28 results on '"Álvarez, Isaac"'
Search Results
2. Proyecto cooperativo entre asignaturas de Ingeniería Electrónica
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Girbés Juan, Vicent, primary, Esperante Pereira, Daniel, additional, Amorós López, Julia, additional, Espí Huerta, José Miguel, additional, Maset Sancho, Enrique, additional, Ramírez Muñoz, Diego, additional, Calvo Díaz-Aldagalan, David, additional, Mazorra de Cos, José, additional, and Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, additional
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- 2023
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3. APASVO: A free software tool for automatic P-phase picking and event detection in seismic traces
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Romero, José Emilio, Titos, Manuel, Bueno, Ángel, Álvarez, Isaac, García, Luz, Torre, Ángel de la, and Benítez, M<ce:sup loc='post">a</ce:sup> Carmen
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- 2016
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4. Automatic quality assessment and peak identification of auditory brainstem responses with fitted parametric peaks
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Valderrama, Joaquin T., de la Torre, Angel, Alvarez, Isaac, Segura, Jose Carlos, Thornton, A. Roger. D., Sainz, Manuel, and Vargas, Jose Luis
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- 2014
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5. A study of adaptation mechanisms based on ABR recorded at high stimulation rate
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Valderrama, Joaquin T., de la Torre, Angel, Alvarez, Isaac, Segura, Jose Carlos, Thornton, A. Roger D., Sainz, Manuel, and Vargas, Jose Luis
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- 2014
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6. Reducing blanking artifact in electrically evoked compound action potentials
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Alvarez, Isaac, de la Torre, Angel, Sainz, Manuel, and Roldán, Cristina
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- 2010
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7. An improved masker-probe method for stimulus artifact reduction in electrically evoked compound action potentials
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Alvarez, Isaac, de la Torre, Angel, Sainz, Manuel, Roldan, Cristina, Schoesser, Hansjoerg, and Spitzer, Philipp
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- 2008
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8. Generalized alternating stimulation: A novel method to reduce stimulus artifact in electrically evoked compound action potentials
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Alvarez, Isaac, de la Torre, Angel, Sainz, Manuel, Roldan, Cristina, Schoesser, Hansjoerg, and Spitzer, Philipp
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- 2007
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9. VINEDA—Volcanic INfrasound Explosions Detector Algorithm
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Bueno, Angel, primary, Diaz-Moreno, Alejandro, additional, Álvarez, Isaac, additional, De la Torre, Angel, additional, Lamb, Oliver D., additional, Zuccarello, Luciano, additional, and De Angelis, Silvio, additional
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- 2019
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10. Offensive Transitions in High-Performance Football: Differences Between UEFA Euro 2008 and UEFA Euro 2016
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Maneiro, Rubén, primary, Casal, Claudio A., additional, Álvarez, Isaac, additional, Moral, José Enrique, additional, López, Sergio, additional, Ardá, Antonio, additional, and Losada, José Luís, additional
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- 2019
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11. Offensive Transitions in High-Performance Football: Differences Between UEFA Euro 2008 and UEFA Euro 2016
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Maneiro, Rubén, Casal, Claudio Alberto, Álvarez, Isaac, Moral-García, José Enrique, López García, Sergio, Ardá Suárez, Antonio, Losada, J.L., Maneiro, Rubén, Casal, Claudio Alberto, Álvarez, Isaac, Moral-García, José Enrique, López García, Sergio, Ardá Suárez, Antonio, and Losada, J.L.
