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Using the tenets of learned helplessness theory, we propose and test a model suggesting how the perception of supervisor narcissism impacts acquiescent silence and employee creativity. We further suggest acquiescent silence as a mediator, and law and code ethical climate as a moderator, in the link between supervisor narcissism and creativity. We found good support for the proposed hypotheses using multi‐wave data collected from 258 employees of service‐oriented companies in North America. Results show that supervisor narcissism prompts employees to exhibit acquiescent silence, which also mediates the link between supervisor narcissism and employee creativity. The law and code ethical climate moderates the effect of supervisor narcissism on acquiescent silence and that of silence on creativity. Therefore, this study identifies a key factor, acquiescent silence, through which supervisor narcissism impedes employee creativity, and it also reveals how this process might be buffered by the law and code ethical climate. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endogenous T cell activation relies on recognizing tumor‐specific antigens. However, tumor cells often alter phenotypes to evade immune surveillance, resulting in immune escape and drug resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) activates anti‐tumor immune responses by generating reactive oxygen species, which induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunogenic cell death. The clinical application of PDT is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Notably, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) regulates expression of immune‐related genes in tumor and immune cells through H3K27 methylation. Consequently, targeting EZH2‐mediated epigenetic silence provides an effective strategy to enhance the anti‐tumor immune effect of PDT. In this study, a nano‐delivery system (NP2) is designed to demonstrate PDT and epigenetic reprogramming effects. NP2 can reverse epigenetic silence, enhance MHC‐I expression, and induce release of CXCL9‐10 via EZH2i. Meanwhile, NP2 has a significant effect on PDT, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress that resulted in immunogenic cell death and subsequent activation of the immune cascade. In a mouse model of in situ breast cancer, the combination of PDT activation and epigenetic reprogramming through EZH2i showed synergistic effects on remolding, and triggering a robust anti‐tumor immune response in vivo. This study provides a novel idea for improving the immunosuppressive environment in clinical individualized immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composer, author, and teacher, John Cage, was exercised by our 'inability' to truly listen when approaching sound. In exploring the influences on Cage's avant-garde style, specifically the spiritual discipline found in both Zen Buddhism and Chance operations, this paper attempts to distinguish his philosophy (and use) of silence and chance as an aesthetic pedagogy. In accordance with Dewey's aesthetic theory and Shusterman's Somaesthetics, resolving the inability to listen is aesthetically conceived as somatic 'attuning' to the occurrence of chance sounds in the ambience of the world. By maintaining Cage's spiritually informed approach as a compositional framework, this paper highlights how his philosophy of silence is pedagogically illustrative of the active engagement we can have with the world. This approach is most apparent in Cage's 4'33", where the 'musicalizing' of everyday sounds erodes the boundaries between art and life, creating a continuity with the world. Somewhat problematically, Cage attempted to make this possible by channelling experience into a state of immersion, unifying art and life by 'letting go' of subjectivity. But as is shown by the Fluxus artists who were inspired by Cage's teachings, the possibility for negotiating Cage's terms brings with it an opportunity to theoretically reflect on the educational processes that underpin Cage's approach to sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how disinformation can dampen general users' expressions of opinion online. In the context of a proven disinformation case in South Korea, this study analyzes externally validated click-logs of 1389 fake accounts and more than a million logs of 45,769 general users in a highly popular web portal. Findings show that the inflated visibility of anti-governmental opinions in the manipulated comment space was incongruent with the overall political tone that general users had spontaneously encountered from the broader media ecosystem beyond the manipulated space. Subsequently, this opinion "climate" incongruence decreased the likelihood of commenting in the manipulated space. The study concludes that false amplification (of the opinions that the manipulators promote) and false diminution (of general users' political expressions) work in tandem to create a distorted opinion environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how speech and speech acts are central to Othering First Nations people in Australia. Werner Herzog's film, Where the Green Ants Dream (1984), centres around a fictional Dreaming story about green ants, which connect individual ancestral beings with the creation process, as well as forming the basis of First Nation law and culture. The Dreaming story projected in this film is intertwined with a specific nation of First Nations people and their connection and relationship to their Country (land). The film reveals an uneasy relationship between Dreaming and the positive law. In projecting First Nations people's speech and speech acts within the context of a trial, the film illustrates how the adversarial nature of the law (English common law versus First Nation laws and culture) does not always adequately deal with hard cases. This film manifests the trauma and violence of the white settler state upon First Nations people to illustrate the shortcomings of Australian legality and how the state reckons with the Other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hagiography comprises idealised biographical histories of religious, political, cultural, and academic figures. While often centring on character, they also record academic accomplishments that evidence a person's worth as an exemplar. Critically, academic hagiographies are central to canon creation. This article investigates if hagiographical tendencies within international legal history authenticates the modern depiction of the international lawyer akin to the form of the nineteenth century white male intellectual. The article asks whether there is a role for (anti)hagiography to establish sites of personal identification. Within international law, the historical turn studies both the role of international law in global histories and the discipline, but the turn can be explained as a form of canon creation, within which hagiography plays a role, and within that, processes of aphasia, intentional forgetting, and international legal silences. This article reflects on hagiography as