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Purpose: This paper aims to probe the prevailing belief that engaging in innovative work behavior (IWB) will invariably lead to favorable outcomes. To do so, the paper integrates followership theory and cognitive dissonance theory to investigate the connection between employees' IWB and despotic leadership, and the mediating role of interpersonal conflict with the supervisor in this connection. Moreover, the moderating impact of the supervisor's dispositional resistance to change trait on the direct and indirect relationship between IWB and despotic leadership is explored. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected through a multi-wave survey of 350 employees and 81 supervisors working in 81 public schools. Findings: The findings show that IWB has a positive and significant relationship with despotic leadership, and this relationship is mediated by interpersonal conflict with the supervisor. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the link between IWB and despotic leadership via interpersonal/dyadic conflict and explores the moderating effect of leadership dispositional resistance to change trait in this indirect relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the evidence supporting reciprocal peer observation (RPO) for teacher professional development, extant literature has reported that teacher resistance is a barrier to its implementation. Few studies have analysed the variables that moderate resistance to RPO. Based on data from 394 in‐service teachers who participated in an RPO intervention, three aims are addressed: (1) to examine pretest‐posttest differences in resistance to RPO, (2) to analyse the effect of demographic variables and perception of school support in initial resistance to RPO, and (3) to analyse the effect of demographic variables and perception of school support and role performance in final resistance to RPO, after controlling for initial resistance. The Teachers' Resistance to Reciprocal Peer Observation Scale was validated and used as pretest‐posttest. Student's paired sample t‐test was carried out to compare the two scores, and linear regression was used for the second and third aim. Firstly, results show a significant decrease in resistance to RPO. Secondly, initial resistance to the observer and observee role is moderated by teaching experience and feeling properly trained, with additional variables moderating resistance towards being observed (i.e., gender, being part of the school management team, prior experience, school time arrangement). Thirdly, final resistance to both roles is moderated by initial resistance, teaching experience, and variables referring to judging oneself and the partner as capable of successfully participating in the intervention. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed. The changes in the quality of teaching that RPO may generate are contingent on reducing teacher resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the positive correlation between mindfulness and resilience has gained visible importance. For this purpose, this study aims to increase the academic resilience and mindfulness level of vocational high school students with a low socioeconomic background, who often have lower resilience toward learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Türkiye. The study adopted an experimental research design. Before and after an eight‐session mindfulness‐based intervention, the Academic Resilience Scale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale‐Adolescent measured the levels of mindfulness awareness and academic resilience. The pretest and posttest results in control and experimental groups were analyzed in SPSS, and independent samples t‐test and analysis of covariance were conducted for data analysis. Focus‐group interviews explored possible attributions toward mindfulness awareness and academic resilience, using MAXQDA. The results revealed that there is a significant difference between the groups in terms of academic resilience, but there is no significant difference in the case of mindfulness. On the other hand, most students reported that their academic resilience increased, and they had positive attitudes toward mindfulness‐based practices. However, it was observed that their classmates' distractive and biased behaviors in the classroom setting mostly resulted in a lapse in their mindfulness. Practitioner Points: Mindfulness‐based practices could foster academic resilience in socioeconomically disadvantaged vocational high schools.Teachers should be encouraged to adopt mindfulness‐based practices throughout the term, rather than beyond immediate interventions, to achieve lasting benefits.Mindfulness‐based practices may resist change compared to academic resilience due to short program duration, inexperienced practitioners, teachers' multiple tasks, and students' difficulties in maintaining focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the determinants and benefits of cross‐sector partnerships between Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) and geographically affiliated AmericaServes Network coordination centers that address Veteran health‐related social needs. Data Sources and Setting: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with AmericaServes and VAMC staff across seven regional networks. We matched administrative data to calculate the percentage of AmericaServes referrals that were successfully resolved (i.e., requested support was provided) in each network overall and stratified by whether clients were also VAMC patients. Study Design: Convergent parallel mixed‐methods study guided by Himmelman's Developmental Continuum of Change Strategies (DCCS) for interorganizational collaboration. Data Collection: Fourteen AmericaServes staff and 17 VAMC staff across seven networks were recruited using snowball sampling and interviewed between October 2021 and April 2022. Rapid qualitative analysis methods were used to characterize the extent and determinants of VAMC participation in networks. Principal Findings: On the DCCS continuum of participation, three networks were classified as networking, two as coordinating, one as cooperating, and one as collaborating. Barriers to moving from networking to collaborating included bureaucratic resistance to change, VAMC leadership buy‐in, and not having VAMCs staff use the shared technology platform. Facilitators included ongoing communication, a shared mission of serving Veterans, and having designated points‐of‐contact between organizations. The percentage of referrals that were successfully resolved was lowest in networks engaged in networking (65.3%) and highest in cooperating (85.6%) and collaborating (83.1%) networks. For coordinating, cooperating, and collaborating networks, successfully resolved referrals were more likely among Veterans who were also VAMC patients than among Veterans served only by AmericaServes. Conclusions: VAMCs participate in AmericaServes Networks at varying levels. When partnerships are more advanced, successful resolution of referrals is more likely, especially among Veterans who are dually served by both organizations. Although challenges to establishing partnerships exist, this study highlights effective strategies to overcome them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive problems are a salient concern for patients seeking behavioral health care in military treatment facilities. Given the substantial comorbidity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is incumbent upon military providers to collaborate effectively in the remediation of symptoms and to appreciate the efficacy of established treatment models. Cognitive