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Remote sensing plays an important role for modern geography and environmental science. At the same time, it often stands on a weak epistemological foundation. Remote sensing results are mostly treated as strictly objective, context-independent artifacts. This vastly ignores the human practices that led to these results. Thus, remote sensing data are uncritically incorporated into (environmental) policy decision-making processes without understanding exactly how they were generated. Recent research has been critical of this. In a previous study, I showed that the accuracy of land use results can be increased by class aggregation, while the geographic or environmental meaning of the results suffers. I called this provocatively the "more accurate, less meaningful (MALM)" effect and showed that it exists regardless of the technical level of classification. In this study, I discuss the extent to which MALM can be remedied by choosing an appropriate quality indicator. I show that, to the largest extent conceivable, the quality indicator does not and cannot unveil the effects of socio-technical practices, which are materially inscribed into land use maps. Hence, quality indicators are unable to objectivize the effects of practices and values by the researchers. Consequently, they do not solve the MALM problem. On the contrary, I show that the explicit inclusion of geographic knowledge in quality addresses the MALM effect to the largest extent possible. This reinforces my claim that more attention needs to be paid to considering the values and practices behind remote sensing information. I discuss the results in a broad context and argue that and why critical remote sensing based on critical (physical) geography and science-and-technology studies is vital to better incorporate such results into policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of India's 2019 Islamophobic Citizenship Amendment Act, this article is based on ethnographic research with young Muslim women from Aligarh which aimed to show that their narratives of displacement and exclusion from citizenship inspired their search for belonging and enabled them to reinscribe spaces with their own, marginalised, but nonetheless real, projects of belonging. From exclusion and debasement springs new imagination of belonging: this is my finding. Drawing on intersectional feminist writings, postcolonial and critical Muslim studies, I propose that Muslim women's geographies become forms of contestation of the national project producing non-citizens. In this context, I trace the interconnections between physical and spiritual geographies to show us how Muslim women continue to carve space for themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing to the field of the geographies of digital sexualities, this article explores the geosocial dimensions of digital sexual cultures by analyzing three regionally operating, linguistically specific social media platforms devoted to sexual expression. Drawing on case studies of an Estonian platform used primarily for group sex, a Swedish platform for kink and BDSM, and a Finnish platform for nude self-expression, we ask how these contribute to and shape sexual geographies in digital and physical registers. First, we focus on the platforms as tools for digital wayfinding and hooking up. Second, we consider how the platforms help to reimagine and sexualize physical locations as ones of play, and how this transforms the ways of inhabiting such spaces. Third, we analyze how the platforms operate as sexual places in their own right, designed to accommodate certain forms of display, relating, and belonging. We argue, in particular, that these platforms shape how users imagine and engage with location by negotiating notions of proximity and distance, risk and safety, making space for sexual sociability. We approach geographies of sexuality both through the regional and linguistic boundaries within which these platforms operate, as well as through our participants' sense of comfort and investment in local spaces of sexual play. As sexual content is increasingly pushed out of large, U.S.-owned social media platforms, we argue that locally operating platforms provide a critical counterpoint, allowing for a vital re-platforming of sex on a regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altered characteristics of urban microclimates elongating the daily and seasonal exposure periods to heat stress and enlarging the size of the thermal uncomfortable urban surfaces. This situation is human thermal comfort conditions negatively which in turn affect public health and wellbeing. The aim of this study is to determine the spatial distribution of thermal comfort conditions in the neighbourhood of Yakutiye, the center of Erzurum city over the hottest 2 months of the year (July and August) based on long term (2004–2020) meteorological data to show the impact of urban areas on thermal comfort conditions where structured surfaces are dominant. PET index was used to calculate thermal comfort conditions through RayMan model and ArcGIS 10.5 software for their spatial distribution. It was seen as the result of the study that solar radiation and wind are two effective factors on thermal comfort contrarily to each other depending on the characteristics of the city in the mentioned period. Overheating by solar radiation due to concrete structured urban surface is tolerated by north-easterly cool winds. However, lack of moisture source (i.e. green areas) to moderate heat and cold stress is one of the main causes of thermally uncomfortable periods and areas in the city center. In order to improve such negative conditions, mitigating efforts should be focused on creating city parts that comply with spatial planning and design principles, taking into account all natural and human factors from a geographical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a review of the journal Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment (PiPG) from 1977 to 2023. The review was conducted by a Geography doctoral student at the University of California, Davis, as part of an introductory seminar. The review examines PiPG's history, its focus on review articles, and its evolution to include original research articles. It also analyzes the journal's theoretical and structural foundation, its current standing, and opportunities for growth. The review highlights PiPG's role in promoting physical geography research and its emphasis on critical and interdisciplinary work. The document includes word frequency analyses of PiPG article titles and discusses PiPG's international coverage and readership. The review concludes that PiPG is a valuable resource for scholars to evaluate physical geography knowledge and advance the field. [Extracted from the article]

In recent decades, a spectral turn has animated geography and related fields like archaeology, memory studies, and landscape studies, examining how places can be haunted by the ghosts of the past, with heavy emphasis on metaphorical specters and spirits. The geography of spirits and other unseen forces presented here takes a less metaphorical approach to haunted landscapes. This paper examines how spirits have traditionally dwelt within everyday places and objects like trees and stones in Palestine, and how people have sought to cohabitate with or settle such spirits. Attending to the physical geography of the spirit world can shed light on how spaces become sacred through belief and practice, and how sacred spaces are continuously remade within changing social, cultural, and political contexts. Drawing together historical observations by European and Palestinian ethnographers and interweaving the voices of Palestinian elders in the form of recorded oral history testimonies, this paper examines the typologies and environments of spirits and jinn in Palestine, with particular attention to water demons and haunted trees. The paper reflects on how these unseen forces play a role in establishing moral, gendered, and