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Technical lignins, which are the coproducts of the pulping industry, have a high potential for use in surface sizing of paperboard. We investigated the use of kraft lignin and lignosulfonate in surface sizing of paperboard with the target of understanding the influence of lignins on the development of strength and hydrophobicity. Prior to surface sizing, the lignins are purified by ultrafiltration and precipitation respectively. Strength properties and hydrophobicity of lignin-sized paperboard were measured and compared with references as well as with unsized paper. An increase in the strength properties of lignin-sized samples was observed, which was in the same range as references and at least 10% higher compared to unsized paperboard. Moreover, air permeability, hydrophobicity, and water absorptiveness were affected, and depending on the lignin art, an improvement was achieved. These results encourage partial or total substitution of conventional surface-sizing chemicals by technical lignins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material properties of substrates such as paperboard are normally measured under laboratory conditions but their physico-mechanical properties are likely to change during a press-forming process. A measurement device of has therefore been developed to obtain real-time data of paperboard tray production and a new insight into phenomena related to press forming and tool-substrate interaction. An existing mould set was modified for measurement of the forming force by replacing the male mould with a mould that included a set of force sensors. Detection of defects such as ruptures require the use of multiple force sensors that make it possible to obtain more detailed measurement data. To validate the performance of the device, a number of solid bleached paperboard (SBB) materials were selected to represent different kinds of coated paperboard structures in order to obtain a comprehensive general view of the phenomena occurring in the tray-pressing process. The friction coefficients of the test materials were measured by two different methods Force values obtained with the measurement device were used to calculate the friction coefficients and these were also obtained by a standard laboratory test method. The measurement device was also utilized to detect rupturing during the forming of the paperboard trays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has become the world largest paper and paperboard producer. However, pulp and paper industry has involved high resource consumption and severe pollution especially for water. This research has assessed the eco-efficiency of China's pulp and paper industry at the national level and provincial level. An overview regarding the cleaner production of China's pulp and paper industry was presented to reveal the measures for reducing environmental impact in the last two decades. Slacks-based measure was used to analyze the efficiency levels of 16 provinces' pulp and paper industries. To uncover the underlying causes of eco-efficiency performance, Malmquist–Luenberger index was calculated to discover the drivers of productivity growth of pulp and paper industries. Our results showed that the pollution treatment of China's pulp and paper industry has made progress in terms of water consumption and water pollution, although the absolute amount of pollution discharge is still large. Chemical oxygen demand emissions are still the first critical influencing factor of pulp and paper industry's inefficiency. Furthermore, efficiency progress was the dominating contribution of the industry's productivity growth between 2010 and 2013. The policies for adjusting the industrial structure of pulp and paper industry have resulted in the scale effects through eliminating backward production capacity and accelerating merger and acquisitions. Moreover, the productivity of pulp and paper industry was underestimated when the undesirable outputs were ignored. It indicates that the stricter environmental regulations have positive effects on paper companies to internalize environmental pressures in the production activities through environmental management. In the future, pulp and paper companies should further internalize the cost of pollution treatment through scale effects and technology improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of TiO2 nano-particles (nano-TiO2) was studied relative to the mechanical and optical properties of CMYK printed paperboard after coating with a UV-curable varnish. Commercial duplex paperboard (glazed grayback paperboard, 230 g/m²) was printed with a CMYK offset printing process. Board samples were coated with a nano-TiO2 modified UV-curable varnish at four treatment levels (0, 0.2, 0.5, and 1%) using an industrial screen-coating machine. The samples were then dried using a UV lamp in an industrial UV drying machine. Sample discoloration was measured spectrophotometrically using CIELab parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE) before and after coating. The whiteness, brightness, fold, and tear resistance of the ink films were also measured. The nano-treatment had a significant effect on the relative optical parameters, which resulted in increasing the lightness of the treated samples. Color change (ΔE) was recorded for all tested samples, and an unperceivable change was observed in case of the nano-treatment with 0.2% as the end value. The weakly perceivable changes were found in the cases of treatment with 0.5 and 1% nano-intensities. The nano-TiO2 treatment significantly improved the fold and tear resistance of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing demand for sustainable products has led to increased interest in the use of paperboard as a structural material. Paperboard products are almost exclusively manufactured by