an unacknowledged international legal historiographic methodology and sets out a nine-part method for establishing an (anti)hagiographic approach to personal identification with the canon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the hypothesis that the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), culminating in the emergence of Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), could act as a "Great Filter" that is responsible for the scarcity of advanced technological civilisations in the universe. It is proposed that such a filter emerges before these civilisations can develop a stable, multiplanetary existence, suggesting the typical longevity (L) of a technical civilization is less than 200 years. Such estimates for L , when applied to optimistic versions of the Drake equation, are consistent with the null results obtained by recent SETI surveys, and other efforts to detect various technosignatures across the electromagnetic spectrum. Through the lens of SETI, we reflect on humanity's current technological trajectory – the modest projections for L suggested here, underscore the critical need to quickly establish regulatory frameworks for AI development on Earth and the advancement of a multiplanetary society to mitigate against such existential threats. The persistence of intelligent and conscious life in the universe could hinge on the timely and effective implementation of such international regulatory measures and technological endeavours. • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as one of the most transformative technological developments in human history. • Biological civilisations may universally underestimate the speed that AI systems progress, as these are so different from traditional timescales. • AI could spell the end of intelligence on Earth (including AI) before mitigating strategies, e.g. a multiplanetary capability, have been achieved. • These arguments suggest that the longevity, L, of technical civilisations is < 200 years, thus explaining the great silence observed by SETI. • Small values for L underscores the necessity to intensify efforts to regulate AI - failure to do so, could rob the universe of all concious presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we aim to further our understanding of the social embeddedness of organized crime by exploring the (possible) ways the social environment adds to the shielding of organized crime or criminal activities by organized crime groups. We argue that the metaphor of 'walls of silence' provides a fruitful way to examine the shielding of organized crime. Based on a theoretical and empirical exploration of 30 cases from the fifth data sweep of Dutch Organized Crime Monitor, we illustrate how organized crime offenders in the Netherlands depend on the silence and secrecy of co-offenders, victims, bystanders, and others who are aware of their (criminal) activities. Furthermore, we present a framework of the shielding of organized crime activities to provide insight into how offenders not only make use of the social environment to shield their activities, but also how the social environment can (purposely) act as walls of silence and secrecy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of speechlessness has hardly been considered in the literature from a psychological point of view. Previous research on speechlessness is limited to the fields of neurology, medicine or psychopathology. The present review aims to consider speechlessness from a psychological perspective distinct from pathology, and to highlight its observability and possible connections to existing research in the context of emotional cognition and processing. Search terms were developed and a comprehensive, systematic literature search was conducted in various databases based on previous scientific work on the understanding of non-speech, silence and speechlessness. Only results that examined the phenomenon of speechlessness from a non-pathological or non-neurological perspective were included. A total of N = 7 publications matching the inclusion criteria were identified. The results were used to develop a procedual model for the phenomenological definition of speechlessness. The developed model differentiates the observable phenomenon of speechlessness into a non-intentional, unconscious form and a intentional, conscious form. The present work suggests that meaningful emotions and their perception and processing is a core element in the emergence of speechlessness and provides a first, psychological, non-pathological explanation of speechlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the essay the Descriptio Silentii (Description of Silence) by Celio Calcagnini, a humanist scholar from Ferrara, an essay written in the early sixteenth century and published in 1544. The article provides the first English translation of the essay, describes its inspiration and sources and reviews the content of the essay in order to assess Calcagnini's contribution to the philosophy of silence from the Renaissance and before. Calcagnini's essay is an ekphrasis of a picture supposedly located in the ruins of the Roman temple of Fortuna Primigenia in Praeneste, the inspiration for its format is the late Hellenistic text the Tabula Cebetis, and the principal content is an appeal for the virtues of silence in human affairs and the castigation of the garrulous following the example of Plutarch's essay De Garrulitate from the Moralia. However, this appeal to the virtues of silence is a prelude to the deeper theme and purpose of the essay: the theme of mystical silence, a silence by which it is possible to approach and understand the god-head and the divine, and which can only be expressed in non-verbal language, riddles or poetic imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the mediumship of creative histories in Doireann Ní Ghríofa's "A Ghost in the Throat." It examines domestic labor, embodied epistemology in caonineadh as an oral expression of grief, the nature of women's collective experiences and their act of resistance. It discusses the absence of silence of female voice within historical tradition and stresses ethical considerations on collaborative storytelling within feminist scholarship.

