Search

This study analyzed the changes in the urban heat island effect in the 30 years (from 1990 to 2021) in the central district of Osmaniye. In this sense, there were two primary goals. Firstly, Land use/land cover change (LULC), land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed by using remote sensing methods between 1990 and 2021. Secondly, a linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors associated with LST, NDVI, and NDBI. The study results revealed increases in urban surfaces and the average land surface temperature values in the past 30 years and showed a decline in the vegetation with low, medium, and high NDVI values. The regression analysis results indicated a strong negative relationship between LST and NDVI and a strong positive relationship between LST and NDBI. It was also found a robust negative relationship between NDBI and NDVI. In light of the findings, it was stated that the amount of open and green areas should be increased in order to prevent the negative effects of the urban heat island in the central district of Osmaniye. For this purpose, it has been proposed to encourage green roof systems throughout the city, to create city parks and to create a green belt system. In addition, as a result of the study, the importance of preventing forest destruction caused by over-settlement in the Amanos Mountains, which is one of the rare habitats of the world with different plant species, was emphasized. In this sense, legal sanctions should be employed to protect those areas and prevent construction.

This study reports new data for 1028 non-fatal occupational accidents dated between January 2010and April 2015 by applying the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique. A comprehensive surveywas conducted at four shipyards in Tuzla, Istanbul and Yalova regions in Turkey and a workplacequestionnaire appropriate for the AHP technique was carried out. The obtained results indicated thatinadequate safety equipment and protective clothing, unsuitable usage of machines and tools, and disobeyingoccupational health and safety (OHS) procedures were the most common risk factors for theaccidents. Hence the preventive measures could be identified by analyzing non-fatal accident data.After the identification of the descriptive measures, the priority order of these measures was asked ofthe occupational safety professionals in the shipbuilding industry, and we used the AHP method toevaluate the results.

This research is conducted to determine the relation between symptoms of premenstrual term of nurses who work in Kars and predisposition to somatization. This is a cross-sectional research. The population of this research are consisted of 108 nurses who work in Kars Kafkas University Training and Research Hospital in the process of the study. Any sample from population is not selected however 87 nurses who are proper for study criterias and present at the time of research participated voluntarily. During data collection Survey, premenstrual syndrome scale and somatization scale are used by researcher. Descriptive statistics (average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum), frequencies for categorical variables (score, percentage), t test, Mann Whitney U, Pearson Corelation, Kruskal-Wallis test are used while data evaluation. The level of Premenstrual Syndrom of the participants 124,80±42,969. Somatization level is 14,49±5,471. It is found 49% positive way relation between Somatization and Premenstrual Syndrom as a result of corelation analysis applied. As a result of research it is determined that there is a signicifant relation between Premenstrual Syndrom and Somatization. It is detected that women who has Premenstrual Syndrom are negatively affected in daily and working life.

Access the quality and sufficient amount of water is started to being problem with population increasing. One of the way to behalf the solution of this problem is usage waste water treatment in industry and agriculture. Wastewater treatment methods have disadvantages of being costly and producing secondary pollutants, photocatalysis, which is one of the advanced oxidation methods that is more advantageous and effective in removing pollutants, is promising. The newest member of nanomaterial, C-quantum dots (CQDs) has been increasingly get attention on lots of field including photocatalyst. Semiconductors are commonly used in photocatalysis however, they have electron pair recombination problem that results decreasing of efficiency. Doping semiconductors with different nanomaterials is one of the easiest ways to get over the problem. Recently CQDs has been started to used as dopping agent. Solvothermal method is among the easiest and environmentally friendly methods in nanomaterial synthesis. In this study, the effect of dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol and water as solvothermal solvent on the photocatalytic efficiency of C-modified ZnO nanoparticles (CQDs@ZnO NPs) was investigated for the first time in the literature. Photocatalytic performance of CQDs@ZnO NPs was investigated on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Angora mohair has been used as a CQDs source for the first time in the literature. Photocatalytic degradation performances of CQDs@ZnO NPs for MB at 300 min were 82.4%, 87.6% and 99% for ethylene glycol-water mixture, DMSO and DMF, respectively. The results proved that solvent type for solvothermal synthesis procedure has important role for photocatalytic performance of CQDs@ZnO NPs.

Remote sensing data, especially satellite observations make available large databases related to marine biosphere. This tremendous amount of the data causes a difficulty to acquisition, processing and evaluation processes. Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform make possible to overcome this difficulty by its state of art structure. Thus, GEE platform was included to study to process and evaluate the chlorophyll-a data for the sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara was considered in 2 main parts as North and South Marmara. These parts also divided into 6 sub-regions and analyzed as 12 different regions in total. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)-Aqua data were acquired between the years 2003-2021 with the GEE platform for all examined sub-regions and make them available for analysis. Approximately 19 years of arranged chl-a concentration data were visualized and evaluated by grouping them according to sub-regions, months and years. As expected, the highest concentration of chl-a was observed in the Sea of Marmara in square KM6, which includes the Gulf of Izmit and has limited regeneration The lowest concentration values throughout the years were found in the areal average values of the KM4 square under the influence of the jet stream formed by the upper water from the Black Sea. When the monthly data are examined, it can be said that the primary production in general takes place intensively in the whole of the Marmara Sea in the spring season. In the context of this study, the accuracy of the division of the Sea of Marmara in two main axes as North and South is clearly seen in the analyzes within the time series. We evaluate that the similarity of chl-a concentrations in the Marmara Sea to the period before 2007 and 2020 requires a special attention as evidence of a repetitive process rather than an ecological coincidence.

Increases in aquaculture production due to higher demand for aquatic foods result in an increase in the amount of aquaculture wastewater. This situation highlights the need for the effective treatment of wastewater in sustainable aquaculture. Today, instead of traditional physical and chemical methods in the treatment of wastewater originating from aquaculture, ecosystem-sensitive and by-product-oriented systems have begun to be adopted. The main principle of the zero-waste approach is the recycling of the nutrients in the wastewater to produce another food. In this new innovative approach, the production of other organisms from the different trophic levels using the wastewater of aquaculture in the integrated multi-trophic systems (such as aquaponics) is possible to recycle the nutrients. It has been considered the integrated multi-trophic systems (IMTA) more valuable as these systems can be used both in environment-friendly wastewater treatment and in the conversion of nutrients in wastewater to biomass. The nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater can be utilized to produce two organisms (i.e. fish+mussel) or three organisms (i.e. fish+mussel+seaweed) through IMTA. Aquaculture wastewater can be used to reduce the nutrients in constructed wetlands and plant lagoons representing the reasonable approach for sustainable aquaculture and wastewater treatment.Here, the innovative approach to sustainable aquaculture wastewater treatment was reviewed for the current and innovative technologies. It was emphasized that the need for environment-friendly wastewater treatment Technologies such as aquaponics, enlargement of constructed wetlands, or increase in using the integrated multi-trophic production systems (IMTA) in practice are recommended for sustainable aquaculture., Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğine artan gereksinime paralel olarak artan üretim miktarı, işletmelerin atık miktarında da doğrusal bir artışa neden olmaktadır. Bu durum, yoğun su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde atık suların etkin bir şekilde arıtımı konusunu öne çıkarmaktadır. Günümüzde su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği kaynaklı atık suların arıtımında, geleneksel fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerin yerine, ekosisteme duyarlı ve besin zincirinin farklı seviyelerinde üretimi devreye sokan sistemler daha fazla benimsenmeye başlanmıştır. Atık su içinde bulunan besin elementlerinin farklı bir gıda üretimiyle döngüye katılması, sıfır atık yaklaşımının esasını oluşturmaktadır. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin çıkış sularını kullanan entegre üretim sistemleri (örneğin; akuaponik) atık içinde bulunan besin elementlerinin tekrar geri kazanımını sağlamaktadır. Entegre sistemler, su ürünleri atık sularının arıtımında hem atık içinde besin elementlerinin biyomasa dönüşümünü sağlamakta hem de çevreyle uyumlu arıtım yöntemi olarak değer kazanmaktadır. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği çıkış suları, entegre sistemler yardımıyla balık yanında ikili (örneğin; balık+midye) ya da üçlü (örneğin; balık+midye+yosun) yetiştiricilikte kullanılabilmektedir. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği çıkış sularının yapay sulak alanlarda ya da bitki lagünlerinde belli besin elementlerinin azaltılması amacıyla kullanılması da sürdürülebilir yetiştiricilik ve atık su arıtımı için uygun yaklaşımlar arasındadır.Bu derleme çalışmasında, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinden gelen atık suların arıtımına yönelik mevcut ve ekolojik bazda yenilikçi teknolojiler ele alınmış; sürdürülebilir su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği ve çevreyle uyumlu atık arıtımı için yapay sulak alanlar ve entegre multi-trofik yetiştiricilik sistemlerinin pratikte kullanımının artırılması gereği vurgulanmıştır.

