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A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of living in Okinawa, Japan including information on several tourist spots in Okinawa, the concept of struggle and resistance, and the value of tranquility for the Okinawa citizens.

This article explores the impact of Michel Foucault's work on classical scholarship, specifically focusing on his books "The Uses of Pleasure" and "Care of the Self." Despite the challenging nature of his writings, Foucault's books became best sellers and influenced various fields such as queer and feminist theory, history, and governmentality. The article emphasizes the relevance of Foucault's study of antiquity for classical scholars and highlights the transformation in the study of gender and sexuality during the 1970s and 1980s, with Foucault's work serving as a significant turning point. It suggests that Foucault's understanding of sexuality and power remains relevant today, particularly in analyzing contemporary institutional practices and the discourse of sexuality. The article also discusses the posthumous publication of Foucault's lectures, essays, and seminars, which reveal his broader engagement with antiquity and various topics such as public discourse, governmentality, and biopolitics. Foucault's approach to classical antiquity was influential not only because of his focus on it, but also because of the less commonly explored texts he studied within the discipline. His work also emphasized the importance of tracing a history across late antiquity, the medieval era, and beyond. Foucault's interdisciplinary and expressive mode of writing history has also influenced the way cultural history is written. The article acknowledges some criticisms of Foucault's perspective, particularly regarding his limited focus on authoritative male voices and exclusion of certain texts and perspectives [Extracted from the article]

The demand for therapy: War in Ukraine and climate change There was a recent time when a senior member of a therapy training organisation said that most psychotherapists were lucky to have two unwashed clients! For the BPC to make clearer to prospective clients the difference in the training requirements of their psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic psychotherapists, psychodynamic psychotherapists and psychodynamic counsellors; particularly both regarding how many times they have therapy a week and why they regard such differences important. Further suggestions the professional bodies (collectively and individually) might consider to... I Shouldn't all professional psychotherapy bodies state clearly for each of their professional titles the minimum training requirements, including number of years, training hours and hours of personal therapy? To be more specific, this editorial ventures, somewhat audaciously, to consider whether psychotherapists, counsellors, psychoanalysts, arts and play therapists, psychologists, their supervisors, their trainers/educators and their professional bodies could do more to protect the public. [Extracted from the article]

Book Review of Jorge N. Reitter's book, heteronormativity and psychoanalysis: Oedipus Gay: by Jorge N. Reitter, London and New York, Routledge, 2022, £29.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781032171845 This is an English edition of a book first published in Spanish in 2019 by the Argentinian psychoanalyst, Jorge Reitter. In this book, Reitter is courageously coming out as a gay psychoanalyst, while making it clear that this is an unusual step in the context of Lacanian analysis in Argentina. [Extracted from the article]

This article seeks to explore institutional psychotherapy's politically informed practice by highlighting two key concepts: crisis and resistance. It first briefly sketches a conceptual overview of the two concepts, paying particular attention to the complicated interactions between their political and therapeutic meanings. Following each conceptual elaboration there is a discussion exploring the ways in which the concept has been used by two key members of the institutional psychotherapy movement, Frantz Fanon and Félix Guattari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although neither Sigmund Freud nor Jacques Lacan ever neglected the place of culture and the social field for the subject, they always opposed "culturalist" ideas, even when such ideas no longer used this label. It is important to examine what both of these figures said about culturalism, but it is just as pertinent to return to other criticisms of this movement, which developed in the United States during the last century, because at present this movement has returned covertly within French psychoanalysis. First, "culturalism" is neither a specifically American problem nor one that belongs to the past. Second, some decisive criticisms of this movement remain both germane and original: they are able to throw light on a theoretical current that, at least in France, now characterizes a dominant orientation of psychoanalytic work. Third, although Lacan himself foresaw it, the misuse of some of his notions has unexpectedly served as a Trojan horse that has enabled culturalism to return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Creativity and resistances in remote psychoanalysis" explores the differences between in-person analysis and remote analysis in terms of framework, resistances, and transference and countertransference. It highlights the importance of colleagues' support in psychoanalytic work and the possibility of sharing the analytic identity without barriers of profession or gender. It mentions transference as the repetition of feelings and experiences originally directed towards a caregiving figure and then redirected towards the analyst. The contribution of Melanie Klein in understanding transference as a therapeutic tool is emphasized. The article also presents two clinical cases to illustrate the differences between in-person and remote analysis. It concludes that both the patient and the analyst can creatively use remote modalities of analytic work to seek unconscious meanings. [Extracted from the article]