Green initiative-taking, an employee's self-starting opportunity-seeking action to improve environmental performance is a desirable outcome of organizations' green policies. Given prior inattention to this area of study, it is unclear what fosters green initiative-taking, and why. This study attempts to answer these questions using a mixed-methods approach. First, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted. Green human resource management, eco-silence, supervisor bottom-line mentality, and co-worker voice emerged as the major themes of employees' experiences when seeking to engage in green initiative-taking. Second, building on social information processing and social learning theories, a quantitative study proposes a conceptual model of the inter-relationships between the themes that emerged from the first study. Results from a multinational multisource time-lagged quantitative study support most of the hypotheses and shed light on avenues for future research. It suggests that supervisor bottom-line mentality inhibiting green initiative-taking might be standard procedure bottom-line mentality rather than profit bottom-line mentality. Post-hoc, to enhance the study's applicability, a fuzzy-set analysis was conducted to offer managers the configurations that best yield green initiative-taking among hospitality employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common problem brought to coaching is one where the coaching client is unable to voice problems and concerns to someone more senior in the workplace. This paper introduces a coaching framework which supports coaches to help coaching clients think systematically about ways in which they can formulate and articulate needs and wants which address those problems and concerns. Drawing on the voice and silence literature, the Coaching as a Route to Voice framework brings to the fore power differentials between employees and managers in the workplace which act as both enablers and barriers to voice. The framework centres around three questions which guide the coaching client through a goal-articulation process which provides clarity around who is most likely to be able to support the coaching client, when best to approach them and how best to present the information in order to have the most impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the relevance of silence in several psychopathologies, first-person perspectives on silence have been largely neglected in the phenomenological scholarship on those conditions. This paper proposes a phenomenological framework for addressing this neglect and demonstrates its usefulness through a case study of empty silence, an experience which can be found in many first-person accounts of depression. The paper begins by surveying research on silence in depression in mental health research and phenomenological psychopathology. Drawing on the thought of Merleau-Ponty, it then outlines a phenomenological framework for explicating the structure of silence experiences in psychopathology. Finally, it applies this framework to articulate the experiential structure and implications of empty silence, with a particular emphasis on the bodily doubt that can flow from repeated experiences of empty silence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines how debbie tucker green's approach to the radical politics and aesthetics of silence has developed through her cross-disciplinary practice, as she has experimented with different approaches to framing the verbal refusals, repressions, and impasses which texture the dialogue in her plays and films. The essay suggests that answers to the philosophical questions asked by her 2015 film debut second coming – questions about time, embodiment, and intersubjectivity – may be found in ear for eye, a piece tucker green first wrote and directed as a play at the Royal Court in 2018, and subsequently adapted and directed for the cinema (2021). Each work, I argue, illuminates the other; reading them together reveals how they share a common and urgent interest in the form and performance of silence, as an inscription of negative agency and resistance. These pieces exist in a dialogical relationship with dominant traditions of performance practice. Indeed, the mercurial interplay of encounter and utterance defines tucker green's interest in radical staging, in the intermediations and translations of adaptation, and in questions of how form and convention intersect with race and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay situates X González's oratory and activism for gun legislation within Jacques Lacan's Discourse of the Analyst to argue for the affirmative role of analytic silence in a body politic riddled with gun death, gridlock, thoughts, and prayers. Psychoanalytic treatment aims at intervention into a patient's recurring patterns of behavior and speech that uphold their status quo of suffering. My essay argues for the practical and conceptual utility of Lacan's discourse theory for rhetorical studies by advancing X as analyst against the cultural logic of the Firearm, a logic of domination I model via the Discourse of the Master. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feminist scholars have focused on paid domestic labour as a site of gendered inequalities structured by race, gender, class, and citizenship. However, men are largely absent from feminist intersectional understandings of everyday interactions within paid domestic labour. This paper draws on an interview study of South African domestic workers focusing on their talk about interactions with male employers. The analysis demonstrates that talk about routines of the physical and symbolic absence of men can become normalised within domestic labour discourse. This is a narrative that is only brought to light once men's (lack of) presence is made a topic. The conspicuous absence of analyses of this kind within paid domestic labour studies points to unfinished and troubling feminist projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pediatric settings, the concept of hope is frequently positioned as a fundamental aspect of care and at odds with the possibility and proximity of death. This arguably fosters silence about death and dying in childhood despite evidence indicating the benefits of open communication at the end of life. In this paper, we describe the unspeakable nature of death and dying in childhood, including its conceptual and clinical causes and dimensions, its persistence, and the associated challenges for children and youth facing critical illnesses, their families, and society. We explore how the tension between hope and death can be reframed and apply our analysis to the context of medical assistance in dying for mature minors in Canada. Considering the lack of related literature, this paper offers initial reflections to form a framework for the unspeakable nature of death and dying in childhood and to advance the crucial need for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the psychological mechanism underlying and the boundary condition affecting the relationship between leader unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and subordinate silence. Drawing on social cognitive theory (SCT), we posit that leader UPB may decrease subordinate moral ownership, which in turn might trigger subordinate silence; we further hypothesize that corporate social responsibility (CSR) directed toward employees may weaken the relationship between leader UPB and subordinate moral ownership as well as the indirect relationship between leader UPB and subordinate silence via subordinate moral ownership. A time-lagged survey of a sample consisting of 304 leader–subordinate dyads located in China supports the hypothesized moderated mediation model. This research explores the consequences of UPB and provides guidelines for practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment and eradication of tumors. However, due to significant differences in physicochemical properties between