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The present study aims to examine personalities of visually impaired elite athletes and reveal the effect of sports on personality. The study sample covers 168 visually impaired elite level athletes, 51 of whom were female and 117 of whom were male. The age range of these athletes was 15-25 years. All visually impaired athletes who participated in the study are competitors in B1 level national teams. The "Big Five Scale" developed John and al., (1991), which was adapted to Turkish by Gencoz and Oncul (2003), was used in the study as the data gathering instrument. The data obtained in the research was transferred into SPSS 22.0 program. Significant differences were found between age groups and personalities of visually impaired athletes in terms of their convergence-peacefulness and personality scale and between score averages of subdimensions in term of sports branch variables.

In this study, the social network structure of the studies conducted in the early childhood towards the concept of temperament was examined. The research was considered as a descriptive study since it examined the relation between the existing studies according to the citations. The concept of temperament in early childhood has taken its place in the literature as a concept that began to be studied in 1955. 1025 studies on this subject in the Web of Science database were examined. Studies conducted between 1975-2020 were analyzed. In this study, Cite Space program, one of the social network analysis programs, was used. Documents were examined in relation to co-citations by authors, journals, countries and sources. As a result of the examinations, it was concluded that the most cited country was the United States, the most cited author Mary K. Rothbart, and the most cited journal Child Development. As a result of examining the co-references in the documents, 18 clusters named using the LLR (log-likelihood) algorithm were obtained. The names of the clusters and the most cited articles were determined in accordance with the network structure. At the same time, it is possible to see which clusters are more active in which periods and when the co-citations are analyzed according to the references and which articles are referred to more frequently. The current studies on this subject have been included in child obesity risk, postnatal plasticity revisited and extended and dispositional negativity clusters. With the results of this research, a map of information is presented to the researchers who want to study on the subject of temperament in early childhood. It can direct the researchers according to their sub-fields. It gives information about important sources, authors, and journals about the subject of interest, according to the tendency of the researcher. In addition, the researcher could see current issues or what topics the literature lacks. Therefore, as with this topic, authors can obtain detailed information about the subject area with such bibliometric studies while choosing the field of study.

The present article introduces the topic and research area of careerography, an adaptation of psychobiography to the field of career psychology. A brief historical overview of psychobiography is provided, and the reciprocal value of linking psychobiographical research methods to theory development in career psychology is emphasized. Best practices in psychobiography are highlighted, and a six-step sequential guide to conducting careerography is presented inclusive of (1) selecting one's historical subject, (2) ethical considerations and bracketing bias, (3) identifying initial research questions, (4) choosing anchoring career theories, (5) engaging the iterative research process, and (6) writing the careerography report.

The article considers peculiar problems of motivation formation in pedagogical activity, motivational sphere of the personality by means of purposeful influence of psychological factors, influence in the form of active methods of study (special psychological course, practicum, and training), problems of realization of active methods in teaching process worked out on the basis of collective-dialogue cognitive activity (CDCA) technology.

The article describes the main approaches to the problem of social success of the individual. Analysis of scientific psychological and pedagogical literature showed that Modern life requires individuals, not only in business and organizational qualities, but also the ability to navigate in a changing environment, ability to communicate, collaborate, ability to make a career--to be a successful person. The authors have constructed a methodological system of studying of the given problem, on the basis of generalization of experience of development of social success of the individual, which is based on the principles of personality-developing education, subjectivity, socio-cultural conformity of education, based on the motivations and abilities of the individual, finds its content in the forms of education and upbringing of such author's "framework for the development of social success of the Individual, special course", "Club success", "Path to Profitability" festival of pedagogical ideas, Web the page "School socially successful person" on the website of the University.

The purpose of this article is to study the personality dominant values in Graphic Design students from the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. A scale developed by Allport, Vernon and Lindsey called: "Study of values. A scale for the measuring of personality dominant interests" was used. The sample was applied to 124 students, men and women, from the different semesters in the current term 2015 A. It was proven that the prevailing dominant values are the economical and the aesthetic. An outstanding finding is the fact that less importance is paid to values associated with the religious, the social and the political.

