1. Factors associated with PTSD and partial PTSD among first responders following the Paris terror attacks in November 2015
- Author
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Gabrielle Rabet, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Yvon Motreff, Lise Eilin Stene, Pierre Chauvin, Thierry Baubet, Matthieu Petitclerc, Philippe Pirard, C Vuillermoz, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Brigade de sapeurs pompiers de Paris (BSPP), Unité Transversale de Recherche Psychogenèse et Psychopathologie (UTRPP), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies [Oslo, Norway] (NKVTS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe de recherches sur les inégalités sociales (ERIS) / Equipe du Centre Maurice Halbwachs (ERIS-CMH), Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CMH), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Sciences sociales ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Sciences sociales ENS-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paris ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Evening ,Epidemiology ,Health Personnel ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Trauma ,DSM-5 ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,First responder ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Social isolation ,Psychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,First responders ,Post-traumatic stress disorder ,Emergency Responders ,Middle Aged ,16. Peace & justice ,Mental health ,Police ,3. Good health ,030227 psychiatry ,Emergency Medical Technicians ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Firefighters ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,Female ,Terrorism ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Terror attack ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
International audience; During the evening of 13 November 2015, the deadliest terror attacks in France in recent times occurred in the Paris area. Overall, 130 people were killed, 643 were physically injured and several thousands were psychologically impacted. Thousands of first responders, including health professionals, firefighters, affiliated volunteers and police officers were mobilized that night and during the subsequent weeks. The aims of our study were to measure the psychological impact on first responders in terms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and partial PTSD as well as associated factors 12 months after the 13 November 2015 terrorist attacks. First responders who had intervened during the night and/or the aftermath of the terror attacks had the possibility of answering a web-based study 8-12 months after the attacks. They satisfied criterion A of the DSM 5 definition of PTSD. PTSD and partial PTSD were measured using the PCL-5. Gender, age, educational level, exposure, first responder category, mental health and traumatic event history, training and social support were all analysed as potential factors associated with PTSD and partial PTSD, using multinomial logistic regression. Overall, 663 participants were included in this analysis. Prevalence of PTSD in our sample went from 3.4% among firefighters to 9.5% among police officers and prevalence of partial PTSD from 10.4% among health professionals to 23.2% among police officers. Low educational level and social isolation were associated with PTSD and partial PTSD. Intervention on unsecured crime scenes and lack of training were associated with PTSD. Special attention should be given to first responders living in social isolation, those with low educational levels and those who intervene in unsecured crime scenes. Education and training about the potential mental health consequences of mass trauma intervention should be developed.
- Published
- 2020