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China plans to develop a resilient domestic economy by leveraging the new development paradigm of 'dual (domestic and international) circulation' strategy. In recent years, the Chinese central government has launched a raft of regional development initiatives as part of its major strategy of city-cluster formation. Accelerating regional development centred on developing vibrant city-clusters is crucial to sustaining domestic economic growth in China and implementing the dual circulation strategy. By applying the SWOT analysis, this article assesses the development of major integrated city-clusters in China, and in particular the competitiveness and development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area as compared to China's other major city-clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present note discusses the Sisyphus fragment by Critias and aims to clarify Sisyphus' invocation of "Time, the master craftsman" in lines 33–34 in light of his scientific atheism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we outline a theory that explicates the hypertrophy of the "political" in relation to contemporary art, literature, and culture. Beginning with a critique of Nicholas Bourriaud's 2016 work The Exform, we interrogate Bourriaud's engagement with contemporary art and Louis Althusser's theory of ideology. We approach Bourriaud's Althusserian source material through a consideration of its reappraisal by Warren Montag, Althusser's own Lacanian influences, and through some surprising continuities with the thought of controversial German jurist and political theorist Carl Schmitt. Finally, we attempt to synthesize these discussions into our speculative theory of the "Ideological Aesthetic," which addresses a conceptual gap in past theoretical discourse on ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adults deliver mixed messages to children about the acceptability of truth- and lie-telling across contexts. To probe this discrepancy, we investigated how adults evaluate children's truths and lies across various situations. Participants watched videos of children telling prosocial lies or hurtful truths that varied in their directness (blunt or subtle) and whether they were polite in nature or protective. They then provided impressions of each child and indicated whether they would reward or punish them. Results revealed a veracity by directness interaction, as blunt truth-tellers were judged most negatively when compared to liars and subtle truth-tellers, but only for polite lies. For protective scenarios, directness was not as influential. Further, participants said they would reward subtle truth-telling most. Results painted a complex picture of how children's prosocial lies are perceived and likely socialized, highlighting the importance of circumstances and manner in which lies and truths are delivered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes a critical look at the classic couplet of theories on the justification of rights, namely, the choice theory and the interest or benefit theory, where the two are understood to be in conflict. The argument is made that this couplet is best replaced with a new one, namely, a sophisticated rendering of the benefit theory coupled with the autonomy theory, such that any conflict is resolved. The latter two theories take different cases in justifying the attribution of rights: The autonomy theory is concerned with justifying the attribution of rights to adult, rational, and competent subjects, arguing that this attribution requires a sufficiently autonomous claim by such subjects, while the benefit theory seeks to justify the attribution of rights to subjects who lack any of these three properties, meaning that they cannot be considered adult, rational, or competent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EU and U.K. antitrust are contingent upon rigorous enforcement and the imposition of sanctions. Hard enforcement is key; antitrust loses its effect when it does not "bite." Soft instruments (non-adversarial, informal) and negotiated penalty settlements may be used, but authorities are expected to exercise self-restraint. This article reveals that despite the prevalence of hard-enforcement rhetoric, the vast majority of actions taken by the European Commission (1958–2021) and German, Dutch, and U.K. antitrust authorities (2004–2021) were not fully adversarial. The hard-enforcement actions, moreover, were confined to limited practices and sectors. Despite the prominence of non-fully adversarial instruments in Europe, and in striking contrast to the United States, only limited attention was devoted to their existence and implications. Urging to take a hard look at soft enforcement and negotiated penalty settlements, the article systematically records the enforcement instruments and their particularities, questions their effectiveness, and calls to align enforcement theory to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelope Fitzgerald's The Gate of Angels (1990) tackles the body-mind problem by describing the lived experiences of her characters amidst early 20th century paradigm shifts in science and religion. This article reads the novel's metaphysical meditations of subjectivity alongside Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological project of situating the embodied subject in the world. It argues that the romantic relationship between Fred and Daisy is an anti-Cartesian allegory, which lays the ground for an analysis of Fred's metaphysical meditations on and experiences with subjectivity. His emotional crisis with Daisy makes him recognize, negatively, that the mind is embodied and interdependent with other subjects in situations. With his new knowledge of situational subjectivity, this study concludes that this metaphysical fable offers a solution to the body-mind problem by dissolving it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed research is a methodology of growing importance both within and without education. This type of research forces researchers to reconcile conflicting ways of justifying and understanding research with results that have the potential to be forward pointing for all researchers. As mixed research has grown, mixed research has gained an increasingly solidified identity which is increasingly associated with the pragmatic paradigm. This paper seeks to describe and criticise pragmatism as a paradigm for mixed research. We identify six features of pragmatism which we argue render it unfit for purpose. 1. That it is a "paradigm of convenience" 2. That it takes a consequentialist view of good research. 3. That it takes a consequentialist view of truth. 