symptoms may confound the efficacy of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) in a population of service members with mild TBI. This initiative is a retrospective review of group cohort case study data on active duty military patients who participated in an eight-week intensive outpatient program for PTSD as part of a performance improvement process. The goal of the performance improvement project pertained to assessing the current delivery model of group cognitive processing therapy and the likelihood of using and applying the strategies of CPT, as well as what clinical processes if any could be improved to facilitate symptom remediation. Results indicated that patients as well as clinicians benefited from feedback about the efficacy of cognitive processing therapy and the group process. Moreover, results supported the need for further interdisciplinary research and treatments that build more cognitive rehabilitation strategies into the group process to facilitate learning, rehearsal, and sustained change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water management requires the participation of individuals who still seem to be reluctant to perform water-saving behaviours. Considering their country-specific water contexts, we analyse whether individuals' water-saving behaviours depend on their resistance to change. Argentines and Spaniards (n = 1068) participated in two online surveys conducted using two panels and individuals whom interviewers recruited. Both resistance to change and perceived risk positively and significantly affect individuals' water-saving behaviours. By contrast, the country of origin does not moderate water-saving behaviours. We discuss these findings' scholarly and water policy implications at the national and supranational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral momentum theory (BMT) provides a theoretical and methodological framework for understanding how differentially maintained operant responding resists disruption. A common way to test operant resistance involves contingencies with suppressive effects, such as extinction or prefeeding. Other contingencies with known suppressive effects, such as response‐cost procedures arranged as point‐loss or increases in response force, remain untested as disruptive events within the BMT framework. In the present set of three experiments, responding of humans was maintained by point accumulation programmed according to a multiple variable‐interval (VI) VI schedule with different reinforcement rates in either of two components. Subsequently, subtracting a point following each response (Experiment 1) or increasing the force required for the response to be registered (Experiments 2 and 3 decreased response rates, but responding was less disrupted in the component associated with the higher reinforcement rate. The point‐loss contingency and increased response force similarly affected response rates by suppressing responding and human persistence, replicating previous findings with humans and nonhuman animals when other types of disruptive events (e.g., extinction and prefeeding) were investigated. The present findings moreover extend the generality of the effects of reinforcement rate on persistence, and thus BMT, extending the analysis of resistance to two well‐known manipulations used to reduce responding in the experimental analysis of behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to organizational change is considered a primary reason that organizational change initiatives fail. New ways of thinking about resistance to change are needed to improve the probability of organizational change success. This manuscript presents a newly constructed conceptual model that captures and explains human reaction to organizational change in all its complexity--the Reaction to Organizational Change System (ROCS). The system is comprised of two subsystems. The external subsystem includes three mechanisms that provide the conditions of the change: change composition, change strategy, and change field. The internal subsystem interprets the change conditions and reacts to the change multidimensionally across cognitive, affective, intentional, and behavioral dimensions. Following a detailed explanation of the two subsystems, this paper discusses how reaction to change develops through the interaction of the internal and external subsystems. The ROCS provides practical guidance for those who desire to be more effective organizational change agents and a research framework for those who desire to investigate resistance to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the BDA dynamics and explore the associated applications in renewable energy sector with a focus on data-driven innovation. Our study draws on the exponential growth of renewable energy initiatives over the last decades and on the paucity of literature to illustrate the use of BDA in the energy industry. We conduct a qualitative field study in the UK with stakeholder interviews and analyse our results using thematic analysis. Our findings indicate that no matter if the importance of the energy sector for 'people's well-being, industrial competitiveness, and societal advancement, old fashioned approaches to analytics for organisational processes are currently applied widely within the energy sector. These are triggered by resistance to change and insufficient organisational knowledge about BDA, hindering innovation opportunities. Furthermore, for energy organisations to integrate BDA approaches, they need to deal with challenges such as training employees on BDA and the associated costs. Overall, our study provides insights from practitioners about adopting BDA innovations in the renewable energy sector to inform decision-makers and provide recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As big data becomes more publicly accessible, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly available and applicable to problems around clinical decision‐making. Yet the adoption of AI technology in healthcare lags well behind other industries. The gap between what technology could do, and what technology is actually being used for is rapidly widening. While many solutions are proposed to address this gap, clinician resistance to the adoption of AI remains high. To aid with change, we propose facilitating clinician decisions through technology by seamlessly weaving what we call 'invisible AI' into existing clinician workflows, rather than sequencing new steps into clinical processes. We explore evidence from the change management and human factors literature to conceptualize a new approach to AI implementation in health organizations. We discuss challenges and provide recommendations for organizations to employ this strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In viscous dynamics, velocity is proportional to the force. An ideal memristor is a device whose resistance changes at a rate proportional to the driving input. We present a proof-of-principle demonstration of the connection between viscous dynamics and memristive functionality by utilizing a thin-film ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayer, where viscous magnetization dynamics results from the frustration at the magnetic interface, and driving is provided by an external magnetic field. Thanks to the atomic scale of frustration effects, the presented approach is amenable to downscaling. It can also be adapted for electronic driving by spin torque, making it attractive for applications in neuromorphic circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Consumer switching behavior was one of the expected outcomes of the ongoing competitive reform in the European electricity industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the intention of consumers to switch from their incumbent supplier, who has a strong market position. This article follows the trend of describing and analyzing the situation of incumbent energy suppliers after energy market liberalization. (2) Methods: The research goal was to verify seven research hypotheses regarding switching intentions on the Polish energy market. For this purpose, structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS 29 was conducted. The survey was carried out in 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Poland, and the research sample consisted of 1216 adults (clients of the incumbent supplier). (3) Results: Special attention was given to customers' resistance to change, as it was found to be a factor that can impact customers' decisions to switch, both directly and indirectly. Resistance to change can affect the trust that customers have in their current supplier's brand, their perception of the costs involved in switching, and their intention to switch. The research also highlighted the importance of brand trust and perceived ease of change in the customers' decision-making process. (4) Conclusions: An important factor that reduces switching behavior is the customer's resistance to change; brand trust is a valuable asset that also reduces switching intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The workforce in almost all organizations is made up of several generations of employees who have different experiences and values. Generational diversity can bring heterogeneity to the workplace, but also lead to conflicts and a number of workplace complications. All this happens when employees belonging to different generations have to work together. That is why quality management of different generations is important. The fact is that stereotypes and beliefs are present and they lead to side effects not only on evaluators and decision makers of organizations, but also on employees. Based on the research done for the needs of this paper, we created models for the abilities of employees classified according to the age group they belong to and their tendency to learn and develop in organizations. From the created models, it can be determined that older employees are perceived as relatively inflexible and employees who resist changes and are less prepared for training. In contrast, their younger colleagues are perceived contrary to what is observed as a characteristic of older employees. This paper highlights the importance of investing in continuous learning and development for employees as modern models for managing different generations of employees. The research done in this paper aims to prove the connection between management models with different generations of employees in organizations in the Republic of North Macedonia and the level of productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In a competition for scarce resources, higher education institutions in developing countries have lost to other priorities. The article examines specific barriers to innovation in the higher education context. A thorough understanding and removal of these impediments paves a way to innovation in developing countries, specifically Zimbabwe. Objectives: Firstly, the study sought to evaluate the barriers to innovation in higher education and secondly recommend strategies to improve the innovation capabilities of the institutions. Method: A survey strategy was adopted to collect data from 240 purposefully selected academics at four state universities in Zimbabwe with a 66.6% response rate. Results: The results indicate that the lack of funding for research is the biggest barrier to innovation in higher education with a 46% representation. Along the same spectrum, the lack of incentives is also another barrier with an account of 21% of the participants who participated. The organisational structure is also a pertinent barrier with 24% representation. Lastly, the organisational culture accounts 9% of the participants. Conclusion: Adequate resource allocation and funding is crucial to the success and transformation of the higher education system. Implementing policies that align with the strategic goals of the institutions is imperative to bring about innovation not only in Zimbabwe but also in other developing countries too. Contribution: Higher education institutions should provide adequate funding for research and reassess their organisational cultures and structures for them to be on the cutting edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistence of operant behavior when disrupted tends to be positively related to how often reinforcers were delivered in the past. Behavioral momentum theory describes this finding as the outcome of Pavlovian processes. That is, the relation between discriminative stimuli and reinforcers that were delivered in their presence strengthens behavior, thereby making it more likely to persist. If only the story were that simple. A growing number of findings challenge the basic tenets of behavioral momentum theory. Some even call into question whether Pavlovian relations contribute to persistence in the first place. In this paper, I will review behavioral momentum theory and some of the data that have been problematic for the theory. I will argue that despite these very real challenges, the theory provides important utility not only to basic analyses of response persistence but also to clinical interventions directed at long‐term reductions in problem behavior. It, for example, has set the stage for the development of alternative conceptual analyses of resistance to change, two of which will be highlighted for readers. Moreover, behavioral momentum theory may tell us something important about the reasons it continues to have an influence on the field, despite the challenging data that deter it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms strive to become agile as part of their organization's transformation to face the changes spurred by the digital world. Thus, this study aims to provide new and insightful findings to assist firms in carrying out digital transformations through agility. We surveyed agility practitioners currently operating in companies undergoing or within digital transformation. Our findings suggest that agility and digital transformation are still in their early stages and that they may coexist. Moreover, the study supported that if agility is well-enabled, it can assist an organization's digital transformation by leveraging the following components, namely agile culture, collaboration, value-co-creation, experimentation, willingness to take risks, continuous improvement, and organizational learning, seizing market opportunities, competitiveness, and agile leadership. In addition, the study identified the pain points that companies encounter in this process, including employee resistance to change. Finally, the findings represent a first step toward a shared understanding of ways to carry out digital transformations through agility and serve to guide future research work while also assisting practitioners in implementing digital transformation effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OER-enabled pedagogy, one form of open pedagogy, is gaining popularity as a method for increasing student engagement and motivation. Realising the potential of this approach, however, depends on faculty implementation and reducing resistance to change. This study explores the experience of instructors during their first and second courses when facilitating OER-enabled pedagogy. Specifically, the research sought to determine how their view of the approach and teaching practices