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20.yüzyıl ortalarına kadar çeşitli süreçler dâhilinde keskin değişimler yaşayan ekonomik coğrafya disiplini son yarım asırda kendisine özgü bir zemin oluşturabilmiştir. Ekonomik coğrafyanın konuları ve bu konuları ele alış biçiminde çeşitli değişimler olmuştur. Yapılagelen klasik tanımların günümüz ekonomik coğrafyasını kapsayıcı bir şekilde açıklamada yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma ekonomik coğrafyanın icra sahası olan mekânın; son çeyrek asırda ortaya çıkan sanal/dijital mekânların gerçek mekânlarını da içine alacak şekilde geniş bir yelpazeye yayılmasını odağına almaktadır. Dijitalleşme, ağlar arası etkileşimler ve bilgi toplumu tabanlı yapısı gibi çok daha karmaşık bir mekân anlayışı üzerinden tarihi bir altyapı ile ekonomik coğrafyayı açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, kapsamlı bir literatür taraması çerçevesinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yorumlayıcı araştırma tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada konunun ana çerçevesini oluşturacak kuramsal bir araştırma sınırı oluşturulmuş, bu kuramsal çerçeve açıklanabilir ve farklı aşamalarda esnetilebilir bir araştırma stratejisine dönüştürülmüştür. Son olarak ele alınan konu okuyucuya gerekçeleri ve açıklanabilirliği ile raporlaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada günümüzün değişen paradigmaları ile örtüşen yeni mekân anlayışının yeni bir ekonomik coğrafya çerçevesi çizdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ekonomik mekânsal örüntüyü oluşturan parçaların sosyal bilimlerin ve bilhassa beşeri coğrafyanın diğer araştırma konuları ile sıkı bir bağlantı içinde olması ekonomik coğrafyanın yeni yaklaşımlarının çok daha geniş bir perspektiften değerlendirme gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır.

Abstract Introduction: Recently, the clinical significance of mild paravalvular aortic regurgitation (PAR) has been evaluated and suggested that it can be predictor of clinical outcomes. In our study, we aimed to investigate the interaction of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and mild PAR and their effects on the functional status of patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: A total of 109 consecutive patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis were enrolled prospectively. After TAVI procedure, they were divided in to three groups according to PAR and PWV measurements. Patients without PAR were defined as the NonePAR group (n=60), patients with mild PAR and normal PWV were defined as the MildPAR-nPWV group (n=23), and patients with mild PAR and high PWV were defined as the MildPAR-hPWV group (n=26). Results: Compared with other groups, the MildPAR-hPWV group was older (P

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether low thiol levels are associated with peri-procedural factors during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) upon admission with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and the prognostic value at 6-month follow-up. Methods: A total of 241 consecutive acute STEMI patients who underwent pPCI and a control group of 67 individuals with a normal coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. Results: While age, contrast-induced nephropathy, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), stent length, and creatinine were related to native thiol, NT-proBNP, contrast-induced nephropathy, and creatinine were related to total thiol. NT-proBNP was also related to the disulphide level. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the levels of native thiol, total thiol, low-density lipoprotein, and serum albumin were found to be independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Initial lower native thiol, total thiol, LVEF, LDL, and serum albumin may be used to identify patients with an increased long-term risk of unfavorable cardiac events in case of STEMI.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3), the Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score, and spontaneous reperfusion (SR) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A total of 148 consecutive patients with acute STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Results: In all, 36 patients with a TIMI 3 flow score (spontaneous reperfusion [SR]) before coronary intervention constituted Group 1, and 112 patients with a TIMI flow score of 0-2 served as Group 2. The SYNTAX score and the in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rate were significantly higher in Group 2 (p