sacred boundaries, while at the same time blurring boundaries between popular religion and religious orthodoxy. • Examines haunted places in historical ethnographic writing and oral histories. • Jinn are closely tied to physical geography, including trees, caves, and springs. • Jinn play a role in establishing and maintaining geographic and moral boundaries. • Belief in spirits dwelling in physical landscapes is deeply rooted in Palestine. • Belief in jinn and spirit dwelling are folk traditions shared across religions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the demersal fish composition of the East Antarctic nearshore region are very scarce due to the harsh physical geography of the East Antarctic region, which is covered in ice and snow year round, leading to a scarcity of scientific surveys. Based on the data from the bottom trawl survey conducted by the 37–38th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) program in the Cosmonaut Sea, East Antarctica, the species of demersal fishes were identified, and the demersal fish composition and the characteristics of depth distribution were examined and analyzed. The basic biological information of highly abundant species was analyzed. The results from 97 individuals sampled within 30–60° E, south of −65° S, indicate that the fishes belong to 5 orders, 11 families, 19 genera, and 23 species. Most of the species are found in Myctophidae and Bathydraconidae, and the most common species is Macrourus whitsoni (Macrouridae). Macrourus whitsoni and Prionodraco evansii have a high abundance in the survey. Macrourus whitsoni has body lengths of 144–662 mm and body weights of 17.3–1425.1 g, and Prionodraco evansii has body lengths of 90.18–134.33 mm and body weights of 4.9–20.7 g. The length–weight relationships for Macrourus whitsoni and Prionodraco evansii are y = 0.00002 x 2.748 and y = 0.000006 x 3.353 , respectively. All the Macrourus whitsoni samples were found in waters deeper than 1000 m, with the highest number of individuals captured at depths of 1500–2000 m. Prionodraco evansii was found only at stations less than 250 m deep. These results complement the demersal fish composition and distribution data of the Cosmonaut Sea, East Antarctica. These data can provide valuable basic information for characterizing regional assemblages and delineating zoogeographic boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article emphasizes the importance of considering the vertical dimension in socio-hydrosystem studies, particularly in relation to groundwater and subsurface flows. The authors argue that vertical connectivity has often been overlooked in previous research and call for better integration of the vertical dimension in socio-hydrological frameworks. They highlight the social and environmental implications of subsurface flows, including impacts on river ecosystems and water quality. The article also discusses the hyporheic zone, the interface between aquifers and rivers, and its importance in understanding and managing water resources. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research and a more inclusive and equitable approach to water resource management. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a concise and accurate summary of the life and work of Alfred Russel Wallace, a significant figure in evolutionary biology. It challenges misconceptions about Wallace's background and ideas, emphasizing his self-education and passion for natural sciences. The article explores his travels to South America and Southeast Asia, where he made important observations and collected specimens. It also discusses Wallace's contributions to evolutionary biology, his views on societal and economic systems, and his interest in human evolution and spiritualism. This comprehensive overview of Wallace's life and scientific achievements makes it a valuable resource for researchers in the field of evolutionary biology and biodiversity science. [Extracted from the article]

Parameterization of subgrid‐scale processes is a major source of uncertainty in global atmospheric model simulations. Global storm‐resolving simulations use a finer grid (less than 5 km) to reduce this uncertainty by explicitly resolving deep convection and details of orography. This study uses machine learning to replace the physical parameterizations of heating and moistening rates, but not wind tendencies, in a coarse‐grid (200 km) global atmosphere model, using training data obtained by spatially coarse‐graining a 40‐day realistic geography global storm‐resolving simulation. The training targets are the three‐dimensional fields of effective heating and moistening rates, including the effect of grid‐scale motions that are resolved but imperfectly simulated by the coarse model. A neural network is trained to predict the time‐dependent heating and moistening rates in each grid column using the coarse‐grained temperature, specific humidity, surface turbulent heat fluxes, cosine of solar zenith angle, land‐sea mask and surface geopotential of that grid column as inputs. The coefficient of determination R2 for offline prediction ranges from 0.4 to 0.8 at most vertical levels and latitudes. Online, we achieve stable 35‐day simulations, with metrics of skill such as the time‐mean pattern of near‐surface temperature and precipitation comparable or slightly better than a baseline simulation with conventional physical parameterizations. However, the structure of tropical circulation and relative humidity in the upper troposphere are unrealistic. Overall, this study shows potential for the replacement of human‐designed parameterizations with data‐driven ones in a realistic setting. Plain Language Summary: Numerical models used for projecting climate change impacts must use ad‐hoc assumptions about the effects of unresolved small‐scale processes. These assumptions contribute to uncertainty in predicting how rainfall and temperature will change in the future. Expensive fine‐grid simulations which eliminate the need for some of these assumptions are possible to run for shorter (month‐to year‐long) duration. We use such a simulation to train a data‐driven representation of the effects of processes, like clouds, which are poorly simulated by a cheaper coarse‐grid model. The data‐driven representation (a neural network) predicts rates of temperature and moisture change in each column using inputs from that grid column. This approach has been previously shown to work for models with idealized boundary conditions, but not for the realistic setting we use. When this neural network is used in a coarse‐resolution model, the realism of many global skill metrics is as good or better than a baseline model with traditional representation of small‐scale processes. However, some features are degraded, such as the time‐evolving pattern of rainfall in the tropics and humidity in the upper atmosphere. This work is a first step toward the use of data‐driven representations of unresolved processes in realistic global atmospheric models. Key Points: Effective sources of heat and moisture are computed from a global storm‐resolving simulation accounting for semi‐resolved dynamicsA neural network is trained to predict columns of the effective sources using profiles of temperature and specific humidityWhen used online, stable month‐long simulations are possible although skill is not yet comparable to a previous corrective approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial reports on a horizon scan exercise that was undertaken to identify new frontier topics, new or emerging themes/concepts, or new philosophical questions of relevance to physical geography. Researchers with broad geographical and disciplinary scope, all of whom were members of the journal's editorial board or editorial advisory board, were invited to join a horizon scan panel. The horizon scan Chair canvassed panel members for ideas, resulting in an initial 32 independently proposed topics. Similar topics were merged by the Chair, and panel members were then invited to vote on and