4. That it assumes the answers to epistemic questions is "somewhere in the middle" 5. That it priorities the research question, rather than ontology or epistemology 6. That it treats itself as a prerequisite for mixed research. We argue that in prioritising flexibility and practicality over principles, pragmatism loses the ability to offer guidance to researchers. Furthermore, many of the issues with pragmatism arise from a conflation of paradigm and method. I.e., by thinking that there are quantitative and qualitative paradigms. We conclude that traditional paradigms are better served to act as a paradigm for mixed research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Especially in times of (corona) crisis, the German press plays a crucial role in communicating Germany's economic policy orientation, influencing how the crisis is communicated to the public. The issue of joint European debt has never been more visible than in these times, as has the threat of a new euro crisis—Italy in focus. This study explores the German media framing of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using Italy as an example. Applying quantitative content analysis, the relative prevalence of frames rooted in competing economic policy paradigms (neoliberal/Keynesian) in press coverage from February to July 2020 is examined. The Keynesian paradigm dominates coverage. Using logit analysis, issue-specific neoliberal frames are identified as solution oriented, while Keynesian frames focus on evaluations. With Germany's policy shift regarding European joint debt and toward European greater fiscal integration, a paradigm shift is observable. Overall, findings demonstrate a relatively paradigmatic pluralistic reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its special issue, "The 'Medieval' Undone: Imagining a New Global Past," boundary 2 reveals connections of medieval studies beyond the field's self-declared boundary of 500 – 1500 AD. Though focusing on medieval studies, these essays underscore the field's long-standing role in promoting an Anglocentric paradigm of time and history. The implications reach beyond the 1500s, into the settler and colonial periods of early America, serving as a reminder that Western-derived divisions of time—that is, periodization—have anchored white-centered epistemologies. Rooted in Western-centric time and chronology, medieval studies reflects a global Anglocentric impact requiring Africana and nonwhite populations to engage the discipline as both intellectual and social advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truth is a central concept in the struggle for justice for Syrians. Many justice actors have turned to the tools and rhetoric of transitional justice to further the quest for justice and truth. Yet, while doing so has allowed them to generate some international attention for victims, the transitional justice paradigm has several pitfalls. For one, the dominant understanding of truth and truth-seeking embraced in formal mechanisms tends to be narrowly defined as forensic truth. We argue on the basis of interviews with Syrian justice actors and artists that informal, including artistic, practices can entail a thicker understanding of truth. They have the potential to disrupt several shortcomings of forensic understanding of truth and formal practices. They can 'presence' experiences of harm, accommodate multivocal truths, and enable epistemic resistance. Therefore, we consider how transitional justice as a field of scholarship and practice could better engage with truth-seeking in inconclusive contexts where formal truth mechanisms may be unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I center the epistemic dimensions of musics and musicking to consider the ways in which the band/orchestra/choir paradigm of music education prevalent in the U.S. and Canada may be implicated in epistemic injustice. Drawing in particular on the work of Fricker (Epistemic injustice: power and the ethics of knowing, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007), Dotson (Hypatia 26(2):236–257, 2011), and The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice (Kidd et al., The Routledge handbook of epistemic injustice, Routledge, New York, 2017), I explore facets of epistemic injustice and apply these ideas to music education school contexts in Canada and the U.S. I further explore aspects of school music that may amount to "testimonial smothering" (Dotson 2011) and "cognitive imperialism" (Battiste in Can J Native Educ 22:16–27, 1998). Ultimately, building on existing literature on epistemic justice (Kidd et al. 2017; Fricker 2007), I theorize an epistemically just music education for school music in alignment with culturally responsive, anti-racist, and anti-colonial teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate about computational literary studies (CLS) is stuck. Forceful arguments are repeatedly made as to why literary studies must now—or could never—involve quantification, statistics, and algorithms (not least in this journal) with little sense of either side convincing the other of their case. Surveying this debate over the past decade, I propose that what seems a complete divergence of opinion obscures a fundamental agreement: that computation is separate from literary phenomena. For the field's critics, this distinction makes CLS an oxymoron; for its proponents, both ways of knowing can contribute to literary studies, and there is critical potential in working across the divide. Yet the perception of a divide remains, and it prevents either effective critiques of reductive uses of computation (in literary studies and beyond) or productive engagements with computation's constitutive effects (including for literary textuality and subjectivity). In charting this divide as it characterizes and limits apparently very different arguments, I connect claims about technology and subjectivity made in critiques and defenses of CLS to the separation of matter and meaning commonly referred to as Cartesian dualism. With both sides maintaining this arrangement, the debate about CLS is sealed off from technocultural inquiries in multiple fields (including literary studies) and from much of what matters in and as contemporary literary phenomena. The performative approaches to scientific and literary materiality I use to elucidate problems with the existing debate also help to characterize, explain the need for, and make legible where it already exists, a different—performative—CLS. Attuned to the coconstitution of computational methods and objects, with each other, and with literary subjectivities and textualities, this CLS builds on and extends existing critical paradigms to enable literary studies in the postprint era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an interview with Annabel S. Brett, discussing her spotlight article on the changing paradigms of human relations with animals in early modern law. Topics include the foundational role of the human-animal distinction in shaping the state, the historical roots of animal rights, and the connection between the "war on nature" discourse and the concept of a "human war on animals."

