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En los últimos años una de las iniciativas que está siendo apoyada desde diferentes organismos y administraciones con un mayor grado de consenso, es la economía circular. Un nuevo modelo que tiene como objetivo principal unir la economía con la sostenibilidad, generando valor añadido a la materia prima, favoreciendo el reciclaje y creando pocos residuos. Se pretende constituir un marco político destinado a generar un crecimiento sostenible, integrador y que permita crear crecimiento y empleo. En España ya hay diversos documentos sobre economía circular, en el que determinados sectores poseen una serie de características que las vinculan más directamente como es la industria forestal, donde la madera es su principal materia prima y se trata de un material renovable, reutilizable y reciclable. Por lo que en este trabajo se realiza una primera evaluación de la situación en que se encuentra la industria forestal de España dentro de la economía circular. In recent years, one of the initiatives that is being supported by different organizations and administrations with a greater degree of consensus is the circular economy. An initiative whose main objective is to unite the economy with sustainability, generating added value to the raw material, favouring recycling or creating little waste. The aim is to create a political framework aimed at generating sustainable, inclusive growth that allows growth and employment to be created. In Spain there are already several documents on circular economy, in which certain sectors have a series of characteristics that link them more directly such as the forestry industry, where wood is its main raw material and it is a renewable, reusable and recyclable material. Therefore, in this work a first evaluation of the situation in which the Spain forest industry is located within the circular economy is carried out. Ces dernières années, l'économie circulaire est l'une des initiatives soutenues par différentes organisations et administrations avec un plus grand consensus. Un nouveau modèle dont l'objectif principal est d'unir l'économie à la durabilité, en générant de la valeur ajoutée à la matière première, en favorisant le recyclage et en créant peu de déchets. Il est destiné à constituer un cadre politique visant à générer une croissance durable et inclusive qui permette la création de croissance et d'emplois. En Espagne, il existe déjà plusieurs documents sur l'économie circulaire, dans lesquels certains secteurs ont une série de caractéristiques qui les relient plus directement, comme l'industrie forestière, où le bois est sa principale matière première et est une matière renouvelable, réutilisable et recyclable. Ainsi, dans ce travail, une première évaluation est faite de la situation de l'industrie forestière espagnole au sein de l'économie circulaire.

The coronavirus pandemic is causing a huge impact around the world. Its real magnitude presents very important regional differences, which are appreciable in the number of infected and victims in the different countries. The outbreak of the pandemic and the ignorance of the virus mean that, even today, there are many unknowns about essential aspects related to it. In this sense, geographic knowledge can help answer many questions from the territorial analysis of the data. The objective of this article will be to analyze the behavior of the coronavirus pandemic within the Spanish region of Galicia. The authors of this study propose a multiscale analysis that allows deciphering the most common propagation patterns. For this, we have high spatial resolution data that has been provided by the competent authority under confidentiality. The results of this work allow us to represent and interpret the territorial impact of the pandemic, understanding its behavior as far as possible, allowing future dynamics to be predicted.

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic is showing dramatic impact across the world. Public health authorities attempt to fight against the virus while maintaining economic activity. In the face of the uncertainty derived from the virus, all the countries have adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions for limiting the mobility and maintaining social distancing. In order to support these interventions, some health authorities and governments have opted for sharing very fine-grained data related with the impact of the virus in their territories. Geographical science is playing a major role in terms of understanding how the virus spreads across regions. Location of cases allows identifying the spatial patterns traced by the virus. Understanding these patterns makes controlling the virus spread feasible, minimizes its impact in vulnerable regions, anticipates potential outbreaks, or elaborates predictive risk maps. The application of geospatial analysis to fine-grained data must be urgently adopted for optimal decision making in real and near-real time. However, some aspects related to process and map sensitive health data in emergency cases have not yet been sufficiently explored. Among them include concerns about how these datasets with sensitive information must be shown depending on aspects related to data aggregation, scaling, privacy issues, or the need to know in advance the particularities of the study area. In this paper, we introduce our experience in mapping fine-grained data related to the incidence of the COVID-19 during the first wave in the region of Galicia (NW Spain), and after that we discuss the mentioned aspects.

