Search

Traditional pattern teaching is an essential part of cultivating artistic quality, which is confronted with cognitive and motivational problems of teenagers. As a teaching strategy, schema theory attaches importance to the students' knowledge construction, which can reduce the cognitive difficulties caused by the increase of knowledge difficulty. This theory is often used in traditional teaching methods. Serious game is a new carrier that has emerged in recent years, it pays attention to experience and immersion, promising to improve artistic learning and motivation. Therefore, this research attempts to extract the characteristics of schema theory to guide serious game design to learning traditional patterns. The specific objective was to investigate how schema and game were connected and explore the impact of games compared with multimedia courseware on students' performance, motivation and cognitive load. The study involved two groups of students who used serious games and multimedia courseware in the same experimental environment. The results indicated that schema can be better integrated into the game, and the game also accelerated schema construction. Moreover, the game has advantages in acquiring and retaining knowledge, optimizing intrinsic motivation and cognitive load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Prior Analytics 1.15, Aristotle attempts to give a proof through the impossible of Barbara, Celarent, Darii, and Ferio with an assertoric first premiss, a contingent second premiss, and a possible conclusion. These proofs have been controversial since antiquity. I shall show that they are valid, and that Aristotle is able to explain them by relying on two meta-syllogistic lemmas on the nature of possibility interpreted as syntactic consistency. It will turn out that Aristotle's proofs are not of the intended schemata. I shall investigate some of the results that the impact of this reconstruction on the modal syllogistic has: the relationship between Aristotle's syllogistic and the logics of relevance; the value of Aristotle's requirement that universal affirmative propositions be taken 'absolutely'; the destruction of many Aristotelian proofs; the recovery of certain principles of modal opposition from a charge of inconsistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article sketches the emergence of visual schematisms from Immanuel Kant to Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, and Jean-François Lyotard. It demonstrates the centrality of differentiation in these visual representations, as underscored by the "bar" or so-called vinculum (a mathematical term). It ultimately concludes that the weakness or dialectical contradiction of the thus differentiated entities lies in their tendency to fold back into each other, returning to the One which it was the purpose of the schematization to exclude in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argued that formal objections to the error theory overgeneralize and therefore fail. Christine Tiefensee and Gregory Wheeler deny this. We argue that they are wrong, for two reasons. The first concerns how we should adjudicate conflicts between formal and substantive commitments. The second concerns an overlooked tension between formal objections and non-error-theoretic views. Our discussion shows that the commitments behind formal objections to the error theory, such as the dual schema, should be regarded as much more contentious than is often assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the changing relationship of the present to the future from a narratological perspective. It argues that three dominant narrative schemas structure the contemporary experiences of temporality in the Western social imaginary: the modern crisis narrative, the apocalyptic narrative, and the chronic crisis narrative. In its first part, the article shows how the modern sense of crisis, which emerged in the late eighteenth century, sedimented into a powerful narrative template by knitting together the past, the present, and the future into a unified plot. The second part focuses on the resurgence of apocalyptic stories in the Western social imaginary and humanities discourse. The final part highlights the special contribution of aesthetics of precariousness to the Western imaginary of time and temporality. It argues that the "chronic crisis narrative" deflates the teleological narrative arc of the modern crisis paradigm while also shunning the end‐time discourse of the apocalyptic narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully crediting the "brain-body-narrative nexus" (Wojciehowski and Gallese 62) that shapes readers' reception, perception, and processing, this article examines A. S. Byatt's "A Stone Woman," in conjunction with current research on the "extended mind." I explore (1) how Byatt's use of sensory-motor cues agitates readers' affective schemata, (2) how this affective stimulation can influence mental responses and the reading experience, and (3) how Byatt thereby also influences attitudes toward the thematic content of the story, extending the wonder tale genre's preoccupation with personal development and aligning with philosophical traditions that encourage readers to undertake their own process of authentic becoming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay has the purpose of underlying how an analytic approach about traces, marks and footprints is an important contribution to sociology at digital era. To achieve this goal, the essay takes the central idea of the book "What People Leave Behind Marks, Traces, Footprints and their Relevance to Knowledge Society", like sources to show a first presentation of a sociology of vestiges to elaborate one vision of experience in the sociology of emotions endeavours. We have followed the ideas of this book as an open door to understand how absences, symptoms and messages are the possibility of constitution a sociology of vestige in a digital world. The main argumentative structure is (a) we briefly present the place of trace on social analysis, (b) the epistemic power of etymology of the terms is synthesized, (c) we show the use of traces in classical social research, (d) vestiges as absences, symptoms and messages are schematized, and finally a door towards a sociology of experience through vestiges is open. This essay is an opportunity to draw attention to the importance of elaborating an analysis of the vestiges to understand