicate such a need. The aim of this article is to present the perspective of using open innovations in the transfer of cultural heritage used in shaping cultural identity and education. Our review and conceptual article is an attempt to draw attention to the problem of changes in the perception of cultural heritage by generations born in the era of the digital revolution and the need to take these changes into account in heritage education. Taking these conditions into account allowed the authors to develop a model for generating open innovation in the outside-in process and then to develop a model for making it available through the inside-out process. The role of education in this process was also emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation beyond organisational boundaries has become a key factor in improving enterprise performance and maintaining sustained competitive advantage. However, most research on the antecedents of open innovation has focused on external environment or organisational-level factors, and the exploration of the micro-level has not yet been sufficiently understood. Following the Upper Echelon Theory and Social Capital Theory, this study explores when CEO overconfidence influences the adoption of different open innovation modes. We developed a model by considering top management team (TMT) social capital as a moderating role from the CEO-TMT interaction perspective. Using a longitudinal data set of listed enterprises in the Chinese biopharmaceutical industry from 2013 to 2017, we find that CEO overconfidence promotes the adoption of the two open innovation modes (inbound and outbound). TMT social capital negatively moderates the effect of CEO overconfidence on outbound open innovation. However, the moderating effect is not significant between CEO overconfidence and inbound open innovation. Meanwhile, we conduct further analysis based on enterprise ownership. The findings provide new insights into the micro-foundation of open innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations into pecuniary and inbound innovation types has advanced rapidly. The relationships between these types of OI and innovation performance are now well understood. Non-pecuniary outbound OI has received less attention, perhaps because it is contrary to the expectation of capturing rents from innovation. Yet, there are many well-known large companies embracing non-pecuniary outbound open innovation in practice because non-pecuniary outbound OI involving knowledge sharing is critical to innovation and future value capture. In this article, we address this gap by establishing a mathematical model to investigate the relationship between non-pecuniary outbound OI and profit in large firms. Our findings indicate that when the fixed cost of resources is low, the degree of openness is negatively related to profit. When the fixed cost of resources is high, the relationship between the degree of openness and profit is inverted U-shaped. Our work thus suggests boundary conditions to the non-pecuniary outbound OI in large firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is often an object of study in economics and management. However, the social and behavioral aspects of innovation acceptance are as important as the economics of product development. A significant portion of the literature considers innovation as a change in the way social actions are conducted, entailing a wide range of social, economic, behavioral, and institutional changes. Various approaches have given rise to the need for a typology. Sundbo (1998) divided innovation into three groups depending on the aspects of the phenomenon: theory of entrepreneurship, technological and social aspects, and strategic aspects. Adopting Sundbo's conceptual framework, this study supplemented and developed it based on recent literature that appeared after 1998. Moreover, this study added new directions at the second level of decomposition and the relationships between different aspects of innovation. In particular, this study analyzed phenomena such as open innovation, agile innovation, and "helix" models. Thus, this study developed a novel typology of innovation that expands the theoretical knowledge in this field. Based on these findings, this study proposed promising areas for future innovation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-Flow Fans (CFFs) have been widely applied in the automotive and domestic air conditioning industries in recent decades. They are high-pressure coefficient turbomachines compacted diametrically, and thus, the complex interactions of these fans require thorough evaluation. Their innovation has opened up new directions in turbomachinery, and both academic research and industry have seen numerous efforts to develop these types of fans. Despite extensive work, optimizing and improving their performance remains a challenge. Enhancing their efficiency necessitates improvements in structural characteristics, aerodynamic features, and acoustic properties. In this review, we aim to demonstrate the essential aspects of CFFs by introducing their fundamentals and primary characteristics. Furthermore, we delve into a discussion on the acoustic performance of these fans. We also summarize the flow characteristics and different flow-field patterns in CFFs and their impact on aeroacoustic behavior. The main objective of this review paper is to provide an overview of the research in this field, summarizing the critical factors that play a significant role in studying CFFs' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is conducted by a systematic review of 77 papers on open and collaborative innovation during 2010–2020 and explicates this concept in the public sector along with its actors, influencing factors, barriers