Taking its cue from the earliest reference to written torah (Hos 8:12), this article seeks to identify the content and purpose of the oldest written tôrôt. I focus on quotations from "temple-entry liturgies" or temple tôrôt (Hos 4:2; Jer 7:9; Ps 50:18-19; 81:9-11) and compare them with the Decalogue (Deut 5:17; Exod 20:13). It turns out that the Decalogue had a forerunner consisting of a small set of apodictic rules about individual social behavior. This prequel to the Decalogue had its origins in the sanctuaries of the Northern Kingdom. Though the various instances of temple torah were in origin oral performances, they had a material counterpart in written copies of a proto-Decalogue. These were monumental texts on display in several Israelite temples. In some respects they compare to the Balaam text from Deir 'Alla and the theophany text from Kuntillet 'Ajrud; in other respects they compare to the copies of Hammurabi's Code present in the temples of Babylon and Sippar. What distinsguishes them from these texts, however, is their terseness and their claim to be copies of an original that was handwritten by God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the emergence of economic theology as a paradigm in various disciplines, including political philosophy, sociology and cultural studies. It examines the concept of economic theology of neoliberalism and its impact on contemporary existence, particularly the notions of debt and guilt. It highlights the interdisciplinary approach taken by Elettra Stimilli's book, 'Debt and Guilt,' exploring the philosophical and historical aspects of debt.

Sufism in post-Soviet Russia is a complex phenomenon that resists common methodological assumptions current in the sociology of religion and cultural studies, especially the oft-cited notions of disenchantment or re-enchantment and cognitive paradigm shift. This article demonstrates that discontinuities and shifts in cultural and intellectual spheres do matter, but so do continuities and remembrances of the past. In other words, "nothing is ever lost". The author examines several instances of the reimagining of Sufism in the Caucasus and the Volga-Ural region of Russia, including recent interpretations of its history and principles by a popular Sufi teacher and two high-ranking members of the Russian-Muslim officialdom. Provisionally classified as "traditionalist", "interiorized-privatized", and "perennialist", these interpretations reflect not only the varying social positions and intellectual convictions of the interpreters but also their conscious efforts to adapt Sufism to their respective environments and audiences. In conclusion the author evaluates the epistemological utility of the aforementioned sociological concepts in explaining these [re-]interpretations of Sufism with special emphasis on the role of imagination and creative remembrance of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars have highlighted the richness of Pedro Nava's Memoirs and writings on Medicine as being culturally important, pointing to the complexity of narrative postures taken by the Brazilian memoirist. Describing aspects of historical and literary prose employed by the author, this study discusses how Pedro Nava made use of an epistemological paradigm in order to express his view on medicine in his writings as medical historian and memoirist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I n this brief essay , I consider the following question: can systems thinking offer us a general theory of literary form? By "general theory," I mean the highest level of abstraction, akin to Thomas Kuhn's notion of a paradigm; I'll largely (though not entirely) pass over the "middle-level" concepts that Marjorie Levinson and Jonathan Culler call "poetics" and, lower still, the ordinary science of literary criticism that we call close reading.1 As a scholar trained in modernist poetry, I know that such abstractions are intrinsically risky; "no ideas but in things," William Carlos Williams warned.2 But I also believe that pursuing such a general theory can help us self-reflectively describe what we actually do as literary scholars, while also suggesting new modes of critical practice. Given that the last decade in literary studies was marked by a perhaps excessive attention to methodology, in this piece I'm less interested in proposing a cybernetic "way of reading" and more interested in systems thinking's capacity to help us understand why our discipline fosters so many ways of reading, more or less successful, to begin with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay tracks cybernetic approaches to the task of hermeneutics. From the first paradigm of cybernetics through its development within contemporary lines of research, the question of information processing evokes problems of interpretation shared by humans and machines. The article discusses Friedrich Kittler's notion of "hermenautics" in the context of disinformation and contemporary politics. This argument draws out connections between scientist Heinz Von Foerster's writings on the ethics of second-order cybernetics and Hannah Arendt's reporting on the trial of Adolf Eichmann. Regimes of disinformation, working to blunt the task of interpretation, are only intensified by the information age. The study of cybernetics can prepare us for the task of adapting hermeneutics to an age of digital dissemination, reading (with) machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: False memory has been extensively studied using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Despite the robustness of the effect, there is wide variability in the results, which is not fully understood. Method: Three experiments independently examined the role of backward associative strength (BAS), forward associative strength (FAS), and theme identifiability (ID) on false memories. In Experiment 1, lists varied in BAS while controlling FAS and ID. In Experiment 2, FAS was manipulated while BAS and ID were controlled. Finally, in Experiment 3, lists varied in ID while controlling BAS and FAS. Data was analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian analyses. Results: We found false memories in all three experiments. Specifically, false recognition was higher in high-BAS than in low-BAS lists in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, false recognition was higher in high-FAS than in low-FAS lists. In Experiment 3, false recognition was lower in high-ID than in low-ID lists. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both BAS and FAS--variables that promote error-inflating processes--and ID--which promotes error-editing processes--contribute independently to the production of false memories. Splitting apart the role of these variables helps to understand the variability of false memories and to extrapolate DRM tasks to explore other cognitive domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media coverage of protest, particularly its visual framing, is crucial to the legitimacy and impact of protest movements. Typical patterns in media coverage of protests, which account for discrepancies between how protests are portrayed, are the protest paradigm and WUNC (worthy, united, numbers, commitment). In order to investigate how specific visual items and features of media images showing political protest elicit positive or negative perceptions and annotations by an audience, we study two questions: Which visual features in media images of protest elicit positive or negative perceptions and annotations by an audience? How do these perceptions correspond with the protest paradigm and WUNC, respectively? We answer these questions by conducting a qualitative focus group study with students from a mid-size German university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discussion about deep disagreement has gained significant momentum in the last several years. This discussion often relies on the intuition that deep disagreement is, in some sense, rationally irresolvable. In this paper, I will provide a theory of rationally irresolvable disagreement. Such a theory is interesting in its own right, since it conflicts with the view that rational attitudes and procedures are paradigmatic tools for resolving disagreement. Moreover, I will suggest replacing discussions about deep disagreement with an analysis of rationally irresolvable disagreement, since this notion can be more clearly defined than deep disagreement and captures the basic intuitions underlying deep disagreement. I will first motivate this project by critically assessing the current debate about deep disagreement. I then detail the notions of rationality and resolvable disagreement which are crucial for a suitable theory of rationally irresolvable disagreement before sketching various instances of rationally irresolvable disagreement. Finally, I argue for replacing theories of deep disagreement with theories of rationally irresolvable disagreement, an approach that has significant advantages over existing theories of deep disagreement which focus on hinge propositions or fundamental epistemic principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with several authors (just to give an example, Aikhenvald (2015) who argue that the intersection of different inflective categories is the key to the "polyfunctionality" characteristic of verb forms, we examine the confluence of a certain range of temporal and aspectual information about modal auxiliaries in the determination of specific behaviors. As in current Engl. except for will (

In this paper we propose a reflection on the theoretical and empirical relevance of approaching the study of historical linguistic change study considering marginalia, that is, phenomena that are typologically unexceptional, but which have been ignored in linguistic research. The objective is to draw attention to the tunnel vision that linguistic theories usually entail for those who work within them, since the paradigms themselves and the study methods that are developed within such theories lead to ignoring certain linguistic phenomena relevant to the study of languages which are relegated to the margins of linguistic description. In order to prove the relevance of these marginalia, we will point out the importance they have had for the advancement of linguistic theories in the last two hundred years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, approximately two-thirds of the states have a functional parent doctrine. Under these doctrines, a court can extend parental rights based on the conduct of forming a parental relationship with a child, regardless of whether the person is the child's biological or adoptive parent. In recent years, these functional parent doctrines have garnered significant attention. Some critics fear that perpetrators of domestic violence will misuse functional parent doctrines to abuse, harass, and coerce their victims. These critics often imagine a paradigmatic case -- one involving a former nonmarital different-sex partner who has a limited relationship with the child and uses the doctrine in a post-dissolution custody action as a way to continue to harass and control his former partner, the child's mother. Drawing upon relevant findings from our empirical study of all electronically available decisions issued in the last forty years applying functional parent doctrines, this Article sheds light on these fears by reporting what we know about allegations of domestic violence in cases decided under these doctrines. Ultimately, our findings reveal that the paradigmatic case that critics envision is quite rare. Former nonmarital differentsex partners constitute only a small share of the functional parent claimants. Instead, the population of claimants is characterized by diversity. Indeed, our study includes more than twice as many relatives -- a group routinely overlooked in conversations about functional parent doctrines -- than different-sex nonmarital partners. Even as allegations of domestic violence are more common in cases involving intimate partners, they are hardly a common feature. Moreover, even the small share of cases that would seem to be of most