embossing, pulp molding, and bending processes. Other well-known forming methods, such as deep or stretch drawing, are only rarely applied to paperboard. This is primarily ascribed to the lack of knowledge concerning the process design and limits when paperboard is employed. In the present work, the applicability of well-established design strategies and characterization methods for metals to paperboard is investigated. Therefore, forming limit diagrams for paperboard are determined in a first step. Additionally, significant material parameters are identified in order to describe the material influence upon the forming limit. Furthermore, the influence of a hydrostatic counter pressure onto the forming limit is investigated. To predict the forming behaviour of a complex formed paperboard demonstration part, a numerical model of a hydroforming process is set up, executed, and validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkali ratios and cooking time of the alkaline sulfite anthraquinone (AQ) and methanol (ASAM) pulping process of bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii) were studied. Bamboo chips were cooked at three different levels of sodium hydroxide and cooking time, namely 14, 16, or 18% for 60, 90, or 120 minutes. Pulping parameters that remained constant were the use of 0.5% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), with an 80/20 ratio Na2SO3/NaOH, 0.1% anthraquinone, 15% methanol, and a temperature of 170℃ in the cooking process. Samples prepared using 14% NaOH and 90 min of cooking time resulted in the highest pulp yield, 52.4%, and a Kappa number of 18.1. It seems that 16% sodium hydroxide and 90 min of cooking time are the most appropriate cooking conditions, giving a 49.1% pulp yield and 14.2 Kappa number. The quality of bamboo pulp produced by the ASAM pulping process was found to be beneficial for the use in paper and board manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nigeria has abundant supplies of biomass resources and agro-forestry residues (waste), including sawdust, whose potentials are yet to be fully utilized for economic advantage. This study was undertaken to investigate the properties of paperboard briquettes produced from a mixture of shredded waste paper (pulp) and sawdust using starch as binder. The paperboard briquettes were produced manually by compressing soaked mixtures of pulp and sawdust in a wooden mould (28 cm × 28 cm × 1 cm) with a compressive load of 26 kg in the mixing ratios (by weight) 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 70:30, and 0:100 of pulp to sawdust, respectively. The compressed mixtures were sun dried for three days to ensure proper drying and free from moisture. Density, compressive and tensile tests were carried out on the test samples. The results showed that mass and density of the paperboard increased with increased amount of the sawdust in the mixture. Test results showed that compressive strength decreases as the sawdust content increases. Sample A, which is 100% paper, had a compressive strength of 5215 kPa, while Sample E, which is 100% sawdust, had a compressive strength of 22.02 kPa. It was also observed that sample B, which is 70% pulp and 30% sawdust, had the highest tensile strength of 0.629 kPa. However, the tensile strength reduces as the sawdust ratio in the mixture increases. The tensile strength of sample E (100% sawdust) could not be determined because the sample failed to bind properly. It was concluded that paperboard briquettes can be produced using paper and sawdust, which are generally considered wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The press forming process of paperboard trays is challenging. The production of trays that fulfill all functional and visual property requirements is demanding. Blank preparation is an essential part of paperboard tray press forming. The aim of this work was to study how a creasing pattern can be utilized in the compaction and folding of the substrate in tray corners. The investigation of creasing pattern designs focused on the positioning of creases, the optimization of the amount of creases, and the width of the creases. The results of the study show that the amount of creases in the tray corner is the most important variable in the pattern design. The substrate folds more evenly and the wall of the tray is smoother when the material has the optimum amount of folds for it to compact during the press forming process. Changes in the creasing pattern primarily affect the amount of unclosed creases in the flange of the tray, which can make tight lidding of the tray impossible. The outcome of the study is a morphological analysis of the introduced creasing pattern alternatives and a selection of formulas that can be utilized in the creasing pattern design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is reported for the industrial quality control of recycled paperboard for food contact applications. Benzophenones, phthalates, and diisopropyl naphthalene were selected as contamination markers. These compounds are commonly found in recycled paperboard packaging and are known to migrate even into dry nonfatty foods. The method was used to analyze commercial recycled board and involved sample pretreatment by accelerated solvent extraction, evaporation, and purification of the extract, and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The accelerated solvent extraction yields were compared with those obtained by Soxhlet extraction and extraction by immersion, and the recoveries of optimized procedures were estimated. The optimized method showed good repeatability, intermediate precision, and sensitivity. Because of the simplicity and partial automation, this method has potential application for the characterization of recycled paperboard. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although several authors have studied 3D forming using the press forming process, the gas tightness of polymer-coated paperboard trays has not been widely researched. In this paper, the effect of blank holding force on the surface quality and tightness of press-formed paperboard trays was researched. The press-formed trays were heat-sealed with a multilayer polymer lid. The tightness of the trays was analyzed by following the oxygen content of the packages over the course of 14 d and by using a penetrant coloring solution to locate possible leaks. The results indicate that the blank holding force had a great effect on the quality and tightness of the trays, especially in the case of a rectangular geometry. The geometry of the formed trays played a significant role in process parameter selection, and more demanding geometries emphasize the importance of parameter optimization. However, with the correctly selected parameters, the use of modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) in polymer coated paperboard trays was shown to be possible. The oxygen content of both analyzed geometries was found to be less than 1% 14 d after sealing. It was also demonstrated that the gas tightness of a seal cannot be confirmed using a penetrant solution test exclusively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a flame based aerosol method to fabricate thin films consisting of binary TiO 2 /SiO 2 nanoparticles deposited directly from the flame onto the paperboard. Nanocoatings were prepared with Liquid Flame Spray (LFS) in a roll-to-roll process with the line speed of 50 m/min. Surface wetting behavior of nanocoated paperboard was studied for different Ti/Si ratios in the precursor, affecting TiO 2 /SiO 2 ratio in the coating. Wettability could be adjusted to practically any water contact angle between 10 and 160° by setting the Ti/Si ratio in the liquid precursor. Structure of the two component nanocoating was analysed with FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. The porous thin film coating was concluded to consist of ca. 10 nm sized mixed oxide nanoparticles with segregated TiO 2 and SiO 2 phases. Accumulation of carbonaceous compounds on the surface was seen to be almost linearly dependent on the Ti/Si ratio, indicating of each species being exposed in corresponding amount. However, wetting of the surface was observed to follow merely an S-shaped curve, caused by the roughness of the nanocoated surface. Reasons for the observed superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity of these binary nanocoatings on paperboard are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Paper/paperboard has great advantages over plastics as packaging material in terms of cost and sustainability. However, the application of paper/paperboard packaging is limited due to their inferior water resistance performance. Here we report a functional overprint varnish prepared with the aim to significantly abate the wettability of the printed packaging. The prominent water repellency of the varnish is rendered by its unique nano-structured morphology, a technology bio-mimicking lotus surface. The frost formation on the applied packaging is also inhibited. Moreover, the transparency and the application process of the varnish are retained. We expect such varnish has high potential for expanding the application field of paper/paperboard packaging, especially for uses requiring a strict standard of water resistance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are storage materials that accumulate by various bacteria as energy and carbon reserve materials. They are biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and also biocompatible bioplastics. Unlike petrochemical-based plastics that take several decades to fully degrade, PHAs can be completely degraded within a year by variety of microorganisms into CO2 and water. In the present study, we aim to utilize pulp, paper, and cardboard industry sludge and waste water for the isolation and screening of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) accumulating bacteria and production of cost-effective PHB using cardboard industry waste water. Results. A total of 42 isolates showed black-blue coloration when stained with Sudan black B, a preliminary screening agent for lipophilic compounds, and a total of 15 isolates showed positive result with Nile blue A staining, a more specific dye for PHA granules. The isolates NAPll and NACl showed maximum PHA production 79.27% and 77.63% with polymer concentration of 5.236 g/L and 4.042 g/L with cardboard industry waste water. Both of the selected isolates, NAPll and NACl, were classified up to genus level by studying their morphological and biochemical characteristics and were found to be Enterococcus sp., Brevundimonas sp. and, respectively. Conclusion. The isolates Enterococcus sp. NAPll and Brevundimonas sp. NACl can be considered as good candidates for industrial production of PHB from cardboard industry waste water. We are reporting for the first time the use of cardboard industry waste water as a cultivation medium for the PHB production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper and cardboard factory sludges are generated by various processes during pulp, cardboard and paper production, and the increasing quantities produced make the disposal of this sludge a problem. This study investigates the use of cardboard factory sludge as a stabilizing agent in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment of zinc polluted sediment. Semi-dynamic and toxicity leaching tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the solidification/stabilization treatment and long-term zinc leaching behaviour. A diffusion-based model was used to elucidate the controlling leaching mechanisms. The applied S/S treatment was effective in immobilizing zinc, and the controlling leaching mechanism appeared to be