Objective: Ascending aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, their effects on global cardiac functions are yet to be fully understood. Myocardial performance index (MPI) has been widely used to quantitatively assess myocardial functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) functions in patients with AAA using tissue Doppler (TD) echocardiography and MPI in addition to conventional echocardiographic methods. Methods: Fifty patients with AAA (33 men, 17 woman; mean age 55.5+-7.90 years) were included, and 106 patients without aortic dilatation (mean age 54.1+-8.18 years) were included as the control group. LV systolic and diastolic functions were analyzed using 2-dimensional, M-mode, and TD echocardiography. Results: Patients with AAA had significantly higher MPI (0.5+-0.04 vs 0.4+-0.05, p

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between coronary flow reserve (CFR) and left ventricle (LV) geometric patterns in patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM). Study design: We studied 116 patients with newly-diagnosed DM and 31 healthy control subjects. Echocardiographic examination was performed on all subjects. Four different geometric patterns were identified in diabetic patients, according to LV mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) [NG: Normal geometry; CR: Concentric remodeling; EH: Eccentric hypertrophy; CH: Concentric hypertrophy]. CFR was calculated as the hyperemic to resting coronary diastolic peak velocities ratio. Results: Compared with controls, CFR was decreased in diabetic patients (p

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are unusual connections between the arterial and venous system that bypass the normal anatomic capillary beds. This case report presents an arteriovenous fistula of the lower extremity caused by a penetrating injury. The patient was diagnosed by Duplex ultrasonography. Diagnostic catheterization of the affected limb showed a high-flow AVF between the left profunda femoris artery and left femoral vein with a deep femoral vein aneurysm measuring 9x4 cm. The AVF was successfully treated with coil embolization.

In this study, the effects of different organic matter additives [soil (control), 20 ton ha-1 farmyard manure, 20 ton ha-1 biochar, and 10 ton ha-1 farmyard manure+10 ton ha-1 biochar] to the soil of lettuce grown with different irrigation water levels [100% (full irrigation), 75% (25% deficit irrigation), 50% (50% deficit irrigation), and 25% (75% deficit irrigation)] on water and irrigation water productivity efficiencies and plant characteristics were investigated. Among the organic matter additives, the biochar reduced the amount of irrigation water and actual evapotranspiration of lettuce and increased its marketable yield, thus the highest water and irrigation water productivity efficiencies were obtained from biochar treatment. Despite the decreasing marketable yield in the 50% irrigation treatment, the proportionally decreasing amount of irrigation water and actual evapotranspiration caused the highest water and irrigation water productivity efficiencies to occur in the 50% irrigation treatment. While the root diameter, root fresh and dry weights, stem diameter and length, head fresh and dry weights, marketable leaf number and yield, chlorophyll, and leaf relative water content of lettuce decreased with decreasing irrigation water levels, root length and membrane damage increased. The effects of organic matter additives on all of these physical-physiological properties, except root diameter and membrane damage, were found to be significant, and the biochar provided the most effective development of these parameters under the deficit irrigation regime. Considering that the yield and yield characteristics in 75% irrigation treatment do not decrease at a very significant level compared to full irrigation (100%) and that these decreases can be compensated by biochar and that the farmyard manure+biochar as alternative treatment is also effective in improving the decrease in yield parameters, treatment of 10 ton ha-1 farmyard manure+10 ton ha-1 to the soil at 75% irrigation water level was found to be recommended in lettuce cultivation.

Background T‐wave peak to T‐wave end interval (Tp‐e) correlates with dispersion of ventricular repolarization. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of Tp‐e to predict appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks and all‐cause mortality in patients who underwent ICD implantation for primary prophylaxis. Methods Two hundred twenty‐eight patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and an ICD implanted were followed‐up prospectively. Patients divided into two subgroups according to presence of appropriate ICD shocks (Group 1: 112 patients with ICD shocks, Group 2: 116 patients without shocks). End points were appropriate ICD therapy due to ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF), death, and a combined end point of VT/VF or death. Results During a mean follow‐up of 22.3 ± 7.7 months, appropriate ICD shocks were observed in 112 of 228 patients (49.1%). The mean duration of the Tp‐e Group 1 was significantly longer than Group 2 (115.3 ± 22.2 vs 104.7 ± 20.2 ms, P < 0.001). Ischemic etiology and Tp‐e duration were found to be independent predictors of ICD therapy. When the patients were divided into two groups based on Tp‐e interval, there was no significant difference regarding the mortality between groups (21.2% vs 21.8%, P: 0.186). However, appropriate ICD shocks due to VT/VF (37.5% vs 58.8%, P < 0.001) and combined end point (39.4% vs 64.5%, P: 0.002) were significantly higher in patients with longer Tp‐e group. Conclusions Tp‐e interval independently predicts appropriate ICD shocks in patients with systolic dysfunction and ICDs implanted for primary prevention.