changed between classes, and if this prescribed experience increased their likelihood of using OER-enabled pedagogy in other classes. Interviews with faculty suggest that when teaching OER-enabled pedagogy for the first time, there is a lack of understanding of the value of this approach impacting their perceived mentorship of students. By the second iteration, however, instructors recognise an evolution in their view of teaching generally as well as OER-enabled pedagogy more specifically. This growth increases the quality of interaction with students and fosters broader use of open practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses (self)representations of women filmmakers active in the Swedish and Spanish film industries, looking at how "technologies of gender," as theorised by Teresa de Lauretis, work to resist change within the industry's "gender regimes" (as conceptualised by Raewyn Connell), but are also simultaneously reinvented by women film workers. Even though the gender regimes of Spain and Sweden are quite different, and despite the diversity of positions adopted by women film workers concerning cinema—as art, commodity, and socio-political technology—there are striking similarities in the obstacles faced by women in a male-dominated industry. We identify these similarities in a series of interviews with women filmmakers from both countries. What emerges as shared across both contexts is the ambivalent negotiation that women film workers have to carry out in their self-representations, when entering an industry built around a male norm. But along with these representations marked by the relation to patriarchal technologies of gender, many women creators also search for bottom-up narratives and appropriations of such technologies to construct themselves and their works outside and beyond the androcentric model of the current film industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whether patterns of self-organization in physical activity (PA) predicted long-term success in a yearlong PA intervention. Increased moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was targeted in insufficiently active adults (N = 512) via goal setting and financial reinforcement. The degree to which inverse power law distributions, which are reflective of self-organization, summarized (a) daily MVPA and (b) time elapsed between meeting daily goals (goal attainment interresponse times) was calculated. Goal attainment interresponse times were also used to calculate burstiness, the degree to which meeting daily goals clustered in time. Inverse power laws accurately summarized interresponse times, but not daily MVPA. For participants with higher levels of MVPA early in the study, burstiness in reaching goals was associated with long-term resistance to intervention, while stochasticity in meeting goals predicted receptiveness to intervention. These results suggest that burstiness may measure self-organizing resistance to change, while PA stochasticity could be a precondition for behavioral malleability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to understand the factors that influence clinician resistance to the implementation of health information technology in a mandatory setting. A survey study was conducted with 202 clinicians regarding their perceptions of the implementation of electronic medication management systems (eMMS) in an Australian hospital. The data was collected during the initial roll-out of eMMS for model validation and quantitative analysis. The overall results indicated that performance expectancy, switching costs, and facilitating conditions are direct predictors of clinician resistance, whereas effort expectancy and social influence showed indirect effects on clinician resistance through performance expectancy or switching costs. The study is among the first study that investigates passive clinician resistance to the implementation of health information technology in a health organisation. This study also focused on opposition behaviour among under-examined degrees of resistance. This study provides some insights to the hospital management on how to mitigate clinician resistance in the implementation of health information technology. Other types of clinician resistance, such as postponement and rejection, are not examined in this study. Future research on postponement behaviour and rejection behaviour is needed to have a more comprehensive view of clinician resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As in other countries, quality is becoming increasingly important in universities in Turkey. Universities carry out their activities to ensure quality assurance under the guidance of the Higher Education Quality Board (YÖKAK). The reflection of these activities on the institution requires a change in routine processes. For this change to occur, the perceptions of academics, who have an essential role in all fields in higher education institutions, about the processes are significant. The activities carried out to obtain accreditation in universities bring some changes in the processes of institutions. These changes bring some differences and additional duties in doing business for academics working in institutions. Academics are also in a critical position as they are practitioners in all main fields of activity of universities. In order to realize this change process, they need to do additional work besides their current work. Factors such as the busy working hours of academics and their attitudes towards change will likely hinder the realization of the process. Therefore within the scope of this study, the accreditation perceptions of the academicians determined as the sample, their attitudes towards the change required by the process, and the role of organizational communication in the effect of resistance to change on the perception of accreditation were analyzed. The participants comprise 122 academicians working in quality processes at two state universities. The data were obtained by applying survey questions created from 3 different scales. As a result of the analyzes made within the framework of the established PLS-SEM model, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between resistance to change and communication, between communication and perception of accreditation, between resistance to change and perception of accreditation, and in estimating the perception of accreditation of resistance to change. In this context, it was concluded that as resistance to change increases, communication decreases; as communication increases, perception of accreditation increases; as resistance to change increases, perception of accreditation decreases. Communication is moderating in estimating the effect of resistance to change and perception of accreditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People often close themselves off to novel ideas without giving them adequate consideration. By doing so, they possibly miss out on important advantages these ideas may bring. One strategy that appears to effectively reduce such resistance involves self‐affirming techniques, which aim to bolster one's self‐concept by focusing on values of the self which are unrelated to the persuasion topic. The current study focuses on a new aspect that may be essential to increase its effectiveness, so‐called "processing‐related self‐affirmations" which are related to how a person processes a message. We investigated the effect of processing‐related self‐affirmations on resistance to persuasion. Nonvegetarian participants were asked to apply a processing‐related self‐affirmation, an unrelated self‐affirmation, or no self‐affirmation before reading a scientific report about the merits of