This study examined the changes in biofilm‐formation ability, hemolytic/lipase/nuclease/protease activities, and resistance to various bactericidal treatments of Staphylococcus aureus after sublethal treatment with carvacrol and thymol. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of carvacrol and thymol for S. aureus were 0.4 and 0.3 mg/ml, respectively, and sublethal concentrations (1/2 and 1/4 MIC) were determined based on these concentrations. Sublethal treatment with carvacrol and thymol did not change the protease and lipase activities but reduced the hemolytic and nuclease activities of S. aureus. After sublethal treatment with carvacrol and thymol, the biofilm‐formation ability of S. aureus was decreased, which was found to be due to the decrease in cell surface hydrophobicity. In addition, after sublethal treatment with carvacrol and thymol, the resistance of S. aureus to heating and malic acid treatments increased, whereas resistance to ultraviolet and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) decreased, and resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) did not change. The results of this study show that sublethal treatment with carvacrol and thymol can effectively suppress some virulence factors of S. aureus and that applying HOCl or ultraviolet radiation would be an effective subsequent treatment to inactivate S. aureus after sublethal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing spaces for adolescents to make sense of the world around them is often the work of educators, specifically those in Language Arts classrooms. In the current historical moment, adolescents often must make sense of the ways socio-political conflict impacts their world. Displacement, often an effect of socio-political conflict, is increasingly a theme in adolescents' lives, and therefore a prevalent theme in the ways they see the world. Providing spaces for adolescents to discuss their relationships to displacement through Young Adult (YA) texts can provide educators a possible way to support to adolescents at this critical time in their lives. Using affect theory to analyze the ways emotion moves through YA texts and reading bodies, this article examines four YA texts: When Stars Are Scattered (Jamieson et al., 2020), Between Shades of Gray (Sepetys, 2011), Kira Kira (Kadohata, 2006), and They Called Us Enemy (Takei et al., 2019). In examining these YA texts, this article seeks to understand how displacement moves through each text and impacts adolescent characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a frightening, stress-inducing, and unchartered territory for all. It is suggested that stress, loneliness, and the emotional toll of the pandemic will result in increased numbers of those who will seek psychological intervention, need support, and guidance on how to cope with a time period that none of us were prepared for. Psychologists, in general, are trained in and know how to help others. They are less effective in taking care of themselves, so that they can be their best in helping others. The article, which aims to heighten clinicians' awareness of the need for self-care, especially now in the post-pandemic era, describes the demanding nature of psychotherapy and the initial resistance by therapists to engage in self-care, and outlines the consequences of neglecting to care for themselves. We covered the demanding nature of psychotherapy and its grinding trajectory, the loneliness and isolation felt by clinicians in private practice, the professional hazards faced by those caring for others, and the creative and insightful ways that mental health practitioners can care for themselves for the good of their clients, their families, and obviously, themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiandrogen strategies remain the prostate cancer treatment backbone, but drug resistance develops. We show that androgen blockade in prostate cancer leads to derepression of retroelements (REs) followed by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-stimulated interferon response that blocks tumor growth. A forward genetic approach identified H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) as an essential epigenetic adaptation to antiandrogens, which enabled transcriptional silencing of REs that otherwise stimulate interferon signaling and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Elevated expression of terminal H3K9me3 writers was associated with poor patient hormonal therapy outcomes. Forced expression of H3K9me3 writers conferred resistance, whereas inhibiting H3K9-trimethylation writers and readers restored RE expression, blocking antiandrogen resistance. Our work reveals a drug resistance axis that integrates multiple cellular signaling