the human experience in the framework of a sociology on digital emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the Schematism chapter of the Critique of Pure Reason is to solve the problem posed by the "inhomogeneity" of intuitions and categories: the sensible properties of objects represented in intuition are of a different kind than the properties represented by categories. Kant's solution is to introduce what he calls "transcendental schemata," which mediate the subsumption of objects under categories. I reconstruct Kant's solution in terms of two substantive premises, which I call Subsumption Sufficiency (i.e., that subsuming an object under a transcendental schema is sufficient to subsume it under the corresponding category) and Real Possibility (i.e., that it is really possible to subsume objects under each of the transcendental schemata). These two principles, together with a trivial modal one (the Subsumption‐Possibility Link), entail that it is possible to subsume objects under categories; in other words, the argument of the Schematism is valid. The main work of the paper consists in reconstructing Kant's arguments for, and explanations of, these premises. I argue that they hinge on Kant's claim that transcendental schemata are "time‐determinations," which I interpret to mean: rules for reflexively representing the temporal relations among our own representational states. On the basis of this reading, I reconstruct Kant's argument for Subsumption Sufficiency, category by category. I also explain why Real Possibility follows almost immediately. Granting Kant the argument up to this point in the Critique, the argument of the Schematism is sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temple schematics in the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS), that is, New Jerusalem and Temple Scroll, has often been comparatively examined with the sanctuary structures in the Hebrew Bible (HB) (Ezk 40–48 and Num 2). Typically, in scholarship, the irreconcilable differences between all accounts (regarding the size, shape, name-gate ordering, etc.) is underscored, thus rendering a literary conundrum. This article argues that New Jerusalem and Temple Scroll drew from both Ezekiel 40–48 and Numbers 2 in different ways, purporting the sect(s)’s theologies and ideologies which accords, further, with the life setting of the Qumran communities; the influence of Numbers in the DSS is underscored. These aspects include (1) the eastern orientation of sacred structures and the compound at Khirbet Qumran, (2) the precise locale of the communities at the Dead Sea vis-à-vis Ezekiel 47 and (3) the desert encampment configuration together with its militaristic overtones in Numbers, which corresponds to the DSS sect(s)’s apocalyptic expectations as indicated in the War Scroll. Consequently, the Qumran sect(s) truly saw itself as an alternative priesthood of the forthcoming restored temple of God, even as in the interim they functioned as an alternative sanctuary (4QFlor; 4QMMT; 1QS). The import of Numbers upon the DSS sect(s)’s temple ideologies and priestly theologies is, therefore, equivalent to that of Ezekiel. Contribution: This article traces theological themes of temple and priestly ideologies between and among the Qumran literature and Hebrew Scriptures; both the respective library or canon and methodological approach are core to the historical thought’s aim and scope of HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2010s and 2020s have been readily identified as periods of considerable disjuncture and political disruption at the level of the global states system. Many point to observations of a relative rise in certain ideational conceptual categories, such as "illiberalism" or "populism," or regime concepts such as "authoritarianism" to explain these patterns of breakdown and system-level uncertainty. While this scholarly approach has much to recommend itself, in the end a great deal of academic usage suffers from a poor understanding of what these conceptual categories entail and consist of, their application across states, and their interaction with seemingly antithetical concepts such as "liberalism" or "democracy" itself. This article presents a critical schematic approach to the application of these conceptual tools in the scholarly analysis of the current international system and its discontents. In doing so, it argues that the concepts of "illiberalism" and "authoritarianism," in particular, are vulnerable to conceptual misuse, and that this misuse leads to sometimes-unintended ontological assumptions about the global states system-such as "authoritarian internationals" and "illiberal waves"-that may be empirically and functionally untenable, or otherwise misleading, although context and close case analysis ultimately determines their relevance beyond description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cook regards Sorenson's so-called 'the no-no paradox' as only a kind of 'meta-paradox' or 'quasi-paradox' because the symmetry principle that Sorenson imposes on the paradox is meta-theoretic. He rebuilds this paradox at the object-language level by replacing the symmetry principle with some 'background principles governing the truth predicate'. He thus argues that the no-no paradox is a 'new type of paradox' in that its paradoxicality depends on these principles. This paper shows that any theory (not necessarily meeting Cook's background principles) is inconsistent with the T-schema instances for the no-no sentences, plus the T-schema instance for a Curry sentence associated with the symmetry of the no-no sentences. It turns out that the no-no paradox still depends on the problematic instances of the T-schema in a way that the liar paradox does. What distinguishes the no-no paradox is the T-schema instance for the above Curry sentence, which encodes Sorensen's symmetry principle at the object-language level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Phenomenological Reading. In this article I will present a working hypothesis that combines Edmund Husserl's and Immanuel Kant's stances on the dimension of the transcendental schema. I will offer a reading that, based on the interpretative proposal of the Argentinian philosopher Martín Arias Albisu, will show how schemata, understood as schema-procedure and schema-product, exhibit a certain similarity to the work that Husserl presented in Philosophy of Arithmetic. In other words, I will