Radon (222Rn), derived from the Uranium (238U) series and emitted from Geological Formation (soil, rock) (Qg), Fault (Qf) and Construction Material (Qm), which cannot be detected by the five senses, is an inert radioactive gas. Radon negatively affects people's health (such as lung cancer) as a result of excessive (>200 Bq/m3) accumulation in buildings. The aim of this study is to measure the radon emission concentrations of the components (Qg, Qf, Qm) that make up the Total Radon Gas Concentration (Qt) in the building (for the purpose of this study, mosque minarets) close to the fault or the possible fault in Muğla province (SW Turkey) and order their sizes. The Indoor Radon Concentration (IRC) of 841 minarets in Muğla province was measured with a portable RadonEye device (made in South Korea). At least 5 Soil Radon Concentration (SRC) measurements were made perpendicular to the fault lines near 14 minarets with a portable Markus 10 device (made in Sweden). About 10% of the 841 minarets were found to be above the European Indoor Radon Reference Value (EIRRV) (200 Bq/m3). When evaluated according to the 13 districts, it is seen that the district with the highest IRC in the 841 minarets is Marmaris (Çetibeli town, 2809 Bq/m3), and the district with the lowest is Ula (Armutçuk town, 217 Bq/m3). The highest IRC was measured inside a minaret made of volcanic rocks in the Marmaris district (Çetibeli town, 2809 Bq/m3). The lowest SRC was obtained in Datça district (Kızlan town, 5830 Bq/m3) where serpentinites outcropped, and the highest SRC was found in Bodrum district (Gürece town, 120000 Bq/m3) where volcanic rocks outcropped. It has been determined that there is a Qf>Qg>Qm relationship between the magnitudes of the factors (Qg, Qf, Qm) affecting Qt in the minarets close to the fault and possible faults. As a result, IRC measurements in all buildings where people live should be done periodically and regularly by the relevant institutions.

İnce partikül madde (PM2.5) bir dizi olumsuz sağlık etkisi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir, bu nedenle epidemiyolojik çalışmalar için öngörüsü çok önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, giriş parametresi olarak trafik gürültüsü kullanılarak trafik gürültüsü yüksek şehirlerde PM2.5 konsantrasyonunun tahmini için yeni bir topluluk tekniği önerilmiştir. Çalışmanın yürütülmesi için Kuzey Kıbrıs'taki yedi örnekleme noktasından eş zamanlı olarak toplanan hava kirletici konsantrasyonu (P), meteorolojik parametreler (M) ve trafik verileri (T) kullanılmıştır. Modelleme 2 senaryoda yapılmıştır. Senaryo I'de PM2.5, trafik gürültüsü olmadan 4 farklı giriş kombinasyonu kullanılarak giriş parametresi olarak modellenirken, senaryo II'de trafik gürültüsü 4 giriş kombinasyonu için giriş değişkeni olarak eklenmiştir. Modeller, Nash-Sutcliffe Verimliliği (NSE), Ortalama Kare Hatası (RMSE), Korelasyon Katsayısı (CC) ve Bias (BIAS) olmak üzere 4 performans kriteri kullanılarak değerlendirildi. PM2.5'in ilgili P, M ve T girdi parametreleriyle modellenmesi, yalnızca bir parametre seti ile geliştirilen modelin performansını yalnızca P, M ve T içeren modeller için sırasıyla %12, 17 ve %29'a kadar iyileştirebilir. Senaryo II'deki tüm modeller, doğrulama aşamasında senaryo I'deki karşılık gelen modelden %12'ye kadar yüksek tahmin doğruluğu göstermiştir. Support Vector Regresyon tabanlı Ensemble modeli (SVR-E), doğrulama aşamasında tekli modellerin performans doğruluğunu %17'ye kadar artırabilir., Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to a number of adverse health effects, hence its prediction for epidemiological studies has become very crucial. In this study, a novel ensemble technique was proposed for the prediction of PM2.5 concentration in cities with high traffic noise using traffic noise as an input parameter. Air pollutants concentration (P), meteorological parameters (M) and traffic data (T) simultaneously collected from seven sampling points in North Cyprus were used for conducting the study. The modelling was done in 2 scenarios. In scenario I, PM2.5 was modelled using 4 different input combination without traffic noise as input parameter while in scenario II, traffic noise was added as an input variable for 4 input combinations. The models were evaluated using 4 performance criteria including Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Coefficient (CC) and Bias (BIAS). Modelling PM2.5 with combined relevant input parameters of P, M and T could improve the performance of the model developed with only one set of the parameters by up to 12, 17 and 29% for models containing only P, M and T respectively. All the models in scenario II have demonstrated high prediction accuracy than the corresponding model in scenario I by up to 12% in the verification stage. The Support Vector Regression-based Ensemble model (SVR-E) could improve the performance accuracy of single models by up to 17% in the verification stage.

Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından Aralık 2019’da kabul edilen Yeşil Mutabakat’ın öncü eylemlerinden biri olan AB yeni İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Stratejisi, 24 Şubat 2021 tarihinde açıklanmıştır. Strateji, AB’nin iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine uyum sağlanması konusundaki politika belgelerinin en güncelidir. Belgenin önemi sadece iklim değişikliğine uyumun, iklimle ilişkili artan risk ve afetler karşısında acil eylem gerektiren bir konu olmasından kaynaklanmamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra yeni Strateji kapsamında gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan eylemlerin, AB ile yakın ilişkileri olan başta Türkiye olmak üzere küresel çapta tüm ülkeler için ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sonuçları olmasındandır. İklim değişikliğinin kaçınılmaz etkilerine karşı dirençlilik sağlanması, etki ve etkilenebilirliğin tespit edilerek, iklim değişikliğine uyum eylemlerinin ivedilikle uygulanması; söz konusu etkilerin Türkiye’nin de içinde bulunduğu Akdeniz Havzası gibi kırılgan bölgeler başta olmak üzere, tüm dünyada daha olumsuz sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmasının ön görüldüğü koşullarda sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın ve ulusal güvenliğin sağlanması bağlamlarında her zamankinden önemli hale gelmiştir. Uyum politikalarının geliştirilmesine diğer ülkelerden erken bir tarihte başlamış olan AB’nin söz konusu süreçlerinin gelişiminin, bu kapsamda karşılaştığı sorunların ve uyum politikalarında geldiği güncel durumunun analiz edilmesi; aynı zamanda AB’ye üyelik hedefi bulunan Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğine uyum politikalarının geliştirilmesi bağlamında yararlanılabilecek bir örnek olması bakımından önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı, AB’nin iklim değişikliğine uyum politikalarının gelişiminin, Yeşil Kitap (2007), Beyaz Kitap (2009), 2013 yılında açıklanan ve 2018’de gözden geçirilen AB İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Stratejisi ve 2021 yılında açıklanan yeni İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Stratejisi bağlamında incelenmesi ve AB’nin güncel uyum politikalarının Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada Yeşil Mutabakat ve yeni Uyum Stratejisi kapsamında politikalar geliştirilmesinin, Türkiye açısından toplam ihracatının yaklaşık yarısını gerçekleştirdiği AB ile ticari ilişkileri sürdürmede ve ilerleyen süreçte AB tarafından iklim değişikliğine uyum alanında kapasite geliştirme, teknoloji ve finansman konularında kurulacağı taahhüt edilen ikili iş birlikleri bağlamlarında önemli bir gereklilik olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir., The EU new Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, one of the priority actions within the scope of the Green Deal, was announced on February 24, 2021. The strategy is very important as the most up-to-date of the EU's policy documents on climate adaptation. The importance of document is not only because climate adaptation is an issue that requires urgent action. Also, actions planned under Strategy have economic, social and environmental consequences for countries, especially Turkey, has relations with EU. Ensuring resilience against the inevitable effects of climate change has become more important for ensuring sustainable development and national security especially in vulnerable regions such as the Mediterranean Basin, where Turkey is located. The EU started the process of developing adaptation policies at an early date. Analyzing these processes in EU is an important example that can be used in the context of policies in Turkey, which also has the goal of the EU membership. This study aims to evaluate the evolution of the EU's climate adaptation policies in the context of Green Paper (2007), White Paper (2009), Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2013, 2018) and new Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2021), and to assest the importance of the EU's current climate change policies for Turkey. In the study, it was concluded that the development of policies in the context of the Green Deal and the new Adaptation Strategy is an important requirement for Turkey to maintain commercial relations with EU and to develop cooperation with the EU in climate change adaptation area.