One of the most important processes in which professors can engage is to explore different techniques to improve the learning environment. Zull (2002, 2011) has stated that people adopt new learning by "idea testing." Was the test beneficial? The authors, who were interested in testing ideas to improve the teaching and learning process, collaborated to investigate the Emergenetics Profile (EP) as a college teaching and learning support tool. The study reveals student and instructor perceptions and beliefs about the EP to draw conclusions, recognize limitations, and plan for additional investigation of this process.

This study aimed at showing how the value preferences of young adults could predict the narcissistic characteristics of young adults according to structural equation modeling. 133 female (59.6%) and 90 male (40.4%), total 223 young adults participated the study (average age: 25.66, ranging from 20 to 38). Ratio group sampling method was used while choosing the participants. In order to collect data "Narcissistic Personality Inventory" and "Schwartz's Value Scale" were used. The theoretical model was tested in terms of structural equation modeling by using AMOS 16 program. The study revealed that power, success, hedonism, excitation, self-control and universality have positive effects on narcissism, while benevolence, safety have a negative effect on narcissism. Although being quite weak and powerless, narcissistic personalities are always in need of power towards outer world. This enforces them to exist despite "the other". On the other hand the need of benevolence and safety enforce people to take notice of others and exist together with the other. (Contains 3 tables, 1 figure, and 1 footnote.)

The author provides a brief review of the clinical and research literature on individual and family resilience. The review includes resilience-focused frameworks that may have relevance to counselors working in varied contexts who provide strength-based counseling. School, family, and mental health counselors are encouraged to consider the potential utility of infusing the construct of resilience in future research and helping intervention and treatment efforts.

Several years ago the authors, a professor from The Netherlands and another professor from the United States, met over coffee and discussions about teacher education at an international conference. With mutual interests in the role of teacher educators' development of their professional identity, the authors developed an intellectual relationship as they pondered questions related to their interests. They found their conversation together provocative not in small part because of geographical differences. Teacher education programs and what it takes to be a teacher educator differ between the United States and The Netherlands. Since they did not realize this immediately, the discovery of similarities and differences strengthened their relationship as colleagues and raised critical issues. They began their current work together by asking each other to address a series of questions and issues regarding the identity of teacher educators. At the start, these questions were rather broad and random, but during the year the authors worked on this project, discussing the identity of teacher educators and studying literature, some questions proved to be central. Throughout this article the authors use their own shared writings about these central questions to situate themselves within the layers and perspectives in the literature on teacher educator identity. (Contains 1 table.)

The purpose of this study is to review the main perspectives or issues dealt with in the research on considered to be key competences, in order to develop a fuller understanding of how human competence functions. As a result of this review, two themes considered as having important implications for the actual practices can be identified: that there exists an holistic nature with different aspects of a given competence and that influences of a contextual and cultural nature are factors which affect the operation of human competence. By incorporating four characteristics and three domains of competence with the review conducted in this study, we began to appreciate what the research on human characteristics related to key competences has achieved and what is needed for future research. (Contains 1 table.)

In the context of identity politics, identity has been perceived as something substantial, inborn and essential--an unchangeable quality of self that waits to be explored and expressed. Its dynamic aspect could be nurtured through enlightenment and experience as one grows up. In this essay, the author wants to explore the dilemma that identity as a commitment holds by introducing a story heard from the authors' close friend who decided to adopt a Korean name after she entered college. The author tells the story of the conflict between one's choice and the way family members choose to live.

We created an activity in an upper-level personality psychology course in which interested students created an "entry" for a contest in which they chose a popular song that illustrated a course concept. The class evaluated these entries and voted on their favorites in a tournament-style bracket system; winners received extra credit. Students enjoyed the activity regardless of whether they created an entry or simply voted for their favorite entry. For example, they indicated the activity helped clarify course concepts, encouraged them to think about the concepts in novel ways, and increased their appreciation for psychology. We created final exam items that assessed knowledge relevant to each entry. Students were more likely to answer these items correctly than a randomly selected subset of items unrelated to the entries. This activity could be adapted for other courses both within and outside of psychology.