- Abstract
[Abstract] Coaches, footballers and researchers agree that offensive transitions are one of the most important moments in football today. In a sport where defense over attack dominates, with low scores on the scoreboard, the importance of these actions from the offensive point of view becomes very important. Despite this, scientific literature is still very limited on this topic. Therefore, the objectives set out in the present investigation have been two: first, by means of a proportion analysis and the application of a chisquare test, it was intended to describe the possible differences between the offensive transitions made in the UEFA Euro 2008 and UEFA Euro 2016; then, through different multivariate analyzes based on logistic regression models, it was intended to know the possible differences among the proposed models. Using observational methodology as a methodological filter, 1,533 offensive transitions corresponding to the observation of the quarter final, semifinal, and final quarter of UEFA Euro 2008 and UEFA Euro 2016 have been analyzed. The results obtained have shown that offensive transitions between both championships have changed throughout both UEFA Euro, as well as some of the variables or behaviors associated with them (p < 0.05). The predictive models considered, although they have been developed from the same predictor variables, have also yielded different results for both championships, evidencing predictive differences among themselves. These results allow to corroborate that the offensive phase in high level football, specifically in what refers to moments of transition defense-attack, have evolved over these 8 years. At the applied level, the results of this research allow coaches to have current and contemporary information on these actions, potentially allowing them to improve their offensive performance during competition
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- 2019
12. Ressenyes
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Gustau Erill i Pinyot, Llonch Casanovas, Montserrat, Álvarez, Isaac, Dueñas Iturbe, Oriol, Benaul, Josep M., Dalmases, Antoni, Cisteró, Antoni, Marín i Corbera, Martí, and González, Aleix
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- 2018
13. Continuous Broadband MWP True-Time Delay with PbS-PMMA and -SU8 waveguides
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Perez, Joaquin, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Hervás-Peralta, Javier, Ricchiuti, Amelia Lavinia, Martinez-Pastor, Juan P., Sales Maicas, Salvador, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Telecomunicació, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Perez, Joaquin, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Hervás-Peralta, Javier, Ricchiuti, Amelia Lavinia, Martinez-Pastor, Juan P., and Sales Maicas, Salvador
- Abstract
[EN] A new microwave true-time delay (TTD) photonic unit based on the dispersion of PbS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in a Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the SU8 photoresist is presented. With this aim, the PbS-PMMA and PbS-SU8 nanocomposites are integrated on a silicon platform in the form of a planar and ridge waveguides, respectively. When PbS QDs on those structures are pumped below their band-gap, a phase shift and a temporal delay in an optically conveyed (at 1550 nm) microwave signal is performed. The results of these devices show potential benefits over current TTD technologies, since the proposed photonic waveguide structures allows real-time adjustment of the temporal delay by tuning the power of the pumping signal, more than 3.5 ps over 25 GHz, and a high level of integration due to the novel proposed photonic waveguide structures and the materials used.
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- 2016
14. MWP phase shifters integrated in PbS-SU8 waveguides
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Comunicaciones - Departament de Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Nanofotónica - Institut Universitari de Tecnologia Nanofotònica, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, European Commission, Hervás Peralta, Javier, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Perez, Joaquin, Rodríguez Cantó, Pedro Javier, Abargues, Rafael, Martinez-Pastor, J.P., Sales Maicas, Salvador, Capmany Francoy, José, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Comunicaciones - Departament de Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Nanofotónica - Institut Universitari de Tecnologia Nanofotònica, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, European Commission, Hervás Peralta, Javier, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Perez, Joaquin, Rodríguez Cantó, Pedro Javier, Abargues, Rafael, Martinez-Pastor, J.P., Sales Maicas, Salvador, and Capmany Francoy, José
- Abstract
“© 2015 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited", [EN] We present new kind of microwave phase shifters (MPS) based on dispersion of PbS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in commercially available photoresist SU8 after a ligand exchange process. Ridge PbS-SU8 waveguides are implemented by integration of the nanocomposite in a silicon platform. When these waveguides are pumped at wavelengths below the band-gap of the PbS QDs, a phase shift in an optically conveyed (at 1550 nm) microwave signal is produced. The strong light confinement produced in the ridge waveguides allows an improvement of the phase shift as compared to the case of planar structures. Moreover, a novel ridge bilayer waveguide composed by a PbS-SU8 nanocomposite and a SU8 passive layer is proposed to decrease the propagation losses of the pump beam and in consequence to improve the microwave phase shift up to 36.5° at 25 GHz. Experimental results are reproduced by a theoretical model based on the slow light effect produced in a semiconductor waveguide due to the coherent population oscillations. The resulting device shows potential benefits respect to the current MPS technologies since it allows a fast tunability of the phase shift and a high level of integration due to its small size.