and benefits. The conceptual model presented contains the aforementioned factors and offers a guiding light to public organization and other studies on collaborative innovation. The findings of the study identified the main actors in this type of collaboration. In addition, factors influencing and barriers to innovation can be classified into five categories: of individual, managerial, intra-organizational, inter-organizational/interactional and general factors and barriers. Finally, benefits of collaborative innovation can be considered in different categories of individual, organizational, social, economic, citizens and general. Among the factors and benefits of collaborative innovation, three concepts like creativity, knowledge and trust make a reinforcing cycle with innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects of open innovation (OI), organizational strategy and the existence of a corporate risk management (CRM) strategy on competitive advantage (CA) in cost, service and product in the Portuguese hotel sector. This paper uses a survey over 251 CEOs of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) hotels and applies two complementary statistical methods: partial least squares regression and quantile regression. It can be stated that both OI and the degree of dynamism and flexibility of the organizational structure and CRM are relevant to explain the different types of competitive advantage. However, the results show that the importance of the incidence of the different explanatory factors considered is different depending on the type of competitive advantage that we are analysing and the relevance of disaggregating those associated with AI (inbound and outbound) and organizational strategy (dynamic of the environment, internal organizational flexibility and innovative strategic position). Thus, the CRM variable is the fundamental variable in the explanation of the competitive advantage in cost, while the incidence of inbound OI is especially relevant in the CA in service and product. Within organizational strategy, the factor that most clearly affects competitive advantage is the strategic position with respect to innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, open innovation communities (OICs), in which users are allowed to post ideas, have become a momentous source of product innovation and development for enterprises. Continuous generation of ideas is critical to the success of an OIC. When users post an idea more than once, they are considered to be conducting re-innovation behavior (RIB). Many enterprises have implemented management response systems in their OICs to motivate users' RIB and promote the prosperity of the OIC. However, researchers have not yet examined whether management response is an effective management tool for motivating users' RIB in OICs. This research shows that receiving management response has a positive effect on the volume, quality and novelty of user's RIB. Furthermore, we found that the enterprise's official adoption willingness expressed through management response may reduce the volume, quality, and novelty of ideas in user's RIB, which may have an impact on the enterprise's insights. Additionally, we conducted heterogeneity analyses to explore the effects of different lengths and sentiments of management response in this mechanism. This research has implications for managers and enterprises and contributes to the literature on management response, idea generation behavior, OICs, and, more broadly, co-innovation between enterprises and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the effectiveness of urban green innovation is a powerful strategy for advancing urban sustainability. A strong urban innovation ecosystem is a crucial building block for advancing urban green innovation's effectiveness. We use the fsQCA method to investigate the pathways and models of innovation ecosystems to promote the green innovation efficiency of cities from a histological perspective, using 71 innovative cities in China as cases. This method is based on the DEA-SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of cities and the Necessary Conditions Analysis. According to our analysis, individual innovation factors are not required to increase urban green innovation efficiency. But cities with good openness can attract creative forces and foster open innovation, which is essential for producing high levels of green innovation efficiency in cities. The innovation subject-balanced development model, the innovation environment-innovation asset dual drive model, and the innovation subject-open drive model have all been identified as additional models to support urban innovation efficiency. Finally, we discovered that it is not possible to increase the efficiency of green innovation in the city when each innovation factor in the city is performing poorly, and when there is also a lack of innovation subject and system openness. This study attempts to offer fresh theoretical angles and a variety of urban low-carbon development pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous rechargeable metal batteries (AMBs) have attracted great attention and have been regarded as a next-generation promising energy storage system. However, the high-activity metal anodes usually face side reactions, passivation, and hydrogen evolution reactions, which impede the development of high-performance AMBs. Here, we designed and assembled a Pb metal battery based on a highly reversible Pb metal anode and layered V2O5 cathode, which showed good electrochemical performance. This new-type battery will encourage more investigations for high-performance AMBs and open up an innovation pathway for traditional lead-acid batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows how R&D resources improve firm performance, taking advantage of open innovation activities in SMEs. It focuses on the mediating effect of R&D openness on the relationship between R&D resources and firm performance in SMEs. We employ secondary data of 1,046 SMEs located in South Korea's innovation clusters wherein scientific knowledge and technologies are efficiently created, transferred and utilised. The findings show that R&D resources (technological, human and financial resources) and R&D openness in SMEs positively affect firm performance. On the one hand, only SMEs with more financial resources (R&D investment) achieve better firm performance via a higher degree of external R&D collaboration. Fewer technological resources or more financial resources in SMEs can be a motivation for external collaboration. Differentiated open innovation strategies are required depending on the characteristics of R&D resources in SMEs in order to improve firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite decades of research and development, digitalization remains a key challenge for the Swedish district heating sector. Business model innovation is believed to be necessary to capitalize on digitalization, yet it is especially challenging for municipal companies. This study aims to identify the potential impact of digitalization on the business models of Swedish district heating companies and to analyze the barriers that exist for digital business model innovation. Through case studies of eight municipal district heating companies, this study demonstrates how the entire business model is potentially impacted by digitalization. This study also identifies the barriers to digital business model innovation that are linked to two conflicting views (restrictive versus comprehensive) on digitalization. The restrictive view diminishes the importance of business model innovation, outsourcing innovation to minimize both costs and risks for the company. In contrast, the comprehensive view embraces digital business model innovation through trial-and-error and opens the innovation process to stakeholder influence. These two perspectives are motivated by different beliefs about the need for digitalization to secure future business opportunities, as well as differences in owners' risk appetite. The implications for industry outlooks and the design of policy support for the digitalization of district heating are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Open innovation is regarded as the driven factor for organizational resilience, but open innovation's role and effect mechanism in leveraging organizational resilience has been limited explored. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between two types of open innovation and organizational resilience and the mediating effect of intellectual capital on open innovation and organizational resilience. Design/methodology/approach: After a literature review, a research model including open innovation, intellectual capital and organizational resilience is proposed. Survey data are collected from information and communication technologies (ICT) sector in China and analyzed by using partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and Bootstrapping procedure to present results of each hypothesis test. Findings: Results indicate that inbound open innovation has a significant and direct impact on organizational resilience, while outbound open innovation has not. In addition, all three dimensions of intellectual capital were significantly correlated with organizational resilience and had mediating roles in the indirect effect of inbound open innovation and organizational resilience. Nevertheless, only social capital played a mediating role in the relationship between outbound open innovation and organizational resilience. Originality/value: The study explores the relationships among open innovation, intellectual capital and organizational resilience in a comprehensive model, which is the first known study to highlight that open innovation can enhance organizational resilience through intellectual capital, and provides valuable suggestions for improving organizational resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of information technology (IT) capability on firm growth in the context of open technological innovation. The paper utilized a logical deductive approach to develop hypotheses and analytical frameworks, and collected empirical data from 256 Chinese new ventures. Regression analysis and structural equation models were used to test the hypotheses and analyze the data. The results showed that IT capability, including flexibility and integration of information technology, significantly influenced firm growth, and open technological innovation partially mediated the relationship between IT flexibility and firm growth, and significantly mediated the relationship between IT integration and firm growth. The paper's limitations include the cross-sectional design, limited sample size, and potential unobserved variables such as organizational learning that could affect the relationship between IT capability and firm growth. The research is the first to investigate the effects of IT capability on firm growth based on the mediation of open technological innovation in China, contributing to the literature on IT capability and providing insights for managerial practice in the sharing economy era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postmodern organizations strive to cultivate open innovation systems to foster product innovation and commercialization. Cultural dynamics can be a massive obstacle in flourishing the inbound and outbound open innovation in many organizations. However, little is known about the effect of different types of culture on the open innovation dimensions. This research aimed to investigate the role of cultural subtleties in nurturing inbound and outbound open innovation in the organizations. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from a random sample of 231 managers from the automotive industry. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses using Smart PLS. The results indicated that hierarchy culture, associated with formal rules and regulations, negatively affects the inbound and outbound open innovation. The Market culture has a positive relationship with inbound and outbound open innovation while adhocracy culture could positively impact the inbound open innovation only. On the other hand, clan culture has a negative effect on the outbound open innovation. We concluded that the organizational culture focused on internal integrations is more suitable for outbound open innovation, and the type of organizational culture focused on external differentiation is more likely to support inbound open innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside many research studies that have been presented in the open innovation domain and smart manufacturing systems, there is a research gap on integrating the outbound individual capabilities with the new smart manufacturing machines to satisfy the customers' varied and uncertain requirements. In this paper, Open Supply Chain Management (OSCM) is conceptualized as a new paradigm in the evolution of SCM. Companies can benefit from integrated physical and conceptual resources to promote efficiency and flexibility throughout the supply chain's main processes, including supplying, manufacturing, distributing, and marketing. The OSCM concept is undergoing several drivers including crowdsourcing, open innovation, Industry 4.0, cloud manufacturing, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and the digital twin that appeared in the last decades. To validate OSCM in practice, a subset of this concept is investigated to incorporate the designing process with supply chain production planning applying a digital twin network. Additionally, dealing with epistemic uncertainty, a fuzzy tactical planning model is developed, and to study the developed model in more detail, an industrial study in the clothes manufacturing industry is employed. The results illustrate that the products' designing cost consists of only 2% of the supply chain total cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from a resource-based view of the firm, this study investigates the effect of the level of digital integration in value chain (DIVC) activities and digital competencies (DCs) on the financial performance of SMEs, differentiating between firms that embrace open innovation (OI) and those that do not. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 348 manufacturing SMEs based in Tuscany (Italy). The results show that the level of DIVC positively influences firm performance, while the impact of DCs is not significant. Furthermore, SMEs that pursue OI perform better than those who do not pursue it, but only when the level of DIVC is low. The managerial and academic implications and avenues for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the effectiveness of urban green innovation is a powerful strategy for advancing urban sustainability. A strong urban innovation ecosystem is a crucial building block for advancing urban green innovation's effectiveness. We use the fsQCA method to investigate the pathways and models of innovation ecosystems to promote the green innovation efficiency of cities from a histological perspective, using 71 innovative cities in China as cases. This method is based on the DEA-SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of cities and the Necessary Conditions Analysis. According to our analysis, individual innovation factors are not required to increase urban green innovation efficiency. But cities with good openness can attract creative forces and foster open innovation, which is essential for producing high levels of green innovation efficiency in cities. The innovation subject-balanced development model, the innovation environment-innovation asset dual drive model, and the innovation subject-open drive model have all been identified as additional models to support urban innovation efficiency. Finally, we discovered that it is not possible to increase the efficiency of green innovation in the city when each innovation factor in the city is performing poorly, and when there is also a lack of innovation subject and system openness. This study attempts to offer fresh theoretical angles and a variety of urban low-carbon development pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article makes three main contributions. First, this Article introduces the Solana blockchain as a public good and provides policy analysis for open innovation. Second, this Article introduces a new dataset for SEC blockchain enforcement, supporting empirical compliance analysis. Third, this Article draws on the legal informatics literature to provide a mechanism for applied analysis of digital assets on the Solana blockchain in the context of securities law. The main purpose of this Article is to introduce new methods for using natural language processing to automate compliance services on the Solana blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge emerging from research funded by the European Union (EU) through its Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation and other funding streams is significantly shaped by different forms of epistemic control exerted by the EU itself. Through the promotion of industry-research-policy cooperation in EU-funded research, and in light of the growing importance attached to 'impact,' this knowledge will often