elements and identifies potential pharmacologic vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a transcription factor that induces cell proliferation and exhibits increased expression in a large subset of breast cancers. The molecular mechanisms underlying the up-regulation of ERα activity, however, remain poorly understood. We identified FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) as a factor associated with poor prognosis of individuals with ERα-positive breast cancer. We found that FKBP52 interacts with breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and stabilizes ERα, and is essential for breast cancer cell proliferation. FKBP52 depletion resulted in decreased ERα expression and proliferation in breast cancer cell lines, including MCF7-derived fulvestrant resistance (MFR) cells, suggesting that inhibiting FKBP52 may provide a therapeutic effect for endocrine therapy-resistant breast cancer. In contrast, FKBP51, a closely related molecule to FKBP52, reduced the stability of ERα. Consistent with these findings, FKBP51 was more abundantly expressed in normal tissues than in cancer cells, suggesting that these FKBPs may function in the opposite direction. Collectively, our study shows that FKBP52 and FKBP51 regulate ERα stability in a reciprocal manner and reveals a regulatory mechanism by which the expression of ERα is controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En vista de su reciente reedición, este artículo busca contribuir a la revalorización crítica de Débora (1884), la primera novela de Tomás Michelena. Escrita 20 años antes de que el divorcio fuese incorporado en el Código Civil venezolano, la novela aboga por su necesidad narrando las desaventuras de Débora, una esposa infiel cuyo adulterio la condena a convertirse en un objeto de exhibición. Poniendo énfasis en el carácter intrínsecamente legal de las preocupaciones que inspiran a Michelena, este artículo explora la sugerente relación entre ley y exhibición que Débora pone en juego mediante la exposición de cuerpos culpables. De esta manera, no solo pretende destacar la problemática intuición en torno a la correspondencia entre ley y castigo delineada por Michelena, sino también indagar cómo esta intuición da paso a un peculiar paradigma de resistencia que, encarnado en el cuerpo exhibido de Débora, toma lugar ante la ley. In view of its recent re-edition, the following article aims to contribute to the critical reappraisal of Débora (1884), by Tomás Michelena. Written 20 years before divorce was incorporated into Venezuela's civil code, Michelena's novel advocates for its establishment by narrating the misadventures of Débora, an unfaithful wife whose adultery is punished by being turned into an object of exhibition. Highlighting the inherently legal character of the question that stands at the center of Michelena's novel, this article explores the suggestive relation between the law, on the one hand, and the exhibition of guilty bodies, on the other, that Débora puts into play. In doing so, this article not only intends to foreground the problematic intuition concerning the relation of law to punishment that this novel delineates, but also, to show how this intuition makes room for a peculiar form of resistance that, embodied in Débora's exhibited body, takes place before the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Forrester and Laura Cameron, Freud in Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2017, 812 pages, ISBN: 9780521861908 In a way having oneself psychoanalysed is like eating from the tree of knowledge. Forrester and Cameron suggest that in using his own dreams as "an occasion for criticizing Freud", Wittgenstein developed a deeper and more profound engagement with Freud than was common amongst other philosophers of the time (p. 337). The key lesson of their discussion is that reading Wittgenstein without the reference to Freud lends "therapy" a kind of corrective or curative sense, one that is at odds with Wittgenstein's own vision. Accordingly, Cavell posits a similarity between Freud's view of analysis and that of Wittgenstein, on the grounds that Wittgenstein also 'seeks to remove something (a temptation, a picture, an illusion of making sense) that meets with resistance' ([3]: 294). [Extracted from the article]

Patients with melanoma receiving drugs targeting BRAFV600E and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) invariably develop resistance and face continued progression. Based on preclinical studies, intermittent treatment involving alternating periods of drug withdrawal and rechallenge has been proposed as a method to delay the onset of resistance. The beneficial effect of intermittent treatment has been attributed to drug addiction, where drug withdrawal reduces the viability of resistant cells due to MAP kinase pathway hyperactivation. However, the mechanistic basis of the intermittent effect is incompletely understood. We show that intermittent treatment with the BRAFV600E inhibitor, LGX818/encorafenib, suppresses growth compared with continuous treatment in human melanoma cells engineered to express BRAFV600E, p61-BRAFV600E, or MEK2C125 oncogenes. Analysis of the BRAFV600Eoverexpressing cells shows that, while drug addiction clearly occurs, it fails to account for the advantageous effect of intermittent treatment. Instead, growth suppression is best explained by resensitization during periods of drug removal, followed by cell death after drug