- Published
- 2015
15. Proyecto de mejora de la sostenibilidad del Campo de Golf de San Miguel de Abona
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Hernández Álvarez, Isaac M., Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, and Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC)
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Camps de golf ,Campos de golf ,Sustainable development ,golf courses ,Desenvolupament sostenible ,sostenibilitat ,sostenibilidad ,sustainability ,Desarrollo sostenible - Abstract
Proyecto de mejora de la sostenibilidad del Campo de Golf de San Miguel de Abona, realizado por Isaac M. Hernández Álvarez en el contexto académico correspondiente a los estudios de Economía y Empresa / Turismo de la UOC. El Desarrollo Sostenible tiene por objeto sensibilizar a los ciudadanos, ante los aspectos que hacen a la sostenibilidad de un destino o empresas (en este caso turísticos) en sus tres vértices económico, socio-cultural y medioambiental, y al mismo tiempo dotarlos de las herramientas adecuadas para optimizar la sostenibilidad en todos sus proyectos. Projecte de millora de la sostenibilitat del Camp de Golf de San Miguel de Abona, realitzat per Isaac M. Hernández Álvarez en el context acadèmic corresponent als estudis d'Economia i Empresa / Turisme de la UOC. El Desenvolupament Sostenible té per objecte sensibilitzar els ciutadans, davant els aspectes que fan a la sostenibilitat d'una destinació o empreses (en aquest cas turístics) en els seus tres vèrtexs econòmic, sociocultural i mediambiental, i alhora dotar-los de les eines adequades per optimitzar la sostenibilitat en tots els seus projectes. Sustainable Improvement Project for the Golf San Miguel de Abona, by Isaac M. Hernández Álvarez in the academic context of the UOC's Economics and Business/Tourism studies. Sustainable Development aims to raise public awareness, to the aspects related to the sustainability of destinations or tourism companies in its Economic, Socio-Cultural and Environmental facets, and at the same time providing them the appropriate tools to optimize the sustainability of all their projects.
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- 2010
16. Informaciones
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de Salas, Jaime, Ortega Villalobos, Julio, Ortega, Juan Fernando, Álvarez, Isaac, and Muñiz, Jaime Nicolás
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lcsh:Philosophy (General) ,lcsh:B1-5802 - Published
- 1991
17. Colloidal Quantum Dots-PMMA Waveguides as Integrable Microwave Photonic Phase Shifters
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Nanofotónica - Institut Universitari de Tecnologia Nanofotònica, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Comunicaciones - Departament de Comunicacions, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Generalitat Valenciana, Ricchiuti, Amelia L., Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Barrera Vilar, David, Rodríguez Cantó, Pedro Javier, Fernandez-Pousa, Carlos R., Abargues, Rafael, Sales Maicas, Salvador, Martinez-Pastor, Juan, Capmany Francoy, José, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Nanofotónica - Institut Universitari de Tecnologia Nanofotònica, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Comunicaciones - Departament de Comunicacions, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Generalitat Valenciana, Ricchiuti, Amelia L., Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Barrera Vilar, David, Rodríguez Cantó, Pedro Javier, Fernandez-Pousa, Carlos R., Abargues, Rafael, Sales Maicas, Salvador, Martinez-Pastor, Juan, and Capmany Francoy, José
- Abstract
“© © 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”, A novel scheme for the control of microwave signals carried at optical wavelengths by use of PbS colloidal quantum dots embedded in PMMA waveguides is presented. When these structures are pumped at wavelengths where PbS has efficient absorption (980 or 1310 nm), a phase shift in a signal carried at 1550 nm is induced. Optimal conditions have been analyzed by studying the influence of the microwave signal and the waveguide structure. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a continuous phase shift up to 35° at 25 GHz has been demonstrated, with good thermal stability (<2° at 25 GHz) when the samples are heated 20 °C above room temperature. The potential benefits of the use of this active-waveguide technology in microwave photonics are due to the continuous scan of the phase delay, its high tuning speed, and its small size, which leads to the possibility of integration.