score anonymously the remaining 28 topics, bearing in mind the perceived importance/relevance and novelty for the discipline. The final ranking and sifting phase produced a list of 12 topics, which were categorised as being either new study areas or new epistemological frameworks for physical geography. In this editorial, we outline these 12 topics, some of which have been inspired by developments outside of the discipline, but we identify how potentially fertile contributions could be added by physical geographers. We discuss how new studies of extreme event geographies, the impacts of compound stressors, cross-system pollution and toxicity, the geomorphological basis of zoonoses, ancient environmental DNA, the projection and visualisation of landscape futures, and planetary sciences can all benefit from additional physical geography perspectives. We then consider the ways in which physical geographers may engage further with new approaches in personalised and internet-of-things monitoring, artificial intelligence, innovative technologies for teaching physical geography, the study of human-climate impacts, and the raising of the profile of physical geography thinking alongside other knowledge forms. We encourage more physical geographers to apply their unique skillsets and ways of thinking to these topics. The journal will welcome new submissions, or proposals for special issues, that address these topics from physical geographers and their colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching sports geography in higher education on the surface seems like it would be a great course to draw students in, get them exposed to geographic concepts, tools, and techniques, and the perfect forum for using examples to which students can relate. However, there are few instances of a sports geography course being in a regular rotation of courses. A deeper look at why this is reveals some challenges both administratively and academically. This reflection paper discusses some of these issues from the perspective of faculty members in the U.S. higher educational setting as well as some challenges of including physical geography in such a course. Although students tend to understand how geography and sports are intertwined from human geography concepts, physical geography concepts are also an important part of this understanding and do not get a lot of attention during these types of discussions. This reflection does consider the many ways that physical geography needs to be part of academic courses on sports geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission teaching which centres around traditional lecturing discounts the variety of different learners and individual aptitudes. Physical Geography as a discipline has historically provided a range of teaching methods beyond lecturing which embrace field and laboratory activities, frequently adapting new research technologies to further student learning. While technological trends are increasing the demand for Geography graduates with GIS, modelling, or programming skills, Geography lecturers should remain open to using other technological advances as teaching tools. Using an example of low-cost environmental sensors, this paper demonstrates how technologically-focused exercises can effectively solidify a range of geographical skills through experiential learning. Using Kolb's Experiential Learning Model to identify the key learning processes, we compare low-cost environmental sensor training to the UK's current Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education's (QAA) Geography benchmarks. We also consider the practical applications of this technology as a learning tool for Physical Geography. In comparison with a student evaluation, this paper provides an initial basis to support additional qualitative investigations into the learning outcomes of independent, technology-based learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To help stakeholders such as planners, resource managers, policymakers, and decision makers address environmental challenges in the Anthropocene, scientists are increasingly creating actionable science—science that is useful, usable, and used. Critical physical geography encourages the engagement of stakeholders in the creation of scientific knowledge to conduct actionable science and produce outputs that are directly relevant to stakeholder plans, decisions, or actions. Many scientists, however, lack formal training in how to partner with stakeholders using effective and ethical practices. In this article, we use the core principles for ethical research of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice from the Belmont Report (1979) as a suggested framework to examine the perspectives of stakeholders engaged in climate adaptation science projects. We argue that this framework aligns with the principles of critical physical geography and provides guidance for scientists to make their research more actionable while placing necessary emphasis on ethical considerations. We also challenge scientists to consider the broader ethical implications of engaging with these partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A short overview of the history of academic geography since the 19th century shows that there has never been a unity of physical and human geography in the past, at least in the form that is strived for today to justify the relevance of geography in coping with the present problems faced by humanity. But the fact that the limits of positivism start to be recognized in physical geography opens a way to collaboration for addressing the pressing problems affecting our planet today. The paper ends with some examples of how such a collaboration might look like and advocates greater attention to a political chorological approach, concentrating on the diversity of regions in the world, by taking both their internal and external relationships in terms of power structures into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geography, as a discipline, is keeping pace with the overall development of scientific systems. The 20th century division between physical and human geography dispelled the integrity and unity of geography, while the division of specialties and the deep development of research topics further eroded the discipline. In anticipation of the synthesis of complexity and earth system science, and new sciences in the 21st century, and against the background of globalization and sustainable development, nature and humanities should be reintegrated in university classrooms. The influence of dualism can disappear invisibly through the standardization of academic language, construction of discipline theories, and transformation of research paradigms. Furthermore, an integrated and systematic concept can execute the arduous and complex task of safeguarding the future of humanity and sustainable development of the earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century has seen an exponential growth in the number of papers published by Chinese geographers, yet this surge in publication has not corresponded to a commensurate increase in societal impact. The voices of geographers, particularly those of the younger generation, have diminished when confronted with substantial scientific and societal challenges. A pivotal factor contributing to this phenomenon is the academic evaluation system, which places significant emphasis on the quantities of papers and projects. This system significantly impedes cohesive progress in the field of Chinese geography, leading geographers, especially the younger generation, to diverge from the fundamental principles of the discipline. Consequently, there is a gradual neglect of the "comprehensiveness" and "regionality" dimensions that geography traditionally employs to tackle significant issues. To augment the capacity of geography to confront crucial challenges and enhance its standing within both the disciplinary and societal realms, Chinese geography should embark on a trajectory of consolidated development. This