readdition. Continuous treatment leads to transcriptional responses prominently associated with chemoresistance in melanoma. By contrast, cells treated intermittently reveal a subset of transcripts that reverse expression between successive cycles of drug removal and rechallenge and include mediators of cell invasiveness and the epithelial-tomesenchymal transition. These transcripts change during periods of drug removal by adaptive switching, rather than selection pressure. Resensitization occurs against a background of sustained expression of melanoma resistance genes, producing a transcriptome distinct from that of the initial drug-naive cell state. We conclude that phenotypic plasticity leading to drug resensitization can underlie the beneficial effect of intermittent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although affect factors into most theoretical explanations for inoculation-conferred resistance to influence, it has received comparably less attention than its cognitive features. What we do know from extant research, however, is important for our understanding of resistance to influence. This review surveys research in affect and inoculation theory with special attention to how affect can bolster or thwart resistance; how affective messages function in comparison with other approaches; and the role of specific emotions, like anger, in inoculation. It provides an overview of the conventional inoculation theoretical model and a careful reading of what we can learn from research exploring issues of affect in inoculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A body of empirical research shows that pursuing goals via means that do not fit (vs. do fit) one's regulatory mode creates resistance that disrupts motivation. However, other empirical research shows that resistance sometimes motivates people to work harder toward their goals, suggesting that regulatory nonfit (vs. fit) might be more motivating at times. The current research tests this possibility while also demonstrating how an integral dimension of a goal—a person's preexisting commitment to it—determines when regulatory nonfit (vs. fit) is more motivating. Three initial studies provide evidence that, among people low in preexisting commitment, regulatory nonfit (vs. fit) demotivates people: goal value and intentions to pursue the goal become lower with nonfit (vs. fit). However, among people high in preexisting commitment, regulatory nonfit (vs. fit) motivates people: goal value and intentions to pursue the goal become higher with nonfit (vs. fit). Three additional studies document an experimental causal chain providing evidence for underlying mechanisms: regulatory nonfit (vs. fit) creates an experience of resistance that people need to interpret, and preexisting commitment shifts whether people interpret resistance as a negative or positive motivational signal. Finally, two studies demonstrate how naturally occurring variance in preexisting goal commitment moderates the effect of experiencing regulatory nonfit (vs. fit) on people's subsequent goal-directed behavior. By identifying an integral dimension of goals that can reverse the motivational effects of regulatory nonfit, the present research connects with other work documenting the importance of mindsets about resistance, and suggests novel implications for motivating desired behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clients or patients often come to psychotherapy to alleviate psychological symptoms and pain but, paradoxically, soon behave in ways that seem to interfere with the process and progress of therapy. As early as the 1890's Freud began calling this phenomenon resistance and immediately realised that he needed to understand and deal with this matter to achieve therapeutic goals. Our understanding and ways of dealing with resistance in psychotherapy have undergone several developments over the years. Initially, psychoanalysts understood resistance as an obstacle to the therapeutic task and relationship and sought "to remove" it. However, over time, it has been realised that this is impossible, and the resistance also has an important function. In other words, the appearance of resistance was seen as an opportunity to understand the subjective experience of clients and the relational context in which it occurred. Dr. Rhee Dongshick, the founder of Taopsychotherapy, added a wholly fresh perspective in keeping with more recent relational perspectives. He came to see resistance as a therapist-centred concept and that what a therapist feels as resistance is, in fact, the result of the therapist's countertransference, essentially a failure of the therapist's empathy. He fully understood the patient's anxiety about admitting and facing unbearably painful emotions. Therefore, Rhee Dongshick's approach was to "melt" resistances by empathising with the patient's most distressing nuclear feelings with sustained, deeply empathic inquiry. In this paper, the author would like to examine in detail the perspective and therapeutic interventions of Taopsychotherapy in the face of resistance. Hopefully, this will propose meaningful guidelines for the conduct of psychotherapy, comparing these with some other well-known Western approaches to psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have suggested that stigma resistance plays an important role in the recovery from mental illness. However, there has been limited research in Asian countries that has examined the benefits of stigma resistance among the mentally ill in Asian populations. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stigma resistance and establish the socio-demographic correlates of stigma resistance, as well as its association with internalised stigma and psychosocial outcomes among a multi-ethnic population of 280 outpatients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in Singapore. Prevalence of stigma resistance measured using the Stigma Resistance subscale of the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale was 82.9%. ANOVA and logistic regressions were conducted and results revealed that: (i) Stigma resistance was positively associated with being separated/divorced/widowed but negatively associated with depression diagnosis; (ii) Psychosocial outcomes such as self-esteem and psychological health were positively associated with stigma resistance; and (iii) Internalised stigma was negatively associated with stigma resistance. Moving forward, treatments could emphasize on improving the self-esteem and psychological health of patients to increase their stigma resistance for counteracting effects of public and internalised stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a trial examining whether cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) could be improved by integrating motivational interviewing (MI) to target resistance, MI-CBT outperformed CBT over 12-month follow-up (Westra, Constantino, & Antony, 2016). Given that effectively addressing resistance is both a theoretically and an empirically supported mechanism of MI's additive effect, we explored qualitatively patients' experience of resistance, possibly as a function of treatment. For 5 patients from each treatment who exhibited early in-session change ambivalence, and thus were at risk for later resistance, we conducted interpersonal process recall interviews after a session. Transcripts were analyzed with grounded theory and consensual qualitative research. A salient contrast in patient narratives was a sense of compliance engendered in standard CBT versus connection in MI-CBT. Yet both narratives supported the superordinate category of resistance as an interpersonal process triggered by patient perceptions of therapist beliefs and behaviors. Findings contribute to the conceptualization of resistance from patients' first-hand accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes three exercises in teaching art education that expose the emergency of whitewashed discipline or the reaffirmation of White supremacist narratives and power structures. These are thinking about a memory of Whiteness, finding goodness in Whiteness or being White, and reflecting on the association of Whiteness to oppressive systems as the status quo and on practicing resistance to White supremacy.

In Sonata for Jerusalem Ghost (SJG) (2009), Waciny Laredj, the Algerian-French novelist, engages with one of the most, if not the most, pivotal cases that have dominated the Arab political and socio- cultural scene for more than seventy decades, namely: the Israeli occupation of Palestine. Laredj utilizes an interdisciplinary approach informed by postmodern, psychoanalytical, postcolonial, and ecological rhetoric to deal with issues pertaining to occupation, displacement, the nostalgia for the homeland, the problem of hybrid identity, and others. Elemental ecology operates as a discursive proxy that links up the different disciplines in SJG. Exploring the dynamics of this operation, I will underscore the role that Laredj's utilization of interdisciplinarity plays in articulating a feasible — or a potentially blurred — concept of resistance in a Palestinian context. The different disciplines that Laredj utilizes are anchored on postmodern predisposition and ethics. Accordingly, I will explore if (and how) such ethics renders the potential of 'resistance' in the novel captive to possibilities of freedom and justice defined by a postmodern and global/Westem rhetoric rather than by political ethics particularly germane to the Palestinian condition. In the process, I will show if SJG is an "aestheticized politics" that ultimately generates no more than a sense of "artistic gratification" consummated in the slogan Tart pour l'art". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the three discussions are framed in terms of the pull on all of us to the socio-political world in which we live (Guralnik), the usefulness of interpersonal psychoanalysis as a way of working (White), or the need to legitimize culturally imposed trauma in the face of resistances to doing so (Tummala-Narra), each commentator offers meaningful elaborations on what I have offered and/or alternative perspectives to be considered. This response affords me a welcome opportunity to celebrate and elaborate the multiple ways in which culture and cultural trauma can be conceptualized, understood, and worked with in the consultation room. I hope these papers, considered together, will make cultural trauma more accessible to work with for all psychoanalytic clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the similarity between the psychology and physics particularly the views of psychologist Sigmund Freud and physicist Isaac Newton. It discusses the connection between Freud's concept of resistance and the laws of motion by the Newton, contrast between Einstein theory of transformation of energy and conservation of emotions, and its application in group therapy.

