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This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale (IES) in a Spanish sample at increased risk of hereditary cancer and the contribution of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics to predict cognitive intrusions and avoidance. A total of 766 patients participated in this cross-sectional study. Psychometric analyses of the IES were performed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The influences of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were determined using multiple linear regression analyses. The exploratory analysis supported the original two-factor solution of the IES, and the confirmatory analysis added the cross-factor loading for item 12, characteristic for this population. Related to the socio-demographic and clinical variables, patient affected by cancer (β = -.19), sex (β = .15), previous psychiatric treatment (β = -.10), and age (β = -.08), were significant predictors of the intrusion subscale. Patient affected by cancer (β = -.19), sex (β = .13), and previous psychiatric treatment (β = -.14) were significant predictors of the avoidance subscale. Keywords: Cognitive symptoms; psychometrics; genetic counseling; hereditary cancer; emotional distress. Escala del Impacto del Estresor (EIE): Propiedades psicométricas en una muestra española con riesgode cáncer hereditario Resumen: Este estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Impacto del Estresor (EIE) en una muestra española con alto riesgo de cáncer hereditario, y la contribución de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas para predecir cogniciones de intrusión y evitación. Un total de 766 pacientes participaron en un diseño transversal. Los análisis psicométricos se realizaron a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. La influencia de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas se determinó llevando a cabo regresiones múltiples. El análisis exploratorio confirmó la solución original bifactorial del EIE, y el análisis confirmatorio añadió la carga factorial cruzada del ítem 12, que caracteriza a esta población. En las características sociodemográficas y clínicas, paciente afecto de cáncer (β = -.19), sexo (β = .15), antecedentes de tratamiento psiquiátrico (β = -.10), y edad (β = -.08), fueron predictores significativos de la subescala de intrusión. Paciente afecto de cáncer (β = -.19), sexo (β = .13), y antecedentes de tratamiento psiquiátrico (β = -.14) fueron predictores significativos de la subescala de evitación. Palabras clave: síntomas cognitivos; psicometría; consejo genético; cáncer hereditario; malestar emocional.

OBJECTIVE: An integral part of the genetic counselling process is the assessment of psychiatric morbidity. The objectives of this study were first to assess psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28items) in a Spanish sample at increased risk of hereditary cancer, and second evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and the contribution of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics to predict distress. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed with 766 patients. Psychometric analysis with exploratory factor analysis was performed. The influences of socio-demographic characteristics were investigated by multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Factor analysis supported the four-factor solution of the original GHQ-28; Depression and Social dysfunction scales were more stable than Anxiety and Somatic symptom scales. Psychiatric morbidity was detected in 212 (27.9%) patients. The variables predicting psychiatric morbidity were gender, age, patient affected by cancer, previous psychiatric treatment, and patients with relatives affected by cancer. The higher prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was in the age group from 41 to 59 years (16.73%), women (24.37%), patients affected by cancer (19.89%), patients without previous psychiatric treatment (20.82%), and patients with relatives affected by cancer (21.74%). CONCLUSION: Screening psychological distress should consider socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with reference to improve the quality of care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials identifier: NCT04428710.

The benefits of mycorrhizal interactions are only known in 8 of 210 recognized Agave taxa. We evaluated the effects of autochthonous and allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and nutrient assimilation in Agave maximiliana. The autochthonous consortium (Cn) of eight species was propagated from the rhizospheric soil of A. maximiliana, while Claroideoglomus claroideum (Cc) and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Ce) were employed as allochthonous AMF. Six treatments were included in the study: Cn, Ce, Cc, Ce + Cc, Tf (fertilized control), and Tn (non-fertilized control, not inoculated). Mycorrhizal colonization increased over time, and the colonization percentages produced by Cn and the allochthonous AMF, both alone and mixed together, were equal at 6, 12, and 18 months. Height increased steadily and was higher in AMF-treated plants from seven months onward. Growth indicators of AMF-treated and AMF-free plants were equal at 6 months, but the beneficial effects of allochthonous and autochthonous AMF were evident in all growth indicators at 18 months and in sugar and mineral (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe) content. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly improved all growth parameters of A. maximiliana regardless of the origin of the inoculums. This is the first study to report the positive effects of AMF colonization in A. maximiliana.

Emerging or alternative crops are those that have been recently introduced in response to new demands and commercial opportunities. The fig has been introduced as an alternative fruit crop in Mexico due to its high nutritional, nutraceutical, and antioxidant capacity. A total of 644 points of presence were downloaded and filtered according to climatic ranges and agricultural areas, leaving 68 records. The MaxEnt algorithm was used to develop the habitat suitability models for current and future climate. The bioclimatic variables of the global circulation models, Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2-EarthSystem (HADGEM2-ES) and Max Planck Institute for Meteorology-Earth System Model Low Resolution (MPI-ESM-LR), were used under scenarios 2.6 and 8.5. The changes in the fig area for Mexico were analyzed based on the generated models. Under the current climate, 359,575.76 km2 were estimated for 2050, and a loss of area for the excellent category was estimated for both models and scenarios; however, for the MPI-ESM-LR model projected to 2070, an increase of 5.51% and 0.39% was estimated for scenarios 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. The effect of climate change on agronomic species such as figs will be expressed in variations in climatic ranges and areas suitable for their development. The results of this study reveal the negative and positive effects of climate change on fig habitat suitability in Mexico. The dynamics of changes in surface area will be reflected mainly in northern and central Mexico.