chemotherapeutic agents and functional nucleic acid drugs, direct integration into a single nano-agent is hindered, impeding the design and construction of an effective co-delivery nano-platform for synergistic anti-tumor treatments. In this study, we have developed an mRNA-responsive two-in-one nano-drug for effective anti-tumor therapy by the direct self-assembly of 2′-fluoro-substituted antisense DNA against P-glycoprotein (2′F-DNA) and chemo drug paclitaxel (PTX). The 2′-fluoro modification of DNA could significantly increase the interaction between the therapeutic nucleic acid and the chemotherapeutic drug, promoting the successful formation of 2′F-DNA/PTX nanospheres (2′F-DNA/PTX NSs). Due to the one-step self-assembly process without additional carrier materials, the prepared 2′F-DNA/PTX NSs exhibited considerable loading efficiency and bioavailability of PTX. In the presence of endogenous P-glycoprotein mRNA, the 2′F-DNA/PTX NSs were disassembled. The released 2′F-DNA could down-regulate the expression of P-glycoprotein, which decreased the multidrug resistance of tumor cells and enhanced the chemotherapy effect caused by PTX. In this way, the 2′F-DNA/PTX NSs could synergistically induce the apoptosis of tumor cells and realize the combined anti-tumor therapy. This strategy might provide a new tool to explore functional intracellular co-delivery nano-systems with high bioavailability and exhibit potential promising in the applications of accurate diagnosis and treatment of tumors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse is the typical modus operandi for persuasive practices, but silence also has an important role to play in many religious contexts. In this essay, I examine how silence works as a mechanism of persuasion in Thailand, where Buddhist logics of meditation permeate social life. Through a close analysis of a meditative retreat at Wat Pradhatu Sri Chom Thong Voravihan in Northern Thailand, I suggest three ways that silence comes to create its persuasive effects: it works in contrastive relation to speech; it is symbolic of moral personhood; and it points to interpersonal corporeal attunement. Attention to the corporeal aspect of silence is especially significant, I argue, because it is through the body that the practice in Thailand acts to alter intersubjective space. Such an approach to silence as disciplinary practice, rather than attention just to its supposed effects, allows us to see how religious forms of silent persuasion can be seen as a particularly powerful force for personal and political change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma communication in refugee families is increasingly recognized as an important relational dynamic influencing psychosocial well‐being, yet studies exploring interactional dynamics and meaning making at play in intra‐family trauma communication remain scarce. This article reports on a qualitative study with Kurdish refugee families including parents (N = 10) and children (N = 17) resettled in Belgium, aiming to explore practices on trauma communication within refugee family relationships. In a multiple‐phased qualitative design, semi‐structured family interviews and participant observation administered in the homes of the participant families are followed by parental interviews involving a tape‐assisted recall procedure to investigate observed intergenerational trauma communication and parent–child interactions. Data analysis shows parents and children seldom explicitly talked about the families' lived experiences of trauma. This silence was especially related to parental wishes to avoid their children's future involvement in violence. However, findings also indicate how the intra‐family transmission of memories of collective violence occurs in many subtle ways. Four modes of indirect trauma communication could be distinguished: (1) focusing on the repetition of violence in the present; (2) transmission of the collective trauma history; (3) family storytelling; and (4) interaction with meaningful objects of the past. These findings shed light onto the interwoven nature of personal–familial and collective trauma and loss and illuminate the meanings of silence and disclosure in the context of the Kurdish diaspora. In the final section, we discuss our findings and outline its clinical implications for family therapeutic practices in refugee trauma care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication scholars have considered silence in (higher) education as indicative of a range of cultural attitudes and an exercise of power. Some communication scholars consider student silence in classrooms as problematic, wherein a lack of participation in the learning process via student voice constitutes an act of resisting educators and education. Others conceptualize it as a way to challenge oppression or as a part of students' cultural identity. This study examines 21 Black college students' impetus for communicating silence during in-class discussions at a large Asian American Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution (AANAPISI) and a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI) 4-year university on the U.S. West Coast. Given the anti-Black phenomena in recent years (e.g., police violence, anti-Black education laws, Black Lives Matter protests), this study investigates the reasoning behind Black students' reasons for communicating silence within in-class discussions of race/racial phenomena. This study found Black students communicate in-class silence for three overarching reasons: (1) silence due to feeling underrepresented, (2) silence to avoid (negative) peer attention, and (3) silence due to fear of instructor retaliation. Findings inform how instructors can better approach racial discussions by mitigating Black student racial labor, foster civility, and move toward improving cross-racial learning during in-class interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rich appreciation of Mother Earth--in the entwined contexts of Native American, Australian Aboriginal, Western intellectual, and contemporary ecological movements--is accomplished in this paper using new perspectives and strategies: Mother Earth as name, meme, and conspiracy. This approach is developed and illustrated to offer insight into the dynamics of identity formation of individual cultures, amalgams of cultures, academic approaches, and ecological movements that span the globe, always occurring in the context of threatening, yet creative, encounters. Projecting beyond the Mother Earth example, the paper proposes a vision of the academic study of cultures and religions that focuses on gesture and repetition demonstrating that conditions of coherence, in the presence of the constant threat of incoherence, may be more valuable than discerning meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores John Cage's "62 Mesostics re Merce Cunningham," a love poem dedicated to the poet's longtime partner. Though scholars of Cage's writing and music tend to ignore the queer context in which his work was created, this study attempts to reconcile the poet's art with his life. As