vegetarianism. Results showed participants were, depending on the weekly amount of meat consumed, more favorable toward the report after being affirmed on an unrelated value compared with participants who were not self‐affirmed, but no similar effect was found for processing‐related self‐affirmations. We cautiously show that relatedness and compatibility with the persuasion domain may not be the only factors influencing this effect, and include relatedness of self‐affirmations to the processing of the persuasive message as a possible new factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as the United States was transformed from an agrarian nation to an industrial one, significant changes in the nation's economic, social, and political structures, and the challenges that ensued, led to a multitude of diverse reform movements and a surge of regulatory measures from the federal and state governments. State governments played a particularly significant role in education reform by establishing new standards and regulations and taking steps to implement them in the nation's schools. State education officials often met with resistance to reform from the residents of small rural school districts, who had enjoyed a long history of local control and resented the state's interference. Conflict became more complicated when the residents within a rural community differed among themselves about school reform. This historical study investigates and analyses two documented disputes between the New York State Education Department and two common school districts in the Town of Conklin, Broome County, which occurred during the early 1900s. The physical condition of the schoolhouses led to both conflicts, and rural school consolidation and community infighting were additional factors that marked the second dispute. Both cases highlight the forces of local democratic governance and the central authority of the state over local schools and its role in the process of school reform. The Conklin cases are discussed and analysed within the larger contexts of localism, state-local tensions during the Progressive Era, rural school consolidation, and the reform initiatives of the New York State Education Department during this historical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology has emerged as a "disruptive innovation" that has received significant attention in academic and organizational settings. However, most of the existing research is focused on technical issues of blockchain systems, overlooking the organizational perspective. This study adopted a grounded theory to unveil the blockchain implementation process in organizations from the lens of blockchain experts. The results revealed three main categories: key activities, success factors, and challenges related to blockchain implementation in organizations, the latter being identified as the core category, along with 17 other concepts. Findings suggested that the majority of blockchain projects stop at the pilot stage and outlined organizational resistance to change as the core challenge. According to the experts, the following factors contribute to the organizational resistance to change: innovation–production gap, conservative management, and centralized mentality. The study aims to contribute to the existing blockchain literature by providing a holistic and domain‐agnostic view of the blockchain implementation process in organizational settings. This can potentially encourage the development and implementation of blockchain solutions and guide practitioners who are interested in leveraging the inherent benefits of this technology. In addition, the results are used to improve a blockchain‐enabled requirements traceability framework proposed in our previous paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design concept of microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) using the flux control (FC) effect has been proposed as a technology for hard disk drives (HDDs). In this type of MAMR, the magnetization of an in-gap device (FC device) is reversed against the gap field by spin-transfer torque, enhancing the amplitude and gradient of the recording field. In this paper, we study the magnetization dynamics of an FC device fabricated in the write gap of an HDD write head. The operation of the FC device is analyzed by measuring the temporal resistance change in the sub-nanosecond region. Reversal of the FC device becomes faster as the bias current is increased and can be completed by 0.5 ns after the transition of the write current. The experimental results are reproduced by micromagnetic simulations using a head model, confirming that the simulations correctly describe the magnetization dynamics of the actual device. The simulations show that the recording field gain by the FC device appears with little delay after the rise of the recording field and that the FC device operates effectively even at a fast write rate of approximately 3 Gbit/s. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of boosting the bias current, which can realize both fast and reliable operation of the FC device. These results indicate that the FC device operates as designed and that MAMR using the FC effect is promising for extending the recording density of HDDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study applies the principal-agent approach to explore providers' experiences before and after the introduction of performance-based financing (PBF) in Cameroon, challenges and facilitators in the implementation process, and mechanisms in place to ensure sustainability. Methods: The study was an in-depth qualitative study whose goal was to provide multiple descriptions of experiences and insights from a principal-agent analysis perspective. Purposive sampling was used to identify the key characteristics of the participants relevant to the study. A snowballing technique was used to further identify eligible participants. Only healthcare providers who were exposed to the previous system and could reflect on and provide meaningful data that captured the everyday experiences before and after the implementation of PBF were included. Data were collected from three districts in the Southwest region of Cameroon from May 2021 to August 2021. Data were transcribed and analyzed using MaxQDA. Results: A total of 17 interviews and 3 focus group discussions (24 participants) were conducted with healthcare providers and key stakeholders involved in PBF. The respondents described a range of changes that they had experienced since the introduction of PBF. Each of these changes was categorized as either positive or negative. Positive changes were framed into 14 dominant categories: motivation, negotiations, innovation, resource allocation, autonomy, decentralization, transparency, improved quality of care, separation of function, performance, equity considerations, opportunity to recruit, participation in decision-making, and improved access to and utilization of maternal health services. The main challenges (negative experiences) reported were framed into nine categories: management of change, retention issues, conflict of interest, poor understanding of the PBF concept, resistance to change, verification challenges, delays in payment of PBF incentives, data entry and documentation, and challenges in meeting the equity considerations of the poor and vulnerable. Despite the challenges, providers preferred the decentralized approach to the centralized system. Conclusion: PBF is a national strategy for achieving universal health coverage in Cameroon, and the experiences of providers provide a vital guide to refine national policy. The introduction of PBF has provided positive changes to providers' quality