The CoVID-19 pandemic is showing a dramatic impact across the world. To the tragedy of the loss of human lives, we must add the great uncertainty that the new coronavirus is causing to our lives. Governments and public health authorities must be able to respond this emergency by taking the appropriate decisions for minimizing the impact of the virus. In the absence of an immediate solution, governments have concentrated their efforts on adopting non-pharmaceutical interventions for restricting the mobility of people and reducing the social contact. Health authorities are publishing most of data for supporting their interventions and policies. The geographic location of the cases is a vital information with exceptional value for analysing the spatio-temporal behaviour of the virus, doing feasible to anticipate potential outbreaks and to elaborate predictive risk mapping. In fact, a great number of media reports, research papers, and web-browsers have presented the COVID-19 disease spreading by using maps. However, processing and visualization of this sort of data presents some aspects that must be carefully reviewed. Based on our experience with fine-grained and detailed data related to COVID-19 in a Spanish region, we present a bunch of mapping strategies and good practices using geospatial tools. The ultimate goal is create appropriate maps at any spatial scale while avoiding conflicts with data such as those related to patients’ privacy.

The Health system in Spain is considered one of the most valued public services by the population. In fact, during the first decade of the 21st century, Spain became a health tourism destination for people from central and northern European countries. In addition to the health infrastructure, the quality of medical and nursing care stands out. Something similar also happens with the Spanish pharmaceutical system. However, there are some characteristics that should be addressed from a Geography perspective. The pharmacies’ legal system does not consider them to be of public interest. One is when some of the main activities are the sale and distribution of medicines that are partially paid for by the Administration, that is, Social Security. In the same activity, the public function is combined with the private interests of the pharmacy owners to provide a balanced territorial service. One of the conclusions demonstrates how the borders that are sometimes created by the Administration are not always the most efficient in relation to the characteristics of the territory, nor do they provide the best service to the population and, therefore, create territorial imbalances within a country. To reach our conclusions, we carried out an exhaustive study of the pharmacy legislation in the EU and in Spain, as well as Geography of Health and theories of territorial location. We combined this information with statistics on the territorial characteristics of Spain. This allowed us to confirm the peculiarities that exist within the governance of the distribution of pharmacy offices in Spain.

The Way of Saint James is one of the most internationally recognized and successful tourism resources in Spain. This is one of the great routes of pilgrimage for Christianity and presents a highly significant evolution in terms of inflow with clear increases in the holy years (arrival of visitors, accommodation offer, etc.). However, to maintain this dynamism over the last decades, strategies were proposed by the administration and different agencies in order to generate benefits in the territories crossed by the itineraries of the Way. Therefore, in this article, forest tourism is analyzed as a complementary product of the Camino de Santiago, emphasizing its capacity to exploit the potentialities of the pilgrimage routes and make the territories where they run more widely

En la actualidad existe una amplia y diversa variedad de metodologías que permiten el estudio de la delimitación de las áreas urbanas, desarrolladas tanto desde organizaciones como la Unión Europea o individualmente desde cada país. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se exponen los criterios seguidos para identificar y delimitar las áreas urbanas de dos países: España y Portugal. Se trata de un trabajo a escala de la Península Ibérica donde España y Portugal se estudian como un todo. Por lo que el objetivo principal es delimitar de un modo homogéneo y comparable, las áreas urbanas que se encuentran en este territorio del sur de Europa. Las principales fuentes de información utilizadas son publicaciones y estadísticas del Ministerio de Fomento de España, del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Portugal y de la Comisión Europea. There is a diverse variety of methodologies to the study of the delimitation of urban areas today, developed from both organizations like the European Union or individually from each country. However, in this paper we are presented the methodology to identify and define the urban areas of two countries: Spain and Portugal. This is a job to scale the Iberian Peninsula where Spain and Portugal are studied as a whole. So the main objective is to define in way comparable urban areas located in the territory of southern Europe. The main sources of information are publications and statistics from the Ministry of Development of Spain, the National Statistics Institute of Portugal and the European Commission. SI

