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This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence rates of BRV, BCoV, E. coli K99+, Cryptosporidi-umspp. and Giardia spp. in calves with neonatal diarrhea brought to the Erciyes University, Animal Hospital from farms in Kayseri and its surrounding provinces between 01 August 2019 and 31 August 2021. It was determined that a total of 1839 calves were brought to hospital between the periods above. Of the 1839 calves, 863 were brought to the Rumi-nant Clinic of Internal Medicine, and 560 of 863 calves (65%) had clinical signs of diarrhea. From the stool samples, BCoV (21.7%) were the most diagnosed single enteropathogen followed by; Cryptosporidium spp. (18.3%), ETEC K99+ (F5) (14.3%), BRV (11.4%) and Giardia spp. (0.6%). As for more than one enteropathogen, Cryptosporidium spp. +BRV (8.0%) were the mostly diagnosed and followed by; BRV+BCoV (7.4%), Cryptosporidium spp. +BCoV (6.3%), BRV+ETEC K99+ (1.1%), BRV+BCoV+Cryptosporidium spp.. Diarrhea caused by ETEC K99+ (34.7%) was the most common at 1-7 day-old calves and Cryptosporidium spp. (23.9%) was the most common at 8-14 days calves. In spring and winter seasons, BCoV (22.5%, 25.5%, respectively) was diagnosed mostly and in summer and autumn seasons mostly Cryptosporidium spp. (26.9%, 31.8%, respectively) was diagnosed. As a result, it was revealed that calf diar-rhea caused by BCoV was the most common in calves with neonatal diarrhea brought to Erciyes University Animal Hospital from Kayseri and its surrounding provinces between 2019-2021 years. It was concluded that the prevalence of enteropathogens may vary depending on various factors such as sampling place, time, season and the findings obtained from this study may be useful in taking necessary prophylactic and managerial measures for the prevention of calf diarrhea., Bu çalışma, Kayseri ve civar illerindeki çiftliklerden 01 Ağustos 2019 ve 31 Ağustos 2021 tarihleri arasında, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Eğitim Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’ne getirilen neonatal ishalli buzağılarda BRV, BCoV, E. coli K99+, Cryptosporidium spp. ve Giardia spp.’nin görülme oranlarını belirlemeyi amaçlayan retros-pektif bir araştırmadır. Belirtilen periyotlar arasında, hastaneye toplamda 1839 buzağı getirildiği tespit edildi. Bu buzağı-lardan 863’ünün İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Ruminant Kliniğine getirildiği ve bunlardan 560’ının (%65) klinik ishal belir-tisine sahip olduğu belirlendi. İshalli buzağılardan alınan dışkı örneklerinden, tek bir enteropatojen olarak en çok, BCoV (%21.7), sonra sırasıyla; Cryptosporidium spp. (%18.3), ETEC K99+ (F5) (%14.3), BRV (%11.4), Giardia spp. (%0.6) tespit edildiği belirlendi. Birden fazla enteropatojen olarak ise en çok, Cryptosporidium spp. + BRV (8.0%), sonra sıra-sıyla; BRV + BCoV (%7.4), Cryptosporidium spp. + BCoV (%6.3), BRV + ETEC K99+ (%1.1), BRV + BCoV + Cryptos-poridium spp. (%2.3) teşhisi konulduğu gözlendi. 1-7 günlük neonatal ishalli buzağılarda en çok ETEC K99+ (%34.7), 8-14 günlük neonatal ishalli buzağılarda ise en çok Cryptosporidium spp. (%23.9) kaynaklı ishal vakalarının görüldüğü belirlendi. İlkbahar ve kış mevsiminde, en çok BCoV (sırasıyla, %22.5, %25.5), yaz ve sonbahar mevsiminde ise en çok Cryptosporidium spp. (sırasıyla, %26.9, %31.8) kaynaklı ishal teşhisi konulduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak, 2019-2021 yılları arasında, Kayseri ve civar illerinden Erciyes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Eğitim Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’ne getirilen neonatal ishalli buzağılarda, en çok BCoV kaynaklı buzağı ishallerinin görüldüğü ortaya konuldu. Enteropatojenlerin prevalansının örnekleme yeri, zamanı, mevsim gibi çeşitli faktörlere bağlı olarak değişebileceği ve bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların buzağı ishalinin önlenmesi için gerekli profilaktik ve yönetimsel önlemlerin alınma-sında faydalı olabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Obesity and fatty liver is a widespread growing health problem in human with detrimental consequences that encouraged researchers to find ways to overcome it. In this study, gemfibrozil and L-carnitine were evaluated in prevention of obesity and hepatic lipidosis also the role of L-carnitine in avoiding side effects of gemfibrozil was investigated. The study involved 56 New-Zealand Albino