a homosexual couple in the postwar period, Cage and Cunningham observed a closeted silence throughout their lives together, preferring to refer to one another as collaborators rather than romantic partners or lovers. While such strategies were not uncommon, the couple's use of Zen philosophy to imbue their silent relationship with an almost religious purpose distinguishes them from many others. Indeed, the poem embodies this situation well. Offering, at one moment, a glimpse into the couple's private life, at the next, the piece consistently subverts this gesture through various avant‐garde techniques. In fact, in its unusual use of typography and its experimental performance history, Cage's mesostic reimagines the space and terms of traditional love poetry — much like his relationship with Cunningham reworked traditional gender roles. By bringing these aspects of Cage's life and work to light, this article aims to provide scholars with a fuller understanding of postwar queer poetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explored how women are silenced in Amma Darko's Beyond the Horizon and Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. It drew on Parpart's (Rethinking silence, gender and power in insecure sites: Implications for feminist security studies in a postcolonial world. Review of International Studies, 46(3), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026021051900041X) insight that a person who is silenced, who cannot say what is on their mind or speak out against injustice, can quite rightly be seen as lacking agency. Our critical reception of the works of Darko and Achebe revealed that women, or the female characters have been built, programmed and oriented with weakness, zero authority and playing second fiddle to their male counterparts. We argued that the nature of the silencing of the women: (1) depicted the various instances of women's subjugation, subordination, submission, and compliance, amongst other things, in male dominated traditional societies, (2) encapsulated the hegemonic issues in the patriarchal society feminist scholars vehemently write against, and (3) demonstrated that silence is a marker for empty speech, the unsaid, or keeping something to the self. The paper is a contribution to further studies on gender roles and the discourse on gendered power imbalances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many Western jurisdictions, criminal suspects undergoing police interrogations have the right to remain silent. In this experiment, we examined the effects of remaining silent during police questioning on laypersons' perceptions of a suspect. Participants (N = 126) read one of three mock-interview transcripts (i.e. admission, denial or silence) and indicated the extent to which they agreed or disagreed that a male suspect in a missing person case was guilty, cooperative, trustworthy and rational. Participants expressed stronger agreement that the suspect was guilty when he admitted guilt than when he denied involvement or remained silent. When the suspect remained silent, participants viewed the suspect as less cooperative than when the suspect denied or admitted guilt and as less rational than when the suspect denied committing the crime. Our findings provide some support for the notion that remaining silent during police questioning may be viewed unfavourably by external observers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celebrities have been known to endorse and amplify conspiracy theories over various forms of media. This study experimentally examines the influence of celebrity endorsement of a conspiracy theory over social media on belief in fringe theories about chemtrails, destigmatization of conspiracy belief, and the subsequent spread of the counter-narrative on social media. The findings reveal that celebrities sharing conspiracy theories may destigmatize belief in such counter-narratives and disrupt spirals of silence that constrain the sharing of such perspectives online. The study reveals ways that celebrities may contribute to conspiracy cascades via their social media, leading to a more fertile climate for misinformation to spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes the role of universities in creating silence around gender-based violence in higher education, drawing on narratives from 39 qualitative interviews with victims/survivors and bystanders about reporting incidents and experiences. In this paper, we extend concept of 'network silence' around sexual harassment to other forms of gender-based violence. Our research applies three components of the theoretical model of network silence, namely, self-silencing by victims/survivors, silencing, and not hearing by others, and analyses their contextual manifestations through the reporting experiences of victims/survivors and bystanders. This helps to identify the traits of the informal organisational structures and power dynamics, gendered attitudes, actors, and factors which facilitate silencing. The intersectional approach in our analysis of organisational contextual traits contributes to the research on inequality regimes in universities. The findings suggest that universities are making limited efforts to address silence around gender-based violence. We conclude that shared beliefs among the leadership about the reputation and prestige of the university facilitate the endurance of silence in universities. Our findings indicate reasons why universities fail to create spaces that are safe from gender-based violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present the interdisciplinary project "My Story from Silence", conceived in 2022. The project represents a pioneering effort in assembling individuals from diverse communities, characterized by varying ethnic, national, and migratory backgrounds, along a historically dynamic border. Its primary objective was to provide a platform for these participants to articulate and share narratives previously shrouded in silence, offering insights into their historical pasts. Emphasizing reciprocal dialogue for the first time, the initiative fostered an environment where participants engaged in the dual act of narrating their own experiences and attentively listening to the narratives of others. These memories were explored in group workshops on both sides of the border. By combining elements of cultural anthropology fieldwork and analytical psychology, the workshops attempted to address hitherto unaddressed traumas and silent personal memories linked to major traumatic historical events such as fascism and Istrian exodus through the narratives of individuals. Three vignettes will illustrate the workshop dynamic and our Jungian understanding of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the mise en scène, or rather the mise en espace, of amorous separation in three seventeenth-century tragedies: Médée by Pierre Corneille (1635), Bérénice by Racine (1670) and Ariane by Thomas Corneille (1672). How is the tragic love of these three heroines – each so different, yet all abandoned by their lovers – inscribed into the theatrical space and the