of care when compared to the previous system. Addressing the delays in PBF payments will help to overcome the challenges to implementation and provide opportunities for health facilities to be more efficient and improve their performance. Despite the limitations of delay in payment, PBF helps to align the incentives of the health workers (agent) with those of the Ministry of Health (principal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change is a phenomenon with which organizations constantly interact, especially if they pursue their survival. However, its implementation can give rise to conflicts within the organization when it is rejected by any of the groups that make it up. The objective of this article is to make a theoretical review of organizational change and its implications, as well as its relationship with power in the organization. For this, a qualitative theoretical investigation of the documentary design type with a descriptive scope will be used. Through this research, it was found that it is possible to implement organizational change through different models and it was concluded that the implementation of change in an organization can lead to a power struggle, causing a conflict between those who seek to implement the change and those who reject it, although there are strategies to combat resistance to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main pest of shallot causing significant economic losses. The continuous use of insecticides has resulted S. exigua to develop resistant against them. This study aims to determine the level of S. exigua resistance of Nganjuk and Bantul populations against methomyl, chlorfenapyr, and emamectin benzoate and temporal resistance of S. exigua of Nganjuk population to methomyl. Nganjuk population were sampled in June, September, and December. First instar larvae from the first generation were used tested using the leaf-dipping method. Temporal resistance test was carried out using the same concentrations. The resistance ratios of Nganjuk population to the insecticides methomyl, chlorfenapyr, and emamectin benzoate were 58.8; 8.8; and 2.5 fold respectively. The LC50 values of S. exigua of Nganjuk population collected in June, September, and December were 1127.44; 50.62; and 366.76 mg [AI] liter-1, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the S. exigua of Nganjuk population was highly resistant to methomyl and its level has changed over time. Resistance management by rotating the type of insecticide is not sufficient but should also consider its change of resistance pattern over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an overview of the typical building information modelling (BIM) implementation models in Thailand and a BIM implementation guide for contractors to avoid repeating common mistakes. Generally, BIM is used to produce a three-dimensional (3D) model, update technical drawings, detect clashes, quantify take-offs and create 3D visualisations. The study revealed that the main driver for contractors to use BIM is the request by Thai private developers to use BIM in more than 60% of large projects. In addition, the present study discovered that the main barriers to the implementation of BIM are the productivity of the projects, high initial investment, lack of knowledge and information available about BIM, lack of leadership from the government to promote the change, resistance to change of practice and the long adoption period. As a result, most contractors use BIM below its potential and receive only limited benefits. This study also recommends suggestions to minimise identified barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship has charted the dramatic social impact of mining booms and busts on local communities. Yet scant research addresses how mining economies shape different professions. This article ethnographically traces the careers of a doctor, a lawyer and a journalist during Western Australia's mining boom in the early 2000s. For vocally opposing a politically popular mining operation due to public health concerns, they were subject to backlash, which led to disillusionment and career changes. Their narratives share a pivotal shift: each expert initially conceptualised their role through a welfarist, liberal-democratic lens, underpinned by a moral imperative to disrupt imbalances of power, fight injustice and 'help people'. Yet the mining boom revealed and exacerbated the neoliberalisation of their respective disciplines, in which profits were maximised, businesses treated leniently and worker protections calculated dispassionately. These stories illuminate the lived experience of neoliberalisation, and the limits of individual professional resistance in a pro-mining political economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium diboride (TiB2) is a granular material with good electrical conductivity. Its electrical resistance changes significantly under the action of force. Therefore, it can be used as a variable resistor in the power field. In order to achieve this goal, TiB2 particles with a diameter of 30 μm are selected. Through experiments, the resistance of a granular system under a different material height, a different cylinder diameter, and a different force is measured. The relationship between resistance and force is analyzed. Based on the force chain network, a model of the resistance network of the granular system under constant force is established. The effect of cylinder diameter and material height on electrical resistance can be described by this model. The experimental results show the accuracy of the model. The research results of this paper can provide a basis for the application of granular material in the field of power equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense current pulses are often required to operate microelectronic and spintronic devices. Notably, strong current pulses have been shown to induce magnetoresistance changes attributed to domain reorientation in antiferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers and non-centrosymmetric antiferromagnets. In such cases, nonmagnetic resistivity changes may dominate over signatures of antiferromagnetic switching. We report systematic measurements of the current-induced changes of the transverse and longitudinal resistance of Pt and Pt/NiO layers deposited on insulating substrates, namely, Si / SiO 2 , Si / Si 3 N 4 , and Al 2 O 3. We identify the range of pulse amplitude and length that can be used without affecting the resistance and show that it increases with the device size and thermal diffusivity of the substrate. No significant difference is observed in the resistive response of Pt and NiO/Pt devices, thus precluding evidence on the switching of antiferromagnetic domains in NiO. The variation of the transverse resistance is associated to a thermally activated process in Pt that decays following a double exponential law with characteristic timescales of a few minutes to hours. We use a Wheatstone bridge model to discriminate between positive and negative resistance changes, highlighting competing annealing and electromigration effects. Depending on the training of the devices, the transverse resistance can either increase or decrease between current pulses. Furthermore, we elucidate the origin of the nonmonotonic resistance baseline, which we attribute to training effects combined with the asymmetric distribution of the current. These results provide insight into the origin of current-induced resistance changes in metal layers and a guide to minimize nonmagnetic artifacts in switching experiments of antiferromagnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the substrate effect in