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Highlights: [•] We studied the potential of D. smithi as a biological control agent for M. calvescens. [•] We verified D. smithi has host-specificity and causes severe damage to M. calvescens. [•] Our studies suggest that D. smithi has potential to establish in Hawaii. [•] We suggested that D. smithi is a good biocontrol agent for M. calvescens. [•] D. smithi should be introduced in places where M. calvescens causes problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents new methods for an automated analysis of the double InterTropical Convergence Zone (dITCZ) phenomena on a daily time scale over the east Pacific. Long-term Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) visible and infrared data are used to spatially identify and segment the convection zones over the east Pacific basin on both sides of the equator and to track the temporal variability of the ITCZ, specifically to identify cases of dITCZs, northern or southern ITCZ, or non-presence events. For the segmentation approach, image processing techniques are developed to extract information about the spatial features of the ITCZ in both hemispheres for each satellite image. These features serve as input to a temporal classification algorithm that is based on a combination of hidden semi Markov model (HsMM) and support vector machine (SVM) methods. The performance of the proposed method is competitive with human experts and the methodology can thus be used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the dITCZ. Such an analysis could provide precise information for refining existing weather and climate models over the sparsely observed east Pacific where the dITCZ is greatly over-represented in most models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]