multiple geographies evoked in the tragedies? An examination of fictional places on and off stage demonstrates how the place represented on stage functions as a transitional place: while it should represent the union of the couple, it actually prepares for their separation as it opens onto the vast spaces of a past and a future lived elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do certain groups lack scholarship representing their histories? My curiosity led me to archives and then to archival silences. Thematically organized, this literature review on archival silences begins by identifying and characterizing archival silences. Defining characteristics include that archival power influences the creation of archival silences, archival silences are inevitable, and these silences impact, though not exclusively, marginalized communities. From a working understanding and definition, section two provides a general starting point with which to address archival silences, including identification, adjustment of archival practices and community inclusion, and creation of alternative archives. The article concludes by offering avenues for further study based on the literature review's limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As engagement with art is increasingly recognized as an exciting and accepted practice in theology, theologians are faced with questions concerning the purposes of such engagement and how best to undertake it. This article argues that engagement with art is not merely the purview of an esoteric subdiscipline known as "Theology and the Arts" but offers an opportunity for theologians to confront the humanity at the heart of their own work, including guilt, error, and corruption, which will enable progress toward the goal of greater intimacy and belonging. Taking seriously the idea that both our theological concepts and our intellectual habits have been shaped by social and material realities, this article asks how we ought to think about theological engagement with art given that we are prone to colonizing habits of thought that affect such engagement. By putting theologians including Willie Jennings and Emilie Townes in conversation with theories about art from T.J. Clark, Alva Noe, and James A. Noel, we ask how theologians might resist temptations to categorize art as theology's other or absorb it into its own concerns, both of which reflect colonizing habits of mind and inure theology against a genuine confrontation with art. We recommend a posture of silence, responsive to the silence of the painting itself, in which the theologian opens to self-reflexive questions about both the operations of their own imagination, creativity, imagery, silence, and more, as well as the implications for the theological concepts used to designate those realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee silence, the withholding of input about work-related matters, has been frequently observed in organizations, and it may be detrimental to organizational performance and employees’ well-being. Hence, employee silence has become an important topic in recent years and accumulated massive research to examine its antecedents and consequences. However, some issues still need to be addressed, including unclear definition of the construct and lack of a systematic integration of the results. Therefore, this paper will re-clarify the concept of employee silence, integrate the results of past research, and provide suggestions for future research. We first clarify the development of the employee silence construct, the relationship between silence motives and silence behavior, the similarities and differences between silence and voice, and the important characteristics of employee silence. Secondly, we sort out the current research on employee silence and put forward the culture issue, explaining the particularity of employee silence in Chinese culture in order to provide further inspiration for future research on employee silence in Taiwan. Finally, we also propose recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinema's relationship with the voice is passionate and enduring – perhaps nowhere more so than in silent cinema. This article takes the Lara Feigel's experience of being supervised by Laura Marcus for a PhD on silent cinema as the basis for an exploration of sound and silence in film. Using Mladen Dolar's theory of the voice, it reads Leos Carax's Annette as a film fascinated by the tropes of silent cinema and specifically by its play with the presence and absence of the voice. If for Dolar the voice is a desired object, then in this case it's an object that can literally be transferred from character to character. In the end, Carax's promise is that the voice can be a vehicle of subjectivity after all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on the use of silence from a therapist's perspective remain limited. This study aimed to develop an understanding of psychotherapists' use of silence in clinical settings. Practising psychotherapists were interviewed about their experiences of silence, and a constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted to arrive at a substantive theoretical understanding of psychotherapists' silence. A grounded theory analysis supported the construction of a theory conceptualised into four main categories: conditions (evolving disparity, rendering relationships and minding the gap), cornerstones (sensitising silence, productive comforting, productive discomforting and temperature gauging), consequences (deepening the treatment) and considerations (timing and silently experiencing). Silence is intersubjective and effective in clinical settings, and the results of the current study indicate that silence is powerful and ambiguous and is best used later in treatment when a strong therapeutic alliance is in place. Individual comfort and the needs of the client were found to be more significant than any single modality or theory. Silence is used to create a space in which treatment can be deepened through the presence of a therapist and mutual introspection. This study recommends a greater focus on a contemporary use of silence during the training and education of psychotherapists, and the importance of free association should be addressed earlier in clinician training. This theory requires further exploration of patients' experiences to establish their correspondence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents findings from a self-research study based primarily on verbal and written feedback from the students. The aim was to examine comprehensive academic discussion of my experiences developing Freirean dialogic teaching. A brief review of the principles of critical pedagogy and a definition of dialogic teaching according to Freire is offered and a dialogic lesson is described along with a discussion of the difficulties and challenges faced. The approach was effective and found to be essential in the academy, especially in teacher-training although the work would need to be adapted to the needs and constraints of each population group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do silences about intercommunal violence emerge and does their subsequent breaking lead to reconciliation in divided communities? By telling two stories of monuments built in northwest Bosnia after World War II, and the radical changes made to them since the war of 1992–95, this local history poses a question of global significance: Can memorials to the violent past ever create a "just memory," whereby they recall both our humanity and inhumanity, as well as both the humanity and inhumanity of "others" whom we may still see as enemies? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of war, not only state actors, but also religious actors react and engage in international politics. When studying religious narratives of war, what is not said can be more revealing than what is said. Such is the case when analyzing the Roman Catholic Church's narrative since Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. A striking pattern of silence emerges which arguably has serious implications for upholding international law. Both in an international political (Holy See at the United Nations) as well as a transnational religious context (Pope Francis I addressing followers) the Roman Catholic Church has remained silent on Russia's aggression and breach of international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article responds to recent calls to investigate the role of agents and the connections between layers of agency in the development and implementation of language policy and planning (LPP). Using a corpus linguistic and discursive approach to language policy, we identify interventions made in plenary sessions by Secretary-Generals and Member States at the United Nations when discussing language issues over 46 years (1970-2016). The article identifies which individuals prioritise language issues and the change agents and/or (un)successful brokers in matters of LPP. Analysis reveals that language issues were discussed infrequently, suggesting benign neglect in matters of multilingualism: the silent majority were agentive in largely maintaining the status quo. However, in exploring power in discourse and power over discourse we were able to determine which interventions resulted in minor changes to policy and who were the powerful agents. The study points to the importance of using corpus-assisted methods in diachronic and synchronic studies of agency in LPP. Future research should explore networks of agents, using CL to investigate longitudinal trajectories of decision-making and policy change over time. Moreover, CL can usefully complement other approaches, (e.g. interviews and ethnography), to further explore the dialectic relationship between agency and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on how twenty-first century Mapuche writers Daniela Catrileo and Soraya Maicoño upend notions of "silence" as corresponding to emptiness or absence through their experiments with poetic form. I begin by examining patterns and forms of silence and silencing in Mapuche poetry, mainly in dialogue with the poet Liliana Ancalao, as well as Mapudungun's polyphonous conception of a "language" or "poetics" of the land that destabilizes colonial modes of listening, voicing, and sense-making. I then analyze the poetics of the line break, as well as the notion of poetic "white space," as contesting narratives that attempt to silence and make invisible Mapuche communities through settler colonial frameworks. I finally evaluate the relationship between form, the caesura or the line break, and silencing or absence in two recent works: Pewma Ull: El sueño del sonido by Soraya Maicoño and Dani Zelko, and Río herido by Daniela Catrileo. Through a notion I term "underwriting," I posit that these poets politicize form and blankness in order to not only make resonant Mapuche voices that have been previously construed as silent and absent by the settler state, but to propose alternative and active conceptualizations of "silence" as poetic modes of theorizing notions of mourning, restitution, and justice under settler colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aims to identify the level of organizational silence, its forms, and the factors affecting it within the two organizations under study . The study relied on the Social Survey method through a comprehensive enumeration, and it relied on the use of the Comparative Method, as well as on the questionnaire and focus group discussion as tools for data collection. The research sample consisted of 55 male and female teachers at Al-Shaheed AlNaqeeb Mina Ezzat School (formerly Al-Haditha for Boys), 80 male and female teachers at Diwan Language School. The study concluded that there are significant differences with statistical significance in the level of silence between the two schools, where the level of organizational silence is higher in the Martyr Al-Naqeeb Mina’azat Governmental School for Boys than in Diwan Language School, and it was found that positive silence is the dominant form among teachers in the two schools, as it was found that the majority of the respondents The two organizations under study see that the physical and social environment of the organization is one of the most important factors affecting the level of organizational silence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I model John Cage's pragmatics of silence using the mathematics of category theory with the framework of ontological logs. I use this approach in order to represent knowledge within Cage's so-called silent compositions – 4 $ ^{\prime } $ ′ 33 $ ^{\prime \prime } $ ′′ , 0 $ ^{\prime } $ ′ 00 $ ^{\prime \prime } $ ′′ (4 $ ^{\prime} $ ′ 33 $ ^{\prime \prime } $ ′′ No. 2), and One $ ^{3} $ 3 = 4 $ ^{\prime } $ ′ 33 $ ^{\prime \prime } $ ′′ (0 $ ^{\prime } $ ′ 00 $ ^{\prime \prime } $ ′′ ) +. I first generate a categorical schema $ \mathcal {F} $ F and an accompanying database that describes an instance of 4 $ ^{\prime } $ ′ 33 $ ^{\prime \prime } $ ′′ from its premiere in 1952 which is translated via two functors into the categorical schema $ \mathcal {Z} $ Z (0 $ ^{\prime } $ ′ 00 $ ^{\prime \prime } $ ′′ ) and $ \mathcal {O} $ O (One $ ^{3} $ 3 ). A pushout of $ \mathcal {Z} $ Z and $ \mathcal {O} $ O along $ \mathcal {F} $ F allows for the presentation of the categorical schema $ \mathcal {S} $ S and its accompanying ontological log as an enfolding of Cage's pragmatics of silence. I then introduce the score Listening to John Cage listening in order to conceptualize the category of instances $ \mathcal {S} $ S - $ \mathbf {Set} $ S e t , and further utilize it to investigate the language of $ \mathcal {S} $ S through its fibre order. I conclude by reporting on persistent spatio-temporal structures of Cagean silence embodied in $ \mathcal {S} $ S as meta-work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate how workplace bullying mediates between workplace conflict and employee silence (acquiescent, quiescent, and pro-social silence). Data was collected from 430 employees of service-sector companies (IT and ITES). Structural equation modeling using bootstrap technique was applied