1. Timing of Holocene Surface‐Ruptures Across Adjacent Rupture‐Segments Where the Jinsha River Crosses the Yushu Fault, Qinghai Province, China.
- Author
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Bartholomew, Mervin J., Liu, Demin, Mickelson, Andrew M., Brugere, Lian, Rittenour, Tammy, and Sun, Guo Q.
- Subjects
PALEOSEISMOLOGY ,SURFACE fault ruptures ,GEOMORPHOLOGICAL research ,YUSHU Earthquake, China, 2010 - Abstract
The Yushu fault, part of the Yushu–Ganzi fault zone, is one of several E‐W‐trending left‐lateral, strike‐slip fault zones that extend across the Tibetan Plateau accommodating lateral transfer of crustal material out of the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Discontinuous left‐lateral surface rupture occurred along WNW‐ESE‐striking, near‐vertical faults during two Mw 6.9 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquakes. Geomorphic and surface‐rupture characteristics change at the base of a red cliff separating the Guoqiong and Buqionggei segments. Excavations across these segments near the Jinsha River show: (a) more continuous deposition on the down‐dropped side; and (b) how frequently these surface‐rupture histories were linked or sequential (major to great earthquakes) versus not linked (moderate/strong to large earthquakes). Trench CUG‐2011‐1 and roadcut CUG‐2012‐1 (Guoqiong segment) were on older fan surfaces and Trench CUG‐2012‐2 (Buqionggei segment) crossed a narrow graben. On the Guoqiong segment, using OxCal v.4.4 that works with IntCal20 database for Bayesian‐ordered ages from four 14C and nine OSL ages, surface ruptures occurred during earthquakes at 2010CE, ∼200BCE, ∼2400BCE, ∼4250BCE, ∼6750BCE, ∼7400BCE and ∼10400BCE consistent with an ∼2200‐year Holocene recurrence interval. For the Buqionggei segment, Bayesian‐ordered ages from six OSL ages indicate three Holocene surface ruptures occurred at 2010CE, ∼4600BCE and ∼6750BCE. Surface ruptures on both segments (suggesting linked or sequential major to great earthquakes) only occurred two to three times at 2010CE, ∼4500BCE and/or ∼6750BCE. Thus, risk of infrequent major to great Holocene earthquakes is ∼2400–∼8800 years along the Yushu fault. Plain Language Summary: We dug trenches across the Yushu fault near Guoqingyi Rodgsongdub where surface rupture related to 2010 Yushu earthquake first crosses the Jinsha River. Left lateral slip‐slip, surface rupture diminishes from 2.1 m in wide terraces and the floodplain just west of the river to 0.2 m across the narrow youngest late Holocene terrace east of the river. Thus, the river roughly separates two different segments of the Yushu fault. To the west, seven surface ruptures occurred regularly every ∼2200 years for the last 12000 years. To the east, three irregularly spaced surface ruptures occurred over the same time. We suggest stronger earthquakes (i.e., 2010 Yushu earthquake) occur when both segments lock and rupture as Major to Great earthquakes whereas unlocked Moderate to Large earthquakes occur when only one segment ruptures. Key Points: Earthquake characteristics change across a segment boundary of the active Yushu faultWest of where the Jinsha River first crosses the Yushu fault, seven surface ruptures occurred regularly every ∼2200 years for the last ∼12000 years; east of the river's terraces, only three irregularly spaced surface ruptures occurred over the same time periodWe suggest stronger earthquakes (e.g., 2010 Yushu earthquake) occur when both segments rupture as Major to Great earthquakes whereas only Moderate to Large earthquakes occur when only one segment ruptures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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