graphene temperature sensors. Recently, there have been many research studies done on temperature sensors using the nanofabrication technique. However, the sensitivity and response time need to be improved. In this study, we propose a new type of temperature sensor that consists of graphene and Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO). In this device, graphene and AAO are used as the sensing material and the substrate, respectively. We characterize the sensitivity and the response time using the experimental results and simulation data. The real-time resistance change of graphene is monitored depending on the temperature, and the response time is also analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics. To confirm the porous substrate effect, we compare the device performance of the AAO substrate to the performance of the glass substrate. From these results, the suspended graphene on the AAO substrate shows about two times higher sensitivity and a much faster response time than the glass substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Workers and Change in China: Resistance, Repression, Responsiveness" by Manfred Elfstrom is a comprehensive and innovative book that examines worker resistance and industrial relations in China. The author explores the state's response to labor issues and grievances, noting that while some scholars highlight the difficulties faced by Chinese workers, others argue that workers have experienced improved labor rights and benefits. The book bridges the gaps between different perspectives and provides potential avenues for future research. It focuses on the labor and social changes in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, providing case studies and theoretical frameworks to understand labor control mechanisms. The book concludes with a discussion on the role of elite politics in labor politics and its implications for the Chinese economy, society, and politics. Overall, it is a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers. [Extracted from the article]

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) film was deposited on a conductive indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer on glass by inductively-coupled-plasma (ICP)-assisted rf reactive sputtering. The VO2 film showed insulator–metal transition (IMT) with three orders of magnitude resistance change at around 78 °C. Two VO2-based layered structures (LSs) are capacitively coupled resulting in emerging self-sustaining oscillations up to 1 MHz by adjusting the series resistance and the supplied voltage. Furthermore, we observe weak, chaotic, and strong coupling modes. Our experimental results are corroborated by theoretical circuit simulations that successfully reconstruct the coupled-oscillation phenomena and clarify the mechanisms responsible for the realized synchronization modes. These results will contribute to the physics and engineering application of VO2-based coupled oscillators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, the emergence of studies concerning the resistive switching (RS) phenomenon has resulted in the finding of a large amount of materials being capable of acting as an active layer in such devices, i.e., the layer where the change in resistance takes place. Whereas the normal operation consists of the electrical readout of the modified resistance state of the device after electrical writing, electro-photonic approaches seek the involvement of light in these devices, be it either for the active Set or Reset operations or the readout. We propose in this work silicon nanocrystal multilayers (Si NC MLs) as an active material for being used in RS devices, taking advantage of their outstanding optical properties. The resistance states of Si NC MLs were obtained by electrical excitation, whose readout is carried out by electrical and electro-optical means, thanks to a distinguishable electroluminescence emission under each state. To achieve this, we report on an adequate design that combines both the Si NC MLs with ZnO as a transparent conductive oxide, whose material properties ensure the device RS performance while allowing the electro-optical characterization. Overall, such an occurrence states the demonstration of a Si NCs-based electroluminescent RS device, which paves the way for their future integration into photonic integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the wear resistance of Fe-based cladding, NbC particles with different morphology are generated in situ by adding Nb, Cr 3 C 2 and C with different content. The composition of samples and the morphology of NbC particles generated in situ are revealed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The wear resistance is studied by a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine. The wear mode and the wear mechanism of each sample are investigated. The results show that although NbC particles are generated in situ in samples with different Nb, Cr 3 C 2 and C content, the morphology of NbC particles is varied. The wear resistance of samples containing cross-shaped NbC particles is more outstanding than that of samples containing only rectangular NbC particles. In addition, changing Nb, Cr 3 C 2 and C content does not result in a change in wear mode, but leads to the formation of continuous lattice structure of Cr 0.19 Fe 0.7 Ni 0.11 and Cr 23 C 6 compounds at grain boundaries and a change in the wear resistance. When the additions of Nb, Cr 3 C 2 and C are 11.2 wt%, 8.6 wt% and 0.2 wt% respectively, the coefficient of friction of the sample is the lowest, and the wear resistance is the most outstanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite an inherent resistance to be changed, remote fear memories can be attenuated by reconsolidation-updating approaches. Reconsolidation-updating capitalizes on an etiologically relevant period of memory malleability induced by recall, which is characterized by elevated levels of neuronal plasticity. Such neuronal plasticity helps fearful memories to be updated toward safety, which has been evidenced at the level of fear circuits, engrams, and molecular changes. Therefore, treatments aimed at fostering this plasticity constitute a promising approach to support reconsolidation-updating for permanently changing remote fear memories. Traumatic events generate some of the most enduring memories, yet little is known about how long-lasting fear memories can be attenuated. In this review, we collect the surprisingly sparse evidence on remote fear memory attenuation from both animal and human research. What is becoming apparent is twofold: although remote fear memories are more resistant to change compared with recent ones, they can nevertheless be attenuated when interventions are targeted toward the period of memory malleability instigated by memory recall, the reconsolidation window. We describe the physiological mechanisms underlying remote reconsolidation-updating approaches and highlight how they can be enhanced through interventions promoting synaptic plasticity. By capitalizing on an intrinsically relevant phase of memory, reconsolidation-updating harbors the potential to permanently alter remote fear memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel analytical approach for predicting the buckling load with its mode shape of friction piles fully embedded in soil is proposed, in which the lateral subgrade and axial friction resistances change linearly. The proposed approach considers uniform rectangular piles that are either free or pinned or fixed at the pile and toe. The differential equation that governs the mode shape of the buckling pile along with the boundary conditions was analytically derived and numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta method and the Regula-Falsi method. The buckling loads of this study agreed well with those reported in the literature. The buckling behavior of piles was discussed as factors affecting the end condition, aspect ratio, subgrade ratio, friction ratio, subgrade parameter and friction parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive laboratory testing program that was conducted to evaluate the effect of variations in various asphalt mixture properties on changes in the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. To this end, a testing factorial consisting of 13 mixes and three asphalt binder content protocols, that is, optimum asphalt binder content (OAC), OAC+0.3% , and OAC−0.3% , were considered. Indirect tension asphalt cracking tests (IDEAL-CT) was conducted on the considered mixtures to examine the interaction effects between mixture characteristics and variations in the binder content on changes in cracking resistance as measured by cracking tolerance index (CTI). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the significance of the interaction effects with respect to asphalt mixture type. Regression and artificial neural network models were then developed to predict changes in CTI based on asphalt binder content variation. The results suggested that changes in CTI due to the variation in binder content were significantly influenced by reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content, mixture type, and the type of aggregate used in the production of the asphalt mixture. A good correlation was obtained between mixture characteristics and changes in the CTI values of the asphalt mixtures. The correlation results were further enhanced with the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors report a Br doping effect on the NO2 gas sensing properties of a two-dimensional (2D) SnSe2 semiconductor. Single crystalline 2D SnSe2 samples with different Br contents are grown by a simple melt-solidification method. By analyzing the structural, vibrational as well as electrical properties, it can be confirmed that the Br impurity substitutes on the Se-site in SnSe2 serving as an efficient electron donor. When we measure the change of resistance under a 20 ppm NO2 gas flow condition at room temperature, both responsivity and response time are drastically improved by Br doping from 1.02% and 23 s to 3.38% and 15 s, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that Br doping plays a key role for encouraging the charge transfer efficiency from the SnSe2 surface to the NO2 molecule by elaborating Fermi level in 2D SnSe2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex electrical structures composed of nanomaterials are widely studied in the research of nanoelectronics. Characterizing the current distribution is important to understand the current conducting mechanism and optimize the device's design. In this work, we employed the nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond as quantum sensors to directly and noninvasively monitor currents in nanowire networks. The sub-micrometer magnetic field imaging was achieved by injecting microwave current into networks and detecting the magnetic resonate spins' population, revealing the internal current paths involved in electrical conduction during electrical annealing. The establishment, breakdown, and reform of current paths were imaged in detail, which are difficult to realize through conventional methods. The mechanism of resistance change and relocating of current pathways was subsequently analyzed. This work demonstrates that a diamond-based quantum microscope is a useful tool to unveil the nanoscale conducting properties of complex conductive networks and guide the design for potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an experimental study on the resistance law of a rod vertically penetrating different kinds of multilayer granular rafts with a constant velocity so as to reveal the mechanical properties of the multilayer granular rafts. The resistance was quasi-static under the chosen velocity. Experiments were conducted with different granular thicknesses, rod diameters and combinations of particles and liquids. The study shows that the resistance–displacement relation of the rod has three smooth stages. In the first stage, the resistance rapidly increased. In the second stage, the resistance curve maintained an almost constant slope. In the third stage, the resistance smoothly changed with its slope continuously increasing. Based on the corresponding physical models for each stage, the study reveals the exponential dependence of the load-bearing capacity of the multilayer granular raft on its thickness, and clarifies the capillary effects on the resistance law. The study extends the knowledge of the granular raft from monolayer to multilayer structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giving industrial sites new life requires enabling change and overcoming change resistance. By cross-fertilizing relevant managerial and urban development literature, this study develops a theoretical and analytical framework that integrates several factors that can lead to the sustainable transformation of post-industrial sites. Case evidence collected using qualitative methods at the Great Copper Mountain WHS, Sweden, reveals a Managerial innovation model of industrial heritage regeneration which fails to fully engage the surrounding communities. This model is associated with early-stage post-industrial heritage tourism. The resistance, controversy and community misperceptions hindering the adaptive reuse of the site's industrial heritage and urban surrounds are mainly determined by institutional norms arising from the industrial monoculture. Change management entails working to dismantle lock-ins and empower change at different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PTSD symptoms are associated with difficulty regulating emotions. • Trauma survivors respond to own and partner emotional arousal during conversations. • Specific PTSD symptoms predict momentary emotion regulatory processes. • Reexperiencing symptoms predict greater emotional inertia (rigidity) • Avoidance symptoms predict quicker return to emotional equilibrium. This study investigated the associations between momentary emotion dynamics and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Using a sample of 61 couples (N = 122 individuals) in which all individuals were trauma exposed and at least one partner screened positive for PTSD, we examined the intra- and interpersonal regulation of vocally encoded emotional arousal (fundamental frequency [f 0 ]) and how these momentary emotion regulatory patterns relate to specific PTSD symptoms during two couple conversations: one designed to elicit conflict and one to elicit intimacy. PTSD symptoms were assessed using a gold standard clinical interview. In both conversations, higher reexperiencing symptoms were associated with greater emotional inertia (i.e., more resistance to change in emotional state following deviation from one's emotional equilibrium), and higher avoidance symptoms were associated with less emotional inertia (i.e., quicker return to emotional equilibrium). In the intimacy conversations, individuals also responded to their partners' arousal. Furthermore, individuals whose partners exhibited higher emotional numbing symptoms exhibited more emotional inertia, suggesting that emotion regulation may be a function of both one's own and one's partner's PTSD symptoms. Attending to the interpersonal context of emotion dynamics during PTSD treatment may enhance outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]