rabbits, divided into 2 main groups and then subdivided into 4 equal groups (n=7). The groups I (normal diet), II (normal diet+gemfibrozil), III (normal diet+L-carnitine) and IV (normal diet+gemfibrozil+L-carnitine) received normal diet and the groups V (fat rich diet), VI (fat rich diet+gemfibrozil), VII (fat rich diet+L-carnitine) and VIII (fat rich diet+gemfibrozil+L-carnitine) received fat rich diet for 8 weeks. Animals were blood sampled and wieght weekly during the experiment and at the end of the experiment for determination of biochemical (HDL, High-density lipoproteins; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, Very low-density lipoprotein; ALT, Alanine amino transferase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, Gamma glutamyltransferase; GLDH, Glutamate lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase) and oxidative stress (MDA, Malondialdehyde; GSH, Reduced gluthation; NO, Nitric oxide; SOD, Superoxide dismutase) parameters. All rabbits were euthanised for histopathological examination and for distrubition of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in tissues by immunohystochemistry. Liver enzymes increased in fat rich diet group throughout the study. Addition of gemfibrozil and L-carnitin in fat rich diet resulted in statistically significant decreasein lipid profile when compared to those only received fat rich diet. Beta oxidation of fat rich diet group was significantly higher than that of groups additionally received gemfibrozil and L-carnitine. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in PPAR PPAR-α and β but not PPAR-γ expression in fat rich diet group. On the contrary L-carnitin administration did have any effect on tissue PPAR expression. PPAR-α expression differed between groups received gemfibrozil and fat rich diet and those did not. Fat rich diet increased MDA level while decreased GSH and catalase. Addition of gemfibrozil and L-carnitine to fat rich diet significantly decreased MDA level and increased antioxidants. The most marked macroscopy finding was abdominal fat increase in fat rich diet group (group V). On the other hand gemfibrozil administration resulted in significant abdominal fat decrease. Furthermore decreased abdominal fat was marked in gemfibrozil and L-carnitine given animals (group VIII) when compared to other groups.In conclusion, gemfibrozil and L-carnitine administration alleviated abdominal and hepatic fattening and improved lipid profile. Gemfibrozil also caused a significant increase in PPAR-α expression in the liver. It may be of use in avoiding abdominal fat (obesity) due to high fat by use of gemfibrozil, a synthetic PPAR-a ligand, and L-carnitine.

Bu çalışma, ErciyesÜniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı'na iştahsızlık,yorgunluk, polidipsi, poliüri ve kilo kaybı şikayetleri ile getirilen 3 aylıkBritish Shorthair dişi kedi yavrusunda nadir görülen bir konjenital unilateral hidronefrozsaptanması nedeniyle yapılmıştır. Fiziksel muayenede, şiddetli dehidrasyona vesubmandibular lenf yumrularındaki büyümeye ek olarak mukozaların solgun olduğugörüldü. Kardiopulmoner oskültasyonda herhangi bir anormallik görülmedi. Vital değerler:solunum sayısı; 30 solunum/dk, nabız; 130 atım/dk ve rektal vücut sıcaklığı;38.3°C olarak kaydedildi. Abdominal palpasyonda, tek taraflı olarak sağböbrekte renomegaliye ek olarak böbreklerin pürüzsüz ve ağrısız olduğu görüldü.Abdominal radyografide belirgin tek taraflı renomegali saptandı ancak radyoopakbir ürolit görülmedi. Renal USG muayenesinde sağ böbrekte tek taraflırenomegali ve hidronefroz tespit edildi. Sağ böbreğin boyutlarında artış (uzunluk:4.34 cm, genişlik: 2.82 cm), pelvis ve kalikslerde genişleme ve korteks medullasınırında bozulma görüldü. Sol böbrek ise (uzunluk: 3.2 cm, genişlik: 1.6 cm)normal boyutlardaydı. Hematolojik muayenede; WBC (24.4 109/L) ve monosit(2.2 109/L) değerlerinde artış görülürken, lenfosit (0,7 109/L),RBC (2.04 1012/L), HGB (3.3 g/dl) ve HCT (%8.1) düzeylerinde azalmabelirlendi. Mukozalardaki solgunlukla uyumlu olarak hematolojik muayenedetespit edilen anemi sebebiyle kan frotisi hazırlandı. Poikilositozis,anizositozis ve polikromazi ile beraber çok sayıda howell-jolly cisimciği veplazma hücresi görüldü. Yapılan biyokimyasal laboratuvar muayenesinde; BUNdüzeyi 109.8 mg/dl ve kreatinin düzeyi 0,6 mg/dl olarak bulundu. İdrar sedimentmuayenesinde çok sayıda yıkımlanmış epitel hücresi dışında herhangi bir bulguyarastlanmadı. İdrar