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Using a panel data set comprising 284 prefecture‐level and above cities in China during 2005–2018, this study develops a theoretical mechanism harnessing the spatial Durbin model (SDM) to accumulate evidence and explain how innovation affects China's economic growth. It is found that regional economic growth is facilitated by local innovation activities as well as the absorption capacity of innovation and technology spilled over from other regions. This study also identifies 12 regional innovation poles across the country, which are found to have played a significant role in promoting urban economic development within a physical distance range of 150 km of a given region. This finding attests to the radiation effect from regional innovation poles in cultivating more such poles for China, to promote sustainable high‐quality economic growth, suggesting a route for China to avoid the curse of the middle‐income trap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business environment is a critical element in promoting high-quality urban economic development. To evaluate the quality of the business environment in Chinese cities, we first build a business environment evaluation system in this paper. Then using the entropy weight, Dagum Gini coefficient, β-convergence model, and Markov chain method, we evaluate and analyze the development level, spatial differences, and dynamic development patterns of the business environments in 278 cities in China from 2003 to 2019. Our findings reveal that the overall business environment level in Chinese cities is not high. There are significant differences in business environment levels between megacities, large cities, and small–medium-sized cities, and within-group differences and between-group differences are the main reasons for the differences in business environment levels. However, the contribution rate of within-group differences shows a downward trend, while the contribution rate of between-group differences shows an upward trend. In addition, the business environment levels in Chinese cities have spatial correlation, and the national and three major city groups' business environment levels exhibit strong absolute and conditional β-convergence processes. Finally, the business environment levels in Chinese cities demonstrate path dependence, which is typified by low mobility and makes achieving upward mobility challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crises spur reflection and re-evaluation of what matters and what is valued. The impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis, COVID-19 pandemic and climate emergency are reigniting debates about the nature of economic development approaches and what they aim to achieve in urban settings. Addressing a substantive gap in contemporary debates by helping to navigate a burgeoning and diverse field, this paper provides a critical and comparative assessment of five leading agendas that have been positioned as alternative and progressive policy responses to urban economic change: inclusive growth; the wellbeing economy; community wealth building; doughnut economics; and the foundational economy. Taking an international perspective, the paper provides a comparative review of their stated visions, mechanisms for change, and the spatial scales through which they are led and implemented. Our argument is that these alternative approaches to urban economic development are shaping creative, innovative and progressive responses to longstanding urban problems within policy and practice communities but require on-going scrutiny and evaluation to realise their potential to meaningfully achieve transformative change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research is to see the influence of financial literacy, self-control, and social environment on consumptive behavior in urban communities in the Banyumas Regency area. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach. The population in this research is urban communities in the Banyumas Regency area with a sample size of 117 respondents. The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation, and multiple regression with the help of SPSS software. The results of the analysis show that there is a real influence of financial literacy and self-control on consumptive behavior in urban communities in the Banyumas Regency area. There needs to be awareness of the importance of self-control and a positive social environment in urban communities in the Banyumas Regency area so that they do not engage in excessive consumptive behavior. Apart from that, people must also continue to hone their knowledge and understanding of the concept of risk in finance, skills, motivation, and self-confidence to be able to make effective decisions regarding financial issues. This research was conducted based on empirical phenomena in the field regarding consumptive behavior that often affects the lives of urban communities, especially communities in the Banyumas Regency, which has not been studied previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation districts have gained attention as a fast-spreading urban economic development strategy, raising numerous questions. What are their distinguishing attributes? Are they a substantive policy innovation? Are they likely to succeed in fostering innovation and economic dynamism? We propose a definition of innovation districts based on their characteristic features. Given the ambiguity of the term in practice, this is crucial for understanding and analyzing the strategy. We then evaluate innovation districts by applying theories and current understandings of the spatial and economic development aspects of innovation, entrepreneurship, and human capital, illustrating with examples from Boston, Detroit, Saint Louis, and San Diego. We conclude that the combination of components that comprises innovation districts is both new and valuable. Innovation districts present a potential pathway for advancing regional economic development goals via the pathways of innovation and entrepreneurship. We stress the importance of rigorous empirical evaluation and research regarding a variety of practical and strategic concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining spatial network patterns and factors influencing the development of the green economy in typical urban agglomerations in China is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and achieving sustainable economic development. In this study, we utilized the SBM-GML model and a modified gravity model to analyze the roles and status of different regions in the spatial correlation of green economic development in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. We also employed social network analysis to visualize the spatial correlation structure and influencing factors. The research results indicate that the development of green economy is showing a fluctuating upward trend, accompanied by complex network structure characteristics. Cities such as Chizhou, Nanjing, and Shanghai exert significant control over other cities. The analysis of the block model indicates close intercity communication across various sectors, with heightened activity observed in the southeastern coastal areas. Moreover, the central region effectively enhances connectivity within the urban cluster, leading to notable spillover effects in certain cities. Government macroeconomic regulation, environmental regulation, industrial structure, external development, green innovation, and the level of new urbanization emerge as significant factors influencing the formation of the spatial correlation network of green economic development in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the world population growth, energy consumption and the rapid development of industrial economy, a large amount of carbon emissions has brought destruction and threats to the earth's environment on which human beings depend. The development of low-carbon economy has become the consensus of governments all over the world and has been vigorously advocated & promoted. This paper focuses on the top five global