describe, on the one hand, how the schema-procedure functions as a representation that encompasses the successive addition that constitutes the unity of one to one, while, on the other hand, the schema-product synthesizes (phenomenologically) empirical multiplicity, i.e., it generates a phenomenal order in accordance with understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nietzsche sometimes praises the drive to order—to simplify, organize, and draw clear boundaries—as expressive of a vital “classical” style, or an Apollonian artistic drive to calmly contemplate forms displaying “epic definiteness and clarity.” But he also sometimes harshly criticizes order, as in the pathological dialectics or “logical schematism” that he associates paradigmatically with Socrates. I challenge a tradition that interprets Socratism as an especially one-sided expression of, or restricted form of attention to, the Apollonian: they are more radically disparate. Beyond strengthening the case for this basic point, I develop a distinctive account of what, exactly, distinguishes the Apollonianclassical and Socratic forms of order. To this end, I advance interrelated interpretations of Apollonian-classical simplicity and the “cold” calm that it elicits, by contrast to superficially similar Socratic phenomena. This illuminates Nietzsche’s broader ambivalence toward science, in part by clarifying the nature and value of an idealized Apollonian science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argumentation research often addresses the nature of argumentation as a complex set of procedures that can aid learning of complex scientific knowledge and practices. Thus, studies might look at transfer of knowledge and processes to specific science domains or to other types of procedural knowledge, such as teacher implementation in the elementary classroom or attention to argumentation procedures. This study explored the extent of transfer of the procedures and knowledge of argumentation to preservice teachers' lesson plans. Participants were four African American female preservice graduate students enrolled in an elementary science methods course. The students engaged in argumentation exercises in science from segments of the IDEAS project [Osborne, J., Erduran, S., & Simon, S. (2004). Ideas, evidence and argument in science (IDEAS) project. University of London Press], then participated in a socioscientific crime scene investigation. Students' capstone unit plans were analysed to explore the extent of transfer of argumentation knowledge and procedures to students' lessons. Schema theory as an analytic framework shows the nature of psychological and architectural features consistent with students' abstractions and attention to argumentation. The research has implications for understanding the importance of considering transfer of learning in relation to students' prior knowledge, especially when it comes to understanding the connections that African American students make to science pedagogy and content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I say something about the relationship of Finnis's work in ethics to my own, then summarise and criticise Finnis's new natural law theory. My own view is an anti-theoretical view: there is no reason to expect any neatly systematic ethical theory to be true just because it is neatly systematic. The doubts that naturally arise about new natural law theory are mostly of this nature: they are based on suspicion of schematisms. I close with some positive suggestions about resources for ethics, in particular «the common understanding of humanity». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robert Musil characterizes the moment of modernity that is the historical setting of his novel The Man without Qualities with the expression "Seinesgleichen geschieht," which he glosses by explaining that the present lacks determinacy and as a result remains unsurveyable (unübersichtlich). This characterization raises the question of how the novel is able to give rise to an understanding of the historical moment that is one object of its narration. Literature attempting to represent the un‐representable is the fundamental form of the problematic called Romanticism, which offers conceptual resources for understanding how Musil goes about narrating an unnarratable present. One of the pivots on which early German Romanticism turns away from transcendental philosophy involves assimilating the Kantian notion of "schematism" to the particular functioning of language Novalis and Schlegel call "Poesie." Schematism is also found working in the narrative technique of Musil's novel. In the sense that schematism names the inscription of relations by which, in the absence of any representable object, the world becomes the world‐for‐us and therefore intelligible, this inscription—this schematism—is the "writing" of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper takes its point of departure in risk being a relevant content for science education, and that there are many different approaches to how to incorporate it. By reviewing the academic literature on the use and definitions of risk from fields such as engineering, linguistics and philosophy, we identified key elements of the risk concept relevant for science education. Risk is a phenomenon of the future that may be conveyed by our activity, it is something that may or may not take place. Hence, at the core of risk we find uncertainty and consequence. Furthermore, the elements of probability and severity are relevant modifiers of the consequence, as well as both subject to uncertainty. Additionally, in framing, understanding and decision-making on risk, as individuals or society, we need to acknowledge that risk has both objective and subjective components, lying in the interface between knowledge and values. In this paper, we describe how these key elements were derived from the literature and derive a schematic model of the risk concept for the purpose of science education. We further discuss how this model may assist in planning, execution and evaluation of teaching activities explicitly or implicitly involving risk issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges a standard interpretation according to which Frege's conception of logic (early and late) is at odds with the contemporary one, because on the latter's view logic is formal, while on Frege's view it is not, given that logic's subject matter is reality's most