dipstick muayenesinde lökosit düzeyi >500 Leu/uL olarakbulundu. Klinik ve laboratuvar muayeneleri sonucunda hasta sahibinin talebiüzerine kediye ötenazi uygulandı. Makroskobik olarak; sağ ve sol böbrekler sırasıyla3.4 cm x 6.1 cm ve 2.4 cm x 3.2 cm çaplarında idi. Böbrek pelvisinin vekalikslerinin dilatasyonu ile birlikte iki böbrekte de progresif atrofi vekistik genişleme mevcuttu. Korteks düzgünlüğünü kaybetmiş ve inceydi. Pelvisrenalis şiddetli derece dilate idi. Üretra ile böbrek pelivisi arasındaherhangi bir tıkanma söz konusu değildi. Histopatolojik olarak böbrekkesitlerinde glomerüller atrofik, bazal membranları da kalınlaşmış ve şiddetlitubüler dejenerasyon mevcuttu. Her iki üreterde de sklerotik alanlarda kollajendemetleri ve transizyonel hücre hiperplazisi gözlendi. Hidronefroz, yetişkin kedilerde sekonderolarak şekillenmekteyken, yavru kedilerde nadir olarak raporlanmıştır ve bunedenle bu vakanın meslektaşlarımız için faydalı olacağı düşüncesi ileyayınlanmasına karar verilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Hidronefroz,Renomegali, Yavru Kedi, Konjenital, This study was carried out due to thedetection of a rare congenital unilateral hydronephrosis in a 3-month-oldBritish Shorthair female kitten which was brought to Erciyes University,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine with complaintsof loss of appetite, fatigue, polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss. Physicalexamination revealed pale mucous membranes in addition to severe dehydrationand enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes No abnormality was observed oncardiopulmonary auscultation. Vital values: respiratory rate; 30 breaths/min,heart rate; 130 bpm and rectal body temperature; It was recorded as 38.3°C. Onabdominal palpation, in addition to unilateral right kidney renomegaly, thekidneys were smooth and painless. Abdominal radiograph revealed markedunilateral renomegaly, but no radiopaque urolith was observed. Renal USGexamination revealed unilateral renomegaly and hydronephrosis in the rightkidney. There was an increase in the size of the right kidney (length: 4.34 cm,width: 2.82 cm), enlargement of the pelvis and calyces, and deterioration ofthe cortex-medulla border. The left kidney (length: 3.2 cm, width: 1.6 cm) wasof normal size. In the hematological examination; WBC (24.4 109/L)and monocytes (2.2 109/L) values ​​were increased, while lymphocyte(0.7 109/L), RBC (2.04 1012/L), HGB (3.3 g/dl) and HCT(8.1%) levels were decreased. A blood smear was prepared due to anemia detectedin the hematological examination, which was consistent with the pallor of themucous membranes. Numerous Howell-Jolly bodies and plasma cells were seen withpoikilocytosis, anisocytosis and polychromasia. In the biochemical laboratoryexamination; BUN level was 109.8 mg/dl and creatinine level was 0.6 mg/dl.Urine sediment examination did not reveal any finding other than a large numberof destroyed epithelial cells. In the urine dipstick examination, the leukocytelevel was found to be >500 Leu/uL. As a result of clinical and laboratoryexaminations, the cat was euthanized at the request of the owner.Macroscopically; right and left kidneys were 3.4 cm x 6.1 cm and 2.4 cm x 3.2cm in diameters, respectively. There was progressive atrophy and cysticenlargement in both kidneys with dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces.The cortex was uneven and thin. Pelvis renalis was severely dilated. There wasno obstruction between the urethra and the renal pelvis. Histopathologically,kidney sections showed atrophic glomeruli, thickened basement membranes, andsevere tubular degeneration. Collagen bundles and transitional cell hyperplasiawere observed in sclerotic areas in both ureters. While hydronephrosis issecondary in adult cats, it has been rarely reported in kittens, and it wastherefore decided to publish this case in the hope that it would be useful toour colleagues.Keywords: Hydronephrosis, Renomegaly, Kitten, Congenital