GDP nations in 2022: The United States, China, Japan, Germany, and Britain. A comprehensive evaluation index system of urban low-carbon economic development level is constructed from four dimensions: economic development level, environmental quality, energy consumption emission intensity and social development speed by using literature review and field interview. The evaluation measures are determined using the TOPSIS evaluation method with entropy weight and the grey relational model, providing a comprehensive assessment of the low-carbon economy's development level in these five countries." Judging from the comprehensive evaluation score, the overall development of low-carbon economy in American cities is in good condition and has reached the development standard of low-carbon economy; Germany and Japan rank second and third, and they are low-carbon economies. Britain ranks fourth in comprehensive evaluation, although it belongs to a low-carbon economy country, but there is still a certain gap with Germany and Japan; There is still a big gap between China and the other four countries. Based on the measurement and evaluation outcomes, it presents recommendations and strategies to foster the growth of low-carbon economies, offering valuable insights for the advancement of such economies across different nations. The research results guide countries all over the world to reduce carbon emissions in the process of economic development, protect the earth environment on which human beings depend, and make a better tomorrow for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing Yosso's community cultural wealth framework as a theoretical lens, we sought to examine how nontraditional, community-based family engagement programs impacted adult family members' thoughts and actions about engagement with their children's schools. The study drew primarily from the interviews, observations, and document analysis of two nontraditional family engagement programs in urban communities. Findings indicate that program approaches built upon and extended families' social and navigational capitals. Educational leaders can more meaningfully engage urban families by learning from and incorporating practices implemented by the programs we examine and discuss in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations' 2022 World Population Prospects suggests the global population will reach 10 billion people in 2058 and will peak in 2086. Aggregated data do not account for regional and age-group realities, which draw a more pressing picture. We analyze the World Population Prospects 2022 data according to age groups and regions and show that population peaks are going to occur sooner in some regions of the world than others, and the working-age population will peak on average 10 to 20 years before the overall population peaks. Africa is the only world region expected to continue to experience significant population growth. The population will be increasingly made up of larger proportions of older ages than younger, thereby shifting the dependency ratio. Reflections on the implications of an aging and shrinking population on policy regarding fertility, aging, migration, urban planning and economic development are needed. The challenge is not to be left for future generations to face; it is happening tomorrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the STIRPAT model was developed to study the role of financial development in urban low-carbon economic transformation. The statistical analysis used data from 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2009 to 2019. The results show that: (1) there is a positive U-shaped nonlinear relationship between financial development and urban low-carbon economic transformation. (2) Financial development not only directly affects the transformation of the low-carbon economy, but also indirectly affects it through three transmission channels: environmental regulation, industrial structure, and urbanization. (3) The financial development itself and the level of urbanization have a threshold effect on the transformation of the low-carbon economy. Under the threshold effect of environmental regulation and industrial structure, the role of financial development in the transformation of low-carbon economies presents a process of 'first decrease and then increase'. Therefore, improving the intensity of environmental regulation, implementing differentiated financial and industrial development policies, and controlling the urbanization process are effective measures to promote the transformation of low-carbon economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous efforts to preserve the environment and to reduce gaseous emissions due to the massive growth of urban economic development and heightened concerns over crude oil depletion have accelerated researchers to find long‐term solutions, particularly in the transportation sector with the focus on powertrain electrification. This article delivers a comprehensive overview of electric vehicle architectures, energy storage systems, and motor traction power. Subsequently, it emphasizes different charge equalization methodologies of the energy storage system. This work's contribution can be identified in two points: first, providing an overview of different energy management methods to researchers and scholars. Second, to highlight the state‐of‐the‐art leanings in major components and to highlight promising approaches to hybrid electric vehicle future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital economy is the indispensable pathway for driving industrial structural upgrading and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in cities, ultimately facilitating China's economic transformation. Simultaneously, the enhancement of urban total factor productivity (TFP) serves as a crucial means to achieve high-quality economic development in cities. This study examines the specific impact of the digital economy on urban TFP using a panel data model with a sample of 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2019. Additionally, it employs a mediation effect model to test the mechanisms through which the digital economy influences urban TFP and utilizes a spatial Durbin model to analyze the spatial spillover effects of the digital economy on urban TFP. The research findings reveal the following key points: (1)The digital economy has an overall significantly positive impact on urban TFP. (2)The digital economy indirectly promotes urban TFP by encouraging the advancement of industrial structure and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship in cities. (3)The influence of the digital economy on urban TFP exhibits spatial spillover effects, where the digital economy in neighboring cities significantly enhances the TFP growth of local cities.The results of this study contribute to elucidating the mechanistic pathways through which the digital economy affects urban TFP, holding significant practical implications for achieving high-quality economic development in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the emerging research on innovation districts (IDs) by conceptualizing them as strategic urban projects. IDs connect innovative activities to their spatial foundations and thus provide a territorial framework for strategic spatial planning efforts. The extant literature on IDs, focusing mainly on ID characteristics and placemaking, has failed to acknowledge that ID development requires an integrated planning approach to realize the so-called new union between form and function, which is often executed via strategic urban projects. Integrated planning, as discussed in the literature on strategic spatial planning, emphasizes coordination both between a range of stakeholder interests and between administrative sectors and spatial scales. This, in turn, is often rooted in path-dependent connections between diverse sectors and organizations. A case study examines the gradual adoption of the new strategic planning approach while the Turku Science Park area in the city of Turku, Finland, was being transformed into an ID. It demonstrates the rise of a new