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- 2014
18. Parallel System Architecture (PSA): An efficient approach for automatic recognition of volcano-seismic events
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Cortés, Guillermo, primary, García, Luz, additional, Álvarez, Isaac, additional, Benítez, Carmen, additional, de la Torre, Ángel, additional, and Ibáñez, Jesús, additional
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- 2014
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19. Temperature Sensor Based on Colloidal Quantum Dots PMMA Nanocomposite Waveguides
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Comunicaciones - Departament de Comunicacions, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Bueno Martínez, Antonio, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Abargues, Rafael, Sales Maicas, Salvador, J. MARTÍNEZ-PASTOR, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Comunicaciones - Departament de Comunicacions, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Bueno Martínez, Antonio, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Abargues, Rafael, Sales Maicas, Salvador, and J. MARTÍNEZ-PASTOR
- Abstract
In this paper, integrated temperature sensors based on active nanocomposite planar waveguides are presented. The nanocomposites consist of cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix. When the samples are heated in a temperature range from 25$^{circ}{rm C}$ to 50 $^{circ}{rm C}$, the waveguided photoluminescence of QDs suffers from a strong intensity decrease, which is approximately quadratic dependent on temperature. Moreover, the wavelength peak of the waveguided emission spectrum of CdTe-PMMA shows a blue shift of 0.25 ${rm nm}/^{circ}{rm C}$, whereas it remains constant in the case of CdSe-PMMA. A temperature resolution of 0.1$^{circ}{rm C}$ is obtained. QD waveguides have great potential for the development of photonic sensors because of their integration, multiplexing, and roll-to-roll fabrication capabilities.
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- 2012
20. Size dependent carrier thermal escape and transfer in bimodally distributed self assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots
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Generalitat Valenciana, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Muñoz-Matutano, G., Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Canet-Ferrer, J., Alén, Benito, Rivas, D., Seravalli, Luca, Trevisi, G., Frigeri, Paola, Martínez Pastor, Juan Pascual, Generalitat Valenciana, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Muñoz-Matutano, G., Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, Canet-Ferrer, J., Alén, Benito, Rivas, D., Seravalli, Luca, Trevisi, G., Frigeri, Paola, and Martínez Pastor, Juan Pascual
- Abstract
We have investigated the temperature dependent recombination dynamics in two bimodally distributed InAs self assembled quantum dots samples. A rate equations model has been implemented to investigate the thermally activated carrier escape mechanism which changes from exciton-like to uncorrelated electron and hole pairs as the quantum dot size varies. For the smaller dots, we find a hot exciton thermal escape process. We evaluated the thermal transfer process between quantum dots by the quantum dot density and carrier escape properties of both samples. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.
- Published
- 2012
21. Sistema de administración de donaciones para ONG y entidades de servicio (SAD)
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Dávila Escobar, José Alberto, Marinero Tobar, Carlos Eduardo, Álvarez, Isaac, Dávila Escobar, José Alberto, Marinero Tobar, Carlos Eduardo, and Álvarez, Isaac
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El trabajo que se presenta a continuación tiene como propósito dar a conocer los aspectos principales del tema de investigación "Sistema de Administración de Donaciones (SAD)". En el país existen en promedio unas ciento noventa y cinco ONG o entidades de servicio legalmente establecidas, encargándose de recibir y distribuir las donaciones provenientes del exterior e interior del territorio nacional. Una de estas entidades es Visión Mundial, una organización internacional sin fines de lucro (ONG) que cuenta con una dependencia en este país denominada Visión Mundial El Salvador.