includes crucial steps such as strengthening geography education, establishing a leading problem-oriented framework, outlining pathways for integrating physical and human geography, and utilizing initiatives such as the "Top Ten Research Progresses in Chinese Geographical Science" to guide synthesized geographic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment is a common research subject of physical and human geography, serving as a bridge toward the integration of these two sub-disciplines within geography. In order to study the interaction between human and physical geographical processes and the complex earth landscape it generates, incorporating the concept of region and corresponding research methods can be a possible direction to simplify the complexity of the problem. I argue that the division and analysis of regions should be based on geographical processes, emphasizing the discovery of chain reactions within these processes. Although there is a degree of subjectivity in the division of region among geographers, a good regional delineation should uncover more important and objective facts, reveal deeper truths, and therefore gain higher recognition. The unity of physical and human geography is evident in the cognitions and actions that human societies take regarding the interactions between physical and human geographical processes, which the comprehensive study of geography should able to explore, analyze, organize, and interpret. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the article co-authored by Christian Kesteloot and Lorenzo Bagnoli, this paper proposes three bases for the integration of physical geography and human geography. First, the ontologies faced by the two academic groups need to be close; second, the two academic groups must embrace each other's methodology; and third, the organization of scientific research operation should be conducive to integration. In order to better demonstrate these three integration bases, this paper considers the case of color control in the central city of Beijing, and analyzes the difference research approaches of physical geographers and human geographers when they face this practical issue in the absence of these three bases, as well as trends in their divergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major natural and social problems have emerged since the onset of the Anthropocene because of which geography, as a typical interdisciplinary field, has faced unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Given its focus on the complex human-nature relationship, it is necessary to overcome the dualism bias between physical and human geography and prioritize the study of coupling human-nature relationship within the discipline. In the context of Chinese geography, the key and the biggest difficulty of such coupling lies in the methodology used. To solve these major problems, the geographical community should encourage participation in diversified interdisciplinary research and promote the integration of data, technology, and society to bring about a new paradigm of governance science. This shift entails a gradual departure from the prevailing disciplinary evaluation orientation that tends to prioritize physical sciences over social sciences and humanities. Coupling physical and human geography and collaboration between geography and other disciplines are necessary to overcome the common global sustainable development issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a technical and social viewpoint on strategic renewable energy implementation based on tactical factors with a restrained viability, in selected places in India are presented. The argument initiates with the consideration of augmenting the available resources at a place of interest and leveraging the homegrown advantage over non-local facilities. Such undertakings can facilitate resource efficiency, by combining technological and economic rewards for the overall benefit of society unlocking the aspects of co-dependence on alternate energy forms. Nine different places in India were identified in Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Maharashtra, and Karnataka and explored employing physical survey, to identify the distinct geographies, allowing a narrative building in favor of strategic deployment. This mapping of resources, when applied to the local conditions by using a stochastic model developed as a direct output from the work. The result of the survey expresses that nominated people’s opinion is heavily skewed toward bioenergy and solar by almost a factor of 2, in comparison to wind, small hydro, geothermal, and hydrogen. Respondents recorded about 80% urban and 25% rural for solar, followed by bioenergy at 68% urban and 46% rural. Geothermal and hydrogen received the least (<20% urban, <5% rural). In the end, the study opens a wider scope for judgment-making for policymakers, to distinguish between the approach for all-inclusive and preferential renewables deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrej Kranjc was one of the leading geographers of his generation at the national and international level. His research covers a wide range of topics related to karst geomorphology, speleology, and hydrology, as well as the history of karstology and karst terminology. This article presents his fruitful and active research activities, his contribution to geography, and his role and importance to karstology. His research and publications were honoured by his appointment as a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Through his scientific, professional, and educational work, Kranjc has had a lasting impact on Slovenian geography and has contributed significantly to the establishment of karstology in the professional community and among the general public. In addition, his work led to many important initiatives, such as the International Karstological School and the Doctoral study programme Karstology. It is also thanks to him that Slovenia is recognised as a karst country and is among the world leaders in karstology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can political geographers bring their critical tools to questioning the EU's 'geopolitical turn'? This commentary challenges the narrative of an EU‐wide 'Zeitenwende', pointing out some of the limitations of a 'geopolitical Europe' as it is being envisioned currently, while also noting the divided geographies of Europeans' support for continued military assistance to Ukraine. In closing, the piece points to some of the perils of the rhetoric of 'no alternative' in EU geopolitics, noting how it risks leaving the discursive space open to illiberal political forces. How can political geographers bring their critical tools to questioning the EU's 'geopolitical turn'? This commentary challenges the narrative of an EU‐wide 'Zeitenwende', pointing out some of the limitations of a 'geopolitical Europe' as it is being envisioned currently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models (paradigms) and former interpretations have often been presupposed when conducting field research. In the 19th century diamictites were for the first time interpreted to have originated from ancient glaciations. These interpretations have to a large part prevailed in the geological community, although there has been much progress in the areas of sedimentology, glaciology and physical geography. The present work is an effort to find criteria which most clearly discriminate between geological features produced by different processes, mainly glaciation and mass flow, the latter predominantly sediment gravity flows. Geological features which have been interpreted to have formed by glaciation throughout pre-Pleistocene Earth history are compared to similar-appearing geological features formed by mass flow and tectonics, so as to uncover variations in the appearance between features resulting from these different processes. The starting point for this comparison is documentation of the appearance of Quaternary products of erosion and deposition, in