This study examined the relation between different facets of creativity and personality, focusing on the dark side of personality. In a sample of 247 students, psychometric measures for the assessment of the dark triad of personality (subclinical narcissism, Machiavellianism, subclinical psychopathy), personality organization (structural deficit: identity diffusion, primitive defenses, reality testing), and the conventional 5 Factor personality variables were administered. Creativity was operationalized via divergent thinking measures and via self-assessment creativity scales. Regression analyses revealed openness as strongest predictor for both self-estimated creativity and divergent thinking performance. Self-estimated creativity was also significantly predicted by narcissism and reduced reality testing. Correlational analyses further revealed that divergent thinking performance was weakly negatively correlated with Machiavellianism and subclinical psychopathy, but it was positively associated with openness and extraversion. According to our findings, facets of the bright side of personality (such as openness) seem to have a much stronger link to creativity than less desirable personality traits do.

This study sought to discover student perceptions of academics' dress and gender and their impact on perceived instructor approachability and likeability. Three categories of dress were examined: casual, business casual and professional. The results of this study suggest students at career-arts institutions perceive female teachers as less approachable and less likeable than male teachers, and teachers in casual attire less likeable than teachers in business casual or professional attire. However, the results of the two-way ANOVA suggest there is no statistical significance in students' perceptions of the approachability of teachers based upon attire, and no statistical significance in students' perceptions of the approachability or likeability of teachers based upon attire and gender.

In this review, we evaluate developmental and personality research with the aim of determining whether the personality trait of conscientiousness can be identified in children and adolescents. After concluding that conscientiousness does emerge in childhood, we discuss the developmental origins of conscientiousness with a specific focus on self-regulation, academic motivation, and internalized compliance/internalization of standards. On the basis of the accumulated body of evidence, we conclude that self-regulation fosters conscientiousness later in life, both directly and via academic motivation and internalized compliance with norms. We argue that elements of conscientiousness are evident by early childhood; self-regulation skills are likely a core developmental component of conscientiousness; and despite the contribution of heredity to the aforementioned aspects of functioning, environmental factors likely contribute to conscientiousness.

A pedagogic conversational agent (PCA) can be defined as a computer system that interacts with the student in natural language assuming the role of the instructor, a student or a companion. It can have a personality and can generate different sentences according to the agent or the student mood. Empathy with the students' feelings seems to increase their motivation to study. However, the influence of the agent personality and role as well as the students' opinion is still unclear. Therefore, in this article, it is explored with the help of a field experiment, for the first time, how these factors can affect the interaction of children with PCAs, and their opinions according to an anonymous and voluntary opinion questionnaire and some personal interviews.

This study examined the moderating effect of Machiavellianism on the relationships between bullying, peer acceptance, and school adjustment (rule-following behavior and academic performance) among 216 middle school 7th-graders in Taipei, Taiwan. The participants were divided into two groups according to their Machiavellianism. Multi-group path analysis showed that for those who were low in Machiavellianism condition, physical and verbal bullying was negatively linked to peer acceptance and academic performance while no significant association was found for the high-Machiavellianism group. Bullying was negatively, yet non-significantly, associated with rule-following behavior for both groups. The results largely supported the buffering effect of Machiavellianism on the negative outcomes of bullying. Implications for school-violence prevention and for research on adaptive bullies are discussed.

Computer-adaptive classification tests focus on classifying respondents in different proficiency groups (e.g., for pass/fail decisions). To date, adaptive classification testing has been dominated by research on dichotomous response formats and classifications in two groups. This article extends this line of research to polytomous classification tests for two- and three-group scenarios (e.g., inferior, mediocre, and superior proficiencies). Results of two simulation experiments with generated and real responses (N = 2,000) to established personality scales of different length (12, 20, or 29 items) demonstrate that adaptive item presentations significantly reduce the number of items required to make such classification decisions while maintaining a consistent classification accuracy. Furthermore, the simulations highlight the importance of the selected test termination criterion, which has a significant impact on the average test length. (Contains 1 note, 2 tables and 3 figures.)

Classic personality theories, although intriguing, are outdated. The five-factor model of personality traits reinvigorated personality research, and the resulting findings spurred a new generation of personality theories. These theories assign a central place to traits and acknowledge the crucial role of evolved biology in shaping human psychology; they also address the modifying influences of the social and cultural environment. Teachers can and should teach "personality theories" as a science course, not a history course. (Contains 1 figure and 2 notes.)