- Published
- 2002
22. El profesor elegido [Manuscrito] : juguete cómico-lírico, en un acto y en prosa. Emp.: Lo primero que necesitamos es una criada (h. 3)... Fin.: vuestra palmada (h. 21)
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Moreno Álvarez, Isaac, Barrera, Tomás 1870-1938, Moreno Álvarez, Isaac, and Barrera, Tomás 1870-1938
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Texto con correcciones, Al final: Por enfermedad del autor de la letra, don Isaac Moreno Álvarez, y por su orden, Ricardo Angulo, Paz, Teatro (2ª ed.), Lo primero que necesitamos es una criada (h. 3)... vuestra palmada (h. 21), En portada: Madrid, noviembre de 1896, En blanco las h. 10v-11, 14v-15r y 19
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- 1896
23. Improving Volcanic Data Storage and Management by means of a SQL Database.
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Mora, Antonio, Romero, Gustavo, Benítez, Carmen, Titos, Manuel, Mota, Sonia, and Álvarez, Isaac
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- 2019
24. Using RNN for automatic detection and classification of volcano seismic signals at Deception Island Volcano.
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Titos, Manuel, Bueno, Ángel, García, Luz, Zuccarello, Luciano, Álvarez, Isaac, Ibañez, Jesús, and Benítez, Carmen
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- 2019
25. Automatic detection and characterization of low frequency seismicity: Long Period events detection and clusterization into families. An example case for Mt. Etna.
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García, Luz, Zucarello, Luciano, Álvarez, Isaac, Benítez, Carmen, Cuius, Arianna, Titos, Manuel, Bueno, Angel, Mota, Sonia, Prudencio, Janire, and Ibáñez, Jesús
- Published
- 2019
26. Nuevas estrategias de registro de potenciales evocados auditivos utilizando estimulación monoaural aleatorizada en intensidad y estimulación binaural
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Martínez Martínez, Marta, Ruiz Álvarez, Isaac Manuel, Valderrama Valenzuela, Joaquín Tomás, and Universidad de Granada. Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública
- Abstract
Los potenciales evocados auditivos (PEA) son una serie de ondas de voltaje que se registran mediante técnicas de electroencefalografía, y se utilizan en aplicaciones clínicas y de investigación para estudiar de manera no invasiva la actividad neuronal de la vía auditiva. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral consiste en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de registro de PEA que [Objetivo 1] mejoren la detección de respuesta neuronal por parte de un evaluador experimentado—un proceso crítico en la correcta interpretación clínica de estas señales, y [Objetivo 2] proporcionen nuevos indicadores de audición binaural— procesos que juegan un papel fundamental para la comunicación en ambientes ruidosos. Con respecto al primer objetivo, los potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco cerebral (PEATC) se usan con frecuencia como método para determinar el umbral auditivo en la práctica clínica diaria, sobre todo en niños o pacientes no colaboradores. Sin embargo, el tiempo de realización de esta prueba es sustancial, pues la vía auditiva se estimula con distintas intensidades de forma secuencial hasta obtener el umbral auditivo, lo cual repercute en ineficiencias en la práctica clínica. En esta tesis se ha desarrollado una nueva metodología para la obtención del registro de PEATC basada en estimulación aleatorizada en intensidad o RSL (por sus siglas en inglés, randomized stimulation level) en la que el nivel del estímulo está aleatorizado. Esta nueva forma de estimulación permite al evaluador visualizar los PEATC obtenidos a distintas intensidades desde el comienzo de la sesión, lo cual acelera la detección de respuesta neuronal y la identificación de las componentes. Además, este estudio ha demostrado que los sujetos de evaluación perciben mayor confort auditivo con el estímulo RSL propuesto. Esto es de gran importancia para el éxito de la exploración audiológica especialmente en niños, porque es fundamental que el paciente se encuentre inmóvil durante la prueba para evitar artefactos en el registro. Con respecto al segundo objetivo, esta tesis presenta una nueva metodología de registro de actividad binaural mediante una respuesta transiente a las diferencias interaurales de tiempo o ITD (por sus siglas en inglés, interaural time differences). La audición binaural se define como la