integrated rationale in contemporary urban planning and economic development, one that strategically envisions a spatial form for economic development objectives. The case offers lessons for academic and policy debates on ID development, underscoring competence building in strategic spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant growth in the sport-for-development (SFD) sector, there has been little research to date examining the ways that SFD organizations attract communities, and/or the reasons that SFD organizations are able to attract and retain community members in their programmes. The purpose of this study was to explore how and why Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment (MLSE) Launchpad, an SFD facility in downtown Toronto, attracted participants into its programmes, and to understand how and why community members took up the offer to engage in its programmes. Using ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews with Launchpad staff, we found that 'development' activities, with little or no sport component to them at all, were, in many instances, the main attraction to participants at MLSE Launchpad, a phenomenon that we term 'plus-development.' In these cases, what attracted participants to MLSE Launchpad were programmes that, in practice, filled gaps in basic social and community service provisions. We use these findings to advance some critical insights about the broader neoliberal structures under which programmes like MLSE Launchpad operate, and the significance of SFD for and within urban communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality construction of public health system is the key to maintain social economic activities be ordered and stable. The aim of this study is to understand whether public health development can promote economic growth and how. We construct a public health development index combining the variables of local pollution control and health care by EVM method. Based on the panel data of Chinese 283 cities from 2004 to 2017, fixed effect model and two-stage least squares model are used to test the impact of public health development on economic growth. Then, we discuss the heterogeneous impact of public health development on economic growth though the threshold regression model, under different government intervention, employment population scale and urbanization ratio. What's more, we discuss the possible transmission effect of three human capital mechanisms, namely mortality, consumption rate and employment population size between public health development and economic growth. The conclusions are: (1) For every 0.1 unit increase in public health development, the growth rate of real GDP can be increased by 5 percentage points, which can drive the nominal GDP growth by about 0.17 percentage points. (2) Public health development can promote economic growth regardless of the scale of urban employment population. Only when the urbanization ratio exceeds 70.87 and the government intervention level is lower than 0.058, the development of public health is conducive to the improvement of urban economic development. (3) Public health development helps to promote economic growth, mainly through two paths, reducing mortality and increasing human capital accumulation. And, reducing mortality is more conducive to urban economic growth than increasing human capital accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention of major risks and the management of disasters constitute a comprehensive system, developed and managed by the state and carried out by public institutions and regional groups within their respective jurisdictions, in consultation with economic, social, researcher and technical clients, the development of urban communities and the prosperity of industries, as well as the emergence of new concepts such as development in various areas, including urbanization, which has affected nature, resulting in frequent natural disasters that cause damage to human beings and property. This is why human thinking has evolved in the field of protection against the effects of natural disasters (floods) in order to preserve the human and economic component, and like the countries of the world, Algeria seeks to reduce the damage of major threats through actions taken in through the adoption of a national disaster prevention scheme by the Algerian Government and the organization of interventions and aid, in addition to various types of urban mean, The study of hazards in the city focused on the flooding risks, specifically in the expansion area, where the analyze of climatic, topographic, urban data were based on SIG, the hazardous areas within the built area were identified and classification the land occupation plans were by the degree of risk. The expansion of the city of M’sila did not take into account the major dangers in the embodiment of the tools of preparation and reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For urban policymaking, inequality in large U.S. metropolitan areas appears as a principal consequence of a trichotomy of motives over resources allocation, consisting of urban economic development, ecological sustainability and socioeconomic equity. In the case of global cities, a greater inequality appears to result, in part, from the propensity for urban economic-development motives to pursue and/or maintain worldwide centrality, connectivity and command over the dynamic forces of globalization. Such global-city development priorities are reflected in the endogenous urban content and institutional makeup distinguishing "global-city status," a characterization attributable to only a handful of places in the U.S. As a cross-sectional comparison of 53 large metropolitan areas (MSA), this paper examines the hypothesis that MSAs having a higher index value for "global-city status" exhibit comparatively greater socioeconomic inequality than MSAs with a lower index value. It produces statistical evidence supporting this thesis, with wide-ranging implications for globalization's imprint on metropolitan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urban areas continue to expand, traffic congestion has emerged as a significant challenge impacting urban governance and economic development. Frequent regional traffic congestion has become a primary factor hindering urban economic growth and social activities, necessitating improved regional traffic management. Addressing regional traffic optimization and control methods based on the characteristics of regional congestion has become a crucial and complex issue in the field of traffic management and control research. This paper focuses on the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) and aims to tackle the control problem without relying on traffic determination information. To address this, we introduce the Q-learning (QL) algorithm in reinforcement learning and the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm in deep reinforcement learning. Subsequently, we propose the MFD-QL perimeter control model and the MFD-DDPG perimeter control model. We conduct numerical analysis and simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness of the MFD-QL and MFD-DDPG algorithms. The experimental results show that the algorithms converge rapidly to a stable state and achieve superior control effects in optimizing regional perimeter control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas urban agriculture is a potential tool for urban local economic development (LED), there appears to be little empirical evidence that has examined how urban agriculture affects the urban local economy from a LED perspective. This research aims to examine the role of urban agriculture in the urban local economy in a developing country, Ghana. Data for the research was obtained through focus group discussions and key informant interviews with urban agriculturalists and urban local authorities in two assemblies respectively in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. The findings showed that if properly supported, urban agriculture can improve the local economy because of its multiple benefits of employment, income, and