concern -- those involving allegations of domestic violence against only the functional parent -- rarely present the straightforward facts that structure objections to functional parent doctrines. Rather than finding that functional parent doctrines are routinely used in ways that disrupt children's lives, we find that the doctrines often function to provide stability and security for children. Our account raises questions about opposing functional parent doctrines altogether based on fears that male ex-partners will use the doctrines for abusive ends. Instead, given the important benefits of functional parent doctrines for children, we conclude that concerns about domestic violence, which are indisputably serious and must be taken into consideration, should be addressed within functional parent doctrines, as some states recently have done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work analyzes the failures of the implementation of public policies in the current context with the classic approaches, to then determine how a non-conventional definition where elements of the complex paradigm are taken. The research is of a documentary and comparative nature where different definitions and approaches of some authors are analyzed to contrast them with the definition reached by determining the elements of complexity. Likewise, determine the authors who have indications of the use of the complex approach from their own perspectives. These definitions are analyzed in order to detect the failures in social development programs, not only in the implementation, but also in the design, and this will serve to improve their functioning and thus achieve the objectives for which they were created, since in reality we continue to see and experience the persistence of these public problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational research in metacognition is based predominantly on a positivist paradigm and empirical epistemological assumptions about human cognition and its investigation. Following recent calls for greater methodological diversity, this paper critically examines the possibility of studying metacognition in education through Karen Barad's (2003, 2007, 2010, 2014) ethico-onto-epistemological framework. In coining the term metacognition(ing), five new propositioning are theorised: (1) metacognition(ing) involves a practice of dynamic material configuration of entanglements in which human cognition takes part; (2) meta is inseparable from everything that occurs, relates and emerges in existence; (3) the self is dispersed in becoming, threaded through its relational performances; (4) the apparatus is not separated from the objects and subjects of investigation, and (5) diffraction could potentially open new ways to investigate metacognition(ing) in complex natural phenomena. The paper concludes with questioning the potential of studying metacognition(ing) in educational research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we consider the current state of comparative studies in Early Childhood Education (ECE) and set out proposals for future directions, in particular contesting the increasing dominance of a 'science of solutions' and proposing the benefits and implications of pursuing a 'science of difference' (Nóvoa [2018]. "Comparing Southern Europe: The Difference, the Public, and the Common." Comparative Education 54 (4): 548–561). By adopting a 'critical' perspective and working with Nóvoa's concepts, we draw on the papers included in this special issue, to debate issues of purpose, paradigm, position, and power, alongside their significance for the comparative study of ECE. We argue that respecting and valuing diversity discourages solutionist technocratic comparative education approaches. The article maps directions from the past to the present and connects them with the future of comparative education in ECE as a diversity engaged, ethical and democratic 'science'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algerian graphic novelist Nawel Louerrad always probes questions of identity and memory in her texts. In Les Vêpres algériennes (2012) and Bach to Black (2013), she argues for an understanding of these concepts as multiple and fluid, thus countering memorial discourses by advocating instead for spaces where individuals can be constructed and deconstructed at will. This paper analyzes how Louerrad's aesthetic and thematic treatment of shapes and sounds clears a path for original representations of identity formation. In giving the narrator a multitude of shapes, the artist hints at the internal conflicts present within each body and generates a graphically striking visual heteroglossia. Similarly, Louerrad's obsession with sounds and music destabilises meaning by fragmenting semiotic systems at play within her bandes dessinées. Algerian graphic novelists and mangakas are both opening and broadening the space for their media in the rapidly evolving field and market of the ninth art. Often, however, their productions still allude to Algeria's colonial past as a lingering trauma. Not unlike her peers, Louerrad is very careful to maintain the fictional dimension of her art, dismissing western expectations that postcolonial subjects be overtly political. The absurd turn of her plots ensures that her metaphysical quests, while also political, remain above all artistic endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies examining African state borders have construed their artificial nature as the main cause of underdevelopment. In this article, I argue that using the artificial character of borders as a modality and paradigm to explain the emergence of conflict and underdevelopment on the African continent fails to account for the complex issues relating to the management of these delineations. This analysis focuses on policies related to border management in Cameroon following the period of independence of the country and the surrounding regions. This policy is structured around two salient facts which account for instability at the "national peripheries." On the one hand, border