The global climate crisis deepening rapidly and turning into a severe security problem requires a global struggle. In this regard, the United Nations has initiated comprehensive negotiations for a long time, but the process has not achieved the desired level of success. Behind this failure lies neoliberalism and its institutions that dominate the global economic system. The aviation sector with rapid growth potential grows and develops around the aggressive strategies of neoliberalism. The developments in the aviation sector naturally affect the climate negatively at the same rate. In this context, the aviation industry adopting the policy of pretending to be environmentalist has ignored or covered up the environmental impacts to escape the pressure of the climate crisis and continued to grow around the deregulation principle of neoliberalism. This situation, called greenwashing, has been well adopted by the aviation industry. The current study deals with the greenwashing application, a strategical approach that the aviation industry has implemented against other environmental problems, especially the climate crisis. The study has revealed that the innovative projects of the aviation industry, such as electric airplanes, hydrogen-powered airplanes, biofuel studies, high-efficiency, etc., are highly nonfunctional. In conclusion, the study has emphasized that the aviation industry is not as innocent as pretended; their attempts to hide the sector-based pollution effects are unrealistic, and the sector-related climate crisis continues to increase.

Caves are geologic entities that can be frequently found around the globe. Cave-like features have been documented on Mars by satellite imagery and special detection devices. On Earth Subterranean habitats like caves might host microbial growth because of their relatively stable physicochemical conditions and mineral rich content. Moreover, caves have also been isolated from UV radiation and other present environmental conditions which actually make them ideal for searching for unique microbial life. Mars is an arid planet with thin atmosphere and quite weak magnetosphere. Therefore Mars as we know is inunhabitable. Research shows that Mars might have been a wet planet in the past, having streams of running water. Earth like subterranean cavities on Mars might provide protection from these environmental hazards. This makes Earth caves important astrobiological sites as Mars analogues for the investigation of the possibility of life on Mars. Researching caves both on Earth and Mars will provide us insight into extreme life conditions and important astrobiological questions. In this review, we are suggesting that geobiological significance of Earth caves plays an important role in searching for life on Mars and defining Mars analogues on Earth.

Acomys cilicicus is a narrow range, endemic spiny mouse species of Turkey. Some issues have been uncertain about its distribution and status. In the study, we, therefore, aimed to identify species' spatial distribution and understand the impact of environmental factors on species. We used maximum entropy modeling to fulfill these purposes. The results showed that the distribution of the species is restricted in the coastal part of the study area, the human population is one of the severe threats for the species distribution, and the fluctuations of climatic conditions may adversely affect the species distribution. We hope that these outputs can be valuable for the species' conservation efforts and serve as a guide for both Acomys cilicicus and other narrowly distributed species

The microbial quality of water is a critical safety aspect that should not be overlooked, especially when considering human consumption in the facilities for healthcare and the treatment of health compromised populations. The present work aimed to study a municipal network for city water within a healthcare facility microbiologically. The implementation of multivariate analysis was conducted over collected data to decipher trends of the microbiological count of samples from different points-of-use. The statistical study involved an Eigenvalue determination, score graph, loading plot study and outlier diagram. Data showed clustering tendency with aberrant values could be observed. The first component appeared to be associated with bioburden density in the water. While the other component showed a link to the relative locations of the distribution points in the facility and the length of the water lines from the source feeding city water to a great extent. The two components explained more than 55% of the variations in data. A property that highlighted a strong agreement between the order of points-of-use in the loading plot with that of ratio factor which was obtained from the Total Viable Count over the hypothetical distance of sampling port from the reference feeding entrance. Thus, there was evidence of variation in the microbial quality affected by the biological stability of the water distribution system that needed attention and an improvement plan for better control of microbial content in city water to prevent possible excursions in the future. The study showed a valuable perspective approach for the quantitative examination of the microbiological stability of the municipal water distribution network system.

Kanser tedavisinde son yıllarda başarı oranını artıran ilaç ve yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Ancak toksisitesi düşük ve yüksek derecede etkili bir ilaç üretilememiştir. Bu araştırma akciğer (A549) ve meme kanseri (MDA-MB-231) hücre hatlarında sodyum fenilpirüvatın antitümöral etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada distile suyla sodyum fenilpirüvatın değişik yoğunluklarda çözeltileri hazırlandı. Bu çözeltilerden içerisinde 1x103 adet kanser hücresi bulunan mikropleyt kuyucuklarına sırasıyla kontrol, 0.0375 mM, 0.075 mM, 0.15 mM, 0.3 mM, 0.6 mM, 1.2 mM ve 2.4 mM’lik konsantrasyonlarından 100 mikrolitre hacimlerde ilave edildi. Aynı doz sağlıklı hücrelere de uygulandı. Her kuyucuğa 24, 48 ve 72. saatlerde CVDK-8 Cell Viability Test kitinden (Eco-Tech) 10’ar µL eklendi ve 1 saat sonra mikropleytlerin 450 nm dalga boyunda verdikleri absorbansları spektrofotometrede ölçülerek hücrelerin yoğunlukları belirlendi. Kontrol ve deney gruplarından elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiki yönden değerlendirildi. Deney gruplarda kontrole göre kanser hücre sayılarının azaldığı, hücre katlanma sayılarının ise arttığı tespit edildi. Kontrole göre en fazla azalma Akciğer Karsinom hücre hattında 2,4 mM dozda 24. saatte, Meme Adenokarsinom hücre hattında 2,4 mM dozda 72. saatte ve Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) hattında 1,2 mM dozda 48. saatte olduğu tespit edildi. Sodyum fenilpirüvatın akciğer ve meme kanseri hücreleri üzerine in vitro şartlarda antitümöral etki gösterdiği sonucuna varıldı.

When the graft donor areas are evaluated in terms of bone reserve and functional aspects, it can be said that the iliac site has outstanding properties. However, complications of graft harvesting operations performed from various iliac donor sites have been reported by many researchers. Numerous studies have been carried out in the literature to reduce these complications, and to increase the success of the operation. However, biomechanical comparison of anterior and posterior iliac graft harvesting operations is one of the gaps in the literature. This study aims to assess both biomechanical behavior and bone graft reserve comparison of the two surgical operation alternatives. According to the FEA results of the study, posterior iliac graft harvesting provides 264% more trabecular bone reserve than anterior operation. However, this rate is 132% for cortical bone. When the models are compared, anterior osteotomy model has a 8.6% higher von Mises strain compared to the posterior osteotomy model. Results of the present study has shown that the region with the highest stress value in the cortical bone is the sacroiliac joint for both models. While posterior graft harvesting operation offers advantages in terms of morbidity rate, joint fracture risk and graft reserve, anterior operation can be preferred in terms of operational ease and the sacroiliac joint stability. However, since results obtained may be affected by the factors such as the amount of graft harvested, the patient's bone quality, anatomical differences, age and gender, it has been evaluated that the success of the operation may be enhanced by carrying out a patient-specific approach for modeling and analysis steps.

Water treatment is essential in the provision of potable drinking water to communities. However, studies have shown that many local conventional drinking water treatment plants in Nigeria are ineffective in removing contaminants. This study evaluated the efficiency of drinking water from Wukari-Ibi plant by assessing water samples before and after treatment and comparing results to national and international drinking water standards. Forty water samples were collected and selected physical and biological parameters were determined according to standard laboratory procedures. The results indicated that after treatment, turbidity (6.74 NTU) and coliform count (17 cfu/100 mL) were still significantly greater than standard guidelines, which suggest that the treatment plant is unable to reduce the concentration of these contaminants to a safe level for consumption. Furthermore, assessing water at consumer taps indicated that broken distribution system is likely serving as a potential pathway for contamination. The plant removal efficiency of colour, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, hardness, and coliform count was computed as 74.7%, 66.57%, 32.58%, 30.11%, and 59.88% respectively. Overall, the removal efficiency was 52.77% which is considered unacceptable for the supply of potable drinking water. The study concludes that cost and poor skilled personnel are the major factors in the inefficient treatment and therefore we suggest a low-cost treatment using activated carbon from locally sourced plants to be incorporated for effective removal of contaminants. There is also a need for government to invest in infrastructure and equipment so as to upgrade the treatment plant.

This paper is aimed at constructing a topology on fuzzy hypersoft sets. The concepts of fuzzy hypersoft topology, fuzzy hypersoft open(closed) sets, fuzzy hypersoft interior, fuzzy hypersoft closure, fuzzy hypersoft base and fuzzy hypersoft subspace topology are also introduced here and some important theorems have been established.