improved livelihood and food security. This study contributed to expanding the international scholarship on LED from the perspective of using urban agriculture as an LED strategy by examining the case in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid population growth in the Global South places extreme pressure on cities, making it very difficult for governments to provide the necessary housing to city dwellers. The short-term needs and demands of residents often contradict or challenge long-term central urban plans and sustainable solutions. Important but overlooked actors in the politics of sustainable urban development are community organisations that demand housing and rights to the city. Yet these organisations do not adopt the same strategies everywhere. This article examines the pathways of engagement adopted by organisations across different urban contexts and how they affect governance. These organisations contribute to sustainability politics by engaging local and national governments, allying with political parties and politicians, and informing and mobilising local populations. Drawing from a most different case design that compares São Paulo, Brazil with Accra, Ghana, we find that the ideology of the organisation, its relationship to the state and to society, and the credibility of multi-level institutions shape the success or failure of sustainable urban governance and development. We conclude that urban residents often seek change through pathways of engagement that can be generalised across diverse social contexts, but the underlying politics within civil society can undermine a sustainable urban future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the internet economy and E-commerce era, offline logistics has developed rapidly, but the problem of "last kilometer" distribution in cities and towns still exists, and Cainiao station has emerged. As a large-scale logistics hub city in China, Shanghai is more representative to explore the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the Cainiao station as the research object. Based on the POI (point of interest) data of Shanghai Cainiao station, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of Shanghai Cainiao station by using ArcGIS technology, spatial autocorrelation analysis, buffer analysis, kernel density analysis, standard deviation ellipse, nearest neighbor analysis and text analysis. In the whole study area, 90% of Cainiao station in Shanghai is located within 150 m of the service objects, and the number is inversely proportional to the distance between the nearest entry and exit points of the service objects. Affected by the level of urban economic development, population, transportation facilities, ecological environment, urban planning and other factors, the distribution of Cainiao station is extremely uneven, roughly setting up in the south-north direction. The distribution of Cainiao station in the main urban area and the suburbs presents a "multi-core agglomeration mode", and there is a big difference between them. The distribution of Cainiao station is not balanced and highly coincides with the layout of urban planning. The number of Cainiao station is positively correlated with the urban population and urban economic development level. This research results can provide some reference for the layout optimization of Cainiao station in Shanghai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic forecasting is affected by many factors. The analysis of economic data needs an intuitive and operable algorithm model. Therefore, based on this, this paper designs an urban and rural economic forecasting system based on neural network algorithm, and conducts a system test. First of all, in the data processing module, this paper adopts an efficient BP neural network algorithm based on error back propagation. This algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of data recognition. At the same time, in order to solve the identification error caused by the complexity of urban and rural economic data during data input, the data processing layer of the system can preprocess the input data and normalize the multiple linear regression algorithm. Finally, in order to further prove the availability of the neural network algorithm used in this paper, by comparing the results of the original data and the predicted data, it is concluded that the data prediction results obtained by using the model algorithm in this paper have high accuracy and are basically consistent with the target value. Finally, through the analysis of the urban and rural economic development data, the degree of coordination of urban and rural economic development is analyzed, and the urban and rural development model is constructed. This paper also further analyzes the factors that restrict the coordinated development of urban and rural economy through indicators such as population structure, economic development, residents' life, social services and ecological construction, so as to achieve a more comprehensive urban and rural economic forecast, and provide a basis for improving the development of urban and rural economy in the regional economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the motivations for participating in community development in rural and urban districts in Ghana. Participation resulted from three motivations: shared responsibility, good of the community and requirement of a good citizen. The paper found no statistically significant difference between motivations and gender, age and education. However, there was a statistically significant difference between motivations and location. The paper argues that participation in rural and urban areas may not result from similar motives. This suggests a rethink of the influence of locational factors on motives for participating in community development.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union has agreed to provide significant investment to the semiconductor industry in order to address issues of self-sufficiency and digital sovereignty. This comes on the back of the long-term decline in the competitiveness and size of the industry in Europe. These issues are of considerable significance to urban and regional economic development agendas as the industry is clustered around several European regions. This commentary seeks to examine the extent to which European policy intervention is likely to positively influence Europe's semiconductor industry. It is argued that the European semiconductor industry is at a crossroads. While it has some competitive advantages and is home to several significant clusters, it faces incessant competition from producers in Asia and the United States. It is argued that European policy should not be space neutral and aim to encourage innovation and enterprise within the sector in conjunction with existing European regional economic development policy measures. Within this approach, supporting key existing clusters through triple helix models of development are likely to be the most effective modes of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Silencing Shanghai: Language and Identity in Urban China" by Fang Xu is a book that explores the decline of the Shanghai Wu dialect in China's reform years, particularly since the 1990s. The author takes an interdisciplinary approach, examining the issue from the perspective of urban sociology. Xu's research highlights the political agendas and language policies, economic development and urban transformation, and demographic migration and dislocation that have contributed to the decline of Shanghai Wu. The book provides a comprehensive account of the changes in language and urban landscapes in Shanghai over the past two decades. While the book focuses on the role of the state in promoting Mandarin and marginalizing Shanghai Wu, it also acknowledges the complexities of the issue, including the heterogeneous nature of Shanghai Wu and the influence of globalization. Despite some flaws in methodology and linguistic scholarship, the book is a valuable addition to the literature on language politics in contemporary China and is recommended for scholars and general readers interested in Shanghai and contemporary China. [Extracted from the article]

