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The dynamic relationship between horses and nomadic peoples has a long history of study within pastoralist research worldwide. In the Plains of North America, however, the story of the horse is not often considered within these discussions. This article focuses on the story of the Blackfoot people in order to move beyond description of observed impacts of the horse and toward a discussion of what these impacts mean in terms of culture change, continuity, and Indigenous resistance. Recognizing Blackfoot horse culture as a true mode of pastoralism acknowledges the complexity of Indigenous responses to Euroamerican contact while also expanding our understanding of the global development of pastoralism as a lifeway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1913 and 1916, two insurgent politicians successfully blocked repeated efforts to sell the so-called surplus lands of the Blackfeet Nation. Harry Lane, a U.S. Senator from Oregon and a radical progressive, broke with other Euro-American reformers by fighting for Native sovereignty as a guarantor of Native rights. Robert Hamilton, a Carlisleeducated Blackfeet rancher crusading against the wealthy elite of the Blackfeet Nation, used his facility with the Euro-American world to convince first Senator Lane and then the U.S. government to support some measure of justice for his people. This article explores the paradoxical origins of Lane and Hamilton’s activism and the careful tactics they used in their fights for Native American rights. The two men shared a vision of Native American modernity that combined an embrace of modern economic practice with a respect for cultural traditions; they selectively obscured the latter to pursue their political goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Blackfoot Treaty of 1855. Topics discussed include Blackfoot leaders, Washington governor Isaac Steven and Mexican War. Other topics such as Blackfoot communities, trader Alexander Culbertson and exchange-based relationships are also discussed. Indian leaders in United States are also mentioned.

Smith (2011a) proposed a model of environmental engineering which includes six discrete categories of resource management believed to be universal within small-scale, pre-industrial societies. Through examination of the resource management practices of the Kayapô in the Amazon Basin and the Blackfoot on the Northwestern Plains, this paper will test the validity of Smith's model. The evidence presented will show that, with slight variations due to differences in mobility, Smith's model is largely appropriate. Additionally, although the management and use of "wild" or semi-domesticated resources is often seen as a step on the road to agriculture, resource management and the domestication of landscape can, in fact, be a specifically chosen subsistence strategy in and of itself. This type of resource management can also continue after agriculture has been adopted by a group, particularly if wild species continue to be an important part of a group's subsistence regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented that discusses the author's father, who had thought that he was a Blackfoot Native American, along with related reading habits. Also discussed are his father's midlife crisis, his father's search for an identity, and his father's smoking habit. The essay was runner-up for the periodical's Steinberg Essay Prize.

In 1870, the United States army massacred the Blackfoot camp of Chief Heavy Runner. The author's great-great grandmother survived the Baker Massacre. In 2006, the author suffered the loss of her 22-year old daughter to suicide. "Strike Them Hard!" The Baker Massacre Play was submitted as a final project towards the fulfillment of the author's requirements for a Master of Education degree. This paper is a reflexive critique of how the telling of this story through theatre serves to validate why the arts matter to Indigenous education. It is also a testament to the healing power of Indigenous theatre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses meat preparation and consumption on the Blackfeet Reservation in northern Montana, focusing on the period 1879 to 1895. It examines the replacement of bison with beef and the construction of two slaughterhouses on the reservation. The author comments on the efforts of the U.S. Office of Indian Affairs (OIA) to assimilate Native Americans and reflects on the sale of Blackfeet labor for food rations. He also analyzes Blackfeet hunting practices and explores the U.S. government's desire to transform Blackfeet Indians from hunters into herders.

The article presents a critical analysis of the effects of depopulation of Native American tribal nations in the U.S. Northern Great Plains on the structure of their societies. An ethnographic analysis of Great Plains Indians is reviewed. The cultural aspects of European-borne communicable diseases on indigenous societies are considered, including the 1837-1838 smallpox epidemic, the 1849 cholera epidemic, and dysentery. North American Indian tribes mentioned include the Blackfoot, Arikara, and Mandan.