Recent studies have revealed that boron compounds can be effective in the treatment of obesity, which is known to be one of the most dangerous and complex health problems of this age. In this study, the therapeutic effect of boron molecules in the diet on obesity was investigated. For this purpose, the effects of boron compounds on Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels and paraoxanase (PON) activity were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet. The study material was 40 Sprague Dawley rats 4-5 months old with a mean live weight of 226.95 ± 5.75 g. Animals were divided into 4 groups as Group I (normal diet), Group II (High fat), Group III (High fat + Boric Acid) and Group IV (Boric Acid). Six weeks after the experiment, blood samples were taken from the animals and TAS, TOS, HDL levels and PON activity were measured from the samples. In addition, the live weight changes of the animals were recorded. At the end of the study, we found that boric acid given in addition to drinking water did not significantly change TAS level and PON activity, but increased TOS and HDL levels. In addition, the weight average of the group treated with boric acid decreased. As a result, boric acid did not have an effect on the antioxidant system, but it caused an increase in HDL level and a decrease in PON activity. In addition, boric acid can be effective in lowering body weight.

Mining is a sector that requires special security measures and special trainings due to the risks it involves. Accidents such as collapse, grizu explosion, falling from height and gas poisoning occur frequently in mines. The purpose of this study is to determine the survival and first aid knowledge levels of underground miners.The research was conducted between January 2019 and March 2019 with 302 underground miners at Kozlu establishments located in the Zonguldak Basin. The data were collected using a questionnaire prepared by the researcher asking demographic information, first aid and safety information of their own fields. All mine workers participating in the study were male, the average age of the mine workers was 37.09 ± 4.35 (24-58) years, 34.4% (n = 104) were high school graduates, 92.4% (n = 279) is married. More than 50% of the workers participating in the study answered the questions about first aid and safety information of their fields. Percentages of responding correctly to the questions of survival in disaster and first aid knowledge level of those who had an occupational accident (62.36 ± 7.11) were higher than those who had no occupational accidents (60.69 ± 8.05) (p = 0.048 p, Madencilik, barındırdığı riskler nedeniyle özel güvenlik önlemlerinin, özel eğitimlerin alınması gereken bir sektördür. Madenlerde sıklıkla; göçük, grizu patlaması, yüksekten düşme ve gazlarla zehirlenme gibi kazalar meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yer altı maden işçilerinin afet anında hayatta kalma ve ilk yardım bilgi düzeylerini belirlemektir.Araştırma Ocak 2019-Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında Zonguldak Havzasında bulunan TTK Kozlu Müessese Müdürlüğü’ndeki 302 yer altı maden işçisi ile yapıldı. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgiler, ilk yardım ve kendi alanlarının güvenlik bilgilerinin sorulduğu anket kullanılarak toplandı. Çalışmaya katılan tüm maden işçileri erkekti, maden işçilerinin yaş ortalaması 37,09±4,35 (24-58) olup %34,4’ü (n=104) lise mezunu, %92,4’ü (n=279) evlidir. Çalışmaya katılan işçilerin %50’sinden fazlası ilk yardım ve kendi alanlarının güvenlik bilgilerini içeren sorulara doğru yanıt verdi. Daha önce iş kazası geçirenlerin (62,36±7,11) afet anında hayatta kalma ve ilk yardım bilgi düzeyi sorularına doğru cevap verme yüzdeleri, daha önce iş kazası geçirmeyenlere (60,69±8,05) göre yüksek saptandı (p=0,048; p

This paper presents the spatial and temporal characteristics of Turkish soil temperature regimes. Basic data consists of the monthly soil temperature averages from 153 stations at depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm for 44 years (1975-2018) record length. The soil temperature regime of Turkey has been analyzed based on both classical climatic regime approach (monthly average soil temperature change) and Soil Taxonomy. As expected, The annual course of soil temperatures differs between the coastal and inland areas of Turkey and in the western and eastern half. Latitude and continentality shapes the soil temperature regime in the eastern half of Turkey while elevation shapes the soil temperature regime in the western half of Turkey. The frost is seen in the eastern half of Turkey in January and February, except for coastal areas. Morever, the frost period goes up to 4 months (November-February) in northeastern Anatolia. Frost reaches up to 90 cm in this area. The high soil temperatures adversely affecting plant life (35 °C and above) is seen in the South-East Anatolia Region and Çukurova region in Turkey in July and August. These high temperatures are effective up to 80 cm in the region. The majority of Turkey has thermic soil or mesic soil. Considering long-term averages (1975-2018), there are four main soil temperature regimes in Turkey as frigid, thermic, mesic, hyperthermic. The eastern Mediterranean coastline and the southwestern Anatolian coastline are hyperthermic soil temperature regime character and the northeast Anatolia (Ardahan surroundings) show a frigid temperature regime character. Percentages of thermic and hyperthermic soil temperature regime have been increasing in the last 10 years. The increase is probably due to the above normal average air temperatures from July to December and the breaking of air temperature records in the last 10 years.

The scavenging of atmospheric particles from the atmosphere is known to be efficiently carried out by the below-cloud scavenging process. To examine this process, a total of 51 sub-event samplings was carried out in 10 precipitations during a 129-day sampling period. PM2.5 samples were also collected simultaneously. The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al, Cu, Mn, and Fe were determined in the sub-events as well as in PM2.5 samples, and the pH values were also measured. The observed volumeweighted mean pH values of the precipitation sub-events were between 6.58 and 8.32, with an average value of 7.28. It was observed that the element with the highest average volumeweighted mean concentration value in precipitation was Na. Among the elements in PM2.5 particles, K had the highest concentration value. Next, the scavenging ratios of the elements were calculated in the precipitations that occurred. According to the averages of scavenging ratios of precipitations, it was determined that the element with the highest scavenging ratio was Na and the element with the lowest scavenging ratio was Fe. In addition, scavenging indexes were also determined in precipitations events. Variations in the scavenging properties of the elements were observed in each sub-event. The novelty of this study is that it is the first study carried out in Istanbul and even Turkey in terms of calculating scavenging indexes in sub-event sampling. Although this study is local, however, the importance of studies like this should not be ignored in terms of testing different air quality models.

Air pollution-induced issues involve public health, environmental, agricultural and socio-economic aspects. Therefore, decision-makers need low-cost, efficient tools with high spatiotemporal representation for monitoring air pollutants around urban areas and sensitive regions. Air pollution forecasting models with different time steps and forecast lengths are used as an alternative and support to traditional air quality monitoring stations (AQMS). In recent decades, given their eligibility to reconcile the relationship between parameters of complex systems, artificial neural networks have acquired the utmost importance in the field of air pollution forecasting. In this study, different machine learning regression methods are used to establish a mathematical relationship between air pollutants and meteorological factors from four AQMS (A-D) located between Çerkezköy and Süleymanpaşa, Tekirdağ. The model input variables included air pollutants and meteorological parameters. All developed models were used with the intent to provide instantaneous prediction of the air pollutant parameter NOx within the AQMS and across different stations. In the GMDH (group method of data handling)-type neural network method (namely the self-organizing deep learning approach), a five hidden layer structure consisting of a maximum of five neurons was preferred and, choice of layers and neurons were made in a way to minimize the error. In all models developed, the data were divided into a training (%80) and a testing set (%20). Based on R2, RMSE, and MAE values of all developed models, GMDH provided superior results regarding the NOx prediction within AQMS (reaching 0.94, 10.95, and 6.65, respectively for station A) and between different AQMS. The GMDH model yielded NOx prediction of station B by using station A input variables (without using NOx data as model input) with R2, RMSE and MAE values 0.80, 10.88, 7.31 respectively. The GMDH model is found suitable for being employed to fill in the gaps of air pollution records within and across-AQMS.

This paper investigates the dynamics of a discrete fractional prey-predator system. The prey-predator interaction is modelled using the square root functional response, which appropriately models systems in which the prey exhibits a strong herd structure, implying that the predator generally interacts with the prey along the herd's outer corridor. Some recent field experiments and studies show that predators affect prey by directly killing and inducing fear in prey, reducing prey species' reproduction rate. Considering these facts, we propose a mathematical model to study herd behaviour and fear effect in the prey-predator system. We show algebraically equilibrium points and their stability condition. Condition for Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, Flip bifurcation and Fold bifurcation are given. Phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams are portraits that depict the model's behaviour based on some hypothetical data. Numerical simulations reveal the model's rich dynamics as a result of fear and fractional order.