The strategic exploration of urban sports tourism resources and the pursuit of novel trajectories for urban growth are pivotal for resource integration and competitive enhancement within cities. This investigation concentrates on Chinese city marathons and compiles daily search index data from Baidu for 38 city marathons across the nation, spanning from January 1st, 2012 to May 3rd, 2022. Employing time series clustering to evaluate the data, and in conjunction with indices related to urban tourism resources and city development, we delve into the characteristics of how Chinese city marathons propel urban growth. The findings illustrate that the search index data for the 38 city marathons can be clustered into three categories, with Xi'an, Fuzhou, and Dalian emerging as the epicenters of clustering. The representative search index data for these three clusters reveal diverse characteristics of change. The search index shifts for three landmark races align generally with the changes observed in their respective cluster center races, however, variations exist among the search index changes for these iconic marathons. The degree of search index and its trending direction in city marathons emanate from the synergistic influence of the city's political, economic, and tourism attributes, in addition to the event's prominence. City marathons also catalyze urban development through economic stimulation, image enhancement, and infrastructure improvement. Future exploration of novel trajectories for urban development could be facilitated through harnessing the economic and tourism attributes of these events, and by orchestrating a unified series of marathons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization in China has led to inefficient use of urban land and spatial structure disorder, attracting attention from academia and society. Taking the Yangtze River Delta, China as an example, this study constructed an index evaluation system that quantitatively analyses the impact of new-type urbanization (NTU) on urban land use efficiency (ULUE) from 2000 to 2020 using a panel data vector autoregressive model. The results show that NTU in the Yangtze River Delta promotes ULUE improvement. However, the promotion of NTU to ULUE is limited, and the level of urban economic development also plays a role in promoting the change of ULUE. Moreover, the study further analyzed the results of urbanization decomposition and found that population urbanization (PU), economic urbanization (EU), spatial urbanization (SU), and social urbanization (SCU) can explain changes in ULUE in the Yangtze River Delta to a certain extent. In terms of variance decomposition, PU contributed the most to ULUE, followed by EU, SU, and SCU. Some necessary measures should be taken to coordinate the development of different types of urbanization, improve the sustainable utilization level of land resources, and provide a reference for high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As heterogeneous forms of commodification threaten the survival of urban commons worldwide, in Beirut a group of residents and professionals has resorted to civic advocacy to keep the beach of Dalieh of Raouche accessible, including calling on public authorities to intervene. Combining Polanyian analysis and recent developments in the anthropology of the state, civic advocacy is recast here as a case of 'grassroots' statecraft, adapted to, as well as shaped by, the logics and discourses of late capitalism that it seeks to undo. As such, counter‐movements are reconceptualized as not only defensive, but also offensive and explicitly generative of new political projects and modes of governance. At the same time, the article pushes the argument further to suggest that 'grassroots' statecraft in the context of the protection of the commons is inherently multivocal, and that calls for, and rejection of, state intervention may be contained at once within this counter‐movement, forced to coexist by the constraints imposed by the neoliberal political‐economic system it confronts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of China's people-oriented new urbanization, the settlement willingness of new urban migrants is of great significance for urban economic development, innovation, production, and consumption. Land finance is one of the most active financial behaviors of local governments, and studying its impact on settlement willingness can fully reveal its urbanization effect and provide a reference for policy adjustment and urban management. Therefore, from the perspective of capital factor endowment, we studied the impact mechanism of land finance on the settlement willingness of new urban migrants and further explored its heterogeneity based on the 2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey of nine large cities, using the Probit model with instrumental variables (IV-PROBIT) and the mediating effect model. The results showed that: ① Land-based investment promoted the settlement willingness of new migrants, while the mode of generating income through land lease inhibited the settlement willingness. ② Land finance influenced their settlement willingness through capital factor endowment. ③ The effect of generating income through land lease was heterogeneous among different groups of people, which was possibly related to their various preferences on capital factor endowment. Therefore, local governments should not ignore the impact of land finance on the settlement willingness of migrants when obtaining investment through land finance. The local governments should give full play to urban construction when attracting land-based investment and promote urban development as well as the agglomeration of economic factors. At the same time, the local governments should try to fill the gap between fiscal revenue and expenditure by generating income through land lease and improving urban public services. In addition, the supporting policies for land finance should be improved to deal with the negative impact of land finance on the settlement willingness of new urban migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality economic development is an innovation-driven economy, and collaborative innovation is key to maximizing its effects. In terms of the influence of cooperative innovation of urban agglomerations on high-quality economic development, urban agglomerations are of considerable relevance to the coordinated development of China's regional economy. This research established an evaluation system of high-quality economic development indicators for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration based on panel data of 13 cities from 2003 to 2020, and then estimated the level of high-quality development of each city's economy. The spatial Durbin model was used in this article to examine the effects of collaborative innovation on the high-quality development of the economy. The findings indicated that, although high-quality economic development was increasing across the board in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration, it varied greatly between the individual cities. Beijing and Tianjin had much higher levels of high-quality economic development than the other cities in Hebei, and there was some variation within the Hebei cities as well. The high-quality economic development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration exhibited no spatial correlation characteristics under the weight of geographical distance. However, there was an aggregation effect on the differential relationship of economic development, which was also significant under the dual influence of economic geography. The collaborative innovation of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration could promote the high-quality economic development of both the inner and surrounding cities, and could also improve the high-quality economy development level of the overall urban agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon, and it will coexist with urban growth for many years. At the same time, the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation and information networks. However, the relationship between urban network externalities and urban population growth/shrinkage remains unclear. Therefore, based on high-speed railway (HSR) flow data, a spatial econometric model is used to explore the mechanism behind urban population growth and shrinkage from the perspective of network externalities in China. The results indicate that: 1) the urban network experiences a certain clubbing effect. Growing cities that are strongly connected are concentrated along China's main railway lines and the southeastern coastal areas, while shrinking cities that are weakly connected are distributed at the periphery of the network. 