general features. I argue that Frege -- in Begriffsschrift -- retained the idea that logic is formal; Frege sees logic as providing the 'logical cement' that ties up together the contentful concepts of specific sciences, not the most general truths. Finally, I discuss how Frege conceives of the application of Begriffsschrift, and of its status as a 'lingua characteristica'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I defend the traditional interpretations of Kant's Formula of a Law of Nature from recent attacks levelled by Faviola Rivera-Castro, James Furner, Ido Geiger, Pauline Kleingeld and Sven Nyholm. After a short introduction, the article is divided into four main sections. In the first, I set out the basics of the three traditional interpretations, the Logical Contradiction Interpretation, the Practical Contradiction Interpretation and the Teleological Contradiction Interpretation. In the second, I examine the work of Geiger, Kleingeld and Nyholm: these three commentators reject the traditional interpretations entirely, but I argue that this rejection is ill-founded. In the third and fourth, I take a detailed look at Furner's work, work in which he seeks to revise (rather than reject) the traditional interpretations. I argue that, despite his more modest aims, Furner's revision is also ill-founded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept cells in the human hippocampus encode the meaning conveyed by stimuli over their perceptual aspects. Here we investigate whether analogous cells in the macaque can form conceptual schemas of spatial environments. Each day, monkeys were presented with a familiar and a novel virtual maze, sharing a common schema but differing by surface features (landmarks). In both environments, animals searched for a hidden reward goal only defined in relation to landmarks. With learning, many neurons developed a firing map integrating goal-centered and task-related information of the novel maze that matched that for the familiar maze. Thus, these hippocampal cells abstract the spatial concepts from the superficial details of the environment and encode space into a schema-like representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Aristotle's homonymy principle, when we use a common name to refer to wholes and parts that lack the capacity to carry out the function (ergon) signified by the name, we are using the name in a homonymous way. For example, pictures and statues of a man, or a dead eye, are called "man" and "eye" only homonymously because they cannot carry out their proper function, i.e., to live and to see. This principle serves well Aristotle's purposes in natural philosophy, for it avoids a reduction of the essence of living bodies and their parts to their material composition and shape. This principle, however, leaves unexplained why we still use those names in common language, despite their homonymy. Using Aristotle's own comments on homonymy, I will examine the role played by external figure (schêma), for it explains why such homonyms are not accidental. In fact, they are correct forms of linguistic usage in non-philosophical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents results of experiments undertaken with expert musicians using the author's original system for systemic improvisation. By promoting the formation of parallel and simultaneous layers of sustained musical relationships, this system facilitates an enhanced focus on local clusters and their development over time. This tool opens a novel perspective on improvised interactions and how they are formed, evaluated, updated, modified and abandoned during a performance, encouraging a critical evaluation of collective schemata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an analysis of "Deh vieni non tardar,"Susanna's last aria in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro. The aria stages a diegetic performance in which Susanna serenades an absent beloved while Figaro eavesdrops, but the aria is not simply a facsimile of Susanna's performance. Instead, the music scripts a shift of the audience's perspective, moving from a quasi-literal representation of the performance to a depiction of Susanna's affective experience of performing. This shift in perspective realigns how different musical parameters collaborate to produce meaning. Observations from disparate domains coalesce into an interpretation of the aria. The analysis engages with musical details by starting from hypotheses about what the piece is (serenade or psychologizing aria), what it does (deliver text or embody expressive action), and how its musical features afford those identities. The central analytical questions are what genre "Deh vieni"belongs to and how its features serve the functions of that genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Kant posits the schema as a hybrid bridging the generality of pure concepts and the particularity of sensible intuitions. However, I argue that countenancing such schemata leads to a third‐man regress. Siding with those who think that the mid‐way posit of the Critique of Pure Reason's schematism section is untenable, my diagnosis is that Kant's transcendental inquiry goes awry because it attempts to analyse a form/matter union that is primitive. I therefore sketch a nonrepresentational stance aimed at respecting this primitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Glauben und Wissen, Hegel criticizes Kant for drawing a deep division between sensibility and understanding. Hegel suggests that Kant's faculty of productive imagination is a step toward uniting intuition and concept in an original unity out of which the two arise, but this requires him to treat the productive imagination in ways Kant would not approve. I argue that Kant's doctrine of the schematism offers an advance on the productive imagination when it comes to solving the intuition/concept dualism Hegel critiques, although there remain serious problems with which Hegel would take issue. Although the schematism might answer some of the criticisms Hegel aims at the intuition/concept dualism, it does not solve the related problem Hegel finds in Kant, namely the dualism of cognition and thing-in-itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the possibility of reproducing river runoff with making use of the land surface model Soil Water-Atmosphere-Plants (SWAP) and information based on global data sets 11 river basins suggested within the framework