We present the case of a 23-year-old man with a chondroid chordoma of the sternum. The patient underwent chest wall resection, followed by stabilization using a sandwich graft of Prolene mesh and methylmethacrylate, covered with bilateral pedicled M. pectoralis flaps. After adjuvant radiotherapy and two years of follow-up, the patient developed a graft-associated infection. We removed the allogeneic material and the encapsulated abscess, and the wound was conditioned through negative wound pressure therapy. This time, wound closure and chest wall stabilization were achieved with a Prolene mesh covered by a free anterolateral thigh flap. This case demonstrates the importance of carefully considering the material for chest wall stabilization and establishing multidisciplinary cooperation.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of applying additional balneotherapy to fibromyalgia patients while receiving conventional physical therapy. Materials and Methods: 107 female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia for the first time were studied in two groups. Group 1 included patients receiving Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and physical therapy modalities, including superficial hot and therapeutic ultrasounds. Patients in Group 2 received balneotherapy in addition to the therapeutic modalities given to the first group. All patients went through a 10-session treatment program. The evaluation was based on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Quality of Life Short Form-36 (SF-36) before and after the treatment. The total amount of paracetamol tablets consumed was also recorded. Results: There were significant recovery in post-treatment pain VAS, FIQ, and PSQI scores in both groups, compared to before treatment, but the improvements were more pronounced after the balneotherapy. The drug consumption was also significantly lower, and patients treated with balneotherapy expressed better general health and social function scores of SF-36. Conclusion: A combination of balneotherapy with conventional physical modalities appears to be an effective treatment option for fibromyalgia as it positively contributes to the patient's pain, functional status, quality of life and sleep, and drug consumption.

Abstract This study aimed to examine the heart rate and blood lactate responses of female volleyball players during the match according to the player positions. A total of 24 senior female volleyball players (middle blocker (n = 6), setter (n = 6), spiker (n = 6), and libero (n = 6)) were monitored for heart rate and blood lactate before, during and after a volleyball match. The mean heart rate and blood lactate level of volleyball players were determined 117.2 ± 13.9 bpm, 2.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L during the match. Heart rate was statistically different between all playing positions except middle blockers vs. spikers (p

Abstract The transformation of power grids into intelligent cyber-physical systems brings numerous benefits, but also significantly increases the surface for cyber-attacks, demanding appropriate countermeasures. However, the development, validation, and testing of data-driven countermeasures against cyber-attacks, such as machine learning-based detection approaches, lack important data from real-world cyber incidents. Unlike attack data from real-world cyber incidents, infrastructure knowledge and standards are accessible through expert and domain knowledge. Our proposed approach uses domain knowledge to define the behavior of a smart grid under non-attack conditions and detect attack patterns and anomalies. Using a graph-based specification formalism, we combine cross-domain knowledge that enables the generation of whitelisting rules not only for statically defined protocol fields but also for communication flows and technical operation boundaries. Finally, we evaluate our specification-based intrusion detection system against various attack scenarios and assess detection quality and performance. In particular, we investigate a data manipulation attack in a future-orientated use case of an IEC 60870-based SCADA system that controls distributed energy resources in the distribution grid. Our approach can detect severe data manipulation attacks with high accuracy in a timely and reliable manner.