capacidad para integrar los estímulos auditivos de los dos oídos, permitiendo localizar las distintas fuentes sonoras y mejorar la inteligibilidad de la voz en ambientes ruidosos. La nueva metodología propuesta en esta tesis doctoral proporciona una respuesta transiente sensible a cambios en ITD que se caracteriza por ser reproducible entre los diferentes sujetos y porque permite localizar los centros generadores de la misma en la vía auditiva, lo cual tiene gran relevancia para futuras aplicaciones clínicas. Esta tesis doctoral presenta de manera detallada las distintas metodologías empleadas, la descripción de las técnicas y los procedimientos desarrollados durante la investigación, incluyendo abundante material suplementario. Por último, se discuten los resultados obtenidos en los experimentos y la relevancia de las conclusiones de este trabajo., Tesis Univ. Granada., PID2020-119073GB-I00, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, B-TIC-382-UGR20, Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- Published
- 2022
27. Manipulation of emitted light by structured lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for photonics applications
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Pashaei Adl, Hamid, Martínez Pastor, Juan Pascual, Muñoz Matutano, Guillermo, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, and Departament de Física Aplicada i Electromagnetisme
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nanocrystals ,FÍSICA [UNESCO] ,UNESCO::FÍSICA ,photonics applications - Abstract
Historically, active materials in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have been implemented using III-V semiconductors, glasses, and ferroelectrics doped with rare-earth ions. However, there is a low-cost alternative based on (nano)materials synthesized using colloidal chemistry techniques. Their use in colloidal suspensions allows for the easy integration into any optical architecture via coating or printing techniques. The structure of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are compounds with general formula ABX3, being A an inorganic or organic bulky cation, B a metal cation such as Pb2+ or Sn2+ and X the halide anion. In this context, all inorganic CsPbX3 (with X = Cl, Br, I) PNCs have recently emerged as an outstanding material with fascinating optical properties, such as a high absorption efficiency, a quantum yield of emission exceeding 90% at room temperature, a tunable band gap depending on chemical composition or size and shape tuning, and high nonlinear optical coefficients. A remarkable point of the CsPbX3 PNCs is the tuning of their band gap, and consequently of their light emission spectrum, by modifying the composition of the halide anion (X): their peak wavelength is observed at around 400 nm (near UV), 510 nm (green) and 680 nm (deep red) for X = Cl, Br and I, respectively, in addition to the ClxBryI1-x-y combinations with 0≤x, y≤1. Moreover, light emission of these PNCs is characterized by high color purity, with PL Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) as low as 20 nm for CsPbBr3(green emission) and less than 15 nm for those of CsPbCl3 (emission in blue-violet). In light of these considerations, the goal of this Ph.D. thesis is to fully reveal the significance of PNCs as an active material for photonics and quantum technologies, from both a fundamental and an application standpoint. For the first research objective within that goal, it is mandatory to examine all physical mechanisms responsible for spontaneous emission in PNCs. In the first step, single PNC samples are analyzed as basic building blocks from which more sophisticated architectures can be built. Controlling emitted light in single PNCs and fully characterizing its dependence on excitation fluence, temperature, and ambient conditions, as well as its dynamics, is a major step forward. Once the optimal conditions for PNCs are established, the PNCs can be used to grow super-crystals (SCs) to study super-fluorescence (SF) coherent light and cavity modes within SCs in the second step. The thermal decoherence of this SF will be the next step to be studied, because it is necessary to get coherent light from low to room temperature (RT) for use in photonics and quantum devices. All these results provide novel knowledge on the possible use of cesium lead halide PNCs as an active material and can pave the road for new quantum photonic devices based on PNCs. A second objective is focused on the applications of these PNCs in