for data analysis. The findings of this study confirm that workplace bullying partially mediates the relationship between workplace conflict and the three types of employee silence. The implications of this research work are beneficial for organizations in order to fathom the silence behavior of employees that arises due to conflict and bullying at workplace. Management should discourage any signs of conflict, curb bullying, and at the same time encourage the employees to raise their voices against their problems in a formal way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution This work aims to analyse the current state of the professional identity of Chinese nurses; examine the relationship amongst regulatory focus, organizational silence and professional identity and determine how regulatory focus affects the relationship between professional identity and organizational silence.This study conducted a cross‐sectional survey.From June to August 2023, 420 nurses from six hospitals in Hunan Province, China, were selected through convenience sampling and surveyed by using a general information questionnaire, the regulatory focus scale, the organizational silence scale and the professional identity scale. The relationship amongst the regulatory focus, organizational silence and professional identity of nurses was examined by utilizing SPSS 25.0 and the mediating role of regulatory focus between organizational silence and nurses' professional identity was examined by applying AMOS 24.0.Nurses had a moderate level of professional identity. Professional identity was positively correlated with regulatory focus and negatively correlated with organizational silence. Regulatory focus was negatively correlated with organizational silence. Mediation effect studies revealed that organizational silence and professional identity were partially mediated by regulatory focus.In accordance with research showing that nurses' organizational silence can indirectly affect professional identity via regulatory focus, clinical nursing managers should concentrate on the interaction amongst these three variables to strengthen professional identity.The results of this study serve as a reminder to nurses to select a preventive or promotive focus based on their career objectives and to effectively express their views to enhance their professional identity. This also reminds nursing managers assess nurse‐led regulatory focus, identify their underlying qualities and understand their professional aspirations and career orientation, create a good atmosphere for advice and encourage nurses to express their views, so as to improve nurses ‘professional identity.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on how secondary school pupils and teachers conceptualise bullying and how pupils navigate bullying within physical education (PE). This ethnographic case study presents findings from participant observations, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. Applying figurational sociology, power imbalances central to bullying within the PE figuration are analysed. Elias and Scotson’s [(1994). The established and the outsiders. Sage. (Original work published 1965)] model of established–outsider relations is applied to demonstrate how peer commentary proved an effective power resource that some sporty pupils used to marginalise and exclude perceived less sporty peers. Elias’s [(2001). The society of individuals. Bloomsbury] personal pronoun model is also utilised to analyse how fear, stigmatisation, and identity self-preservation underpinned a culture of silence in reporting bullying. Throughout our results and discussion, we provided much-needed empirically and theoretically informed insights into the gendered nuances, and similarities, in boys’ and girls’ experiences of bullying in PE. Finally, we propose a more negotiated PE-specific code of conduct may be more beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on scenes from Jimmy Corrigan, Rusty Brown, and The Last Saturday, this article examines the multifarious ways in which sound is employed, and silence is created, in Chris Ware's graphic literature. In examining these various aural and textual examples, focus will be given to the ways that sound and silence heightens character alienation and isolation, themes readily identifiable to readers of Ware's oeuvre. It will be argued that during the moments of alienation, Ware's characters' isolation is enhanced by moments of silence and the manipulation of diegetic sound. Further, I will examine the employment of what I term 'sequential absence of sound' and 'reverse sequential absence of sound'. Sequential absence of sound is created by removing previously observable diegetic sounds from proceeding panels to create a sense of absence, while the use of reverse absence of sound utilises diegetic sound after periods of silence to draw reader attention to the period of silence just passed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I explore two approaches to what lies 'unearthed' in Chile's recent violent histories. In the first instance, I explore the effort towards the obfuscation or intertitialization of knowledge by the Chilean state, regarding the Pinochet dictatorship years. The argument in the first half of the paper underlines the need to understand recent Chilean history in relation to explicit efforts at 'disappearing' history – at the purposeful obfuscation of deathly experiences and the limbo these generate. In the second half, I explore the idea that in the 'negative' space afforded by the circumstantial and historical possibilities of locales of political interest, where traumatic history is only partially understood, or not recognized, paranormal investigators expand, rather than contract, possibilities within this negative. I use negative theology, a medieval counter-orthodox current of writing about the unspeakable, to explore how, in contrast to the Chilean state from 1973 to 1990, which receded into the darkness of negation, paranormal investigators take impetus from this darkness and transform it into a version of history proper, ontologizing the negative as they proceed. Their endeavours thus become quasi-cosmogonic, in theological terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we conducted an online survey (N = 447) to understand the impact of perceived surveillance on online political participation. Using the Spiral of Silence theory and surveillance culture as our theoretical frameworks, we explored how social media users' perception of government surveillance impacts Turkish social media users' willingness to express an opinion on social media. In addition, we examined whether perceived majority and online privacy skills moderate the relationship between perceived surveillance and willingness to express opinions on social media. The results suggested that perceived surveillance is negatively related to one's willingness to express opinions. On the other hand, online privacy skills moderate the relationship between perceived surveillance and willingness to express opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]