management has been geared toward consolidating state power: the policy of containing military risks is the end goal and benchmark for the state. On the other hand, since independence, border security has neglected human safety in the peripheral regions. To illustrate the situation, the first part of the paper critically examines the notion of African borders as artificial. In a second part, the analysis of Cameroon's border management policy highlights its strong military roots since independence. Finally, looking ahead, I consider the challenges of border management in this country. This examination aims to shed light on the debates relating to instability in Africa. The approach used to achieve this objective empirically combines primary sources (archives, oral data), with iconographic sources collected through fieldwork conducted in the Far North Cameroon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Vygotskian approach to assessment is proposed by invoking the distinction between the development of lower and higher psychological functions. Higher psychological functions are specifically human and develop with the use of cultural tools via mediation. Accordingly, a distinction is made between tests that are based on association, which have lower psychological processes as their object of measurement and tests based on mediation that target higher psychological processes. Within a Vygotskian framework of human development, the goal of effective education (i.e., teaching and learning in formal contexts) is developing higher psychological functions. Therefore, assessment, whose purpose is to assess the outcomes of educational processes, should be capable of gathering evidence of the development of higher psychological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the limitations of critical pedagogy in programs of teacher education, as well as several approaches of critical pedagogy, and the author, to surpass these limitations. I ask: How can teacher education manifest as a radical force in the transformation of society and cultural relations in schools for the purpose of advancing social justice, the humanization of students, and the relevancy of education curriculum? Furthermore, how can teacher education do more to challenge the status quo of an uncritical, power-obsessed teaching force which reproduces relations of domination and subordination in school? Using historical as well as current research on the political developments influencing the role of critical pedagogy in programs of teacher education, I assert that although neoliberal mandates have restricted the prominence of this approach, teacher educators, teacher education program directors and administrators can exercise agency to promote critical pedagogical concepts for the humanization of student-teachers. I offer as an example the outline of a course designed to address these goals. Although the field of teacher education subsists in a neoliberal political climate, and remains beholden to uncritical funding sources, critical pedagogy, as an alternative paradigm, offers concrete steps programs and professors of teacher education can potentially take to act as critically transformative agents in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of sociolinguistic expectations in linguistic convergence, using glide-weakened /ai/--a salient feature of Southern US English--as a test case. I present the results of two experiments utilizing a novel experimental paradigm for eliciting convergence--the wordnaming game task--in which participants read aloud (baseline) or hear (exposure) clues describing particular words and then give their guesses out loud. Participants converged toward a Southern-shifted model talker by producing more glide-weakened tokens of /ai/, without ever hearing the model talker produce this vowel. Participants in the control (Midland talker) condition exhibited no such response. Convergence was facilitated by both living in the South and producing less-weakened baseline /ai/ glides, but attitudinal and domain-general individual-differences measures did not reliably predict convergence behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the cognitive mechanisms underlying convergence behaviors and the mental representations of sociolinguistic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this sense, the book is also an outstanding collection for scholars who wish to have an overview of some of the key aspects of Biesta's work or to introduce some of Biesta's important ideas to research students. This book, Biesta asserts, does not intend to replace handbooks or texts about research methodologies, but to provide a critical complement to them for any researcher, junior or well-seasoned, committed to improving educational scholarship and practice. While Biesta acknowledges that some of the material has been published before in articles and book chapters, he now brings together these texts in relation to the tasks and responsibilities of the researcher. [Extracted from the article]

You cannot understand what you do not know. The difference has been treated as something alien to the human being, but every day more voices cry out for its equality and it is necessary to discover what characterizes it. At the beginning of the century, leading scholars asserted that a culture of disability was emerging, pointing to three dimensions. Through a selfreflection of these, this article aims, on the one hand, to make a synthesis of the main elements, and on the other, to discover in what way it can cooperate in educating the views and voices of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'The same rights that people have offline must also be protected online' is used in recent years as a dominant concept in international discourse about human rights in cyberspace. But does this notion of 'normative equivalency' between the 'offline' and the 'online' afford effective protection for human rights in the digital age? This is the question at the heart of this article. We first review the development of human rights in cyberspace