photonics. Particularly, Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) have recently grasped much attention because they possess the ability for broadband manipulation of the photon density of states and sub-wavelength light confinement. These exceptional properties arise due to the excitation of electromagnetic states with high momentum (high-k modes). Accordingly, HMMs are properly designed, simulated, and fabricated as a fantastic photonic structure able to control the spontaneous emission rate (to achieve Purcell enhancement) of lead halide PNCs deposited on the top. Finally, in order to overcome the PL intensity reduction of the emitters deposited on top of the HMM structures caused by the coupling of perovskite emitters to the HMM modes, due to preferential emission of light into the high-k HMM modes, these HMM structures were modified by light scattering centers. The modifying strategy is easily implemented by dispersing spherical dielectric Mie scatterers onto the HMM/PMMA substrate at the same time. In light of the above-written results, this Ph.D. thesis suggests that colloidal PNCs are promising candidates for opening the way for a new generation of quantum and photonic applications and devices.
- Published
- 2021
28. Optoelectronic devices based on caesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
- Author
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Navarro Arenas, Juan, Martínez Pastor, Juan Pascual, Suárez Álvarez, Isaac, and Departament de Física Aplicada i Electromagnetisme
- Subjects
nanotechnology ,perovskite nanocrystals ,optoelectronics ,Hollow-core fibers ,UNESCO::FÍSICA ,Integrated optics ,perovskite materials ,charge transport ,amplified spontaneous emission ,lead halide perovskites ,photon recycling ,FÍSICA [UNESCO] ,optical gain - Abstract
Tradicionalmente, la implementación de materiales activos en circuitos fotónicos integrados se ha basado en la utilización de semiconductores III-V y vidrios y materiales ferroeléctricos dopados con iones de tierras raras. Sin embargo, en la actualidad existe una alternativa basada en (nano) materiales sintetizados por técnicas de química coloidal. La posibilidad de procesar nanomateriales en solución permite fabricar semiconductores con propiedades ópticas (emisión, absorción, dispersión de luz) que pueden diseñarse durante la síntesis. Además, su naturaleza coloidal permite integrarlas en cualquier arquitectura óptica mediante sencillas técnicas de impresión en tinta. En este contexto, los nanocristales de perovskita (PNC, del inglés perovskite nanocrystals) totalmente inorgánicos, con estructura CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), han surgido recientemente y poseen fascinantes propiedades ópticas incluyendo: una alta eficiencia de absorción, un rendimiento cuántico de emisión superior al 90% a temperatura ambiente, banda prohibida sintonizable dependiendo de la composición química y altos coeficientes ópticos no lineales. Este conjunto de fascinantes propiedades ópticas abre perspectivas interesantes para el desarrollo de aplicaciones dentro del marco de la fotónica integrada. Es en este perímetro donde se ubica la presente tesis doctoral, en el uso de los PNCs como material activo para la optoelectrónica, abarcando en su estudio tanto el punto de vista de la ciencia fundamental como el de las aplicaciones. Un primer objetivo abordado en la tesis implicó la fabricación de fotodetectores basados en PNCs tratados por un procedimiento químico de reemplazo de ligando que permitió mejorar la intermovilidad de los portadores de carga entre nanocristales. Este primer proyecto estableció la tecnología para ensamblar los nanocristales en forma de compactas películas delgadas, un paso necesario para la construcción de los dispositivos optoelectrónicos basados en nanotintas de PNCs. Un segundo objetivo se centró en la física fundamental responsable de la generación de ganancia óptica en los PNCs. Este estudio permitió determinar los mecanismos físicos involucrados, así como establecer el papel de las diferentes especies excitónicas, para explicar la emisión estimulada en estas nanopartículas. En particular, los resultados contenidos en la tesis demuestran que la emisión espontánea amplificada (ASE) en estos materiales se produce debido a la recombinación individual de los excitones y que el umbral de ganancia óptica está determinado solo por las pérdidas ópticas. En consonancia con esta investigación, se fabricó y caracterizó un novedoso tipo de dispositivo amplificador en fibra de núcleo hueco