order to discern the origin of older formations. It is shown that the appearance and origin of pavements, dropstones, valleys, small-scale landforms, surface microtextures and most other geological features may in some cases be equivocal, but in others the details are indicative of the process which generated the feature. Detailed geological field data which have been compiled by geologists from outcrops of pre-Pleistocene strata, more often than is considered in most papers, commonly point to a mass flow origin, mainly a sediment gravity flow origin, rather than a glaciogenic origin. A process of multiple working hypotheses or interpretations is therefore advocated, based mainly on a comparison of the appearance of features formed by different geological processes documented from different research disciplines. Instead of starting with current interpretations or models, this multiple working hypothesis or methodology helps to avoid confirmation bias and jumping to conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has seen growing interest across human geography in the concept of the unconscious as a key terrain for thinking social life. At the same time, an increasing number of geographers are exploring theorisations of the unconscious that push beyond the subject-predicate tendencies of much psychoanalytic thinking, addressing material and non-representational forces that exceed the confines of a human-centred understanding. This paper extends this work through an engagement with the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, highlighting three key implications for geographical understandings of the unconscious. First, how it inverts the traditional emphasis on already-constituted psychic individuals to processes of psychic individuation that modulate the emergence and becoming of subjects. Second, how it shifts beyond the psychoanalytical fixation on negativity and repression through an understanding of the transductive potential of unconscious forces to create new forms of life. And third, how it opens a new way of articulating the relation of the psychic and collective as a relation of individuations that he terms the transindividual. Empirically, the paper turns to the subterranean landscape of dreams and desires in the novels of Haruki Murakami, exploring how literary encounters might open a space for thinking the transductive forces of the transindividual unconscious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tornadoes have the potential to cause catastrophic destruction and mass casualties. What influence a changing climate has on tornado behavior remains a largely unanswered question. Much of the current knowledge of tornado climatology is linked to historical tornado reports that date back to 1950 and are maintained by the National Weather Service and the Storm Prediction Center. Here, we digitize and geocode significant and killer tornado reports over the period from 1880 to 1989 as a means of improving and expanding the data readily available to researchers. In total, 12,191 tornado reports were included to create a spatial data set that includes tornado characteristics consistent with the severe report database. Existing as both a straight-line track and an initial point model, the data set is broad enough to provide statistical analysis on tornado characteristics, geospatial analysis at the grid and county level, and point-based analysis at fine spatial scales. This flexibility in the data set allows for the application of methodologies across a range of disciplines that can improve studies related to tornado climatology and curriculum rooted in quantitative and geospatial analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential learning is recognized as a high-impact educational practice. Fieldwork is an important component of the geographic tradition. When implemented using an inquiry-based approach, fieldwork can be a highly effective form of experiential education. However, many geography instructors are dissuaded from implementing inquiry-based fieldwork because of logistical challenges. Here, a modular, semester-long fieldwork design is presented, involving inquiry-based research on local streams. This framework has been successfully implemented twice in undergraduate classes. A total of 37 undergraduate students did physical habitat assessments and water-quality monitoring on urban streams in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. Quantitative and qualitative anonymous student evaluations and student work products provide preliminary support for the approach's effectiveness in enhancing student learning. The practical advantages of the presented fieldwork design are that it is less costly in time and money than fully field-based courses, it breaks up a large class into more manageable group sizes, and it alleviates some of the common concerns about accessibility, equity, and risk management. While still needing to be systematically assessed, the pedagogical benefits potentially include development of critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, interpersonal, and affective skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief contribution, I reflect on some of the newest tendencies and fashions in social theoretic thinking in the field of human geography and beyond. Human geography attracts its scholars, thinkers and audiences with its engagement to contribute to a better environment and a better world. As such human geography as a discipline is a political project, with high societal relevance. In this human engagement with the world around us, the relationship between the human and the spatial environment is of central importance, and thorough scientific conceptual reflections are crucial in a discipline that is not just political but also scientific. Geographers traditionally excel in sophisticated conceptualisations of our physical and social environment but have rather neglected the conceptualisation of the other end of this relationship, the human being and becoming. In the current debate on the various versions of posthumanism, we observe that one easily resorts to rather simplistic categorisations and qualifications of what we envision as posthuman utopias or dystopias, with sometimes also dangerous ethical consequences. In this contribution, I try to argue that, if we dig a bit deeper, with the help of the philosophical anthropology of Helmuth Plessner we gain a more nuanced and sustainable as well as ethically responsible view of the role of the posthuman self in the geography of today's world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quaternary glaciations in western China have been investigated over the last century with the emphasis on the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions. Earlier studies were mainly based on field observation and interpretation of geomorphic landforms and processes to identify and define past glacial sequences. The advent of absolute dating techniques, such as optically stimulated luminescence dating and cosmogenic radionuclide exposure dating, has revolutionized glacial chronological research in recent decades. Glacial chronologies have been established across various mountains, providing evidence to reject the Tibetan ice sheet hypothesis. Glacial advances generally occurred synchronously in this region, but the detailed timing, extent, and form of past glaciers vary at different locations. This review presents recent progress and challenges on reconstructing the timing and extent of Quaternary glaciations in western China, seeking to promote further studies and a broader interest from the physical geography community in this critical region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physically, river floodplains have both the subdued morphology of natural terrain created as extreme discharges and sediments pass through catchment drainage systems and, to an increasing extent, the forms that arise from purposeful human constructions. Together, these direct out-of-channel inundation. As defined here, 