as they were conceptualized and articulated in international fora and critically evaluate the normative equivalency paradigm adopted by international bodies for the online application of human rights. We then attempt to describe the contours of a new digital human rights framework, which goes beyond the normative equivalency paradigm. We offer in this connection a typology of three 'generations' or modalities in the evolution of digital human rights – the radical reinterpretation of existing rights, the development of new rights and the introduction of new right and duty holders. In particular, we focus on the emergence of new digital human rights, present two prototype rights (the right to Internet access and the right not to be subject to automated decision) and discuss the normative justifications invoked for recognizing these new digital human rights. We propose that such a multilayered framework corresponds better than the normative equivalency paradigm to the unique features and challenges of upholding human rights in cyberspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an attempt to explore the theme of 'humanhood' in the Fourth Gospel. The most important questions to be posed at the outset are the following: who is the model human presented in the gospel as per the Johannine community standards? How can a person acquire humanhood status according to the Johannine community? The divine and human interaction in the life and ministry of Jesus dynamically introduces the life ethics and mission aspects of the Johannine community. According to the Johannine community standards, people can achieve 'humanhood' status exclusively in relation to Jesus. As the community of John emphasises humanhood in relation to Jesus, a person can overcome all sorts of human-made boundaries, including the sexual, racial and class-oriented boundaries through the mediation of Jesus. This further means that the all-inclusive mission of Jesus foregrounds a new criterion for 'humanhood' in the Johannine community context. The article concludes by stating that the Johannine understanding of humanhood can be considered as a paradigm in the contemporary global scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Javanese people have unique characteristics and traditions that make them appealing for research. One of the unique things of the Javanese tradition called bancaan is that it is aimed at appreciating children. Bancaan is a simple banquet of gratitude on the occasion of a child's birthday by inviting their playmates to pray together for their good. This tradition is rich in the value of hospitality but began to disappear as influences of current development overtake. Given this reality, this study discovered Christian values of hospitality in the bancaan tradition. This discovery is based on a survey by Lee Roy Martin and Michele Hersberger. This research is based on the paradigm of qualitative research. Data collection was conducted by examining the literature and studying the Bible. The problem was analysed using interactive analysis, revealing Christian hospitality values in the bancaan tradition. The values showed are as follows: (1) bancaan is open to everyone in nature despite their backgrounds, (2) bancaan is a form of interaction of hospitality in simplicity and (3) bancaan is a form of regeneration of hospitality values to the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disruptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the year 2020 reshaped all aspects of life, including religious practices and rituals. As more religious activities shifted to digital space during the lockdown periods, there was a growing need to examine the link between religion and digital media. Using the model of the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa (UPCSA), this article draws on the notion of transversal rationality and concepts of rationality, cognitive, evaluative and pragmatic to posit that COVID-19 has configured traditional missional and liturgical spaces in ways that locate the agency of the marginalised at the centre. The article highlights how COVID-19 configured Christian mission as it disrupted power dynamics through religious digital spaces, which emerged as a new way of reimaging a missional church. These new digital spaces mediate between interaction and 'telepresence', embodied in the representations of the sacred available through online religious systems in practices where users are no longer ordinary believers -- but religious participants who have power and freedom to choose. Although this is not a new phenomenon, the article concludes that such spaces created by COVID-19 shifts in power dynamics present opportunities for ordinary members to reinvent new meanings on what it means to be present or absent, to name, narrate and reinterpret the divine and forge new meanings towards participating in the mission of God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenomenology opens a fertile philosophical paradigm for mysticism, when it is rethought from the French theological perspective and the Hispanic contributions of Martín Velasco and García-Baró. In the first part we identify the intertwining of mysticism with the inversion of intentionality. In the second, we focus on the possibility of a mysticism of otherness energized by a shaken life that detonates in childhood. Without predetermining how our ethical life will develop, it reveals to us the great capacity of the best of the human person: humility, which is nothing other than our identity as disciples of everything and everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author discusses Cinematic Virtual Reality (CVR) when referring to the narrative idiom and deeper problematic that arises from conflating the medium with the technology. It mentions CVR still evolving as a medium, cannot be overstated, and rather than force fitting or modifying an existing theory and distinction between the virtual in an ‘ocular-specular system of representation. It also mentions more pervasive but also intangible paradigm shift in society as a whole.