© 2022, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved.This study was carried out to find out the etiology and predisposing factors of calves having diarrhea from Kayseri province and its neighboring cities between January 2016 and September 2019. A total of 270 neonatal diarrheic calves were included to this study. Comprehensive information was obtained by face-to-face interviews with the animal owners about administrative practices such as the vaccination status of the dams, farm type, colostrum intake status. The etiological agents were determined using the lateral flow immunochromatographic test kits. As a result of this investigation, out of 270 diarrheic cases; 21.9% (59) Cryptosporidium spp., 15.6% (42) E. coli K99+, 14.1% (38) bovine coronavirus (BCoV), 10.4% (28) bovine rotavirus (BRV), 9.3% (25) Cryptosporidium spp.+BRV, 8.5% (23) BRV+BCoV were found. Interms of shelter type; 85.2% (230) were traditional and 14.8% (40) were modern type. Regarding the colostrum intake situation; 7.4% (20) received no colostrum, 11.1% (30) received insufficient colostrum and 81.5% (220) received colostrum adequately and on time. Additionally, 36.7% (99) calf mothers were vaccinated and 63.3% (171) were unvaccinated. Compared to those born in autumn, calves born in winter; 6.5-fold, in the spring season; 3.6-fold and in summer; 5.2-fold more likely to develop diarrhea caused by E. coli K99+. These findings may generate valuable information not only for the clinicians and researchers but also animal health experts, policy makers, farmer etc.

Erdoğan, Hidayet Metin ( Aksaray, Yazar ), This study was designed to determine carnitine concentrations in newborn calves with suspected septicaemia, healthy calves, and colostrum samples as well as to detect alterations in blood carnitine concentrations after colostrum intake. Carnitine concentrations were detected in both neonatal calves with suspected septicaemia (n = 195) and healthy calves (n =10) as well as in colostrum/milk samples from their dams (n = 20). The mean carnitine concentration on the 2nd day after colostrum intake (32.61 μmol/L) was significantly higher than that measured before colostrum intake (17.61 μmol/L) (P < 0.05). The striking result was significantly lower mean carnitine concentration detected in calves with suspected septicaemia (17.11 μmol/L), compared to healthy calves (24.92 μmol/L) (P < 0.001). Apart from a sudden increase on day 7, no significant alteration was observed in colostrum/milk carnitine concentrations throughout the postpartum period. The results indicated that colostrum contained carnitine, which passed into the bloodstream of the calf by passive colostral transfer, and that a dramatic reduction in blood carnitine concentrations of calves with suspected septicaemia existed. The results might be of help in dealing with septicaemia suspected neonatal calves through both measurement of blood carnitine and, in response, to supplement such cases with carnitine.

Bu çalışma, farklı ırklara ait ishalli buzağılarda ishalin etiyolojisi ve predispoze kılan faktörleri belirlemek için Ocak 2016 ve Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Etiyolojik ajanları belirlemek ve predispoze faktörleri ortaya koymak için bu çalışmada toplam 270 ishali buzağı kullanıldı. Bu buzağılar, Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Kliniği’ne Kayseri ilinin farklı bölgelerinden ve çevre illerden getirildi. İshalin etiyolojik ajanları hızlı tanı kitleri ile araştırıldı (Bionote, Güney Kore). Bu araştırma sonucunda 270 ishalli vakanın; % 10’u (27) Rotavirüs, % 14.1’i (38) Coronavirus, % 8.5’i (23) Rota+Coronavirus, % 15.6’sı (42) Escherichia Coli, % 1.5’i (4) E. coli+Coronavirus, % 0.4’ü (1) E. coli+Rota+Coronavirus, % 2.6’sı (7) E. Coli+Rotavirus, % 18.1’i (49) Cryptosporidia, % 1.1’i (3) Cryptosporidia+Coronavirus, % 9.3’ü (25) Cryptosporidia+Rotavirus olarak bulundu. İlaveten, barınak cinsine göre; % 85,18'i (270'in 230'u) geleneksel, % 14,82'si (40) ise modern işletme tipinde idi. Kolostrum alım durumu bakımından; % 7.4'ü (20) kolostrum hiç almadığı, % 11.2'sinin (30) kolostrumu yetersiz aldığı ve % 81.48'inin ise (200) yeterince ve zamanında kolostrum aldığı tespit edildi. Ek olarak, ishalli buzağıların annelerinin % 36.66'sının (99) aşılanmış olduğu, % 63.34'ünün ise (171) alınan anamneze göre aşılanmadığı belirlendi.Yukarıdaki verilen bulgular ile buzağılarda ishalin etiyolojisinde rol oynayan etkenler ile predispoze faktörler ortaya konmuştur. Bu bulgular sadece klinisyenler ve araştırmacılar için değil aynı zamanda hayvan sağlığı uzmanları, politika yapıcılar, çiftçi vs için de çok önemli bilgilerdir. Ülkemizin farklı yörelerinde ishalin etyolojisi ve predispozisyon yaratan faktörlerle ilgili ayrıca çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Çünkü özellikle etiyolojik faktöler yöresel farklılık arzedebilir. Bu nedenle, her alana spesifik önlemler alınabilir.