contribute to bureaucratic decisions taken by the European Commission, Frontex, the EU Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems (eu-LISA), and other agencies tasked with border security and control. The circular dynamics surrounding knowledge production, from the calls for proposals to the results of the research, are intrinsically political and contribute to exposing the limits of the EU-promoted principle of Responsible Research and Innovation. Additionally, and due to the centrality of EU funding in the research outlook in contemporary Europe, these processes raise wider questions about the sociology of the academic fields that this article relates to: critical border studies, critical security studies, and science and technology studies. How can we interpret the interplays between the EU's policies fostering development and integration of border security technologies, on the one hand, and the Union's broader principles for free and open research and innovation? Through the use of autoethnographic vignettes, and mediated by an expanded Foucauldian understanding of circulation as a technology of control with performative effects, the article sheds light on the dynamics surrounding knowledge production in the field of border technologies in an EU context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Science and technology parks (STP) are established to facilitate innovation and the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies. The innovation performance of tenants is the primary feature of all successful STPs globally. The purpose of this study is to investigate firms' innovation and economic performance at the National Science and Technology Park (NSTP), Islamabad, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The CDM (the acronym of the three authors' names, Crépon, Duguet and Mairesse) model following a two-stage approach was used to analyze the survey data of 105 tenants. The innovation performance of tenants was estimated through probit regression at Stage 1, and the economic performance of tenants given their innovation performance was examined at Stage II using Tobit regression and the Heckman model. Findings: The findings suggest that compatibility of innovation with the existing competitive advantage of a firm increases the innovation performance of firms, whereas collaboration of firms with NUST for research and development has only a marginal effect on innovation performance. However, the tenant's business and social networking were weak, possibly due to the short time spent on NSTP. Originality/value: These STPs are expected to be hubs of technology development and transfer by fostering open innovation through internal and external collaborations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the innovation performance of tenants at NSTP, the first fully integrated STP in Pakistan. Despite shortcomings, the innovation and economic performance of NSTP tenants warrant further public policy support to inculcate open innovation culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, open innovation has received considerable attention. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence mechanism of enterprise social networks on open innovation performance from the dual perspective of inter- and intra-organisation. Structural equation model was used to test on a sample of 311 enterprises from Mainland China. Results show that external social network exerts a positive effect on open innovation performance through the mediation of external knowledge management capability. Internal social network positively affects open innovation performance via the mediating role of internal knowledge management capability. The interaction of external and internal social network enhances open innovation performance through the dual mediating effects of external and internal knowledge management capability. Furthermore, inter-organisational contract control plays a moderating role in the relationship between external knowledge management capability and open innovation performance. Intra-organisational professional control exhibits a moderating effect on the relationship between internal knowledge management capability and open innovation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the level of cooperative governance of open innovation projects is a key bridge and powerful starting point for promoting the full integration and coordinated development of different market systems. Against the background of the synergy of the electricity–carbon market, this study explores how a company chooses a cooperative governance mechanism and the implementation effects of governance mechanisms. The results, based on the sample data from 175 OIPs of companies in China, show that the collaborative dependence of a company promotes the implementation of relational governance; however, it has no significant effect on contract control. Meanwhile, both relational governance and contract control have significant positive effects on knowledge transfer and cooperative performance. Moreover, knowledge transfer plays a mediating role in relational governance, contract control, and cooperative performance. The conclusion enriches the understanding of cooperative governance mechanisms, which has important implications for management research and the practice of open innovation projects. It also has certain practical significance for helping the power industry to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a theory of incremental theoretical evolution connecting the practice of international politics with disciplinary IR. It theorizes how international political actors engaged in strategic local decision-making exert productive power over dominant scientific ontologies of the international