Thomas Kuhn's concept of paradigm has long been a part of ordinary parlance in political science. Aside from its role in metatheoretical debate, scholars have enlisted the paradigm concept to explain policy change, particularly in the international political economy (IPE) literature. In this context, policy paradigms are defined primarily in ideational terms and with respect to a specific domain of policymaking. We argue that this stance overstates the ideational coherence of policymaking and runs a risk of reification. We re-evaluate the paradigm concept by drawing a link to the recent literature on norm change that emphasizes the importance of practice and process. This analysis highlights theoretical difficulties in using the paradigm concept, as the relation of ideas to practical logics elides the distinctness of paradigmatic frameworks. Without clear boundaries, paradigms lose much of their analytical purchase. While the paradigm concept initially proved useful in highlighting the role of ideas, it is time to recognize its limits in explaining stability and change in policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current education paradigms were informed by the classical Newtonian worldview of brain functioning in which the mind is simply the physical activity of the brain, and our thoughts cannot have any effect upon the physical world. However, researchers in the field of quantum mechanics found that the outcomes of certain subatomic experiments are determined by the consciousness of the observer, leading philosophers to propose that the observed and the observer are linked. Quantum mechanics also demonstrates that distant minds may behave in simultaneous correlational ways, in the absence of being linked through any known energetic signal. Further, researchers in this field propose that an external memory space is operating in the human brain, suggesting that this proposed external memory space may be a quantum field surrounding the brain and interacting with other fields, generating a global mental field of information flow. This article proposes that current education paradigms, which have been informed by a classical Newtonian physics worldview may need to be expanded to include a quantum mechanics worldview. The author seeks to understand if, and how, quantum mechanics could inform education practices, theories and paradigms and invites discussion, debate and speculation on the implications this would have for education systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last third of XIX century, associationism was seen by Chilean workers and abroad, as an opportunity to improve life conditions and participation inside the state. Through the study in Concepcion city, we looked to elucidate how this form of organization of workers was constituted as a paradigm and negotiation form of the population, exceeding the mere labor sphere. We also sustain that the associationist practice strengthened the state hegemony building throughout the recognition and legitimacy given by civil society to the state, from a subordinated position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Conceptions and proposals around the notion of paradigm assumed by Thomas Kuhn, Rafael Capurro and Armando Malheiro da Silva are addressed, which have had a decisive influence on the configuration of the so-called informational trilogy: Archival, Librarianship and Information Science. Objective: to explore and assess the presence of the notion of paradigm in the perspectives of Capurro and Malheiro da Silva, as well as to delimit the general characteristics of each proposal in the different knowledges of the informational field. Material and methods: the descriptive study carried out was based on a methodological strategy, using documentary research as a procedure. Results and discussion: the limits and possibilities of the Kuhnian notion of paradigms and the application made by Capurro in his analysis of the epistemological trajectory of Information Science were discussed. The limits of Capurro's approach are analyzed and the potentialities of Malheiro da Silva's paradigmatic vision, its distance from other visions and its impact on the informational trilogy are assessed. Conclusions: Kuhn's scheme and its materialization in Capurro's paradigms were based on an uncritical assimilation of the Kuhnian proposal, resulting in a narrow vision on the epistemological development of Information Science. In contrast, the intention of the paradigms constructed by Malheiro da Silva evidence a different sight, characterized by a much broader and integrative stance of the information field, influencing the resignification of the notion of paradigm and its typology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018 the Flemish Government agreed to introduce citizenship education for all students in secondary schools. This is new, since Flanders does not have an elaborated tradition of citizenship education. After a presentation of the political genealogy and the content of the new educational goals, the article analyses which theoretical framework can be used to explain this policy shift in Flanders. Conventional theories such as 'interest groups' and 'rational choice' do not serve the purpose. We argue that the policy transformation can better be explained by a combination of both the 'path dependent explanation' and 'the paradigm creates politics approach'. While the paradigm shift has certainly played a big role, it does not offer the full explanation why Flanders formulated official learning goals for citizenship education. The path-way change has been initiated by a small reference in a parliamentary document to a European text in an early stage of the overall reform process of the educational goals in Flanders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]