of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project and located in various regions of the globe under a wide variety of natural conditions were used. Schematization of each basin as a set of 0.5° × 0.5° computational grid cells connected by a river network was carried out. Input data including atmospheric forcing data and land surface parameters based, respectively, on the global WATCH and ECOCLIMAP data sets were prepared for each grid cell. Simulations of river runoff performed by SWAP with a priori input data showed poor agreement with observations. Optimization of a number of model parameters substantially improved the results. The obtained results confirm the universal character of SWAP. Natural uncertainty of river runoff caused by weather noise was estimated and analysed. It can be treated as the lowest limit of predictability of river runoff. It was shown that differences in runoff uncertainties obtained for different rivers depend greatly on natural conditions of a river basin, in particular, on the ratio of deterministic and random components of the river runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native advertising is among the most ethically charged strategies of digital communications. The ethical controversies are inherent in native advertising’s definition—paid advertising that is disguised to make readers think it is editorial content of digital publishers. Drawing on moral philosophy, the persuasion knowledge model, the social responsibility of the press theory, schema theory, and psychological reactance theory, this project demonstrated that consumers’ perceptions of native advertising’s deceptiveness increased advertising skepticism, irritation, and avoidance. In contrast, higher media trust resulted in lower perceived deceptiveness, skepticism, irritation, and avoidance. Thus, advertisers and online publishers will benefit from explicit disclosure of sponsorship that is responsible and transparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embodied image schemas are central to experientialist accounts of meaning-making. Research from several disciplines has evidenced their pervasiveness in motivating form and meaning in both literal and figurative expressions across diverse semiotic systems and art forms (e.g., Gibbs and Colston; Hampe; Johnson; Lakoff; and Mandler). This paper aims to highlight structural similarities between, on the one hand, dynamic image schemas and force schemas and, on the other, hand shapes and gestural movements. Such flexible correspondences between conceptual and gestural schematicity are assumed to partly stem from experiential bases shared by incrementally internalized conceptual structures and the repeated gestural (re-) enacting of bodily actions as well as more abstract semantic primitives (Lakoff). Gestures typically consist of evanescent, metonymically reduced hand configurations, motion onsets, or movement traces that minimally suggest, for instance, a PATH, the idea of CONTAINMENT, an IN-OUT spatial relation, or the momentary loss of emotional BALANCE. So, while physical in nature, gestures often emerge as rather schematic gestalts that, as such, have the capacity to vividly convey essential semantic and pragmatic aspects of high relevance to the speaker. It is further argued that gesturally instantiated image schemas and force dynamics are inherently meaningful structures that typically underlie more complex semantic and pragmatic processes involving, for instance, metonymy, metaphor, and frames. First, I discuss previous work on how image schemas, force gestalts, and mimetic schemas may underpin hand gestures and body postures. Drawing on Gibbs' dynamic systems account of image schemas, I then introduce an array of tendencies in gestural image schema enactments: body-inherent/self-oriented (body as image-schematic structure; forces acting upon the body); environment-oriented (material culture including spatial structures), and interlocutor-oriented (intersubjective understanding). Adopting a dynamic systems perspective (e.g.,Thompson and Varela) thus puts the focus on how image schemas and force gestalts that operate in gesture may function as cognitive-semiotic organizing principles that underpin a) the physical and cognitive self-regulation of speakers; b) how they interact with the (virtual) environment while talking; and c) intersub-T3 jective instances of resonance and understanding between interlocutors or between an artwork and its beholder. Examples of these patterns are enriched by video and motion-capture data, showing how numeric kinetic data ogi allow one to measure the temporal and spatial dimensions of gestural articulations and to visualize movement traces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a corpus-based comparative analysis of aspects of the evolution of the terms plirono and pay in Greek and English, respectively, both meaning PAY. It is based on a manual coding of the extant instances of the Greek verb from 6th c. BCE to 3rd c. CE, and 340 instances of the English verb from 13th c. to 15th c. CE. It is grounded on the hypothesis that the image-schematic gestalts immanent to the conceptualisations of linguistically coded terms are preserved through semantic extension, otherwise known as invariance principle . It identifies and compares some constraints that the distinct image-schematic origins of plirono and pay have imposed onto the semantic evolution of the terms. It is argued that the image-schemas underlying the conceptual constitution of them are these of CONTAINER and BALANCE, respectively. Consequently, a comparison follows between the terms, regarding two aspects: the semantic listing of elements within their frame-semantic structure, on the one hand, and the grammatically expressed constructional encoding of these elements, on the other. Subsequently, some asymmetries found between the terms’ constructional paradigms are related to the constraints imposed on their evolutionary paths by the underlying image-schematic structure. Conclusively, it is shown that, although the situational ontologies may appear identical in terms of the semantic listing of their frame-semantic elements, the perspectival construal over these ontologies is distinct. Entrenched grammatical realisation constitutes a second level of perspectivisation over the conceptual make-up of a frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mou Zongsan's philosophical Confucianism adopts the