2) Moreover, the network externality disregards spatial distance and together with the agglomeration externality influences the growth and shrinking of cities. 3) Urban economic development still promotes the development of Chinese cities. However, the improvement of the urban economy has a negative cross-regional spillover effect on neighboring cities due to urban competition. 4) Lastly, Local spillovers of urban network externalities are positive, while cross-regional ones are negative. Consequently, the government needs to promote the construction of multi-dimensional network connections between cities to promote cities' sustainable development. This study reveals the relationship between urban network externalities and urban development, enriches the theories of network externalities and urban growth/shrinkage, and provides a reference for regional coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercity lighting data are an important resource for studying spatial and temporal patterns in regional urban development as an indicator of the intensity of urban social and economic activity. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial pattern of regional economic development can support decision‐making in regional economic coordination and sustainable development strategies. Based on a long time series of nighttime lighting data from 1992 to 2020, this study used the Theil index, Markoff transfer matrix, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial regression to analyze spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics and drivers of urban economic development in China. The study found that from 1992 to 2020, China's economic development hot spots have been concentrated in highly developed urban agglomerations namely the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Cold spots were mainly concentrated in the central‐west and southwest of the country. The economic growth rate shows an opposite spatial pattern, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the national coordinated development strategy for regions. The Theil index for urban economic development in China shows an overall downward trend, and the overall economic disparity is mainly due to the relatively low economic development of Tibet, Xinjiang, Gansu, and other western provinces. Therefore, regional economic development remains significantly uneven. In China, the economic type of cities is relatively stable, and the probability of leapfrogging types is low; however, the level of cities with high resource dependence or a single economic structure easily downgrades. The level of economic development and the related socioeconomic factors of neighboring cities influence an obvious spatial spillover effect in the development of urban economies in China. The pattern of China's urban economic development is mainly affected by innovation capacity, financial support, capital investment, transportation infrastructure, and industrial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Beyond the Informal: Understanding Self-organized Kampungs in Indonesia" is a book that explores the growth and development of unofficial kampungs (informal settlements) in Indonesia. The authors, Paul Jones and Ninik Suhartini, provide a comprehensive examination of these communities, integrating perspectives from both domestic and foreign sources. The book highlights the self-organization techniques employed by kampung inhabitants to maintain their way of life, despite being marginalized and excluded from the benefits of formal planning laws and policies. Through case studies of four villages in Jakarta, Bogor, and Yogyakarta, the authors illustrate the complexities and resilience of these communities. While the book offers valuable insights into the social, economic, and political aspects of informal communities, it falls short in discussing the broader impact of self-organization on Indonesia's major cities. Nonetheless, it is recommended for scholars, researchers, policymakers, and urban planners interested in public housing and sustainable development in Indonesia. [Extracted from the article]

Over the years, the growing availability of extensive datasets about registered patents allowed researchers to get a deeper insight into the drivers of technological innovation. In this work, we investigate how patents' technological contents characterise metropolitan areas' development and how innovation is related to GDP per capita. Exploiting worldwide data from 1980 to 2014, and through network-based techniques that only use information about patents, we identify coherent distinguished groups of metropolitan areas, either clustered in the same geographical area or similar in terms of their economic features. Moreover, we extend the notion of coherent diversification to patent production and show how it is linked to the economic growth of metropolitan areas. Our findings draw a picture in which technological innovation can play a key role in the economic development of urban areas. We contend that the tools introduced in this paper can be used to further explore the interplay between urban growth and technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous improvement of urban accessibility has had an increasingly prominent impact on the housing market, especially on urban housing prices. In this process, high speed rail (HSR) can play a key role. Based on urban panel data relating to the Yangtze River Delta in China (2010–2018), this paper discusses the direct impact and spatial spillover effect of HSR on urban housing prices, using a spatial econometric model. The results show that improvements in the HSR services not only significantly increased urban housing prices but also had a positive spatial spillover effect. Morover, due to the space–time compression consequence of HSR, the extant "ripple effect" of housing prices has been further strengthened, and improvements in the service frequency of HSR has brought about a stronger spatial spillover effect on housing prices. This study fills a gap in previous spatial perspective research on the impact of HSR on urban housing prices and offers significant theoretical explanations and empirical evidence. Our research provides valuable inputs for the planning and implementing of stratgies aiming to promote urban development and create economic growth through HSR construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kayseri, the ninth biggest city in Turkey, the regions opened to the ongoing construction of residential areas are expanding rapidly parallel to population growth. Soil improvement works are carried out in areas with the poor bearing capacity of foundations and in regions that are not suitable for safe construction. This event causes severe economic losses in urban development. This study proposes a (Geographic Information System) GIS-based approach to comprehensively understand the research area's underground conditions, predetermine the zones opened for construction by considering the parameters affecting the foundation of the buildings, and create an informative geotechnical model with visualization technology. For an exemplary application, a database was created with ArcGIS in the Kayseri Oymaağaç location, and geological and geotechnical data were combined. The soil properties of this one million five hundred thousand square meter area opened for new settlement were analyzed in a GIS environment. The