que contiene los PNCs en su interior. Este dispositivo muestra ganancia óptica sin umbral a temperatura ambiente debida a efectos ópticos no lineales. Finalmente, se integraron capas de PNCs en una estructura de guía de ondas diseñada para mejorar la generación de fotoluminiscencia (PL). En concreto, se eligió esta configuración para estudiar la propagación del flujo secundario de fotones resultante de la reabsorción de la PL. Este efecto, normalmente conocido como el reciclaje de fotones, da lugar a un corrimiento espectral al rojo y a un aumento en el tiempo medio de propagación de los de los fotones que se extraen de la guía de ondas. Esto tiene implicaciones importantes en el rendimiento de las células solares, y diodos emisores de luz, entre otros dispositivos optoelectrónicos. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados mencionados, esta tesis doctoral concluye que los PNCs coloidales son candidatos prometedores para su uso como material activo en la siguiente generación de dispositivos optoelectrónicos. Traditionally, the implementation of active materials in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has been developed by using III-V semiconductors and glasses and ferroelectrics doped by rare earth ions. However, there is a cost-efficient alternative based on (nano)materials synthetized by colloidal chemistry techniques. The fabrication of solution-processed nanomaterials provides semiconductors with tailor-made optical properties (light emission, absorption, scattering, bandgap) that can be engineered during the synthesis. In addition, their colloidal nature allows a straightforward integration into any optical architecture by coating or printing techniques. In this context, all-inorganic CsPbX3 (with X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have recently emerged as an outstanding material with fascinating optical properties, including a high efficiency of absorption, a quantum yield of emission exceeding 90 % at room temperature, a tunable band gap depending on chemical composition—or size and shape tuning—, and high nonlinear optical coefficients. Considering the aforementioned background, the project of this Ph.D. Thesis intends to harness the potential of PNCs as an active material for optoelectronics, from both the point of view of the fundamental science and the applications. A first research objective involves the fabrication of PNC-based photodetectors enhanced by a solid-state ligand-exchange procedure that yields a superior device performance via increased inter-mobility between the PNCs. In this first step, the technology to assemble bulk nanomaterials (thin films) from PNC building blocks is stablished. A second objective is focused on the fundamental physics behind the generation of optical gain in PNCs. This study allows to determine the physical mechanisms involved, and also to stablish the role of different excitonic species, to explain the stimulated emission in these nanocrystals. In particular, the presented investigations demonstrate that the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in these materials is generated by the recombination of single excitons, and that the threshold of optical gain is determined only by optical losses. In line with this research, a novel all-fiber hollow-core amplification device, prepared by filling the fiber with PNCs, is properly fabricated and characterized. This device demonstrates a thresholdless gain effect at room temperature that can be attributed to a third order non-linear optical mechanism achieved by strong modal confinement. Finally, in order to further exploit the modal confinement strategy, layers of PNCs are integrated in a waveguide structure that was properly designed to enhance the generation of photoluminescence (PL) when the structure is optically pumped. In particular, this configuration was chosen to study the propagation of the secondary flow of photons resulting from the reabsorption of the PL. This effect, the photon recycling, results in spectral redshift and increased lifetimes for the photons extracted from the output of the waveguide. The photon recycling effect has important implications in the performance of solar cells, light-emitting diodes, among other optoelectronic devices. Considering the aforementioned results, this Ph. D. Thesis concludes that colloidal PNCs are promising candidates to pave the road towards a new generation of active optoelectronic devices.
- Published
- 2020
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