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In this paper, we determined the rates of Bethesda IV thyroid nodules and calculated the malignancy rates of these nodules in a university hospital located in an endemic area for thyroid diseases. We aimed to define the predictive factors for malignancy to select patients who need surgery. We included in the study 221 patients who had a preoperative biopsy for follicular neoplasm or because of suspicion for follicular neoplasm and underwent thyroidectomy between January 2012 and December 2018. We evaluated the data about patient characteristics, preoperative ultrasound results, indications for operation and postoperative pathological valuation results and calculated ratio of Bethesda Category IV nodules and incidental malignancy rates. The malignancy rate of Bethesda Category IV nodules was 48.9 %, while the incidental malignancy rate was 30.7 %. There was no statistical difference between patients with benign and malignant pathology results in terms of gender, age, preoperative diagnosis, size of the index nodule, number and results of biopsies and the thyroidectomy performed. The most important risk factor among all parameters was hypoechogenicity of the nodule. The solid structure increases this risk. Ultrasonographic hypoechogenicity is the most important risk factor for preoperative malignancy risk assessment for Bethesda Category IV thyroid nodules. Centers should determine their malignancy rates with particular risk factors and surgical approaches in endemic regions.

Amyand’shernia is a very rare clinical condition characterized by the presence of anormal or inflammed appendix within the inguinal hernia sac. It may be presentas an acute apendicitis inside the sac or incarcerated hernia. Sometimes it maybe asymptomatic. We report a case of 70-year-old male patient that waspresented to our emergency service with a huge right inguinal mass that wasdiagnosed as an incarcerated inguinal hernia and underwent operation. Theintraoperative findings included small intestinal segment, large omental tissueand mobile cecum with healthy appendix inside the sac. There was no sign ofstrangulation. Lichtenstein herniorhaphy was done without appendectomy.

Objective: Choledochal cyst is a congenital disease in which surgical treatment is preliminary because of the potential for malignancy. In recent years, increase in technological developments and laparoscopic experience have popularised the use of laparoscopy in adult choledochal cyst surgery. This study aimed to present the results of eight adult patients undergoing laparoscopic choledochal excision surgery. Material and Methods: Patients who underwent laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision and hepatico-jejunostomy anastomoses between the years 2013 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, preoperative and postoperative findings, pathological results and final condition of the patients were examined. Results: Of the eight patients, three were males and five were females. Median age was 41.5 years (22-49). One of the patients had Type IVa and the rest had Type I choledochal cysts. Laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision, cholecystectomy, and hepatico-jejunostomy anastomoses were performed on all of the patients. One patient was converted to open surgery. Three patients had postoperative biliary leakage. Duration of the operations was determined as median 330 (240-480) minutes and blood loss was 50 (10-100) mL. Hospitalization of the patients was median 6 (4-23) days and follow-up time was median 20 (2-65) months. In the late period, cholangitis occured in a patient who was treated with medical therapy and there was no mortality in the follow-up period. Conclusion: We suggest that laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in adults may be an alternative to open surgery due to the satisfactory results in the late period in spite of early problems like self-limiting bile leakage. Giriş ve Amaç: Koledok kistleri malignite potansiyeli nedeniyle cerrahi tedavinin ön planda olduğu konjenital bir hastalıktır. Son yıllarda teknolo-jik gelişmeler ve laparoskopik tecrübede artış erişkin koledok kist cerrahisinde laparoskopinin kullanımını yaygınlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amacımız laparoskopik koledok eksizyonu yapılan sekiz erişkin hastanın sonuçlarını sunmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kliniğimizde 2013-2018 yılları arasında laparoskopik koledok kist eksizyonu ve hepatiko-jejunostomi uygulanan hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, peroperatif ve postoperatif bulguları, patolojik sonuçları ve son durumları irdelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen sekiz hastanın üçü erkek, beşi kadın idi. Yaşların median değeri 41.5 (22-49) idi. Hastaların bir tanesinde tip IVa, diğerlerinde ise tip 1 koledok kisti saptandı. Hastaların tamamına laparoskopik koledok eksizyonu, kolesistektomi ve heptiko-jejunostomi yapıldı. Bir hastada açık cerrahiye geçildi. Üç hastada postoperatif safra kaçağı oldu. Operasyon süreleri median 330 (240-480) dakika ve kan kaybı 50 (10- 100) mL olarak saptandı. Hastaların yatış süreleri median 6 (4-23) gün ve takip süreleri median 20 (2-65) ay olduğu tespit edildi. Geç dönemde; bir hastada medikal tedavi ile düzelen kolanjit atağı gözlendi, mortalite ise görülmedi. Sonuç: Kendini sınırlayan safra kaçakları dışında erken dönemde önemli sorun yaşamamamız ve geç dönemdeki tatminkar sonuçlar nedeniyle laparoskopik koledok kist eksizyonunun erişkinlerde açık cerrahiye bir alternatif olabileceğini söyleyebiliriz.