RESUMEN Objetivo Desarrollar un modelo dinámico para simular la oferta de médicos especialistas y estimar la brecha especto a la demanda/necesidad en anestesiología en el sistema de salud del Uruguay. Métodos Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación dinámico determinístico implementado en el programa libre R. Se analizaron las proyecciones en el período 2011-2050 y se estimó la brecha a partir de la situación de equilibrio o desequilibrio entre oferta y demanda/necesidad. Se evaluó la calidad del modelo comparando los valores simulados con los datos históricos, con indicadores de bondad de ajuste, como la raíz del error cuadrático medio relativo (rRMSE). Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad con respecto a los cupos de ingreso a la especialidady la tasa de crecimiento de la necesidad de especialistas. Resultados Se proyectó la oferta y demanda de anestesistas para el período considerado. Se obtuvo un rRMSE menor a 0,1, lo que sugiere que el modelo propuesto reproduce adecuadamente la dinámica de la oferta real. Para el período proyectado la situación a mediano y largo plazo es de equilibrio. Conclusión El modelo simulado presenta buen ajuste, por lo que la proyección de la oferta de Recursos Humanos (RR. HH.) representa de forma precisa la disponibilidad futura de la fuerza de trabajo. Además, el modelo representa un insumo de interés para la gestión informada sobre la necesidad de recursos humanos y las políticas de salud, dado que permite evaluar las proyecciones bajo diferentes escenarios. ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study is to develop a dynamic model to simulate the supply of specialized physicians in Anesthesiology and estimate the gap with its demand, within Uruguay healthcare system. Methods A deterministic dynamic simulation model was developed and implemented using R software. Projections for the 2011-2050 period were analyzed, and the gap was estimated based on the equilibrium state of supply and demand. The quality of the model was evaluated comparing the simulated data with historical empirical data using goodness of fit indicators, such as the relative root mean square error (rRMSE). Results The demand and supply of anesthesiologists was projected for the period under analysis. A rRMSE

El quitosano en perlas y pH ácido (Q) tiene la capacidad de adsorber arsénico (As) del agua. El Q podría adsorber el As que se encuentra en la solución del suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad quelatante del Q ajustado a pH ácido y neutro para disminuir concentración de As soluble en dos Fluvisoles. Para llevar a cabo el experimento se acondicionó Q a dos pH (5 y 7) con la adición de ácido sulfúrico y se dejó Q sin tratar para usarlo como testigo. Se ensayaron cuatro tratamientos (suelos sin Q, con Q sin tratar, con Q ajustado a pH 5 y con Q ajustado a pH 7). Cada tratamiento se condujo por cuadruplicado, haciendo un total de 16 unidades experimentales para cada suelo. Cada unidad experimental consistió de 500 g de suelo empaquetado en una bolsa de plástico, a la cual se le añadió un fertilizante fosfatado (200 mg kg‑1) y se llevó a capacidad de campo, dejándola reposar por 48 h. Al cumplirse el tiempo de reposo, se agregaron a cada bolsa 0.063 g de Q del tratamiento correspondiente y su respectiva réplica, dejándolas en incubación durante 48 h a una temperatura de 25 °C. El diseño experimental empleado fue completamente al azar. A los suelos se les determinó el contenido de As soluble mediante una extracción con agua desionizada y lo extractado se midió por el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con generación de hidruros. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y una prueba de medias (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). Los resultados demostraron que el quitosano ajustado con ácido sulfúrico a pH 5, (QpH5) adsorbió la mayor cantidad de As soluble (640%). Lo que representa una alternativa de recuperación de suelos contaminados con As.

Although future treatments may speciically target the tumour phenotype, other factors should be included to confirm the efficacy of treatment and prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to compare sociodemographic characteristics and psychological distress for breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome in a sample at high risk of hereditary cancer.A cross-sectional study was designed with 799 patients. The nonparametric test, with Kruskal-Wallis test, was used to compare three genetic cancer syndromes, with significant differences in sample size.There were no differences in cancer hereditary syndromes related to sociodemographic characteristics except sex, as breast/ovarian cancer mainly affects women. No group differences were observed for cancer worry (P = 0.17). Breast/ovarian cancer syndrome showed significantly higher scores in cognitive distress compared to colorectal cancer (P = 0.01).The differences in the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics in these hereditary cancer syndromes can help to better plan resources for patient care in genetic counselling units.