variation of SPT-N values measured in 60 boreholes in the field with depth, soil types, groundwater levels, and Vs data were used to combine the data, and related maps were drawn. Then, maps of the liquefaction of the soil in a possible earthquake and visual maps showing the bearing capacity of the foundations were created. This study will offer the best and most reliable land-use scenarios and in situ soil properties to decision-makers such as engineers, government agencies and disaster management. It will contribute to making accurate and fast decisions in urban planning. In addition, it will also be able to use as a tool for risk management in emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling coordination mechanism between economic resilience and high-quality economic development is clarified not only to improve the capacity of economies to withstand external shocks but also to boost the level of sustainable economic development. However, economic resilience and economic quality research are still in their infancy. This study constructs an economic resilience indicator system based on the data of 28 prefecture-level cities in the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) from 2010–2019. The entropy approach was then coupled with the coupling coordination model to determine the level of coupling coordination between the two. Finally, the geographical detector was employed to reveal the coupling coordination process and driving elements. This study demonstrates that: (1) The economic resilience and high-quality economic development of the UAMRYR are on the rise; (2) The coupling coordination degree between economic resilience and high-quality economic development is improving, with the average value increasing from 0.33 in 2010 to 0.46 in 2019, exhibiting a Core-Periphery spatial distribution pattern with Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang as the core; (3) The economic resilience resistance subsystem plays a substantial role in the driving influence of the coupling coordination degree, where the total retail sales of consumer goods indicator have an explanatory power of 0.8 or higher for coupled coordination. Innovation and inclusiveness thoroughly drive the coupling coordination degree among the five subsystems of high-quality economic development, where the q-value of the number of urban basic endowment insurance participants index is at least 0.9. Additionally, the interplay of the components demonstrates a complementary enhancement impact and a two-factor enhancement effect; (4) Economic resilience and high-quality economic development are complementary and provide a powerful incentive for the sustainable development of urban economic systems to achieve higher quality, more efficient, more egalitarian, and more sustainable economic development. Overall, this study improves the analysis of mechanism between economic resilience and high-quality economic development, and it provides more targeted guidance for economic development in the UARMRYR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increased efforts by the South African Government to minimise environmental degradation, the surface water in urban water sources is still highly polluted. This is a hazard to many urban and suburban communities and workers who use the water from urban river environments. In this study, we aim to determine the impact of poor stream conditions on the health of stream workers in Umlazi. We used the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework to explore the susceptibility to and the severity of health hazards that affect stream workers’ health state. A qualitative case study design was used. The data were collected through interviews (n = 25) from community-based cooperatives and employees of municipality departments who are involved in the management of streams in the Umlazi Township. The data were recorded, transcribed, coded and thematically analysed. Current stream conditions were perceived to be deteriorating, which affected stream workers’ health and perception of safety. The streams were noted to have medical waste, venomous snakes, other pests and insects, sewer leakages and illegal sewer connections created to compensate for the general lack of services from the municipality. Cholera and diarrhoea were identified as the prominent health threats because of the prevailing stream conditions. Improving the working conditions of sanitation workers would contribute to ensuring the health and promoting the well-being of all people of all ages in the area by reducing their exposure to unsafe chemicals on the job, ensuring sustainable management of water and sanitation for all and providing decent work conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban vegetation affects the environment in several ways. It improves air quality, the height of drainage water, and soil properties, balances temperature variations (temperatures are lower in summer and higher in winter in the presence of urban vegetation), reduces UV radiation, reduces noise, increases relative air humidity and contributes to certain types of social development (ecological, aesthetic, economic aspects of urban development). Urban vegetation especially improves microclimatic conditions in large cities and considerably contributes to the urban increase of oxygen. It is of vital interest to pay attention to its size and quantity in urban areas. To assess CO2 absorption and O2 release, the photosynthesis of five tree species and three types of herbaceous plants species was measured. The obtained results show that there is a certain variability in terms of the species that was analyzed. Thus, fast-growing woody deciduous species are more suitable due to the greater and faster growth of biomass, which requires a larger amount of CO2 compared to herbaceous species. The careful calculation indicates the requirement of two to four trees per person or 30-40 m2 of a grassy area per person to balance the inhabitant oxygen consumption. For the overall contribution of green vegetation, the multiple qualitative benefits of green areas in urban areas should certainly be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The balance between agricultural development and maintenance of agro-ecological environment becomes a huge challenge because of global climate changes. Existing literature on the low-carbon pilot policy proposed by the government of China and whether the problems of agricultural development and agricultural environmental protection can be solved or not have not been reviewed. This paper analyzes the impact of low-carbon pilot policies on agricultural eco-efficiency by using SARAR model based on the data of 281 cities in China. Results show the spatial spillover effects between low-carbon pilot policies and agricultural eco-efficiency. The implementation of low-carbon pilot policy can improve agricultural eco-efficiency. Although restrained by agricultural economic development, this policy has disequilibrium effect on agricultural eco-efficiency, has a relatively large impact on agricultural eco-efficiency in western China and other poor areas, and promotes the reduction of agricultural carbon emission. The effect of the implementation of low-carbon pilot policy is affected by the initial agricultural economic development and urban economic conditions. This research aims to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency and enforce the green development of the agricultural economy via the perspective of the low-carbon pilot policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new mode of economic development, night-time economy has gradually become the new power of urban economic development. Based on the panel data of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2012 to 2019, this paper first discussed the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the night-time economic development level of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration by using the kernel density estimation method and spatial autocorrelation analysis, and then constructed a spatial panel model to conduct an empirical study on the