originally Buddhist figure of a perfect teaching (yuanjiao 圓教). This essay investigates Mou's adoption of this concept, showing why Mou thinks it provides a possibility to conceive the essential meaning of moral practice. The rhetoric of the perfect teaching is assumed to warrant its irrefutability and hence underlines, by its very form, the incommunicability of the content of Mou's philosophy allegedly disclosed to the moral subject in an intimate experience of "intellectual intuition." Although Mou's blending of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Kantianism becomes traceable, the application of the schema of the perfect teaching on Kantianism in Mou's intended sense remains problematic. The essay closes with a comparison of Mou's philosophical reconstruction of Confucianism with Hegel's justification of Christian faith and an outlook sketching the author's view of how to make good sense of Mou's philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a new view of Robert Gjerdingen's galant schemata by examining underlying principles for the generation of the skeletal contrapuntal strings that may be considered their central feature. It discusses the challenges of subjectivity and circularity in finding and defining patterns and suggests that deriving the schemata from underlying principles may be a step toward validating them. Further, it highlights the significance of invertible counterpoint and explores the relations between the schemata's soprano skeletons and the Rule of the Octave, which is presumably a learned model or historical schema. When galant schemata are reconstructed as responses to input from the Rule of the Octave, top-down constraints are revealed. These constraints limit the choice of local soprano strings, relating the schemata to aspects of formal function. The article also speculates on connections between schematic skeletons and statistical learning research. Finally, it offers an analytical application to the opening phrase of Mozart's aria "Dies Bildnis ist bezaubernd schön," which is briefly compared to Niccolò Piccinni's "Una povera ragazza." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kant suggests that moral metaphysics can be shown to be politically applicable by thinking of the analogically similar applicability of the principles of speculative reason to the external world of sense experience. Just as the categories of understanding, e.g., causality, substance, and so on must be schematized, i.e., given a temporal representation in order to be made applicable to the forms of sensuous intuitions, so also the principles of morality--most especially the idea of the autonomous will--must be schematized to be made politically applicable. The paper shows how Kant employs his schematism in metaphysics to make the principles of morality applicable to political experience and concludes with observations on the moral and political implications of a politics that pays homage to Kantian morality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the metaphysics of conceptual schemata. It mentions descriptive metaphysics has been satisfied with describing the real structure of our thinking about the world, while revisionary metaphysics is concerned with creating a better structure, along with the works of Peter Frederick Strawson.

In a Special Issue of Discourse Studies (2016) titled ‘The Epistemics of Epistemics’, contributing authors criticize Heritage’s research on participants’ orientations to, and management of, the distribution of (rights to) knowledge in conversation. These authors claim (a) that the analytic framework Heritage (and I) developed for analyzing epistemic phenomena privileges the analysts’ over the participants’ point of view, and (b) rejects standard methods of conversation analysis (CA); (c) that (a) and (b) are adopted in developing and defending the use of abstract analytic schemata that offer little purchase on either the specific actions speakers accomplish or the understanding others display of them; and (d) that, by virtue of these deficiencies, claims about the systematic relevance of epistemic phenomena for talk-in-interaction breach long-standing norms regarding the relationship between data analysis and generalizing claims. Using a collection of excerpts bearing on the import of epistemics for action formation and action sequencing, I demonstrate that these claims are patently false and suggest that they reflect the authors’ effort to recast CA as a kind of fundamentalist enterprise. I then consider excerpts from a second collection (of occasions involving the pursuit of one party’s ‘suspicions’ about another’s alleged misdeeds) to illustrate how the form of social organization described by Heritage can be used to explicate other phenomena that depend on systematic alterations to its basic features. In conclusion, I suggest that CA’s success in enhancing our grasp of the organization of talk-in-interaction derives from its unique commitment to both generalization and context specificity, collections and single cases, findings plus a continual openness to the ‘something more’ that each particular case can provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hermeneutic dimension of the lived experiences has been approached from an analytical reduction that temporarily and spatially suspends the characterization of narrative agent. Narrative rationality could offer a dynamic structure in the configuration of the identity of the narrative agent, as well as formative possibilities that extend its domains of meaning and action. The article of reflection presents structural elements of the narrative to characterize the narrative agent. Schematism, tradition and triple mimesis, as a basis for the configuration of stories that reveal the characteristic identity of the narrative agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Avoidant personality disorder (APD) is among the most prevalent personality disorders, but has received relatively little empirical attention. This study aims to characterize the frequency, intensity, and fluctuation patterns seen in the modes (self-states) of APD clients over the course of schema therapy (ST), a psychotherapy approach developed especially for personality disorders.Method: The newly-developed client mode rating scale (CMRS) was used to code every 5-min segment (n = 645) of 60 ST sessions. Each segment was coded by two independent raters, achieving adequate reliability.Results: The avoidant/detached mode was present in 74% of therapy segments and was the most intense and unstable mode; the vulnerable child mode was present in 58% of segments and was the second most intense and unstable mode; the dysfunctional parent mode was present in 40% of segments, and was the third most intense and unstable mode; the over-compensator, compliant-surrenderer, and healthy adult modes were present in around 33% of segments, but the healthy adult mode was significantly more stable than all others.Limitations: Although 645 segments were coded, they were drawn from only 15 APD clients with no control group. Further studies are needed to established specificity to APD.