[Introduction] Somatostatin analogs (SSA) prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). However, the eligibility criteria in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been restricted, which contrasts with the vast heterogeneity found in NENs., [Methods] We identified patients with well-differentiated (Ki-67% ≤20%), metastatic GEP-NENs treated in first line with SSA monotherapy from the Spanish R-GETNE registry. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using a Bayesian Cox model. The objective was to compare survival-based outcomes from real-world clinical practice versus RCTs., [Results] The dataset contained 535 patients with a median age of 62 years (range: 26–89). The median Ki-67% was 4 (range: 0–20). The most common primary tumor sites were as follows: midgut, 46%; pancreas, 34%; unknown primary, 10%; and colorectal, 10%. Half of the patients received octreotide LAR (n = 266) and half, lanreotide autogel (n = 269). The median PFS was 28.0 months (95% CI: 22.1–32.0) for octreotide versus 30.1 months (95% CI: 23.1–38.0) for lanreotide. The overall hazard ratio for lanreotide versus octreotide was 0.90 (95% credible interval: 0.71–1.12). The probability of effect sizes >30% with lanreotide versus octreotide was 2 and 6% for midgut and foregut NENs, respectively., [Conclusion] Our study evaluated the external validity of RCTs examining SSAs in the real world, as well as the main effect-modifying factors (progression status, symptoms, tumor site, specific metastases, and analytical data). Our results indicate that both octreotide LAR and lanreotide autogel had a similar effect on PFS. Consequently, both represent valid alternatives in patients with well-differentiated, metastatic GEP-NENs., The study has been funded by a restricted grant from Novartis Farmacéutica, S.A. RGETNE and the GETNE group is partially funded by Ipsen, Novartis, Pfizer and AAA. Dr Angela Lamarca received funding from ASCO Conquer Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award and The Christie Charity. Dr Jorge Barriuso received funding from the received funding from the ENETS Centre of Excellence Fellowship Grant Award.

The objectives of this study were to identify and rank the covariables of soil-forming factors that affect the distribution and spatial variability of pH in an agricultural area and to obtain a predictive map of soil pH. Samples of topsoil were obtained from different sites and taken to the laboratory, where they were prepared to determine the pH, organic matter, and percentages of particle size. In addition, the values of environmental covariables that affect pH were obtained. A database of the coordinates, laboratory results, and values of the covariables was constructed. Principal component analysis of the covariables was performed, and an analysis of the pH spatial structure was conducted and interpolated to obtain a predictive map of pH. Of the soil physical characteristics, the covariables clay and sand had a greater influence on the spatial behavior of pH with respect to the rest of the covariables of soil-forming factors, while human activity acted as a catalyst of the acidification process. Soil pH exhibited autocorrelation and moderate spatial dependence (66.7%) and was thus spatially predictable. The pH prediction map was accurate (RMSE = 0.158 and MEB = 0.020).

La producción del tomate en áreas con problemas de salinidad provoca en las plantas una disminución en rendimiento, sin embargo, algunos cambios en condiciones de salinidad pueden resultar positivos en cuanto a los atributos organolépticos en frutos. En el presente trabajo se determinó el papel de la simbiosis entre Solanum lycopersicum cv MicroTom con el hongo micorrízico arbuscular (HMA) Rhizophagus irregularis y atributos fitoquímicos en frutos en dos estados de madurez del fruto (naranja y rojo) creciendo en condiciones de estrés salino (100 mM NaCl y 200 mM NaCl). El porcentaje de colonización radicular del HMA disminuyó de 36% a 10% en la condición de 0 mM y 200 mM de NaCl, respectivamente, mientras que el contenido de carbohidratos, fenoles y flavonoides en frutos, así como el contenido de licopeno con 14 mg/100 g p.f., se incrementan a mayor estrés salino. En presencia del HMA, la concentración de prolina en frutos disminuye, incrementando la concentración a mayor estrés por NaCl.

(1) Background: Over the last decade, genetic counseling clinics have moved from single-gene sequencing to multigene panel sequencing. Multiple genes related to a moderate risk of breast cancer (BC) have emerged, although many questions remain regarding the risks and clinical features associated with these genes. (2) Methods: Ninety-six BC index cases (ICs) with high-risk features for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and with a previous uninformative result for BRCA1/2 were tested with a panel of 41 genes associated with BC risk. The frequency of pathogenic variants (PVs) was related to the clinical characteristics of BC. (3) Results: We detected a PV rate of 13.5% (excluding two cases each of BRCA1 and MUTYH). Among the 95 assessed cases, 17 PVs were identified in 16 ICs, as follows: BRCA1 (n = 2), CHEK2 (n = 3), ATM (n = 5), MUTYH (n = 2), TP53 (n = 2), BRIP1 (n = 1), CASP8 (n = 1), and MSH2 (n = 1). We also identified a novel loss-of-function variant in CASP8, a candidate gene for increased BC risk. There was no evidence that the clinical characteristics of BC might be related to a higher chance of identifying a PV. (4) Conclusions: In our cohort, which was enriched with families with a high number of BC cases, a high proportion of mutations in ATM and CHEK2 were identified. The clinical characteristics of BC associated with moderate-risk genes were different from those related to BRCA1/2 genes.