This study was investigation employed the batch adsorption method using Bardakçı Clay/Van as an adsorbent to remove crystal violent, a cationic dye from an aqueous solution. The effects of pH, adsorbent amount, interaction time and concentration were investigated to determine the optimal adsorption conditions. The optimal adsorption conditions were determined to be pH=6, 0.6 g adsorbent amount, and the adsorption reached equilibrium at the 25th minute. The equilibrium isotherm was determined using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption equations. It was discovered to conform to the Langmuir isotherm. In the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model, the E value was calculated to E< 8 kJmol-1, indicating that the adsorption process occurs physically. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔHo), Gibbs' free energy (ΔGo) and entropy (ΔSo) were calculated. The adsorption of crystal violet with Bardakçı clay demonstrated that the process was endothermic, occurring both physically and spontaneously.

Turkey is surrounded by seas on three sides like a sea country, also has a great inland sea such as the Sea of Marmara. The majority of the population of Turkey is located at the shores of the sea. However, because of the rapidly increasing population in Turkey, a settlement has been subject to many coastal distorted. Many people and institutions responsible for this distorted residence, although, unfortunately, no one takes the blame on. That is the thesis that the study of coasts in Turkey in general terms about the mistakes made until now focused on who is fault. The real important what is the role of local governments, is examined in this defect. In addition, still regarded as pristine as what to do about the coasts, are emphasized. In particular it should be stated at what point the new local government structures are. While all these studies of integrated coastal areas management, a clearer understanding of what the role of local governments in the study area was taken as an example for the Marmara Region. Because, the Marmara Region of Turkey's most advanced, most cosmopolitan, most populous and most densely population region. At the same time zone landforms, climate, vegetation and so on. Factors of diversity is a mark all over Turkey. Most Importantly, this region has coast at the Marmara Sea, Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. That's because of these reasons, be considered a reflection of Turkey's Marmara region. As a result of this study, the sampling area studies, from past to present, examining the laws and institutions, which ones play a role in the development of coastal areas, integrated coastal areas management to date on what is the role of local government and after that what should have been tried out.

Article is devoted to statistical analysis of the influence of the surface water of Kerch Peninsula on landslides. We chose a distance from water as indicator that can be express the impact of surface water on landslides. The territory of the peninsula was divided into 5 classes according to the degree of distance. Thus, according to the results of the study, it was found that the greatest impact on landslides is observed at a distance of up to 500 m. On the other hand, it is noted that there is no effect of surface water on landslides at a distance over 2 km.

In order to investigate the submarine morphology of offshore Cide-Sinop from the perspective of the Black Sea flooding, the rivers, submarine channels and some spatial data were extracted by using General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO-2014) which is a seamless digital elevation and bathymetry grid (DEM), and Geographic Information System (GIS) software tools. The accuracy of extracted land rivers were controlled with 1/25K topo-maps by using buffer overlay method. The comparisons affirmed that the rivers are on ratio of 75% in 0-400 meters buffer distance. The derived submarine channels with a total of 1548 km length indicate that there is a dendritic drainage pattern with the flow direction from north to the south extending from coast to shelf plain, shelf break and converging toward the abyssal plain respectively in the study area. However, seismic profiles do not indicate any recent delta deposits on the shelf plain. The only some prograded delta deposits are determined at the shelf break in a limited area, where they coincide with the submarine channels derived in this study. These deposits are truncated from their top by an erosional surface which extends over the whole shelf plain. These results indicate that the derived submarine channels do not represent the current flow pattern offshore Cide-Sinop. Instead, they illustrate paleochannels that should be active during the last lowstand time, before the Black Sea Flood and their sedimentary influx should also control the developments of canyons located at the shelf edge at that time. However, the most of the canyons located on the shelf slope are under the influence of both submarine erosion and active tectonics at present.

Spatial analysis plays a prominent role in revealing and characterizing the spatial patterns over a geographical region by considering both the attributes of objects in a data set and their locations. The response variable can display spatial autocorrelation. The objects close together tend to produce more similar observations than objects further apart. Despite covariates in the model, we cannot capture spatial autocorrelation explicitly. It remains in the model residuals. Then, the independence assumption is violated by the residuals. We apply conditional autoregressive (CAR) model to prevent the residual spatial autocorrelation. In this study, we consider the problem of identifying the provinces at high risk to respiratory diseases mortality in Turkey. The number of deaths from respiratory diseases in 81 provinces of Turkey are modelled by using Leroux Model. We assume that the observed number of deaths have a Poisson distribution. Disease mapping is performed over calculated risk values. The results show that an increase in the household consumption of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes and tobacco and, also in the rate of people aged over 65 years in a province trigger a significant increase in respiratory disease mortality. Furthermore, Kastamonu has the highest mortality risk from respiratory diseases.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 340 million infection cases (as of 21 January 2022) and more than 5.57 million deaths globally. In reaction, science, technology and innovation communities across the globe have organised themselves to contribute to national responses to COVID-19 disease. A significant contribution has been from the establishment of wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance interventions and programmes for monitoring the spread of COVID-19 in at least 55 countries. Here, we examine and share experiences and lessons learnt in establishing such surveillance programmes. We use case studies to highlight testing methods and logistics considerations associated in scaling the implementing of such programmes in South Africa, the Netherlands, Turkey and England. The four countries were selected to represent different regions of the world and the perspective based on the considerable progress made in establishing and implementing their national WBE programmes. The selected countries also represent different climatic zones, economies, and development stages, which influence the implementation of national programmes of this nature and magnitude. In addition, the four countries' programmes offer good experiences and lessons learnt since they are systematic, and cover extensive areas, disseminate knowledge locally and internationally and partnered with authorities (government). The programmes also strengthened working relations and partnerships between and among local and global organisations. This paper shares these experiences and lessons to encourage others in the water and public health sectors on the benefits and value of WBE in tackling SARS-CoV-2 and related future circumstances.

Marine pollution has increased in recent decades, largely due to the proliferation of seafood processing plants and the improper disposal of their associated waste streams. The waste streams consist mainly of shells that are composed of chitin, which is the most abundant aminopolysaccharide biopolymer in nature. Recognizing the value of chitin, the potential for the valorization of crustacean waste for chitin production was explored. In this regard, biogenic crab waste was subjected to chemical-only, enzymatic–chemical, and microbial treatments for chitin production. The results were employed as inputs for process simulation as a precursor to undertaking performance assessments. This study subsequently showed that the net present values (NPVs) of the chemical-only, enzyme–chemical, and microbial chitin production pathways were GBP 118.63 million, GBP 115.67 million, and GBP 132.34 million, respectively, indicating that the microbial chitin production pathway constituted the most appropriate technology for future investment. Employing a cost–benefit (CB) analysis, the CB ratios for the chemical-only, enzymatic–chemical, and microbial approaches were determined to be 7.31, 0.45, and 0.23, respectively. These results reinforced the dominant status of the microbial approach for chitin production from crab waste as the preferred valorization strategy. This study was able to provide information regarding the implications of executing alternative scenarios for crustacean waste.

Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are an emerging solar-energy-harvesting technology with promising applications, such as rooftop energy supplies for environmentally friendly greenhouses. However, the poor operational stability of OPVs poses challenges to their feasibility as incessantly serving facilities. Here we report a reductive interlayer structure for semi-transparent OPVs that improves the operational stability of OPVs under continuous solar radiation. The interlayer effectively suppresses the generation of radicals from the electron transport layer under sunlight and prevents the structural decomposition of the organic photoactive layer during operation. The defects that serve as the charge carrier recombination sites are nullified by the electron-donating functional groups of the reduced molecules, which improves photovoltaic performance. The semi-transparent OPVs demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 13.5% and an average visible transmittance of 21.5%, with remarkable operational stability (84.8% retention after 1,008 h) under continuous illumination. Greenhouse results show that the semi-transparent OPV roof benefits the survival rate and growth of the crops, indicating the importance of our approach in addressing food and energy challenges.