As neoliberalism ended class-based politics, which was a strategic priority for capital, the relations with the economic system no longer determined the political preferences. Instead, identities have become one of the main axes of political competition in identity politics. Relatedly, nationalism has come to the fore, especially after the 1990s. One of the factors affecting this was globalization, which puts nation-state sovereignty on the target board to remove all obstacles in front of financial capital. As a reaction, initiatives to strengthen state sovereignty have searched the ground for implementation, reminding the economic nationalism discourse of the 1960s and 1970s. Secondly, while the newly independent nation-states that emerged with the collapse of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia consolidated their authority, the ethnic conflicts they encountered inflamed nationalism. Third, the rise of international migration has "otherized" some groups, especially Muslims, for Western political orders -contrary to the appeal of cultural pluralism- and increased nationalist reflexes. In this context, it has become vital to examine how the concept of nationalism has been approached theoretically. In this review article, the debate on nationalism dwelled on the framework of the developments that led to the emergence of nations and nationalisms. This framework also included the definitions of nation and nationalism.

Th is study was carried out to determine the eff ect of silage type, silage consumption, birth type (single or twin) and birth weight on live weight at the end of fattening in Kıvırcık lambs. In the experiment, 40 male Kıvırcık lambs aged 2.5-3 months were used and the animals were fattened for 56 days. During the fattening period, the lambs fed with 5 diff erent types of silage (100% sunfl ower silage, 75% sunfl ower + 25% corn silage, 50% sunfl ower + 50% corn silage, 25% sunfl ower + 75% corn silage, 100% corn silage) pure and mixed in diff erent proportions and concentrate feed. Data on fattening results were analyzed with MARS and Bagging MARS algorithms. Th e main objective of this research is to predict fattening final live weight (FFLW) of lambs using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Bagging MARS algorithms as a nonparametric regression technique. Live weight value was modeled based on factors such as birth type, birth weight, silage type and silage consumption. Correlation coefficient (r), determination coefficient (R2), Adjust R2, Root-meansquare error (RMSE), standard deviation ratio (SD ratio), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) values of MARS algorithm predicting live weight were as follows: 0.9986, 0.997, 0.977, 0.142, 0.052, 0.2389, 0.086 and -88 respectively. Like statistics for Bagging MARS algorithm were 0.754, 0.556, 0.453, 1.8, 0.666, 3.96, 1.47 and 115 respectively. It was observed that MARS and Bagging MARS algorithms have revealed correct results according to goodness of fit statistics. In this study it has been determined that the MARS algorithm gives better results in live weight modeling.

Abstract Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on serum apelin levels in patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (AS). Methods: Forty-six consecutive patients (76.9±7.4 years, n=27 women) who underwent TAVI and 45 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study. Echocardiographic parameters, serum apelin, pro-brain natriuretic peptide (Pro-BNP), and troponin I levels were compared between the groups. In addition, the preprocedural and first-month follow-up echocardiographic parameters and serum apelin values of TAVI patients were compared. Results: Serum median troponin I and Pro-BNP levels were significantly higher and serum apelin levels were significantly lower in TAVI patients before TAVI procedure than in the control subjects (P