[Background and objective] Patient-reported outcome measures can provide clinicians with valuable information to improve doctor-patient communication and inform clinical decision-making. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physician-perceived utility of the QLQ-GINET21 in routine clinical practice in patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours (GI-NETs). Secondary aims were to explore the patient, clinician, and/or centre-related variables potentially associated with perceived clinical utility., [Methods] Non-interventional, cross-sectional, multicentre study conducted at 34 hospitals in Spain and Portugal (NCT02853422). Patients diagnosed with GI-NETs completed two health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires (QLQ-C30, QLQ-GINET21) during a single routine visit. Physicians completed a 14-item ad hoc survey to rate the clinical utility of QLQ-GINET21 on three dimensions: 1)therapeutic and clinical decision-making, 2)doctor-patient communication, 3)questionnaire characteristics., [Results] A total of 199 patients at 34 centres were enrolled by 36 participating clinicians. The highest rated dimension on the QLQ-GINET21 was questionnaire characteristics (86.9% of responses indicating “high utility”), followed by doctor-patient communication (74.4%), and therapeutic and clinical decision-making (65.8%). One physician-related variable (GI-NET patient volume > 30 patients/year) was associated with high clinical utility and two variables (older age/less experience treating GI-NETs) with low clinical utility., [Conclusions] Clinician-perceived clinical utility of QLQ-GINET21 is high. Clinicians valued the instruments’ capacity to provide a better understanding of patient perspectives and to identify the factors that had the largest influence on patient HRQoL., This study was sponsored by Ipsen.

Background Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary condition characterized by a high risk of colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and other neoplasia associated with germline alterations in DNA mismatch repair genes. The classical genetic diagnostic strategy for LS consists of the Sanger sequencing of genes associated with the suspected syndrome. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) enables the simultaneous sequencing of a large number of hereditary cancer genes. Here, we aimed to study whether other germline pathogenic variants of hereditary cancer genes are present in patients with LS. Methods A cohort of 84 probands with a previous genetic diagnosis of LS by Sanger sequencing was reanalyzed using NGS via a commercial panel of 94 hereditary cancer genes by hybrid capture. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria were used to classify the clinical significance of the variants. The findings of NGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. When possible, genetic analyses of the new findings in the proband's relatives were also performed by Sanger sequencing. Results We identified five families (6%), out of 84, with at least two germline pathogenic variants conferring to high or moderate risk in different dominant cancer‐predisposing genes: [MLH1‐BRCA2‐NBN], [MLH1‐BRCA1], [MSH2‐ATM], [MSH6‐NF1], and [MLH1‐FANCA]. Interestingly, only one out of these five families exhibited a clinical phenotype associated with the new pathogenic variants. The family with three pathogenic variants of the [MLH1‐BRCA2‐NBN] genes showed a high aggregation of tumors associated with LS and breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Conclusions Our results showed that the co‐occurrence of more than one pathogenic variant in cancer‐predisposing genes was remarkable among cases of LS. In most cases, no clinicial manifestations were associated with the secondary pathogenic variants. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate their clinical impact. Reanalysis of LS families should be considered only in families with mixed clinical phenotypes., We aimed to explore whether other pathogenic variants for hereditary cancer genes are present in Lynch syndrome patients, to have a more comprehensive view of the genetic architecture for cancer risk. We found five families (6%) with at least two pathogenic variant in high‐ and/or moderate‐risk‐associated cancer genes. However, in most cases, no clinical manifestations associated with the secondary pathogenic variants were evidenced.