Eğitim ömür boyu devam eden bir süreçtir. Bu süreç, teknolojinin de gelişmesi ile devamlı ilerleme göstermektedir. Sürekli gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte, eğitimde kullanılan öğretim teknikleri, materyaller ve uygulamaların da teknoloji ile eş zamanlı gelişim gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu gelişmelerden biri de Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojisidir. Artırılmış Gerçeklik, gerçek dünya nesneleri yerine dijital ortam ürünlerinin kullanıldığı gerçeklik ortamıdır. Eğitimde artırılmış gerçeklik ile ilgili çalışmalarda ağırlığın daha çok fen bilimleri alanında yoğunlaştığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada alan yazındaki Fen Bilimleri eğitiminde artırılmış gerçekliğe yönelik araştırmaların incelenmesi ve bu araştırmalardaki potansiyel boşlukların ve eksikliklerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi doküman incelemesidir. Bu amaçla bir değerlendirme rubriğine yer verilmiştir. Bu rubriğe göre 30 farklı artırılmış gerçeklik içerikli akademik çalışma incelenmiştir. Daha sonra bu rubrikten elde edilen veriler, betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur.Çalışma sonucunda, artırılmış gerçeklikle ilgili çalışmalarda, değerlendirme aşamalarında önemli eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca içeriğin oluşturulması ve çalışmanın uyumluluğu açısından da bazı temel problemler belirlenmiştir., Eğitim ömür boyu devam eden bir süreçtir. Bu süreç, teknolojinin de gelişmesi ile devamlı ilerleme göstermektedir. Sürekli gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte, eğitimde kullanılan öğretim teknikleri, materyaller ve uygulamaların da teknoloji ile eş zamanlı gelişim gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu gelişmelerden biri de Artırılmış Gerçeklik Teknolojisidir. Artırılmış Gerçeklik, gerçek dünya nesneleri yerine dijital ortam ürünlerinin kullanıldığı gerçeklik ortamıdır. Eğitimde artırılmış gerçeklik ile ilgili çalışmalarda ağırlığın daha çok fen bilimleri alanında yoğunlaştığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada alan yazındaki Fen Bilgisi eğitiminde artırılmış gerçekliğe yönelik araştırmaların incelenmesi ve bu araştırmalardaki potansiyel boşlukların ve eksikliklerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi doküman incelemesidir. Bu amaçla bir değerlendirme rubriğine yer verilmiştir. Bu rubriğe göre 30 farklı artırılmış gerçeklik içerikli akademik çalışma incelenmiştir. Daha sonra bu rubrikten elde edilen veriler, betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur.Çalışma sonucunda, artırılmış gerçeklikle ilgili çalışmalarda, değerlendirme aşamalarında önemli eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca içeriğin oluşturulması ve çalışmanın uyumluluğu açısından da bazı temel problemler belirlenmiştir.

Absrtact COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. There is currently no effective treatment or immunization for the virus, and it is spreading rapidly with a high mortality rate. As a crucial CoV enzyme involved in initiating both viral replication and transcription, the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) is an appealing target for researchers. Novel therapeutics are urgently required to treat the early stages of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, to find potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors, naphthoquinones from the Onosma genus were screened to find out their possible effects on the Mpro enzyme. In this study, we employed a range of computational approaches, including molecular docking and MM-GBSA, to uncover potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro from existing natural product databases. According to our findings, the molecules deoxyshikonin, 3-hydroxy-isovalerylshikonin, propionylshikonin, and acetylshikonin have high binding affinities for the Mpro enzyme. In addition, it was observed that the other shikonin compounds have anti-Mpro enzyme activity. Docking simulations and molecular mechanics suggest that shikonin derivatives might be effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds.

Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) areas contain various risks due to their structure. Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats can create separate or combined risks. For this reason, it is not possible to enter the scene safely without detecting the risks that may occur in a possible CBRN accident or disaster. Since the risk assessment in the incident area takes a long time, no team can enter the scene and find information and intervention until the risk assessment is done. In this article, it is studied the determination of the general health status of people in hazardous CBRN zones via a thermal camera. It is obvious that there is a continuous need to obtain information about the scene of the incident such as the alive, sick, and injured people in the situation of hard-to-reach and highly hazardous CBRN areas. In addition, autonomous analysis techniques were studied on the obtained images. In this study, it is focused on the determination of health status according to body temperature measurement, which is one of the vital signs, by the advantages of applying to more than one person without contact provided by thermal cameras integrated into a UAV. In addition, autonomous analysis techniques were studied on the obtained images. Within the scope of the study, a preliminary study was implemented on how thermal cameras can be used to evaluate vital signs in CBRN cases and to evaluate exposure levels according to body temperature.

We conducted this study to determine the attitudes of men living in the city of Kars, Turkey toward violence against women. This descriptive research was conducted from January 30, 2019 to March 30, 2019 in Family Practice Centers under the Kars Provincial Directorate of Health, Department of Public Health Services, and the Public Health Center. The study sample consisted of 380 male individuals. In data collection for the study, the “Sociodemographic Characteristics” form and “İSKEBE Scale of Attitudes Toward Violence Against Women” were used. Our study determined that men are against violence toward women. According to the findings, 43,9% of study participants had witnessed violence during childhood. We also found that attitudes toward violence against women were high in married, individuals aged 46 and above, men with primary school education and men who had witnessed violence during childhood. To combat violence against women, regular training and education should be provided to families and individuals by health personnel and experts in this field, non-governmental organizations and recognized religious leaders in the community. The goal of regular training and education of the public concerning the topic of domestic violence is to promote and protect the health of women and children and all members of society. In addition, programs should be developed which would support psychosocial and legal approaches for men who commit violence.

Title compound; CAPBA was analyzed via computational methods using the DFT method in the B3LYP level and 6.31G* basis set. The SPARTAN-14 software was used for computational analysis. The calculated results were compared to experimental values from the literature. Bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles and electronic properties were investigated and explicated according to spectroscopic knowledge. The calculated values and experimental results were observed to be in perfect agreement in an error margin between 0,1% and 3%.

Microbial enzymes are important tools that are frequently used in the field of biotechnology. These microbial enzymes, which play a role in intracellular biological reactions, are used in many different industries. Lipase, proteases and amylases are important members of hydrolytic enzymes. Lipase enzyme, which has the most common usage area among hydrolytic enzymes, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds between lipid molecules. The activity of lipase enzyme is commonly measured by spectrophotometric method. P-nitrophenol esters are commonly preferred for kinetic analysis. In the spectrophotometric analysis method, the colored product is measured as a result of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenol ester substrates by the lipase enzyme. In this study, p-nitrophenyl acetate (Acetic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester), p-nitrophenyl butyrate (Butyric acid 4-nitrophenyl ester), p-nitrophenyl octanoate (Octanoic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester, 4 -Nitrophenyl caprylate), p-nitrophenyl dodecanoate (Dodecanoic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester), p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-Nitrophenyl palmitate, Hexadecanoic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester) substrates were used. The products formed as a result of incubation of substrates with different carbon lengths with lipase enzyme periods were measured spectrophotometrically. Trials were carried out at 25°C between 5min-120min. As a result of the experiments carried out in four repetitions, it was determined that the activity of the lipase enzyme varies according to the length of the carbon chain of the substrates. Vmax values of wild lipase enzyme were calculated as 0.42 U/mg protein, 0.95 U/mg protein, 1.1 U/mg protein, 0.78 U/mg protein, 0.18 U/mg protein for pNP-acetate, pNP-buritate, pNP-octanoate, pNP-dodecanoate, pNP-palmitate, respectively. It was determined that the activity of lipase enzyme on p-nitrophenyl palmitate was very low. It was determined that the activity of wild lipase enzyme on the eight-carbon chain pNP-octanoate substrate was higher than the other substrates.

This study was conducted to explain the karyological analysis and morphological characteristics of blind mole rat samples collected from Ceyhan, Adana in Turkey. The chromosomes of the blind mole rat samples were stained and analysed using conventional methods. The chromosomes were defined according to centromere positions by processing photographs of metaphase cells. The karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi showed 53 chromosomes (2n=53) and fundamental number of chromosomal arms NF=66 and the number of autosomal arms NFa= 62. The karyotype showed a hybrid individual. X and Y chromosomes were determined as metacentric and acrocentric, respectively. The autosomal set had 5 (+1 single homologous) pairs of metacentric/submetacentric and 20 pairs of acrocentric. Morphological studies were carried out on two male Nannospalax ehrenbergi skulls from Adana province. Lengths of three external (height, hindfoot length and weights (gr)) and 24 cranial morphological points on skulls were measured using an electronic caliper. This was the first study in which 2n=53 NF=66 population was determined from Ceyhan. This form was described as a hybrid form. The portion behind the palate (os palatinum) has no a sharply defined styloid process.