'territories' and their humanly constructed physical forms have historically consumed or modified naturally created 'terrains' in a collection of actions that we summarize as 'morphophagia'. A more inclusive physical geography is presented, adding-in explanations for the evolutionary phasing of humanly-generated, but environmentally functioning, physical forms in the UK in the Modern Era (since c.1500 CE). Floodplain developments here took place in five main episodes of historically-contingent accumulation: the Early Modern (c.1500–1780 CE) started with a framework of purposeful owned land, and then followed periods that can be related to Kondratieff global economic phases (c.1790–1840,1840–1900,1900–1947,1947–2000 CE). Three different groups of forcings operated: (1) the compartmentalizing and patched infill patterns set by territorial units, rights and developer ownerships; (2) the availability, motivations and timings for capital and labour investment; and (3) the evolving technical possibilities exploited by entrepreneurs and agents. Epistemic frameworks for broadening the analysis of coupled terrain and territory systems, exploring actuating social forces as much as their symptomatic physical outcomes, are discussed. Globally, there have been different forcings, timings and emplacement layouts operating at scales from local river reaches to city expansion and economic regions. As perceptions of environmental stasis now disintegrate, enthusiasm for reinvigorating economic growth, with further population increase and sprawling construction may, as in the past, discount the hazards of floodplain occupation. When and why risky anthropo-physical floodplain emplacements occur needs greater systematic understanding as social and economic initiatives are being considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rationale for this theme section of the journal on Paul Bishop, eminent physical geographer, earth scientist and researcher of human-environment relations, is explained. Paul Bishop (1949–2022), a long-time Professor of Geography at the University of Glasgow, was – indeed, still very much is – a major figure at the cutting-edge of research, scholarship, education and applications in the fields indicated. His academic work has been global in its focus – spanning four continents (Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe), including a substantial body of inquiries centred in Scotland – and has encompassed the time-spans of planetary history (and the geotectonics of long-term landscape change), human history (and the dynamics of environmental influence on human settlement, resource use and cultural practice) and human life-spans (including the histories and heritages of locality). Paul died, too soon, early in 2022. An event to commemorate his academic life and work was held in September 2022, and several contributions to that event have now been written through in substantially revised form for the present theme section. The current piece introduces this theme section, providing a sketch of Paul's biography, including notes on his time in Glasgow, and cross-referencing with the articles that follow. Appended is also a near-comprehensive bibliography of Paul's published outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice coverage not only affects the climate and landscape of geographical regions but has impacted species composition, the fragmentation and isolation of populations, and the colonisation routes of species post-glaciation. Major advancements in generating genetic data and applying sophisticated analyses to accurately model the demographic and colonisation history of animal and plant species has allowed evolutionary biologists novel insights. Meanwhile, physical geographers have made major advancements in reconstructing glacial history. However, the information flow between the geographic and evolutionary fields on this topic remains limited; consequently, evolutionary studies on contemporary biodiversity and species colonisation tend to be vague about the role of glacial history, while evolutionary and biodiversity information is rarely leveraged when discussing historical glaciation. In this review, we bring together current knowledge on the changing patterns of ice coverage in the British Isles from the maximum extent of the British-Irish ice sheet (BIIS) ca. 27 ka through to the end of large-scale ice coverage at the start of the Holocene period ca. 11.5 ka. We do so to then highlight how glaciation affected species composition during this time period and the subsequent colonisation of temperate flora and fauna and the patterns of genetic variation seen in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, the implementation of doctoral education in Geography has led to an increase in the number of theses focused on Physical Geography. However, little is known about the dynamics inherent to fieldwork techniques, methods, and studied topics. In order to gain a better understanding of this increasing trend and its evolution, this article examines 78 theses published by five public higher education institutions between 2000 and 2021. Through quantitative analysis, the study investigates the data sources, fieldwork techniques, and analytical methods used in the studies covering the topics of Biogeography, Climatology, Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Risk and Planning. From 2007 onward, there was an evident increase in research related to Risk and Planning, underscoring the role of Physical Geography in addressing territorial planning issues. The use of Geographic Information Systems, statistical analysis, and quantitative approaches highlights the significance of data sources and office-based analyses. The geographical context of the institutions where the studies were conducted appears to influence the choice of research areas and topics. The Bologna process, doctoral scholarships granted by the Foundation for Science and Technology, and the increase in funded research projects partially justify the diversity of identified topics and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference in socio-economic development difference between continents and countries that exist on Earth is determined by topographic, climatic, economic, social, strategic, historical, etc. factors. The difference in socio-economic decisiveness between countries in Africa is very high. There are regions on the African continent that contain geographically very different areas. These different climate and vegetation characteristics have an impact on both human life and economic developments. For this reason, Africa differs from other continents in terms of socio-economic characteristics as well as natural features. The continent is home to 1/7 of the world's population with a population of approximately 1 billion. The European migration to the continent, which started in the 11th century, made African countries the exploitation of European states over time, and at the beginning of the 1900s, there was almost no independent state in Africa. After World War II, various political trends emerged in Africa and most of the former colonies gained their independence. The aim of this study is to analyze the socio-economic similarity of African countries. For this analysis, a statistical method called hierarchical cluster analysis was applied. Square Euclidean and Pearson proximity matrices were used to measure the distance that determines the formation of clusters. The similarity distance between countries was also supported by the agglomerative chart. Dendrogram method was preferred to show hierarchical clustering results. When the socio-economic similarity clusters between African countries are examined; It is seen that physical and human geography characteristics and spatial proximity are effective in the similarities and differences between countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the work of Saidiya Hartman, Black studies scholars have long theorized and analyzed what it means to exist in the afterlife of slavery, which