espanolLas reservas de carbono organico, inorganico y total son controladas parcialmente por la exposicion a las condiciones ambientales, la cobertura vegetal y el uso del suelo. La geoestadistica ha ayudado a comprender la distribucion de los almacenes de carbono (organico, inorganico y total) en el suelo. Sin embargo, existe escasa explicacion de los factores que la determinan, especificamente en zonas aridas, y de su variabilidad espacial. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar las reservas de carbono organico e inorganico en suelos agricolas de la Comarca Lagunera de Mexico, establecer su distribucion y variabilidad espacial mediante el metodo geoestadistico kriging ordinario y validar los mapas tematicos con datos reales. Las reservas de carbono organico, inorganico y total del suelo de muestras georreferenciadas se examinaron mediante un analisis de la semivarianza; los datos geoestadisticos se interpolaron, para obtener mapas tematicos de prediccion de las mismas. Posteriormente, se validaron los mapas con datos de campo. Las reservas de carbono organico, inorganico y total del suelo mostraron variabilidad espacial, cuya dependencia espacial del almacen de carbono organico del suelo fue debil (82.4%), mientras que la del carbono inorganico y total fue moderada (26.6 y 35.0%, respectivamente). Los mapas tematicos de los almacenes de carbono organico e inorganico difirieron, teniendo el mapa de carbono inorganico un error de 2.01 Mg ha-1 y el de carbono organico 4.69 Mg ha-1. El uso y manejo de los suelos en esta area influyeron en la distribucion espacial de las reservas de carbono, mientras que la fisiografia, el material parental y el clima intervinieron en la distribucion espacial del carbono inorganico. EnglishOrganic, inorganic and total soil carbon stocks are partially controlled by exposure to environmental conditions, vegetation cover and land use. Geostatistics has helped to understand the distribution of carbon stocks (organic, inorganic and total) in the soils. However, there is little explanation of factors that determine it, specifically arid regions, and their spatial variability. The objectives of this work were to determine the organic and inorganic carbon reserves in agricultural soils of the Comarca Lagunera in Mexico, to establish their distribution and spatial variability using ordinary kriging and to validate the thematic maps whit real data. The correlation spatial of organic, inorganic and total soil carbon stocks of georeferenced samples were examined by an analysis of semivariance; the data were interpolated to obtain thematic maps of prediction of the different carbon stocks. Subsequently, the maps were validated with field data. The organic, inorganic and total soil carbon stocks showed spatial correlation, which was weak for the soil organic carbon storage (82.4%), and moderate for the inorganic and total carbon (26.6 and 35.0%, respectively). The thematic maps of organic and inorganic carbon stores differed, with the inorganic carbon map having an error of 2.01 Mg ha-1, which was lower than that of organic carbon (4.69 Mg ha-1). The use and management of soils in this area influenced the spatial distribution of carbon stocks, while physiography, parent material and climate intervened in the spatial distribution of inorganic carbon.

El contenido y comportamiento del carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) en regiones áridas; a través, del tiempo son desconocidos, aun cuando las enmiendas de estiércol bovino en estos suelos han tomado importancia en los sistemas agrícolas extensivos de esas regiones, no existe información que revele los cambios en el estatus del COS. Por tal motivo, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron establecer la distribución del contenido de COS del municipio de Matamoros, Coahuila y determinar los cambios en su concentración, través del tiempo. Muestras de suelo de la capa superficial (0-30 cm) en el año 2015, se colectaron, para estimar el contenido de COS. Estos datos y sus georreferencias se utilizaron para realizar una interpolación con el método geoestadístico Krigin Ordinario y obtener un mapa temático de distribución de COS. Asimismo, datos base de COS del año 2002, adquiridos de un trabajo previo, se emplearon para obtener otro mapa temático del municipio. Los mapas fueron comparados con una tabla de referencias cruzadas y con el índice de concordancia Kappa (ICK). Los resultados mostraron que los mapas no son iguales, como lo confirmo el ICK= 0.1, de tal manera que en trece años el COS se incrementó 65 511.88 Mg. La determinación del contenido de COS y el establecimiento de su distribución espacial, así como su comparación con datos y mapas base de COS existentes, permitieron determinar los cambios en los contenidos de COS a través del tiempo.

La sobre explotación de las aguas subterráneas en la Comarca Lagunera de Coahuila y Durango, México, hace indispensable la incorporación de técnicas de ferti-irrigación para mejorar la eficiencia en el agua. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la producción de materia seca (MS) y la eficiencia y consumo del agua en el cultivo de alfalfa con cuatro dosis de fósforo (P) inyectados a través del sistema de riego sub superficial. La investigación se realizó durante los años 2007 y 2008 en la empresa Vermiorganic, S. P. R. de R. L., del municipio de Torreón, Coahuila. El sistema de riego incluyó cintas de goteo separadas a 1.5 m e instaladas a 15 cm de profundidad. Se sembró la variedad Excelente HQ Plus a una densidad de 40 kg ha-1. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron cuatro dosis de inyección de fósforo aplicados después de cada corte: 0, 4, 8 y 12 kg P ha-1. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y la parcela experimental consistió de una superficie de 120 m2. Se realizaron seis cortes para evaluar el rendimiento de materia seca, lámina de riego aplicada, lámina evaporada de un tanque tipo “A” y la eficiencia en el uso del agua. La aplicación de 12 kg de P ha-1 incrementó 26% la producción de materia seca con respecto al testigo sin aplicación. La mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua se obtuvo en los cortes realizados a los 271 (2.3 kg MS m-3 de agua) y 312 días después de siembra (2.63 kg MS m-3 de agua). El consumo promedio de agua fue de 0.63 cm dia-1 y la evaporación de 0.84 cm dia-1.