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the utility of the mode concept as a lexicon for capturing personality states and their instability. It highlights the use of in-session segment-by-segment ratings to assess client change within psychotherapy. Although DSM5 fails to address instability as a criterion for avoidant personality disorder, the APD clients in the current study were characterized by considerable mode instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and demonstrates a named entity similarity metric developed for, and currently in use by, the FuzzyPhoto project. The presented metric is effective at comparing named entity data in and across syntaxless data schemas such as are often encountered in Gallery, Library, Archive, and Museum collections. The efficiency of the approach was compared to an existing named entity similarity metric and is shown to be a significant improvement when comparing messy named entity data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a semantic study in multi-relational semantics of quantified N-Monotonic modal logics with varying domains with and without the identity symbol. We identify conditions on frames to characterise Barcan and Ghilardi schemata and present some related completeness results. The characterisation of Barcan schemata in multi-relational frames with varying domains shows the independence of BF and CBF from well-known propositional modal schemata, an independence that does not hold with constant domains. This fact was firstly suggested for classical modal systems by Stolpe ( Logic Journal of the IGPL 11(5), 557-575, 2003), but unfortunately that work used only models and not frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our paper, we present the story of emancipation of a Roma woman, who works as a social outreach worker. Our method is based on ethnographic approach and our paper focuses on the study the emic perspective of participants in our research. The aim of the paper is to show the tension arising between the actions and expectations of Alice and the actions and expectations of those who are the important others in relation to her. There are two planes present in the personal story of Alice's emancipation: the plane of Alice's agency, which is represented by actions, decisions, self-determined will, versus the plane of cultural models, schemata, roles, status positions, images that are in some way offered to Alice or even forced upon her or with which she herself identifies. We will follow the contradictory process of establishment of personal identity of a woman who takes endeavours in several social fields constantly trying to maintain the permeability of these fields and their meanings, which is not an entirely trivial matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Politicized identity, which finds expression in the law, is binary-based. In light of the role that it plays in national political and legal debates triggered by various groups challenging identity-based binaries, this article reexamines the integrity of the binary that lies at the core of how courts construe legal identity. Basic-identity binaries have and continue to play a profound role in legal thought and practice. This article thus explores the relationship and tension between law and binary-based identity signifiers. We explore the notion that the law's use of the binary-based identity signifier is premised on antiquated assumptions and simplified schemata that, to better recognize rights and apply judicial remedies and protections of individuals and groups that fall outside the binary, will perhaps require the courts to adopt a more flexible approach to identity. Politicized identity may be at the heart of contestations between those who wish to preserve and those who wish to obliterate basic binaries, but the law is a special case and will be uniquely affected by the fallout that results from this process. We thus employ case law and concepts from philosophy and legal theory to flesh out an emerging problem in the law. Our intent in this paper is to reexamine the basic binary nature of legal identity, the components and dynamics that undergird it, the consequences that result from its application, and the tensions and challenges that result from rejecting the integrity of the binary within law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the appropriate conceptual structure involved in conceptual metaphors? Various authors offer a large number of terms to discuss the issue. While domain is the most common term, many others are also used, including frame, image schema, cognitive model, idealized cognitive model, scene, schema, scenario, etc. The problem is compounded by the fact that the terms mean different things to different researchers. The main goal of the paper is to create some clarity in this terminological and theoretical confusion. I propose that conceptual metaphors simultaneously involve conceptual structures, or units, on four levels of schematicity: the level of image schemas, the level of domains, the level of frames, and the level of mental spaces. I call the resulting framework the 'multi-level view of conceptual metaphor.' The multi-level view of metaphor can provide us with insights into a number of problems that have been raised and debated in the CMT literature. I show that the study of metaphor within such a framework can legitimately be pursued on the four levels of schematicity and that no level can be singled out as the only appropriate level of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral membrane proteins (MPs) are key engineering targets due to their critical roles in regulating cell function. In engineering MPs, it can be extremely challenging to retain membrane localization capability