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Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The intermittent subcutaneous injection of apomorphine is highly effective in the management of motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Although it has been shown that apomorphine injection can be safely used in selected cases at all stages of the disease, there is no consensus regarding intermittent administration strategies. This review aimed to discuss the indications for intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine use in clinical practice, possible side effects and their management, and contraindicated cases in light of the literature and to present practical recommendations for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The fact that non-motor symptoms such as pain in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are more associated with musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) suggests that there may be delays in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to review the first symptoms of PD, especially pain, while at the same time reviewing the medical specialists to whom patients first went and examining the effects of these parameters on time to diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: Patients with PD were included. The patients were evaluated in terms of clinical features, initial complaints and onset time, presence and type of pain, the medical specialist they first applied to, and time to diagnosis. Results: Eighty-six patients were included (42 female, 44 male). The first complaints were bradykinesia, tremor, tremor and bradykinesia, shoulder pain, tremor and painful cramps. These complaints started 10.1±5.22 years previously, and the diagnosis of PD was made 8.56±4.87 years previously on average. The first specialist departments to which patients with these complaints applied were Neurology (n=34), Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation (n=34), Neurosurgery (n=10), and Orthopedics (n=8). The first admission to Neurology was 8.7±4.85 years previously. Pain complaints started 7.2±6.69 years before the first admission in 56 patients. Musculoskeletal pain was 86%, dystonic pain was 25%, central pain and neuropathic pain were 11% each in the group of patients who had experienced pain. Conclusion: PD can be confused with MSD due to findings such as pain and rigidity, which may cause a delay in diagnosis and treatment. This delay can be prevented if non-neurology specialists are provided with more detailed training about the disease, and if public awareness is raised about the signs and symptoms of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Access to health centers was restricted during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, which hit our country in March 2020. Ensuring the medical control of patients who were followed up in the neurology outpatient clinic with the tele-medicine method was an important step to decrease the viral load of patients and physicians. This study aimed to share our tele-medicine experience with patients with movement disorders. Materials and Methods: The data of 71 patients with movement disorder who communicated with our unit between March 11, 2020 and June 20, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 117 verbal and written interviews with 71 patients were mostly conducted via WhatsApp®. The evaluation of reasons for physician consultation revealed that patients most frequently communicated for worsening rigidity and prescription-drug requests. Of these interviews, 25 (21.4%) resulted in setting patient appointments for a physical examination. The tele-medicine service in 92 (78.6%) interviews solved the problem without physical contact with patients. Conclusion: Movement disorder evaluations are suitable through teleconference. Therefore, our teleneurology application, which we actively use, is effective in reducing the risk of viral transmission to both patients and healthcare workers during the pandemic. Developing telemedical applications is necessary in terms of their legal aspects and implementation in the world, especially in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]