This research work assessed the Drilling and Blasting Techniques at the Granite Quarry of AFDIN Construction Company Limited, Katsina State, Nigeria. The objectives were to identify drilling and blasting equipment, find out the drilling pattern and parameters, assess blasting method and its compliance with safety practices in and around the blast site and review the impact of the blasting operations on the surrounding environment. As an introduction, the concept of drilling and blasting activities and how they affect immediate environment were explained. The study assessed quarry activities using field visit and interviews. Equipment identified at the quarry were Wagon drill, Jack hammer, Compressors, Rock breaker, Excavators and tippers, etc. Also, Atlas Copco YT27 Jack Hammer was the main tool for hole drilling with either Square or Rectangular drilling pattern being adopted and Drilling dimensions of 4x5ft or 4x4ft (spacing and burden) were frequently used at the Quarry. Hole depths used were 6ft, 8ft, 10ft, and 12ft and drilling bit of 1-inch or 2-inch. Furthermore, the study identified that, 2,088.95 kg of explosives (10% High Explosive and 90% Low Explosive) was used to charge 2000 drilled holes with an average hole depth of 3.65metres and diameter of 32mm. A total of 7,394 tonnes of granite rock was blasted. Result from immediate blasting at the quarry indicated presence of dust and fumes within the quarry environment and nearby villages, inhalation of which could lead to serious occupational hazards. Conclusively, the explosion sound from blasting and fly-rock fragments have some serious environmental and health effects to both workers and neighbouring communities in terms of noise pollution and vibration to structures. Wetting the environment and crushing process was recommended to minimise dust generation to barest minimum to protect workers from occupational diseases such as silicosis and Pneumoconiosis, also wearing of personal protective equipment, electric blasting method, corporate social responsibilities to the communities were recommended.

Global scale changes in land use affect biodiversity, global climate, and ecosystem services. Integrating a local and regional ecosystem service approach into plans and policies levels is essential for sustainable land management. In this study, land use/land cover differences in Adana-Karaisali district of Turkey were investigated using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Landsat satellite images of the area from 2000 and 2016 were analyzed using ISODATA method and 16 land use were identified based on the third level of the CORINE classification framework. The results showed that the biggest changes occurred in agricultural areas, 2.57% decrease in non-irrigated arable land while a 7.14% increase was observed in permanently irrigated lands. In spite of the decrease in the number of inhabitants in the area, continuous urban fabric increased at the rate of 0.07% and 7.62% increase was observed in forest lands. The positive or negative effects of the identified changes on ecosystem services based on the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) framework were evaluated. In the case of Karaisalı, in spite of the decrease in water bodies and natural landscapes, it has been observed that increases in agricultural areas, forests, and artificial surfaces positively have affected ecosystem services valuation in the district., Arazi kullanımındaki küresel ölçekteki değişiklikler biyolojik çeşitliliği, küresel iklimi ve ekosistem hizmetlerini etkiler. Plan ve politikalara yerel ve bölgesel bir ekosistem hizmeti yaklaşımının entegre edilmesi, sürdürülebilir arazi yönetimi için esastır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Adana-Karaisali ilçesindeki arazi kullanımı/arazi örtüsü farklılıkları Normalleştirilmiş Fark Bitki Örtüsü İndeksi (NDVI) kullanarak incelenmiştir. 2000 ve 2016 yıllarına ait Landsat uydu görüntüleri ISODATA yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve CORINE sınıflandırma çerçevesinin üçüncü düzeyine göre 16 arazi kullanımı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, en büyük değişimin tarım alanlarında meydana geldiğini, sulanmayan ekilebilir arazilerde %2,57' lik bir azalma, sürekli sulanan arazilerde ise %7,14'lük bir artış olduğunu göstermiştir. Bölgedeki nüfus azalmasına rağmen kesintisiz kentsel doku % 0,07 oranında artmıştır ve ormanlık alanlarda %7,62 artış gözlenmiştir. Tespit edilen değişikliklerin, Ekosistem Hizmetleri Ortak Sınıflandırması (CİCES) çerçevesine dayalı olarak olumlu veya olumsuz etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Su kütleleri ve doğal peyzaj alanlarındaki azalmaya rağmen tarım alanlarındaki, ormanlardaki ve yapay yüzeylerdeki artışların ilçedeki ekosistem hizmetleri değerlemesini olumlu etkilediği belirlenmiştir.

Endometriosis is the ectopic location of the endometrial stroma and glands outside the uterine cavity. Skin endometriosis is usually seen after cesarean section. Patients usually have pain, swelling and sometimes bleeding at the scar site associated with menstruation. The definitive diagnosis in these patients is surgical excision. In this case, a painful growing mass was detected 5 cm from the incision site of the patient who applied with the complaint of swelling and pain in the incision area 2 years after the cesarean section. He was hospitalized with a preliminary diagnosis of endometriosis with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The mass was totally excised and sent to pathology. The diagnosis of endometriosis was confirmed in the pathological examination. Endometriosis should not be ignored in the differential diagnosis of anterior abdominal wall masses in female patients.

CrystalExplorer program is a program that has been used frequently in the field of theoretical chemistry in recent years and its popularity has increased. First of all, Hirshfeld surface analysis of molecules can be done in this program. Thanks to Hirshfeld surface analysis, intermolecular interactions and their contributions to the crystal surface can be determined. In this study, Hirshfeld surface analyzes and energy frameworks of nicotinamide complexes of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) 4-formylbenzoate were investigated. Dnorm index, shape index, curvature index and 2D fingerprint graphs were examined for all complexes. In addition, the intermolecular interaction energies of the complexes were calculated using the CE-B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) and CEHF/3-21G energy models. As a result of all these, it was seen that the most important interaction in the four isostructured complexes was H...H interactions. According to Hirshfeld surface analysis and energy frameworks, O-H...O and N-H...O hydrogen bonds and π•••π stacking and C−H••π interaction energies are seen as the most important interaction types in the crystal structure.

Climate change threatens the global security of ecosystems, human health and natural resources. These threats have increased the demand for effective strategies to adapt to expected impacts as well as technological solutions to mitigate various impacts. The development of green infrastructure systems in cities is among the measures that should be taken to reduce the negative effects of climate events caused by global climate change, the impact of which is felt more and more day by day. Green infrastructure elements and technologies are seen as one of the best climate adaptation strategies in cities. This study aims to provide a kind of framework for climate change mitigation and adaptation in cities using green infrastructure elements. This framework will be considered within the scope of the examination of green infrastructure practices and will guide researchers and decision makers in mitigating and adapting to climate change and effectively adapting it to urban planning., İklim değişikliği, ekosistemlerin, insan sağlığının ve doğal kaynakların küresel güvenliğini tehdit etmektedir. Bu tehditler, çeşitli etkileri azaltmaya yönelik teknolojik çözümlerin yanı sıra beklenen etkilere uyum sağlamak için etkili stratejilere olan talebi artırmıştır. Gün geçtikçe etkisi daha fazla hissedilen küresel iklim değişikliğinin neden olduğu iklim olaylarının olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için alınması gereken önlemler arasında kentlerde yeşil altyapı sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi önemli bir yer almaktadır. Yeşil altyapı unsurları ve teknolojileri, şehirlerdeki en iyi iklim uyum stratejilerinden biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, yeşil altyapı unsurlarını kullanarak şehirlerde iklim değişikliğinin azaltılması ve uyum sağlanması için bir çeşit çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçeve yeşil altyapı uygulamalarının incelenmesi kapsamında ele alınarak araştırmacılara ve karar vericilere, iklim değişikliğinin hafifletilmesi ve uyum sağlanması ve kentsel planlamaya etkili bir şekilde uyarlanması için rehberlik edecektir.

Son zamanlarda endometriyal poliplerle ilişkili endometriyal seröz adenokarsinomların incelenmesinde p16 stromal ekspresyonu bildirilmiştir. Bu nedenle endometrial polipler bazı kaynaklarfa preneoplastik oluşumlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Endometrial poliplerdeki bu farklı stromal hücre ekspresyonları nedeniyle, derleme yazımızda endometrial hiperplazi ve endometrial poliplerde stromal dokudaki p16 ekspresyonlarının ayırıcı tanıdaki yerini sunmak istedik., Recently, p16 stromal expression has been reported in the examination of endometrial serous adenocarcinomas associated with endometrial polyps. Therefore, endometrial polyps are defined as preneoplastic formations in some textbooks. Due to these different expressions of stromal cells in endometrial polyps, we wanted to present the place of p16 expressions in stromal tissue in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyps in the differential diagnosis in our review article.