while changing other desired properties. We have used structure-guided SCHEMA recombination to create a large set of functionally diverse chimeras from three sequence-diverse channelrhodopsins (ChRs). We chose 218 ChR chimeras from two SCHEMA libraries and assayed them for expression and plasma membrane localization in human embryonic kidney cells. The majority of the chimeras express, with 89% of the tested chimeras outperforming the lowest-expressing parent; 12% of the tested chimeras express at even higher levels than any of the parents. A significant fraction (23%) also localize to the membrane better than the lowest-performing parent ChR. Most (93%) of these well-localizing chimeras are also functional light-gated channels. Many chimeras have stronger light-activated inward currents than the three parents, and some have unique off-kinetics and spectral properties relative to the parents. An effective method for generating protein sequence and functional diversity, SCHEMA recombination can be used to gain insights into sequence–function relationships in MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the appraisal processes and personality antecedents that regulate people’s attraction to schema-violations - targets and objects that disconfirm schema- and stereotype-based expectancies. In two studies a preference for schema-violations (vs. consistencies) correlated positively with openness to experience, and negatively with the need for structure. In the second study, schema-violations were seen as more surprising (by all individuals), decreasing intentions to approach schema-violations, but were also seen as more interesting (by those higher in openness to experience), increasing intentions to approach and accept schema-violations. This suggests that two opposing processes - appraisals of surprise and appraisals of interest - regulate reactions to schema-violations, and that these processes are bounded by individual differences in openness to experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces a brief history of a schema from Corelli to Mozart, here designated the Fonte-Romanesca, in order to clarify certain foundational principles in schema theory's conception of a model, particularly as it relates to the creative act. Models are not theoretical abstractions, but cultural artifacts that inform the compositional process through (near-)literal copy, (creative) imitation, variation, and problem solving--both combinatorially and developmentally. Such a re-evaluation of schema theory is simultaneously an opportunity to reflect on larger disciplinary changes surrounding the study of music from the long eighteenth century over the last few decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We empirically tested the relationship between aesthetic brands and evaluation of their accessories, and also explored the moderating roles of functional complementarity and brand schematicity on this relationship. Participants were 260 undergraduate students in Korea, who took part in an online experiment. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the evaluation of accessory products depending on the level of functional complementarity to the focal brand. Participants were significantly more likely to purchase an accessory of a high, compared to low, aesthetic brand when functional complementarity was moderate. Further, brand-schematic, compared to brand-aschematic, participants were more likely to purchase an accessory of high aesthetic brands, even when the functional complementarity was low. This demonstrates that when brand-aschematic participants acquired an aesthetically pleasing brand, they were motivated to buy additional accessories. Marketers may use our findings to develop strategies to increase the extendability of brand accessories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the use of the term schema as a mental structure of knowledge, use in in Kant's philosophical works, as an abstract representation and that provides learning and interpretations which is modified with experience and instruction. It talks about schema theory developed through accretion, tuning and restructuring, instructional technology, concept mapping as the focus of the technology and use of the term in design and learning.

Challenging the common view that categories are prior to schemata, I argue that Kant considers transcendental schemata and categories to represent different guises of the a priori rules that allow the mind to unify a manifold. Since only transcendental schemata present these rules as ways of unifying successive representations, they can be said to constitute the sensible condition of any a priori cognition of objects. I take Kant to argue, on this basis, that Wolffian metaphysics abstracted from this condition, thus unwarrantedly using categories to obtain a priori knowledge of the soul, the world as such and God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on designers' situation and a systemic model of the design situation, intended to make designers better prepared for complex design projects. Topics discussed include sensemaking in designers which must make sense of their design situations to be able to judge what is possible and desirable; U.S. philosopher John Dewey's theory of sensemaking; descriptions of the mind, including prejudices, schemata and frames; judgments and the appreciative system; and three-year design research project called the Ulstein Bridge Concept, that addressed the design of the bridge of an offshore service vessel.

One of the main characteristics of translation is that it can be called everything but stable; multiple cultural, social, political, and economic processes are reflected in translation. Postcolonial studies in translation deal with, among others, cultural and linguistic hegemonies as well as strong and weak - or central and peripheral - cultures and the relations between them. Many of the theories (Even-Zohar, 1979; Tymoczko, 1999) state that strong cultures set an example whereas weak cultures attempt at following this example, even at the cost of their own values and culture (so-called foreignization in translation). It is significant to ask oneself why such processes take place. The investigation of the pre-conceptual image schemata of CENTRE- PERIPHERY and PLUS-MINUS polarity of the SCALE sheds some light on the nature of these interactions (Krzeszowski, 1997). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]