Polimer malzemelerden üretilen ürünlerin tüketim miktarları ve tüketim artış hızları gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu plastik malzemeler, uzun süre doğada çözünemeyeceğinden dolayı çeşitli kirlilikleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Ayrıca hemen hemen tüm polimer esaslı ürünler sınırlı kaynak olan petrolden üretilmektedir. Bu nedenle plastik malzemelerin geri dönüşümü ve geri dönüşümü yapılmış malzemelerin özelliklerinin tespit edilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada birincil geri kazanım yöntemi kullanılarak atık plastiklerden ve orijinal polimer malzemelerden elde edilebilecek ürüne yakın eş değerde ürün elde etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, orijinal polipropilen (PP) ve Akrilonitril Bütadin Stiren (ABS) malzemesinden MA/G serisi enjeksiyon makinesi ile üç kez geri dönüşümü yapılmış (PP) ve ABS malzeme üretimleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretimi yapılan prototip malzemeler üzerinde; Isı Deformasyon testi (HDT), Eriyik akış endeksi (MFI), Izod Darbe Testi, Çekme Testi ve Sertlik (Shore-D) testleri yapılarak termal ve mekanik özelliklerindeki değişmeler deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, geri dönüşümü yapılmış PP ve ABS numunelerin termal özelliklerinde yaklaşık %30 iyileşme, mekanik özelliklerde yaklaşık %50 azalma gözlenmiştir.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute endurance exercise on cardiac and skeletal muscles in smokers and non-smokers. Eight daily smokers (28.44 ± 3.94 years) and nine non-smokers (29.62 ± 3.46 years) were included. The subjects were not trained and performed continuous endurance exercise on a treadmill for 40 minutes at 70% of maximal heart rate. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline [preexercise (PRE)], at immediately after the exercise [post-exercise (POST)], at 2 hours after the exercise (2h), at 24 hours after the exercise (24h) to measure lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), cardiac troponin T (TN-T), and myoglobin levels. A progressive increase was observed in all exercise-induced muscle damage parameters of the smoker and non-smoker from PRE to 2h. CK, myoglobin and T-NT levels of smokers were significantly higher than non-smokers at 24h (p=0.039, p=0.018 p=0.008, respectively). No significant difference was found between the smoking and non-smoking groups at all time points regarding CK-MB and LDH levels (p>0.05). Acute endurance exercise leads to more skeletal and myocardial damage in smokers compared to non-smokers. Smoking may increase the risk of cardiovascular events during both exercise and daily physical activity.

Particularly in the fruit juice industry, the remaining peels and pulp parts are not available for human consumption after the juices are used. It is possible to evaluate these wastes by adding them to poultry feeds. A number of studies have been conducted by researchers on the nutritional value of many fruit wastes and on the performance of poultry. Natural antioxidant content has been reported to have a positive effect on growth, microbial and immunological parameters when high fruit peels are used as feed additive in poultry feeding.

Abstract Objectives Acute mania is a serious medical condition that impacts men and women equally. Longtime presentation of manic symptoms is sex‐dependent; however, little is known about acute symptoms of mania. The objective of this study is to track and compare acute manic symptoms for sex differences during inpatient hospitalization. Methods All patients with bipolar mania admitted to a large university hospital between January and October 2017 were invited to participate in this longitudinal naturalistic follow‐up study. Manic (YMRS), depressive (MADRS), and psychotic (PAS) symptoms were tracked daily from admission to discharge. Results The total YMRS scores decreased significantly overtime (p

Objective: We examined the gender differences and attachment styles with regard to the phenomenology of jealousy among married individuals. Method: The study included 86 married couples who presented to the Marriage Counselling Centre at the Bakırköy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery. Subjects were evaluated in terms of sociodemographic data, the Romantic Jealousy Questionnaire, and the Adult Attachment Style Scale. Results: In our population, 79% of males and 66% of females defined themselves as jealous. Females had higher emotional and cognitive scores than male participants. Females had higher scores on the negative effects of jealousy. Female commitment scores were higher than those of males. Ambivalent attachment was positively correlated with physical, emotional, and behavioural responses to jealousy and inadequacy as a reason for jealousy. Conclusions: We suggest that a multidimensional approach permits to identify and guide responses to the challenge of romantic jealousy.