This study explored the journey of American armed forces personnel from their decision to join the service, through their service in an active military conflict and how these factors may be associated with potential resistance for mental healthcare. The data came from qualitative interviews with 46 OIF/OEF/OND active-duty military, reservists, and discharged veterans of the average age of 25 years, who presented for a new episode of mental health treatment to a large Veterans Affairs Hospital (VAH) in Northeastern United States in 2011-2012. Qualitative analysis of veterans' perceptions revealed several major themes describing how a mental health diagnosis would negatively impact both their sense of identity and pragmatic career-building goals: enlisting as a career-building avenue, 'noble superhero' identity, escaping from hardship, and mental illness as a career-killer. Findings suggest that factors making young veterans resist mental healthcare may be reduced by partnering VAH psychiatrists with career counselors, and by enhancing military leadership's awareness and understanding about how to support soldiers with emotional and mental health needs, with a goal to eliminating stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance in therapy is defined differently among psychotherapists, according to their theoretical orientation. Eventually, resistance implies the unwillingness of the patient to change and grow during the therapeutic process. The question is whether this resistant behavior of the patient represents a negative sequence in the development of therapy. In the presented case study, I suggest that the resistance that appeared even since the beginning of the therapy may be associated with positive results. The key of the therapeutic success is establishing a correct operational diagnosis, as well as the implicit contract of the patient. The panic disorder disappeared and the patient learned to acquire a repertory of alternative responses to threats of abandonment. The therapeutic techniques used were cognitive, behavioral and experiential (Schema Therapy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) do not respond sufficiently to several consecutive treatments for major depressive disorder. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for these patients, but presently placebo effects cannot be ruled out.Objective: To assess the efficacy of DBS of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC), controlling for placebo effects with active and sham stimulation phases.Design, Setting, and Participants: Twenty-five patients with TRD from 2 hospitals in the Netherlands were enrolled between March 22, 2010, and May 8, 2014. Patients first entered a 52-week open-label trial during which they received bilateral implants of 4 contact electrodes followed by optimization of DBS until a stable response was achieved. A randomized, double-blind, 12-week crossover phase was then conducted with patients receiving active treatment followed by sham or vice versa. Response and nonresponse to treatment were determined using intention-to-treat analyses.Interventions: Deep brain stimulation targeted to the vALIC.Main Outcomes and Measures: The change in the investigator-rated score of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) was the main outcome used in analysis of the optimization phase. The primary outcome of the crossover phase was the difference in the HAM-D-17 scores between active and sham DBS. The score range of this tool is 0 to 52, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms. Patients were classified as responders to treatment (≥50% decrease of the HAM-D-17 score compared with baseline) and partial responders (≥25 but <50% decrease of the HAM-D-17 score).Results: Of 25 patients included in the study, 8 (32%) were men; the mean (SD) age at inclusion was 53.2 (8.4) years. Mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 22.2 (95% CI, 20.3-24.1) at baseline to 15.9 (95% CI, 12.3-19.5) (P = .001), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores from 34.0 (95% CI, 31.8-36.3) to 23.8 (95% CI, 18.4-29.1) (P < .001), and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-report scores from from 49.3 (95% CI, 45.4-53.2) to 38.8 (95% CI, 31.6-46.0) (P = .005) in the optimization phase. Following the optimization phase, which lasted 51.6 (22.0) weeks, 10 patients (40%) were classified as responders and 15 individuals (60%) as nonresponders. Sixteen patients entered the randomized crossover phase (9 responders [56%], 7 nonresponders [44%]). During active DBS, patients scored significantly lower on the HAM-D-17 scale (13.6 [95% CI, 9.8-17.4]) than during sham DBS (23.1 [95% CI, 20.6-25.6]) (P < .001). Serious adverse events included severe nausea during surgery (1 patient), suicide attempt (4 patients), and suicidal ideation (2 patients).Conclusions and Relevance: Deep brain stimulation of the vALIC resulted in a significant decrease of depressive symptoms in 10 of 25 patients and was tolerated well. The randomized crossover design corroborates that vALIC DBS causes symptom reduction rather than sham.Trial Registration: trialregister.nl Identifier: NTR2118. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foster care faces serious challenges, such as behavioral problems in foster children and parental stress and ineffective parenting behavior in foster parents. The results of a pilot study that evaluated a training program for foster parents based on nonviolent resistance are described. In a pretest-posttest design, data were collected from 25 families. Significant reductions in externalizing, internalizing, and total problem behavior in the foster children and in parenting stress were found. Using a reliable change index, significant improvements in externalizing, internalizing, and total problem behavior were found in, respectively, 72, 44, and 80% of the cases. Most improvements proved to be clinically relevant. Effect sizes ranged from medium to large for problem behavior, and from small to medium for parenting stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivational interviewing is presented as an approach to address resistant behaviors in clinical supervision. A case example is used to illustrate the process in which the relational and technical elements of motivational interviewing can be applied to supervisee resistance. Implications for supervisors and researchers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victims of sexual assault are never to blame, but increasing a woman's ability to effectively defend against unwanted sexual advances may help reduce risk of sexual victimization. This two-part study sought to examine social interaction anxiety as a risk factor of sexual victimization. A total of 1095 undergraduate females completed an online survey to assess social anxiety and other variables, of whom a subsample (n=136) completed the subsequent in-lab study in which predicted use of resistance techniques in a risky sexual situation was assessed. Controlling for past victimization, social interaction anxiety did not predict use of assertive or polite resistance techniques but did predict passive responding at the lowest two levels of sexual coercion in a series of three escalating sexual advances (i.e., breast fondling, genital fondling, and rape threat) in a story depicting a risky sexual situation. Overall, findings suggest that social anxiety may increase college women's risk of sexual victimization by increasing passivity during risky sexual situations, which has implications for risk reduction programs and for psychotherapy with women who present with high social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freud's discovery of unconscious resistances fueled by anxiety had the potential to radically shift the nature of psychoanalytic technique. However, Freud's ambivalence about his new discovery infused the thinking of those that followed him, leading to lip service being given to analyzing the anxiety behind resistance. Thus, for most of our history, there has been a resistance to resistance analysis, leading to confusion as to how we can help patients free themselves from the inevitability of repetitive, self destructive actions. Freud's discovery of unconscious resistances fueled by anxiety had the potential to radically shift the nature of psychoanalytic technique. However, Freud's ambivalence about his new discovery infused the thinking of those that followed him, leading to lip service being given to analyzing the anxiety behind resistance. Thus, for most of our history, there has been a resistance to resistance analysis, leading to confusion as to how we can help patients free themselves from the inevitability of repetitive, self destructive actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers whether a legacy in transactional analysis of overinvesting in change and the analysis or avoidance of games can lead to a foreclosure of important emergent processes in psychotherapy. The authors do not advocate a preferred way of working with games, recognizing that offering an antithesis often leads to establishing further doctrine. Instead, they describe two ways of understanding clients’ need to maintain equilibrium and relate this to game theory. They explore the dialectic between interpersonal analysis of games and the value of giving more space to clients’ intrapsychic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on and provides guidance for younger practitioners on the earliest stage of a therapeutic relationship, drawing on his own experience and modern analytic theories and techniques of resistance analysis. He provides examples of brief exchanges he has had with patients and refers to both modern analytic literature and Freud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]