refers to the precarity and devaluation of Black life since chattel slavery. This article draws the natural environment into this discourse to conceptualize the biophysical afterlife of slavery. The biophysical afterlife of slavery describes how the precarity and devaluation of Black life has affected the natural environments in which these lives exist. Slavery left lingering impacts on soil, water, and vegetation regimes as it maneuvered and settled across the earth, but importantly, its ideological and sociopolitical legacies continue to impact Black ecologies today. I argue that to methodologically attend to the biophysical afterlife of slavery there must be a meaningful integration of critical physical geography and Black geographies. As an example of this integration, I suggest that there is a myriad of methods used to reconstruct environmental histories, such as dendrochronology that, when brought together with a Black geographies lens, create mechanisms to analyze the past, present, and future of the biophysical afterlife of slavery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces swampification, a social and methodological process whereby governments, corporations, and the press socially (re)invented swamplands as spaces of death, disease, and "uninhabitability" to justify their destruction. Using the case of the Santee-Cooper Hydroelectric and Navigation Project in New Deal South Carolina, this article demonstrates how White institutions sought to eradicate Black autonomous spaces and ecological connections. I build on Black ecologies, a subfield that aims to illuminate conditions and relations Black people have with/in ecological and social worlds that comprise struggles for existence and legacies of world building. I propose coupling Black ecologies with moral geographies to bring attention to the sociospatial imaginaries placed on Black people that forced them to the ecological margins, then later extracted them from those very spaces when the landscapes stood in the way of White progress. Swampification did not merely stagnate Black terraqueous landscapes but further perpetuated racial stereotypes of Blackness as out-of-place and pestilent, and situated the presence of non-White others as antithetical to U.S. progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The only available theoretical model explaining the natural development of lakes is a set of assumptions underlying the so-called lake aging concept (LAC). It incorrectly states that with time, lakes age and are inevitably and unidirectionally subject to eutrophication processes. In its most radical version, it misidentifies eutrophication, i.e., an increase in productivity resulting from enrichment in nutrients, with progressive disappearance of lakes over geological timescales due to the filling of the basin with sediment. To this day, LAC assumptions are referred to in various sources, including scientific articles, the Internet, official government documents, as well as teaching materials, all despite a critical approach to this concept presented in several publications, including limnology textbooks. This article, for the first time, presents the history of creation of LAC and an analysis of its main assumptions. A new alternative approach to explain lake ontogeny is also proposed, based on the current knowledge from several environmental sciences, including limnology, physical geography, and paleoecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropology and physical geography were among Kant's most popular and longest running courses. He intended them to give his students the world-knowledge [Weltkenntniß] that they needed in order to be effective world-citizens [Weltbürgern]. Much of this indoctrination amounted to teaching Occidental white men, Kant's default audience, to perceive themselves as uniquely entitled and obliged to work as agents of human progress on the assumption that they, thanks to their geographic location on Earth, were naturally formed as an exceptional race. I trace this perception to a combination of Kant's lectures and publications. He already indicated it in some of his works from the 1750s and 1760s. He subsequently fleshed it out through a theory of race based on his geography course in conjunction with a pure moral theory, a pragmatic anthropology that complements the moral theory, and a theory of education that builds on those three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific knowledge advances by the discussions on hypotheses, methods, and results, wherein the contradictory plays a positive role developing new theoretical-methodological approaches. In a positive debate to the progress of the science, the agreements and disagreements must only permeate the scientific scope and based on ethics to be away from the conflicts of interest. From this perspective, after knowing the submission titled Comments on Souza et al. (2022) "Recent geomorphological changes in the Paraiba do Sul delta, South America East Coast" to the journal Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment (PPG), which addressed several issues concerning the results published in that article, we wrote this response to clarify the doubts related to the original paper. The comment's authors focus mainly on da Rocha et al. (2019), a locally published article that did not fully encompass the complexity of processes and geomorphological dynamics related to the delta evolution. Furthermore, it did not present the parameters used in the geochronological analyses in accordance with the international literature. Finally, the discussions presented in the original article contribute to advances in knowledge about the responses of the Paraíba do Sul delta to the Little Ice Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study Jesuit mapmaking in North America in the period after the restoration of the Order (1814), when the Jesuits regained their important place as missionaries and explorers, playing a significant role in the mapping and territorialization of the United States. In the period between the 1830s and the 1850s, Flemish Jesuit Pierre-Jean De Smet mapped the territories of the future states of Iowa, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and South Dakota, as well as of the Canadian modern-states of Alberta and British Columbia. Apart from physical geography, he paid special attention to the human geography of the region, thus mapping Native American landscapes, US military installations, and other landmarks in the American Northwest. His maps gained considerable attention from the US Government and were thus used for updating official maps by the Topographic Corps and various state affairs documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differentiation of physical geography and human geography is consistent with the differentiation of science, which is always in progress. Both have their advantages, and both have made contributions to scientific cognition and practical application. However, they also share common interests and means, which can give full play to their advantages and provide unique academic support for understanding and solving numerous social and environmental problems and challenges faced by contemporary human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Geography of Wisconsin" by John A. Cross and Kazimierz J. Zaniewski is a comprehensive guide to the geography of Wisconsin. It covers both physical and human geography, as well as historical and contemporary interactions that have shaped the state. The book includes a wealth of specific details, with approximately 200 illustrations and 50 maps that reinforce the text. It is organized logically and covers topics such as geology, climate, settlement, transportation, demographics, cultural landscapes, and recreation. While the book may be challenging for students due to its level of detail, it serves as an excellent general reference for anyone interested in learning more about Wisconsin. [Extracted from the article]