Background: Educating adolescent girls about their bodies provides girls with the opportunity to make meaning of their embodied identities for themselves. Knowledge of, and understanding of, embodiment has the potential for adolescent girls to be empowered within the physical education context. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how adolescent girls articulate their embodiment and navigate their embodied identities within the public and private physical education context. Two research questions were addressed: (1) how do adolescent girls articulate their embodiment within the physical education context?; and (2) how do adolescent girls navigate and negotiate their socially constructed embodied identities within the public and private physical education context? Participants and setting: Participants were eight seventh grade girls in a same-gender and coeducational physical education class in a suburban middle school located in the Northeast, United States. Multiple data sources were used to explore adolescent girls' embodiment in physical education. Data collection: Data sources included: (1) critical incidents forms; (2) formal interviews with the adolescent girls; (3) journals; and (4) descriptive field notes of the girls' physical education classes. Data analysis: Data analysis was ongoing throughout the data collection process. Field notes were word-processed into narratives and interviews were transcribed verbatim. Critical incidents forms, transcriptions, journals, and field notes were coded using content analysis and the constant comparative method. Findings: Results indicated that participants' embodied identities in physical education focused primarily on the socially constructed idealized female body. Two major sections will represent the findings of the data: (1) meaning making of the body: the outer shell; and (2) public display of physical body: "all eyes on me". A central category is used to summarize the findings at the end of the results section. First, most participants' thoughts, feelings, and perceptions focused on the physical aspect of their bodies. Physical appearance, specifically body size and dress attire, was a repeated topic when participants provided descriptions of their own bodies. Second, aspects of physical education that publicized participants' bodies were changing clothes in the locker room, exposing the body based on clothing attire, and comparing self to others within activities. These eight girls were able to articulate their embodiment based on their current understanding of who they are, who they believe they ought to be, and how they believe others perceive them. Based on participants' own sense of self and concern about how others may survey and judge them, they created strategies (individually and collaboratively) to feel comfortable, safe, and trusting of others within the physical education environment.

The major goals of the present study were to (a) examine age differences in susceptibility to age stereotypes and (b) test a self-awareness manipulation in counteracting age stereotypes. Young and older adults read two sets of descriptors that only differed in the to-be-ignored age-related information. In the high self-awareness condition, participants saw themselves via a computer video camera. In the low self-awareness condition, they saw prerecorded images of a stranger. Overall, older adults were more likely than young adults to make age-stereotypical judgments in the low self-awareness condition. No age differences were found in the high self-awareness condition. (Contains 2 figures and 2 tables.)

This article describes an in-class activity designed to demonstrate Freud's structural theory of the psyche, specifically the roles of the id, ego, and superego, as well as the interplay among them. Additionally, the activity visually illustrates Freud's ideas about the levels of consciousness associated with these 3 components. Pre-post quiz performance, evaluation data, and student comments demonstrate that students learned from and enjoyed the activity. Suggestions for modifications of this activity are also discussed. (Contains 1 figure and 3 notes.)

Public debates about the role of teachers and teacher performance place teachers at the center of a range of national and local discourses. The notion of teacher professional identity, therefore, framed in a variety of ways, engages people across social contexts, whether as educators, parents, students, taxpayers, voters or consumers of news and popular media. These highly contested discourses about teachers' roles and responsibilities constitute an important context for research on teachers and teaching, as researchers and educators ask how changes to the teaching profession affect teacher professional identity. This article investigates the identity talk of three mid-career teachers in an urban, public school in the USA, to better understand how the teachers used language to accomplish complex professional identities. Research approaches to teacher identity often focus on teacher narrative as a key tool in identity formation. The analysis presented here extends our understanding of language as a resource in teacher identity construction by using discourse analysis to investigate how speakers use implicit meaning to accomplish the role identity of teacher. The analytical lens draws on an interdisciplinary framework that combines a sociological approach to teacher as a role identity with an investigation of language as a cultural practice, grounded in the ethnography of communication. The analysis focuses on how teachers use specific discourse strategies--reported speech, mimicked speech, pronoun shifts, oppositional portraits, and juxtaposition of explicit claims--to construct implicit identity claims that, while they are not stated directly, are central to accomplishing teacher as a role identity. The analysis presented here focuses on the particular implicit role claim of teacher as collaborator. Findings show that, in their identity talk, the teachers strategically positioned themselves in relation to others and to institutional practices, actively negotiating competing discourses about teacher identity by engaging in a counter discourse emphasizing teachers' professional role as knowledge producers rather than information deliverers, collaborative, rather than isolated, and as agents of change engaged in critical analysis to plan action. Awareness of how these counter discourses operate in the teachers' conversation helps us better understand the cultural significance of identity talk as a site for the negotiation of the significances for the role identity of teacher. In addition, the notions of role identity and implicit identity claims offer an accessible way to talk about the complexity of teacher identity, which can be helpful for increasing awareness of the importance of teacher identity in teacher education and professional development, and in bringing teachers' voices more prominently into the debates over education. (Contains 2 notes.)