diffusion, which indicates that a slow leaching of zinc could be expected when cardboard mill sludge is applied as a S/S agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, handmade paper industries are considered as eco-friendly industries. These industries are known to use vegetable dyes which are thought to be safe and non-toxic. However, cardboard industries are considered as pollution-causing industries. The present study focuses on the genotoxic assessment of handmade paper and cardboard industry’s effluent by Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains. On mutagenicity analysis, effluents of both industries were found to be mutagenic with either one strain of Salmonella typhimurium or with both. Besides this, no significant difference was observed in effluent of both small-scale and large-scale handmade paper industries. Moreover, mutagenic compounds reach the nearby water body i.e. Amani Shah Drainage through connecting drain. Discharging of untreated effluent not only deteriorates the water quality but also reaches the food chain when used for irrigating nearby fields. Workers of these industries may suffer various health hazards when they are exposed to mutagenic effluent without having any information about it. Hence, discharging of effluents should thus be restricted or the workers while handling mutagenic substances should at least take proper precautions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial felts created at the Institute and the new types of third-generation dryer-conveyor canvases STP and STP-M made from polyester staple yarn and high-strength polyester reinforcing monofilaments for modern cardboard-production equipment are described. The structural features and advantages of STP and STP-M canvas are analyzed with respect to their mechanical properties and performance characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the Recycled Paperboard Technical Association (RPTA) Sampling and Analysis Protocol that RPTA member mills can use to determine that paperboard produced from recycled fibre may safely be used in food contact applications. Application of this Protocol helps to ensure compliance with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations outlined in 21 CFR 176.260. Health risk-based allowable concentrations for potential unintended chemical constituents in the paperboard have been calculated. The protocol provides a methodology for mills to determine the concentrations of these chemicals in their paperboard for comparison with the allowable concentrations. This methodology includes guidance on what to test for, frequency of testing, sample collection methods, analytical methods and interpretation of testing results. This paper explains how and why the RPTA Protocol was developed, how it is used today, what changes have been made through the first half of 2004 and what changes may be expected in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this work has been to study the viability of ozone and/or UV in the treatment of cardboard industry effluents. Several model compounds have been chosen for the experiments: guaicol, eugenol, glucose, acetate and butyrate. Significant differences in the ozonisation rates are observed between phenolic products coming from lignin (eugenol and guaiacol) and aliphatic compounds. Reactions fit in all cases a pseudo-first order kinetics and are influenced by the pH of the solution. Real effluents have also been tested, and the COD decrease has been found to depend on the fatty acids/phenols ratio. Finally, respirometric studies have shown an increase in the BODst in effluents subjected to a mild oxidation, while under stronger conditions a BODst decrease is observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The manufacturing process of brim forming in paperboard containers consists of taking a thin paperboard shell and forming a brim to provide additional stiffness to the structure. A paper cup is an example of such a structure manufactured at rates exceeding 300 units per minute. A realistic model for the manufacturing process is not available and the effects of process and material parameters are not well understood. In this study, a finite element model of this highly nonlinear problem is presented. The model takes into account the material orthotropy and nonlinear elastic-plastic behavior, die paperboard contact interaction during loading and unloading, and friction between the metal die and paperboard, die geometry, and environmental conditions. Model predictions of the forcedisplacement curve agree well with the experimentally observed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the hypothesis that the gravity argument better explains spatial trade flows than the intervening opportunities model. Estimating equation developed by stepwise least squares regression and used in testing the hypothesis; William Black's estimate of distance exponents for production areas in the United States exporting converted paper and paperboard products in 1967; Short-run operations of a firm in converted paper products at various constant costs.

The article reports that a new swatch book of Invercote G, Invercote Creato and Invercote Duo was distributed by Iggesund Paperboard, manufacturer of high quality virgin fibre paperboard, highlighting not only the papers but also how well they work for embossing projects. Alex Guglielmi, one of Iggesund's Market Technicians, said that Invercote has a dimensional stability and flexibility that allows people to use embossing to give their brochure or other printed material a third dimension.

The article offers a list of world printing industry news briefs as of January 2018 including the global paper and paperboard industry guide in 2017, the key findings of the global commercial printing market and the global consumer book publishing outlook for 2017-2021.