El interes por introducir verdolaga (Portulaca oleracea L.) como planta cultivable se ha incrementado paulatinamente debido a sus propiedades medicinales. Sin embargo, estudios acerca de su distribucion espacial y relacion con el tipo de suelo son escasos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron determinar la probabilidad de ocurrencia de verdolaga, asi como la relacion entre su distribucion espacial y las caracteristicas edaficas en la Region Lagunera. Se obtuvieron datos de presencia/ausencia de esta planta y muestras de suelo superficial de sitios en distintas clases de tierra, y se determinaron las caracteristicas fisicas y quimicas de los suelos. Los datos obtenidos se utilizaron para estimar la probabilidadde ocurrencia de verdolaga con una regresion logistica y se cartografiaron. Los resultados muestran que la arena, la conductividad electrica y el pH influyen en la presencia de la verdolaga y su distribucion espacial es diferente, donde los suelos de tierras blancas arenosas tuvieron la mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia.

La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar diferentes proporciones de vermicompost:arena física, química y microbiológicamente para la producción de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Para ello se evaluaron las proporciones de vermicompost y arena (V:A) 15:85, 30:70, 45:55, 60:40, 75:25 y un sustrato de vermicompost con suelo agrícola (15:85). Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar. El material genético fue la Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni variedad Morita 2. Las variables evaluadas en los sustratos fueron pH, conductividad eléctrica, contenido de fósforo y de nitratos, porosidad total, densidad aparente, densidad de partícula, capacidad de retención de agua y porcentaje de aireación, así como el número de bacterias y los grupos microbianos presentes en la rizosfera de la Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. En esta última variable se determinaron grupos microbianos como: Pseudomonas, bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno, bacilos, hongos y actinomicetos. En la planta, las variables fisiológicas evaluadas fueron tasa de crecimiento del cultivo, tasa de asimilación neta, área foliar específica y el índice de área foliar. Los resultados muestran un mayor desarrollo de bacterias en el tratamiento V:A 45:55 con 1.24 x108 UFC g-1 sustrato, siendo los actinomicetos los que destacan en desarrollo con 20 x 107 UFC g-1 de sustrato. En las variables fisiológicas del cultivo, de igual manera, sobresale el tratamiento V:A 45:55 en la tasa de crecimiento del cultivo con 0.217g m-2 día-1 y en el índice de área foliar con 0.088 m2 m-2.

Suelos de regiones áridas reciben enmiendas de estiércol solarizado, pero se desconoce el efecto de éstas sobre la estabilidad de los agregados del suelo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) caracterizar un Aridisol con ocho años de enmiendas de estiércol solarizado; y 2) identificar los factores físicos o químicos que influyen en la estabilidad de sus agregados. Dos sitios con suelos similares fueron seleccionados; uno con enmiendas y otro sin ellas. Pozos pedológicos fueron excavado y se describieron su sitio y perfil; asimismo, se colectaron muestras de sus horizontes para su análisis y caracterización. Análisis físicos y químicos confinesdeclasificaciónfueronrealizadosacadamuestra. Aparte, muestras de estiércol fueron analizadas, así como, la estabilidad de los agregados del suelo de la capa superficial (0-30 cm) de cada suelo. Los datos de contenido de arcilla, materia orgánica y carbonatos de calcio, se relacionaron con la estabilidad de agregados para identificar los factores que influye en su estabilidad. Un análisis de varianza de los modelos que se obtuvieron fue realizado, así como una prueba de de medias con Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Los resultados muestran que la estabilidad de los agregados de un Fluventic Haplocambid son diferentes, ya que los suelos con enmiendas tuvieron una estabilidad de agregados (11.6%) mayor que aquellos suelos sin enmiendas (8.2%), de tal manera que en los primeros el contenido de materia orgánica inf luyó en la estabilidad y en los segundos el contenido de carbonato de calcio. No obstante, la estabilidad de los agregados del suelo fue baja, debido a las características del estiércol solarizado.

Segura-Castruita, M. A., & Ortiz-Solorio, C. A. (mayojunio, 2017). Modelacion de la evapotranspiracion potencial mensual a partir de temperaturas maximas-minimas y altitud. Tecnologia y Ciencias del Agua, 8(3), 93-110. La estimacion de la evapotranspiracion potencial (ETP) es importante en el uso del agua con aplicaciones agricolas, ecologicas y otras actividades de planeacion. La carencia de datos en estaciones meteorologicas (EM) de paises en vias de desarrollo conduce a la busqueda de modelos sencillos que permitan estimar la ETP. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron 1) relacionar las variables temperatura maxima (TX) y temperatura minima (TN) mensuales, altitud (AL) y meses del ano (ME), con resultados de ETP obtenidos con el modelo de Hargreaves y Samani (HS) en Mexico, mediante regresiones lineales multivariadas, y 2) evaluar la precision de los modelos obtenidos respecto a la ETP de HS y Penman (PN). Datos mensuales de 81 EM (972 datos) fueron utilizados para deducir la ETP mensual con el modelo HS. Los resultados se relacionaron con las variables TX, TN, AL y ME, para generar dos modelos de regresion lineal multiple, a fin de calcular la ETP mensual, uno general (ETPg ) y otro para cada mes (ETPm), que se emplearon para determinar la ETP en 12 EM diferentes a las usadas inicialmente. Los resultados demostraron que los modelos ETPg y ETPm tienen un poder predictivo mayor que 75%; asimismo, el modelo ETPm tiene el menor error y estimo valores de evapotranspiracion potencial similares a los que se obtienen con HS y PN. Por lo tanto, el modelo ETPm es un modelo sencillo que es aplicable para Mexico sin utilizar la latitud ni la radiacion.