system. We refer to the narratives emerging from these processes as strategic ontologies, defined as gradual reformulations of the subjects, objects, and relational logics of the international system according to positionally determined priorities. As strategic ontologies gain acceptance, their innovations endure beyond the context of their utterance, leading to meso-level theoretical evolution. We substantiate this account with comparative case studies of contested strategic ontologies that have yet to become dominant in either the international arena or IR theory. Without strategic ontology as an analytical lens, scholarship might miss embryonic theoretical innovations in the process of gaining traction. First, we examine how Israel and West Germany engaged in strategic ontological contestation when negotiating a reparations agreement following the Holocaust. Second, we analyze how states have used vulnerability in climate negotiations in 2020–2021 to recast global policy priorities. Recognition of strategic ontologies across contexts illuminates theoretical innovations in real-time and opens a path for dynamic new bridges between the academy and policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the effectiveness of urban green innovation is a powerful strategy for advancing urban sustainability. A strong urban innovation ecosystem is a crucial building block for advancing urban green innovation's effectiveness. We use the fsQCA method to investigate the pathways and models of innovation ecosystems to promote the green innovation efficiency of cities from a histological perspective, using 71 innovative cities in China as cases. This method is based on the DEA-SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of cities and the Necessary Conditions Analysis. According to our analysis, individual innovation factors are not required to increase urban green innovation efficiency. But cities with good openness can attract creative forces and foster open innovation, which is essential for producing high levels of green innovation efficiency in cities. The innovation subject-balanced development model, the innovation environment-innovation asset dual drive model, and the innovation subject-open drive model have all been identified as additional models to support urban innovation efficiency. Finally, we discovered that it is not possible to increase the efficiency of green innovation in the city when each innovation factor in the city is performing poorly, and when there is also a lack of innovation subject and system openness. This study attempts to offer fresh theoretical angles and a variety of urban low-carbon development pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of 'open social innovation' (OSI) has not yet been fully understood, particularly in relation to social enterprises (SEs). This paper explores the use of OSI as a means of achieving social change through two in-depth, longitudinal, qualitative case studies with Scottish SEs. The researcher undertook participant observation for a year as well as conducting interviews and reviewing documents of the case study organizations. We build on Wikhamn (2013) by conceptualizing two approaches to OSI: 'controlled' which is closely connected to market-based attitudes, and 'libre' which is connected to the knowledge commons. Each approach has ramifications for how SEs achieve social change: either through exploitation of intellectual property as a means of income generation or freely revealing to accelerate social impact. The ways in which SEs manage OSI could thus determine the impact they can have on tackling some of society's most challenging social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NTT WEST continues to take on challenges together with its stakeholders to create an exciting future by using information and communication technology. The company has redefined the "NTT WEST Spirit" and designated the company purpose in pursuit of a future in which all people are happy and prosperous. We interviewed Akira Shirahase, senior vice president and executive manager of the Technology and Innovation Department, NTT WEST, about his technology strategy and his mindset as a top executive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though interest in open innovation (OI) both as a research field and as an industrial practice for creating competitively advantageous innovation through collaboration has grown exponentially over the last decades, the issue of how to transform OI strategy into a sustainable competitive advantage is still an open research question. Selecting partners capable of operationally and strategically contributing to the OI project goals is a strategic decision for companies striving to effectively implement the OI concept. The study is aimed at defining a structured and methodology-supported decision-making process for OI partner selection based on a novel hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model which is enhanced by interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2F) to deal with the inherent uncertainty. The model combines IT2F Delphi (IT2FD), IT2F Analytical Hierarchy Process (IT2F AHP), and IT2F Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (IT2F PROMETHEE). The study provides a comprehensive framework of the OI partner performance indicators; additionally, it provides a contingent approach to identifying evaluation criteria depending on the nature of the company's innovation processes, contextual conditions, and innovation strategy. The case study is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed process. The study's results highlight the significance of specific factors related to the partners' technological competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]