In, "Idiographic Filters for Psychological Constructs," Nesselroade, Gerstorf, Hardy, and Ram study patterns of variation within individuals. In this context they make an important suggestion: to test for invariant relations among latent variables, but to allow the relations between these latent variables and their indicators to vary between persons. This is illustrated with reference to intraindividual variations of affective experiences across time: According to a confirmatory P-technique factor analysis, correlations among latent factors in affective experiences can be constrained to be the same for all persons, if the relations between these latent factors and their measured indicators are allowed to vary across persons. The author agrees with Nesselroade and other prominent psychologists that to study patterns of variation within individuals is important for personality research, as these patterns may be regarded as the building blocks of personality. According to Gordon Allport (1937), they reflect a person's equivalence classes of situations and behaviors. However, the author is less enthusiastic concerning the specific suggestions made in the target article. Identifying invariants in the intra- and interindividual variability of human behavior is an important goal of psychological research, and thus Nesselroade et al. investigated an important problem. But, as these authors state themselves, falsifiability is an obvious concern. The author contends that more work has yet to be done to find convincing solutions for that problem.

The author's article, "Making Music, Making Selves," was written as "an effort to broaden the academic conversation about music educators and identity, to make room for a wider range of perspectives on identity, and to help everyone in the field to think deeply about what it means to be a music educator and what it means to become a music educator" (2005, p. 7). In this reply, the author continues the conversation that has stemmed from "Making Music, Making Selves" by responding to four of the key points that were raised by the authors in this issue: (1) Some of the authors in this issue feel that she has misstated the pitting of the music making and music teaching of music educators against one another in the existing literature; (2) Some of the authors in this issue feel that she has unfairly characterized the values of the field of music teacher education based on her discussion of the literature that presents music teacher education as the socialization of musicians into teachers; (3) Some of the authors in this issue feel that she intended to suggest that the field of music teacher education should take only one perspective on these issues--more specifically, the perspective that she puts forth; and (4) Some of the authors in this issue express doubts about certain aspects of her original study; for example, sample size, sample selection, and data analysis strategies, as well as the relatively limited presentation of the study in the article. (Contains 2 notes.)

In an earlier issue of "ACT" (Number 2, 2005), Dr. Rhoda Bernard has presented a call for reframing music teacher education. Based on his experience as a leader of a Swedish longitudinal project about music teacher socialization since the late 1980s, the author discusses some problems with her call. In this article, he elucidates Bernard's use of the concepts "musician-teacher identity", "discourse", and her version of the central theoretical concept of "identity". He argues that her use of these concepts only obscures the discussion and that a clearer understanding of these concepts is needed. Her use of the term "discourse" is also misleading and does not point towards or account for the daily informal processes around the music teacher's identity construction that actually occur, as revealed by empirical research. The author concludes that music teacher education must have the mission of helping students develop a professional identity that will succeed in their professional lives--regardless of how the individual identity is constituted--because ever-new identities will arise when they meet new teaching contexts. (Contains 1 note and 1 figure.)

The trait-based perspective of leadership has a long but checkered history. Trait approaches dominated the initial decades of scientific leadership research. Later, they were disdained for their inability to offer clear distinctions between leaders and nonleaders and for their failure to account for situational variance in leadership behavior. Recently, driven by greater conceptual, methodological, and statistical sophistication, such approaches have again risen to prominence. However, their contributions are likely to remain limited unless leadership researchers who adopt this perspective address several fundamental issues. The author argues that combinations of traits and attributes, integrated in conceptually meaningful ways, are more likely to predict leadership than additive or independent contributions of several single traits. Furthermore, a defining core of these dominant leader trait patterns reflects a stable tendency to lead in different ways across disparate organizational domains. Finally, the author summarizes a multistage model that specifies some leader traits as having more distal influences on leadership processes and performance, whereas others have more proximal effects that are integrated with, and influenced by, situational parameters.