The statistical tool linear regression was used to evaluate two case studies of field corn with the purpose of understanding the phenomena that both trials present. The first case study e stablished the relationship between the water depth variables (evaporation and water applied) under open air conditions and as a function of time; in the second, the production o f dry mass (MS) was correlated with the leaf area index (IAF) in field corn, with and without plastic mulch over time. The research was undertaken between 2006 and 2013 at the Comarca Lagunera of Coahuila and Durango, Mexico, where groups of data of the evaporation variables (EV), depth of irrigation water applied (LR), MS and IAF of the field corn were used to propose linear regression type mathematical functions. The results show first and second order linear regression. The results show predictive linear equations of first and second order with R 2 values greater than 0.8, which allow for the understanding and interpretation of the phenomena of water consumption and the accumulation of field corn dry material.

Los constituyentes del suelo (arcillas, carbonatos, materia orgánica y óxidos e hidróxidos), intervienen en la movilidad del arsénico (As) y determinan su variación espacial; por lo cual, su cartografía puede contribuir al entendimiento de la presencia de este metaloide en el suelo. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron determinar la concentración de As en los suelos del Distrito de Riego 017 (DR017) de México y establecer su distribución espacial, utilizando dos métodos de interpolación. Cuatro etapas fueron realizadas; la primera consistió en trabajo de gabinete y campo, en la que 33 sitios de muestreo fueron localizados en un polígono del DR017, posteriormente en cada sitio, muestras simples de suelo (0-30 cm de profundidad) fueron colectadas. La segunda y tercera se llevaron a cabo en laboratorio, en las cuales, a cada muestra se determinó la concentración de As disponible, contenidos de arcilla, carbonatos de calcio y fósforo disponible y su regresión. La cuarta etapa tuvo dos partes, la elaboración de dos mapas con dos métodos de interpolación (Interpolador Ponderación Inversa de la Distancia, IDW en sus siglas en inglés y Kriging ordinario, KO), así como la verificación de la precisión de cada mapa. Los resultados mostraron que, la distribución del As en el DR017 no es uniforme y está asociada con el contenido de arcilla y CaCO3. De tal manera que, las concentraciones de As fluctuaron de 0.07 a 1.89 mg kg-1, donde las mayores concentraciones de este metaloide (1.39-1.89 mg kg‑1) se relacionaron positivamente (R2 = 0.9058) con altos contenidos de arcilla (39.44 a 43.44%). El mapa de distribución espacial de As obtenido con KO, tuvo la mayor precisión (75.7%), en el cual se muestra que la concentración aumenta en un sentido sur-norte, donde el área de mayor concentración está en la parte norte del distrito.