Estetik, fonksiyonel ve işlevsel özelliklere sahip dekoratif bitki türlerine süs bitkileri denir. Dış mekân süs bitkileri, dış mekân peyzaj tasarım ve uygulamalarında kullanılan ve ekonomik olarak gelir sağlayan süs bitkisi sınıfıdır. Bundan dolayı kentsel ve kırsal alanların gelişiminde bu bitkilerin üretim ve satış işletmelerin potansiyelleri oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, İzmir ilinin Urla ilçesinde dış mekân süs bitkisi üretimi ve satışı alanında faaliyet gösteren işletmeler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma Nisan-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi işletmelerin yerinde tespit edilip, fotoğraflanıp, fiziki değerlendirilmelerinin yapılması ve işletme sahipleri ile yüz yüze görüşmeye dayalı olarak yapılan anket çalışması esasına dayanmaktadır. Yerinde yapılan incelemeler ile 20 işletme tespit edilmiş fakat anket çalışması istekli 12 işletme üzerinde yapılmıştır. Anket çalışması ile bu 12 işletme hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş ve işletmelerin sorunları belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin üretim sırasında ve sonrasında yaşadıkları sorunlar hakkında eğitim, istihdam, üretim ve satış konusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Nowadays architectural designs, besides the functionality and aesthetic elements, the effects of design on the natural environment have become an important element. One of the most critical parameters that can be used in determining the effects of design on the natural environment is the carbon footprint. After the goals were set on a global scale in terms of reducing carbon footprint, architects started to use carbon footprint reducing elements in their designs. In this study, the effects of green walls, a dynamic method that can be used to reduce emissions that cause global warming, on reducing the carbon footprint of an architectural design were examined. For this purpose, a model building to be used as a residence was designed, and its carbon footprint was determined with the Tier 1 approach. The annual carbon footprint of the model building was calculated as 32521 kgCO2-eq. The highest rate of carbon footprint belongs to natural gas consumption (16665 kg CO2-eq/ year). In the analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions (CO2-eq) that the green wall system in the building design will uptake if different plant species are used, the highest value was obtained in the Z. matrella plant with 1753 kgCO2-eq/m2 year. The amount of CO2-eq that can be uptaken by using all plant species together was found to be 1147 kgCO2-eq/m2 year. When the results obtained in the study are evaluated together with the additional benefits of green walls in thermal insulation and gray water treatment, it can be said that it is an important parameter that can be used to reduce carbon footprint in architectural designs., Günümüz mimari tasarımlarında işlevsellik ve estetik unsurların yanında tasarımın doğal çevreye etkileri de önemli bir unsur haline gelmiştir. Tasarımın doğal çevreye olan etkilerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek en önemli parametrelerden biri karbon ayak izidir. Karbon izinin azaltılması konusunda küresel ölçekte koyulan hedeflerden sonra, mimarlar yaptıkları tasarımlarda, karbon ayak izini azaltıcı unsurları da kullanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada küresel ısınmaya neden olan emisyonların azaltılmasında kullanılabilecek dinamik bir yöntem olan yeşil duvarların, bir mimari tasarımın karbon ayak izini azaltmada ki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla mesken olarak kullanılacak bir model bina tasarlanmış ve karbon ayak izi Tier 1 yaklaşımı ile belirlenmiştir. Model binanın yıllık karbon ayak izi 32521 kgCO2-eq olarak hesaplanmıştır. Karbon ayak izi içerisinde en yüksek oran doğalgaz tüketimine aittir (16665 kgCO2-eq/yıl). Bina tasarımında bulunan yeşil duvar sisteminin, farklı bitki türlerinin kullanılması durumunda tutacağı sera gazı emisyon miktarları (CO2-eq) incelemesinde ise, en yüksek değer 1753 kg CO2-eq /m2 yıl ile Z. matrella bitkisinde elde edilmiştir. Tüm bitki türlerinin ortak kullanılması ile tutulabilecek CO2-eq miktarı ise 1147 kg CO2-eq / m2 yıl bulunmuştur. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlar, yeşil duvarların ısı yalıtımı ve gri su atımı konularındaki ilave faydaları ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, mimari tasarımlarda karbon ayak izini azaltmak için kullanılabilecek önemli bir paremetre olduğu söylenebilir.

In the design and planning of recreation areas in urban design, acoustic environment features are not considered much. To address this deficiency, Özgürlük Park in Çanakkale city center was selected as the study area. To determine the acoustic environmental characteristics of the study area, 102 sound measurements were carried out on a total of 34 different days, including morning, noon, and evening hours on weekdays and weekends during the spring, summer, and fall periods. When the sound pressure levels were evaluated according to the seasons in which measurements were made, it was determined that 72.60 - 50.53 dB(A) in the summer period, 59.22 - 49.60 dB(A) in the fall period, and 69.22 - 49.14 dB(A) in the spring period. In addition, through the observation forms applied in the area, the "soundmark", "keynote sounds", and "signals" that make up the sound identity of the area were identified. The soundmark of the area is "bird sounds", the keynote sounds are "ferry-ship sounds, shouting sounds, and grass mowing sound", and the signals are "speech sounds, plant sounds, children's voices, and wind sounds"., Kentleşme sonucu artan nüfus yoğunluğu ve kentin dinamiklerindeki değişimler sebebiyle artık günlük hayatta daha kompleks ve kentsel alanların önemli bir kısmını oluşturan işitsel çevre ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kentsel tasarımda rekreasyon alanlarının tasarım ve planlamasında işitsel çevre özellikleri fazla dikkate alınmamaktadır. Bu noktadaki eksikliğe değinmek üzere Çanakkale kent merkezinde yer alan Özgürlük Parkı çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Alanın işitsel çevre özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ses yürüyüş rotasında ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar dönemlerinde hafta içi ve hafta sonu günlerinde sabah, öğle ve akşam saatleri olmak üzere toplamda 34 farklı günde 102 ses ölçümü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ses basınç seviyeleri ölçüm yapılan mevsimlere göre değerlendirildiğinde; yaz döneminde 72,60 - 50,53 dB(A) olduğu, sonbahar döneminde 59,22 - 49,60 dB(A) olduğu ve ilkbahar döneminde ise 69,22 - 49,14 dB(A) olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca alanda uygulanan gözlem formları aracılığıyla alanın ses kimliğini oluşturan “sembol ses”, “arka plan sesler” ve “ön plan sesler” tanımlanmıştır. Alanın sembol sesi olarak “kuş sesleri”, arka plan seslerde “feribot-gemi sesleri, bağırma sesleri ve çim biçme sesi”, ön plan sesler ise “konuşma sesleri, bitkilerin sesleri, çocuk sesleri ve rüzgâr sesi” şeklindedir.

Heavy metals constitute the largest part of air pollution. Heavy metals, the concentration of which in the environment is constantly increasing and which can remain intact in nature for a long time, are a great threat to living things. In addition, due to the fact that it causes bioaccumulation in the structure of living things, the detection of heavy metal concentration is very important. However, living things in areas where traffic is heavy are exposed to exhaust fumes, and this significantly negatively affects the health of living things. In our study, the areas where heavy traffic are concentrated in Ankara were determined and the possibilities of using linden trees, which were planted abundantly in the middle refuges, as a biomonitor for the change in heavy metal hunters were investigated. Changes of Pb, Fe, Cd, Cr and As elements in soil and plant samples were analyzed in ICP-MS device. SPSS 22 Statistical Package Program was used to evaluate the obtained data. The Tilia tomentosa Moench. parts (leaf, flower and branch) are evaluated, it is seen that the heavy metal amounts in the unwashed samples are higher than the washed samples for all heavy metals. The highest metal concentration among the stations was Fe (40681 µgg-1) collected from Gazi station, the lowest concentration was Cd (4.9 µgg-1) collected from the Mogan station on soils.

One of the sources of inspiration used to increase the aesthetic value of a design product is the traditional arts owned by that culture. When the Turkish traditional art is examined, it is seen that the oldest art is the art of carpet. For this reason, Turkish carpet art was used as a means of inspiration in urban landscape designs. The aim of the research is to emphasize the importance of using local and cultural values as inspiration in urban landscape designs and to provide urban landscape design proposals for the preservation and transfer of these values to future generations. In this context, "Dösemealti" carpets belonging to the Antalya region, which have a significant place in terms of traditional carpet art in Turkey, are considered as a source of inspiration in urban landscape design. Thus, the characteristic features of Dösemealti carpets in traditional Turkish carpets are reflected in urban landscape designs., Bir tasarım ürününün estetik değerini artırmak için kullanılan ilham kaynaklarından birisi de o kültürün sahip olduğu geleneksel sanatlardır. Türk geleneksel sanatı incelendiğinde en eski sanatın halı sanatı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle kentsel peyzaj tasarımlarında Türk halı sanatı bir esin kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, yerel ve kültürel değerlerin kentsel peyzaj tasarımlarında ilham kaynağı olarak kullanılmasının önemini vurgulamak ve bu değerlerin korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması için kentsel peyzaj tasarım önerileri sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye'de geleneksel halı sanatı açısından önemli bir yere sahip olan Antalya yöresine ait "Döşemealtı" halıları, kentsel peyzaj tasarımında bir ilham kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece Döşemealtı halılarının geleneksel Türk halılarındaki karakteristik özellikleri kentsel peyzaj tasarımlarına da yansıtılmıştır.