Antes de la crisis se hablaba de la fortaleza de los sistemas productivos locales como espacios generadores de riqueza, corresponde ahora analizar el comportamiento de estos territorios frente a la crisis económica iniciada en 2008 y que ha afectado a todos los sectores económicos. El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre los planteamientos teóricos que apoyan la explicación de los sistemas productivos locales en la literatura geográfica española y, se utiliza la metodología de estos trabajos para determinar si se pueden considerar sistemas productivos locales a municipios rurales gallegos que poseen una industria del mueble significativa. Así como observar en estos casos como les ha afectado la crisis. Para ello se combinan fuentes de información cuantitativas y fuentes de información cualitativas tras la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a los diferentes agentes que interactúan con la industria del mueble en Galicia Before the crisis there was talk of the strength of local production systems as generators of wealth spaces, must now analyze the behavior of these territories to the economic crisis that began in 2008 and that has affected all economic sectors. This paper reflects on the theoretical approaches that support the explanation of local productive systems in the Spanish geographical literature and methodology of these studies is used to determine whether you can consider local production systems to Galician rural municipalities that have a furniture industry significant. As seen in these cases as the crisis has affected them. For this source of quantitative information and qualitative information sources are combined after the semi structured interviews with the different agents that interact with the furniture industry in Galicia. Avant la crise, il était question de la résistance des systèmes de production locaux en tant que générateurs d'espaces de richesse, doivent maintenant analyser le comportement de ces territoires à la crise économique qui a commencé en 2008 et qui a touché tous les secteurs économiques. Ce document se penche sur les approches théoriques qui soutiennent l'explication de systèmes productifs locaux dans la littérature géographique espagnole et la méthodologie de ces études est utilisé pour déterminer si vous pouvez envisager des systèmes de production locaux aux municipalités rurales de Galice qui ont une industrie du meuble significative. Comme on le voit dans ces cas que la crise les a touchés. Pour cette source d'information quantitative et sources d'informations qualitatives sont combinées après les entrevues semi-structurées avec les différents agents qui interagissent avec l'industrie du meuble en Galice. SI

In studies on the creation of corporate production systems, the significance that the proximity of raw material can have on its success and creation is increasingly overlooked. It is true that advances in transportation, among other conditions, make it easy to move the processing plant farther away from where the raw material is supplied. However, in many activities the manufacturing location is still conditioned by the location and characteristics of the materials used in production. A good example is the timber industry. This article specifically focuses on showing the relationship, significance and economic potential of forest raw materials and the wood processing industry in Galicia., En los estudios sobre la conformación de sistemas productivos empresariales se olvida cada vez más, la significación que puede tener para su conformación y éxito la presencia de materia prima cercana. Es cierto, que los avances en los medios de transporte, entre otros condicionantes, facilitan que se aleje el lugar de transformación del de suministro de la materia prima. Sin embargo, en muchas actividades la presencia fabril está todavía muy condicionada por la localización y características de los materiales con los que fabricar. Un buen ejemplo es la industria de la madera. En concreto este artículo se centra en mostrar la relación, significación y potencialidad económica de la materia prima forestal y la industria de transformación de la madera en Galicia. [fr] Les études sur la formation des systèmes productifs commerciaux oublient de plus en plus l’importance que peut avoir pour leur formation et leur succès la présence proche de matières premières. Il est vrai que les progrès des moyens de transport, parmi d’autres autres conditions, facilitent l’éloignement du lieu de transformation de celui d’approvisionnement de la matière première. Cependant, en de nombreuses activités, la présence d’usines est encore fortement influencée par l’emplacement et les caractéristiques des matériaux à employer. Un bon exemple est celui de l’industrie du bois. Cet article prétend, en particulier, montrer la relation, la signification et le potentiel économique des matières premières forestières et de l’industrie de transformation du bois en Galice.

O artigo objetiva analisar as diferentes formas de cooperação territorial existentes e que promovem o desenvolvimento na região espanhola da Galícia, com a finalidade principal de apreciar suas debilidades e potencialidades, detectando assim as que estão obtendo os melhores resultados.AbstractThis article aims to analyse the different cooperation and territorial development in Galícia, Spain, in appreciating its debilities and potentialities, and so detecting those what are getting the best results.

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