Brad D. Jokisch's book, "Latin America and the Caribbean: An Environment and Development Approach," provides a comprehensive and contemporary regional approach to understanding the human and physical geography of the region. The book is structured thematically, covering topics such as development strategies, environmental impacts, demographic changes, international migration, urbanization, and the development and deforestation in the Amazon. Jokisch's expertise in migration and environmental change is evident throughout the book, and he also addresses timely issues such as China's role in Latin American trade, the economic and demographic impact of COVID-19, and the illicit drug economy and human trafficking. The book is highly readable, pedagogically sound, and includes maps, tables, and graphics to support the text. While the photographs are in black and white, the book offers a well-structured tool for educators and researchers interested in the region. [Extracted from the article]

Integrated land-sea development and protection are important for the sustainable development of coastal areas. To promote the transition from separate land-sea management to integrated land-sea governance, the scientific delineation of the integrated spatial zoning units of coastal watershed-nearshore waters is an important tool for integrated land-sea management. From the perspective of physical geography, this study uses digital hydrological analysis based on DEM data to determine the coastal basin range and generate multilevel watersheds and river networks using different thresholds, and establishes spatial correspondence among physical geospatial spaces, such as watershed zones, coastlines, and nearshore waters, after considering the boundaries of major estuaries and bays. On this basis, the coastal zone is divided into several integrated spatial zoning units of coastal watershed-nearshore waters, and a physical geography-based integrated spatial zoning method is developed to form a physical geography-based land-sea integrated spatial zoning scheme. This study conducted spatial heterogeneity research of the integrated spatial zoning units, from the perspectives of topography analysis, land use analysis, socioeconomic analysis of the watershed, sea use analysis, seawater quality analysis of the nearshore waters, and load pressure analysis of the watershed-nearshore waters. The elemental differences of zoning units are studied in detail, which can provide a data reference for establishing the relationship between watersheds and nearshore waters. Applying this research method to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, where the land-sea linkage pattern is forming, can provide a spatial reference and scientific basis for land-sea integrated management for ecological protection and sustainable resource utilization in the coastal zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carl Sauer's The Morphology of Landscape is a foundational text for cultural geography. Instead of focusing on culture, however, this article pays special attention to Sauer's use of phenomenology. Through the lens of German Theory, I detail the debate around areal realism in German geography amongst Carl Ritter, Julius Fröbel, Alexander von Humboldt, and Alfred Hettner leading up to The Morphology of Landscape. By reconstructing the onto-epistemological problem that Sauer's invocation of phenomenology responds to, I extrapolate a Sauerian phenomenology for both physical and human geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any understanding of the transformation from indirect imperial to centralized nation-state rule must consider the complex interplay between knowledge production, sovereignty, and power, as well as the historical geographies that shape them. As such, this article focuses on Middle Eastern modern-state formation through the case of Dersim, a region in contemporary Turkey's Eastern Anatolia, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It delves deeply into Dersim's intricate dynamics to examine the changing relationship between state and territory through the perspective of government authorities, Western travelers, and local inhabitants. The article argues that the Turkish state's violent transformation of nonstate Dersim in 1937–38 marked a peak in the process of creating a flattened, homogeneous territory where sovereignty would be implemented effectively and, ideally, equally. This process began in Dersim, and the larger region around it, with the implementation of the Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms in the early nineteenth century, gained momentum with the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War, and reached its culmination with genocidal operations in Dersim in the late 1930s. The state elites' instrumentalization of modern cartography, among other technological advancements, for military purposes allowed them to envision, define, and reshape Dersim as an integral part of their imagined national homeland. • Explores attempts to imagine, map, discipline and control a peripheral region within the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey. • Shows how central cartography was to this mission. • Underscores the influence of physical geography in the state-society relations. • Uses alternative archives to show that Dersim had a complex, nonstate form of social regulation. • Highlights the interconnectedness of knowledge production, state formation, and the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the Taiqing jinye shendan jing 太清金液神丹經 (Grand Clarity Scripture of Divine Elixir Made from Liquid Gold, hereafter Scripture of Liquid Gold), attributed to Ge Hong 葛洪 (283–343 CE), to examine the intersection of religion, science and medicine in China. Passages from the Scripture of Liquid Gold describe the healing powers of drugs and highlight ways medieval writers imagined the transmission of medical knowledge, as well as the specific places producing potent substances. The text provides a view that contravenes standard narratives of foreign medical migration that vector into China via Buddhist channels. As such, we argue that it provides a novel view of medical migration in its time period. As one of the early sources on physical geography and trade goods from Southeast Asia, it is an important resource for early knowledge of the region and is one of the earliest examples of possible Daoist religio-technical continuities between the regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the use of electronic games as a tool for teaching physical geography, as subjects of Geomorphology. Thus, the objectives were: 1) To discuss the use of commercial games in the teaching-learning process and its importance in teaching Geography and Physical Geography; 2) Characterize the potential of Minecraft as a methodological resource; 3) Elaborate a didactic proposal associating the use of Minecraft with concepts of Geomorphology, from the sixth year of Elementary school linked to the skills and abilities of the BNCC. Therefore, the methodology consisted of a survey and literature review on the topics of School Geography, games Geography and Physical Geography Teaching, the use of the SWOT matrix to characterize the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of Minecraft as an educational tool. As a result, it is highlighted that games are tools that can develop student-players and student-protagonists in teaching, in addition to providing playfulness to themes that are harder. Another issue observed is the possible difficulty of students and professors regarding the use of technologies. And the teacher is part of the process, being both the idealizer and who contextualize the proposal to the school, as well as a mediator in the teaching-learning process. Minecraft as a resource focused on Geography is a precious tool, with possibilities that are not limited to the content of the sixth year, or themes focused on geomorphology, however it must be associated with the theoretical part of the class and with everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]