influencing factors of the night-time economic development level. The results show that the night-time economic development level of most cities is still in the middle and low stage, but the overall development level is constantly improving and the polarization trend is decreasing year by year. It presents a spatial distribution pattern centered on Shanghai and gradually decreasing towards inland and periphery, with strong positive spatial correlation, and the spatial correlation features are mainly “high-high” and “low-low” aggregation types. Per capita disposable income, urbanization level, industrial structure and government capital investment all significantly promote the nighttime economic development in this region. There are spatial spillover effects in urbanization level, industrial structure and transportation level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic geographers have paid much attention to the cultural and creative industries, both for their propensity to cluster in urban settings, and their potential to drive urban economic development. However, evidence on the latter is surprisingly sparse. In this article, we explore the long-term, causal impacts of the cultural and creative industries on surrounding urban economies. Adapting Moretti's local multipliers framework, we build a new twenty-year panel of UK cities, using historical instruments to identify causal effects of creative activity on noncreative firms and employment. We find that each creative job generates at least 1.9 nontradable jobs between 1998 and 2018. Prior to 2007, these effects seem more rooted in creative services employees' local spending than visitors to creative amenities. Given the low numbers of creative jobs in most cities, the overall impact of the creative multiplier is small. On average, the creative sector is responsible for over 16 percent of nontradable job growth in our sample, though impacts will be larger in bigger clusters. We do not find the same effects for workplaces, and we find no causal evidence for spillovers from creative activity to other tradable sectors. In turn, this implies that creative city policies will have partial, uneven local economic impacts. Given extensive urban clusters of creative activity in many countries, our results hold value beyond the UK setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article forms part of the debate regarding the relevance of using industrial heritage as an engine for territorial and urban development. It begins by studying the concept of industrial heritage and recognition of the same as cultural heritage and, subsequently, using the city of Malaga as a case study, analyses the industrialisation process that the city experienced from the 19th to the end of the 20th century and the current state of conservation of its built industrial heritage. It also undertakes a study of the specific instruments, for the most part strategic planning, that have been implemented as a means to incorporate cultural heritage as an asset for a new urban model for the city in an effort to understand how these instruments envisage the revitalisation and recovery of industrial heritage. The study concludes that this heritage, despite constituting one of the city's principal hallmarks, has received only partial and biased attention in terms of the numerous urban reclassification projects that have been undertaken, and has yet to find its role in the new urban model. This raises the need to revitalise these heritage resources in an effort to encourage fairer, more equitable urban and economic development processes that contemplate the reasonable use of the industrial heritage that constitutes the bedrock of the city's identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work analyzes the failures of the implementation of public policies in the current context with the classic approaches, to then determine how a non-conventional definition where elements of the complex paradigm are taken. The research is of a documentary and comparative nature where different definitions and approaches of some authors are analyzed to contrast them with the definition reached by determining the elements of complexity. Likewise, determine the authors who have indications of the use of the complex approach from their own perspectives. These definitions are analyzed in order to detect the failures in social development programs, not only in the implementation, but also in the design, and this will serve to improve their functioning and thus achieve the objectives for which they were created, since in reality we continue to see and experience the persistence of these public problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to breast cancer diagnostic regional wait times exceeding both national and provincial standards and to symptomatic patient referrals for diagnostic mammography taking longer than abnormal screening mammography referrals, the Rae Fawcett Breast Health Clinic (RFBHC) was opened in 2017 in a mid-sized Canadian hospital serving both urban and rural-remote communities. We investigated whether the RFBHC improved wait times to breast cancer diagnosis, improved compliance with national and provincial breast cancer standards, and decreased the wait time disparity associated with referral source. Statistical analyses of wait time differences were conducted between patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer prior to and after the RFBHC establishment. Study group compliance with national and provincial standards and wait time differences by referral source were also analysed. A survey was administered to assess overall patient experience with the RFBHC and clinic wait times. RFBHC patients had a shorter mean wait to breast cancer diagnosis (24.4 vs. 45.7 days, p ≤ 0.001) and a shorter mean wait to initial breast cancer treatment (49.1 vs. 78.9 days, p ≤ 0.001) than pre-RFBHC patients. After the RFBHC establishment, patients who attended the RFBHC had a shorter mean wait time to breast cancer diagnosis (24.4 vs. 36.9 days, p = 0.005) and to initial treatment (49.1 vs. 73.1 days, p ≤ 0.001) than patients who did not attend the clinic. Compliance with national and provincial breast cancer standards improved after the RFBHC establishment and the wait time disparity between screening mammography referrals and symptomatic patient referrals decreased. Survey results indicate that the RFBHC is meeting patient expectations. We concluded that the establishment of a breast health clinic in a Canadian center serving urban and rural-remote communities improved breast diagnostic services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development zones constitute a special type of place‐based policy that has been implemented worldwide. As an essential economic development engine, Chinese National Economic and Technological Development Zones (NETDZs) are perceived as a successful example. However, few studies have looked into the channel effects at work in development zones concerning industrialization and urbanization, despite the crucial nature of such effects with regard to sustainable development of development zones. Following a brief description of NETDZs and their theoretical mechanisms with urban economic performance, industrialization, and urbanization, this study used a simultaneous equation model to generate empirical evidence of the impact of the establishment of NETDZs on urban economic performance and its channel effects through industrialization and urbanization. The results confirm that NETDZs exerts a positive and significant impact on urban economic performance, and NETDZs also show indirect influence in urban growth through urbanization. Although significant and positive intermediation of industrialization remains invalid, foreign direct investment and investment in fixed assets are still crucial in Chinese industrialization. Both industrialization and urbanization play an important role in Chinese urban economic development. Meanwhile, compared with eastern regions more influenced by urbanization, industrialization still acts as a major impetus in inland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]