Background Approximately 5 to 10% of all cancers are caused by inherited germline mutations, many of which are associated with different Hereditary Cancer Syndromes (HCS). In the context of the Program of Hereditary Cancer of the Valencia Community, individuals belonging to specific HCS and their families receive genetic counselling and genetic testing according to internationally established guidelines. The current diagnostic approach is based on sequencing a few high-risk genes related to each HCS; however, this method is time-consuming, expensive and does not achieve a confirmatory genetic diagnosis in many cases. This study aims to test the level of improvement offered by a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) gene-panel compared to the standard approach in a diagnostic reference laboratory setting. Methods A multi-gene NGS panel was used to test a total of 91 probands, previously classified as non-informative by analysing the high-risk genes defined in our guidelines. Results Nineteen deleterious mutations were detected in 16% of patients, some mutations were found in already-tested high-risk genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH2) and others in non-prevalent genes (RAD51D, PALB2, ATM, TP53, MUTYH, BRIP1). Conclusions Overall, our findings reclassify several index cases into different HCS, and change the mutational status of 14 cases from non-informative to gene mutation carriers. In conclusion, we highlight the necessity of incorporating validated multi-gene NGS panels into the HCSs diagnostic routine to increase the performance of genetic diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13053-019-0104-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The study aims to identify the relevance of immunohistochemistry (IHC), copy number aberrations (CNA) and epigenetic disorders in BRCAness breast cancers (BCs). We studied 95 paraffin included BCs, of which 41 carried BRCA1/BRCA2 germline mutations and 54 were non hereditary (BRCAX/Sporadic). Samples were assessed for BRCA1ness and CNAs by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA); promoter methylation (PM) was assessed by methylation-specific-MLPA and the expression of miR-4417, miR-423-3p, miR-590-5p and miR-187-3p by quantitative RT-PCR. IHC markers Ki67, ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR and CK18 were detected with specific primary antibodies (DAKO, Denmark). BRCAness association with covariates was performed using multivariate binary logistic regression (stepwise backwards Wald option). BRCA1/2 mutational status (p = 0.027), large tumor size (p = 0.041) and advanced histological grade (p = 0.017) among clinic-pathological variables; ER (p < 0.001) among IHC markers; MYC (p < 0.001) among CNA; APC (p = 0.065), ATM (p = 0.014) and RASSF1 (p = 0.044) among PM; and miR-590-5p (p = 0.001), miR-4417 (p = 0.019) and miR-423 (p = 0.013) among microRNA expression, were the selected parameters significantly related with the BRCAness status. The logistic regression performed with all these parameters selected ER+ as linked with the lack of BRCAness (p = 0.001) and MYC CNA, APC PM and miR-590-5p expression with BRCAness (p = 0.014, 0.045 and 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, the parameters ER expression, APC PM, MYC CNA and miR-590-5p expression, allowed detection of most BRCAness BCs. The identification of BRCAness can help establish a personalized medicine addressed to predict the response to specific treatments.

Yield and nutraceutical quality of Sahel tomato cultivar under shade net was evaluated using different mixtures of organic substrates in Coahuila, northern Mexico. The treatments consisted of mixtures using sand (S), vermicompost (VC), solarized bovine manure (SB), agricultural soil (AS) and mineralized compost (MC). The treatments were: T1 (S:VC, 80:20), T2 (S:SB, 80:20), T3 (S:SB:AS, 80:15:05), T4 (S:VC:AS, 80:15:05), T5 (S:MC, 80:20), and a control treatment T6 (S, 100%) with Steiner solution. Yield results showed that the best organic treatments were T5 and T4 with 3.48 and 3.33 kg plant-1, respectively; while the highest yield was in control (T6) with 3.71 kg plant-1. The highest phenolic content in the organic treatment of fruits was 56.94 mg equivalent of gallic acid per 100 g in fresh weight for T5, while the treatment with chemical fertilization obtained 49.82. The greatest antioxidant capacity was obtained in T4, with 478.34 μM equivalent of Trolox/100 g fresh weight. Two colors were evaluated (yellow and red) corresponding to two ripeness phases. Lycopene content in tomatoes was in average 32% higher in the red colored fruits than in the yellow ones, with 3.12 and 2.24 mg lycopene 100 g pulp-1 values, respectively. For the red ones, treatment T5 showed the highest value (3.52) and in yellow ones T1 reported 2.35, while T2 presented the lowest values for both colors. Organic fertilizers based on S:VC can induce good amounts of lycopene in fruits of both colors, as well as improve phenols and antiOX. RESUMO Avaliou-se em Coahuila, norte do México, o rendimento e a qualidade nutracêutica da cultivar de tomate Sahel sob malha sombreada. Foram utilizadas diversas misturas de substratos orgânicos consistindo das misturas utilizando areia (S), vermicomposto (VC), esterco bovino solarizado (SB), solo agrícola (AS) e composto mineralizado (MC). Os tratamentos foram: T1 (S:VC, 80:20), T2 (S:SB, 80:20), T3 (S:SB:AS, 80:15:05), T4 (S:VC:AS, 80:15:05), T5 (S:MC, 80:20), e um tratamento controle T6 (S, 100%) com solução de Steiner. Os resultados de produtividade mostraram que os melhores tratamentos orgânicos foram T5 e T4 com 3,48 e 3,33 kg planta-1, respectivamente; enquanto o maior rendimento foi obtido no controle com 3,71 kg planta-1. O maior teor fenólico nos frutos sob tratamento orgânico foi de 56,94 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico por 100 g de peso fresco para T5, enquanto o tratamento com adubação química obteve 49,82. A maior capacidade antioxidante foi obtida em T4, com 478,34 μM equivalente de Trolox/100 g de peso fresco. Foram avaliadas duas fases de amadurecimento nos frutos (amarelo e vermelho). O conteúdo de licopeno no tomate foi, em média, 32% maior nos frutos de cor vermelha que nos amarelos, com 3,12 e 2,24 mg de licopeno 100 g polpa-1, respectivamente. Para os vermelhos, o tratamento T5 apresentou o maior valor (3,52) e nos amarelos T1, 2,35, enquanto o T2 apresentou os menores valores para as duas cores. Adubos orgânicos à base de S:VC podem induzir boas quantidades de licopeno em frutos de ambas as cores, além de melhorar fenóis e antiOX.