The article presents an examination of Glacier National Park. It discusses the history of the park and examines how humans interacted with the landscape prior to its designation as a United States national park in 1910. It discusses the presence of the Blackfeet Indians on the park's land as well as that of the Salish, Pend d'Oreille and Kootenai Indians. It examines the arrival of Euro-American fur trapping expeditions in the late 18th century and discusses the Lewis and Clark Expedition's passage through the region in 1804. It explores mining in the region, discusses the development of railroads in the late 19th century and examines conservationist George Bird Grinnell's efforts to protect the area. INSET: Private Inholdings in Glacier National Park.

The article presents an examination of the career of American painter Maynard Dixon. It focuses on his trip to Glacier National Park in 1917 at the request of the Great Northern Railroad in order to create paintings as part of an advertising campaign for the railroad. Illustrator and friend Frank B. Hoffman served as a guide on the trip along with the well-known guide Chick Grimsley. The article discusses the route that the group took through the park and explores the paintings that Dixon made featuring the Blackfeet Indians. The article discusses various paintings that Dixon produced based on the trip.

Turner Rockshelter, located on the southeast flank of central Montana's Bull Mountains, contains extensive panels of Biographic rock art showing both triangular and rectangular body style humans, mature style horses, battle pit fortifications, and a characteristic type of decorated halter. By comparison to known-age Blackfeet robe art, the images can be identified as Blackfeet and seriation dating indicates that they were most likely drawn in the 1880s. Detailed ethnohistorie records document that horse raiding during the decade of the 1880s was centered in this area of Montana with the Blackfeet and Crow as the principal protagonists. The several panels of rock art here indicate that Turner Rockshelter served as a redoubt bivouac for parties of Blackfeet horse raiders during the last years of intertribal warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay builds upon previous research in visual argument, further refuting objections through an examination of folk art theory. Folk art introduces unique perspectives on the role of art within and between communities, and establishes potential frames wherein folk artists assert communal identities and may refute colonial ones. Folk art thus presents a unique case in visual argument, grounded in contextual representation and significant for intercultural communication. As a case study explicating the role of folk art in visual argument, this essay traces the development of Blackfeet beadwork from 1895 to 1935. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the photograph entitled "The Mourner," by Melvin Ormond Hammond. It depicts a photograph of Thunder Cloud, a Blackfoot Indian which reflects the sadness and regret at the passing of the tribes traditional Blackfoot way of life. It offers a history of the tribes confederacy which occupied the buffalo plains at the southern part of the U.S. It was published at "The Canadian Magazine of Politics, Science, Art and Literature" in December 1913.

Discusses the history of Blackfeet Indian hostility in the upper Missouri River basin from 1730 to 1810. Factors that disrupted the traditional Blackfeet customs and beliefs which led to the development of subsequent hostility towards the U.S. citizens; Impact of the acquisition of horses by the Blackfeet on their social values; Reason the Blackfeet refused to bring beaver pelts to the trading posts.

The article presents a discussion on religious reorganization among the Montana Blackfeet. When one religious structure is superimposed upon another and older religious structure, a reorganization of religious expression occurs. This study is about an American Indian tribe, the Montana Blackfeet, which is estimated to be 88 per cent Catholic, where there is some Protestant influence at present and where the original impact of Christianity developed under circumstances which were different from those which obtained in Latin America. In the light of several previous field seasons with this tribe, it was thought to be practical to pursue the study of religious change in terms of the typology. In checking statistics from a variety of sources, it was reckoned that some 88 per cent of the Blackfeet adhere to Catholicism and that the remaining 12 per cent belong to one of the several Protestant denominations found on the reservation. There are some tribal members who are sophisticated, practicing Catholics and these are designated as formal Catholics.

This article describes a sound change rule in the Blackfoot language which deletes certain short vowels before consonant clusters. Analysis is presented of the main sound changes which occurred in Blackfoot as it developed from Proto-Algonquian. A discussion is presented about the discovery of a new syncope rule about syllable sequences in Proto-Algonquian. Examples that follow the syncope rule are presented with explanations of the order of vowels and consonant clusters and situations where one vowel would be deleted.