Sığır ve Koyun Hastalıkları, Resimli Kendi Kendine Değerlendirme Kitabı'nın bu ikinci baskısı, olguların ilk görüş pratiğinde karşılaşılan bir dizi yaygın ruminant hastalığının problem temelli bir formatta önemli klinik özelliklerini detaylandırmaktadır. Kitap, ilk baskıda yer almayan birçok hastalığa sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, birinci baskıda yer alan yaygın hastalıklar da dahil edilmiştir, ancak olgular genel pratiği taklit edecek şekilde değiştirilmiştir. Bir hastalık her zaman aynı klinik özellikleri göstermez. Tüm vakalar için yeni görseller ve lisans revizyonu için de çoktan seçmeli sorular eklenmiştir. Çünkü bu sınav formatı genel olarak birçok Veteriner Fakülteleri tarafından kabul görmektedir. Bu kitapta klinik vakalar organ sistematiğinde sıralanmamış olup, pratikte yoğun çağrı sırasına göre vakaların rastgele sunumu yapılmıştır. Burada tarif edilen tanı ve ticari tedavi rejimleri, yazar tarafından son 30 yıl boyunca İngiltere'de büyük hayvan pratiğinde kullanılmakta olup, ancak birçok durumda zaman ve finansal kısıtlamalar söz konusu olabileceği gibi özel bir tesis ya da ekipman gerektirmezler. Kitap, klinik rotasyonları sırasında Veteriner Fakültesi öğrencileri ve pratikte ara sırakarmaşık çiftlik hayvan sağlığı sorunlarıyla karşılaşan yeni mezunlar için tasarlanmıştır.Okuyucular tarafından ileride ortaya çıkabilecek, yorumlar, katkılar ve tüm önerilerminnetle karşılanacak ve yazar tarafından onaylanacaktır.

The aim of this paper is to proposed an application multi criteria decision making in intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Multicriteria decision making is a well known concept that aims to select the best solution among several alternatives in decision making. In this paper; success ranking of schools has been researched in multi criteria decision making. Also the most successful school has been determined among these ranked schools. For this paper have been benefitted from similarity measure for intuitionistic fuzzy sets in multi criteria decision making problem. Each option have been compared with both the positive-ideal solution and the negative-ideal solution. This application could be used in situations that are not dependent on a single criterion.

In this paper, we have proposed an application of intuitionisticfuzzy set in high school determination using normalized hamming distancemethod. The purpose of this paper is to ensure that the high schools selectthe best students according to the quotas.Intuitionistic fuzzy set is lucrativemodel in order to detail uncertainty involved in decision making. In this pa-per; enroll of students to the high schools has been intuitionally determinedaccording to students' pilot test score. Normalized hamming distance methodhas been utilized in order to measure the distance between the student andeach high school. The schools, in which each of the students have enrolled,have determined via normalized hamming distance method depending on ex-amination that is performed for transition to high school education. Solutionhas been stated by measuring the smallest distance between the student andeach school.

The aim of this paper is to proposed an application multi criteria decision making in intuitionisticfuzzy sets. Multicriteria decision making is a well known concept that aims to select the best solution amongseveral alternatives by evaluating multiple conflicting criteria, explicitly in decision making. In this paper; successranking of schools has been researched in multi criteria decision making. Also the most successful school has beendetermined among these ranked schools. Success ranking of among the randomly selected schools in a city havebeen researched. This method could be applicable to all schools. For this paper have been benefitted from similaritymeasure for intuitionistic fuzzy sets in multi criteria decision making problem. Each option have been comparedwith both the positive-ideal solution and the negative-ideal solution.