Introduction: Fragmented QRS complexes (fQRS) are a sign of myocardial scar and are associated with adverse outcomes and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, little is known about the significance of fQRS or of their localization on electrocardiography (ECG) in patients without known CAD. We aimed to investigate the association between localization of fQRS on ECG and CAD severity in patients undergoing a first diagnostic coronary angiography. Methods: We enrolled 135 consecutive patients who had a narrow fQRS on ECG and underwent a first diagnostic coronary angiography. Patients were divided into two groups based on localization of fQRS on ECG (group 1: fQRS in the inferior leads, group 2: fQRS in the anterior leads). The groups were compared regarding the presence of significant CAD, multivessel disease (MVD) and SYNTAX score (SXscore). Results: Eighty-six (63.7%) patients had fQRS in the inferior leads and 49 (36.3%) had fQRS in the anterior leads. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding presence of significant CAD (47.7% vs. 51%, p=0.708). However, the incidence of MVD was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (10.5% vs. 28.6%, p=0.007). The median SXscore (6 [3,12] vs. 8 [4,24], p=0.047), and incidence of patients with SXscore >22 were significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (3.5% vs. 20.4%, p=0.009). Conclusion: The presence of fQRS in the anterior leads may indicate more severe CAD compared to fQRS in the inferior leads in patients undergoing a first diagnostic coronary angiography. Resumo: Introdução: O QRS fragmentado (QRSf) é um sinal de cicatriz miocárdica e está associado a resultados adversos e a mortalidade em doentes com doença coronária (DC). No entanto, não existem dados claros sobre o significado de QRSf e sobre a localização do QRSf no eletrocardiograma (ECG) em doentes com DC conhecida. Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar a associação entre a localização do QRSf no ECG e a gravidade da DC em doentes submetidos a um primeiro diagnóstico por angiografia coronária. Métodos: Foram registados neste estudo 135 doentes consecutivos que apresentaram um QRSf estreito no ECG e foram submetidos a um primeiro diagnóstico por angiografia coronária. Os doentes foram divididos em dois grupos, com base na localização do QRSf no ECG (grupo 1: QRSf nas derivações inferiores; grupo 2: QRSf nas derivações anteriores). Foi feita a comparação entre os dois grupos atendendo à presença de DC significativa, doença multivasos (DMV) e score SYNTAX (score SX). Resultados: Oitenta e seis (63,7%) doentes apresentaram QRSf nas derivações inferiores e 49 (36,3%) doentes nas derivações anteriores. Não se registou diferença estatística significativa entre os dois grupos relativamente à presença de DC significativa (47,7 versus 51%, p=0,708). No entanto, a incidência de doentes com DMV foi significativamente superior no grupo 2, quando comparado com o grupo 1 (10,5 versus 28,6%, p=0,007). O score SX médio (6 [3,12] versus 8 [4,24], p=0,047) e a incidência de doentes com score SX > 22 foram significativamente superiores no grupo 2, quando comparado com o grupo 1 (3,5 versus 20,4%, p=0,009). Conclusão: A presença de QRSf nas derivações anteriores pode estimular mais a DC grave, quando comparado com o QRSf nas derivações inferiores dos doentes submetidos a primeiro diagnóstico por angiografia coronária. Keywords: Fragmented QRS, Coronary artery disease, Coronary angiography, SYNTAX score, Palavras-chave: QRS fragmentado, Doença arterial coronária, Angiografia coronária, Score SYNTAX

In this study, the general analysis of 2012 London Olympics Badminton matches are aimed to be made. In this analysis, the physical characteristics of the Olympic players, the average match and rally durations, the countries which have participated by rally stroke points and the distributions of the medals were studied. The official website of 2012 London Olympics were used as a means of collecting data and during the matches, the results and analysis of a total 189 matches published on this site were recorded and evaluated. The study was carried out by using the data which belong to a total of 170 players (90 women and 80 men) who participated from 52 countries. Descriptive statistical analysis of data (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, percentage distribution) was done by using SPSS 17.0 for Windows. As a result of this research, the mean total match duration in singles and doubles categories were determined as; for males 45.12±13.24 minutes, 39.37±11.46 minutes, for females 37.7±12.46 minutes, 42.27 ±8.94 minutes respectively. The longest rally mean durations of competitions in man and women singles were respectively 38.4±16.22 seconds, 34.6±8.15 seconds; in men doubles, in women doubles and in mix doubles were respectively 38.18±15.13, 48.16±11.8 and 23.19±9.15 seconds. When the highest rally strokes, with average of 53,39±15,7 strokes, took place in the women doubles, it was followed by women singles (41,39±10,6), men singles (38.66±13.26), men doubles (36.74±12.58) and mix doubles (35.43±8.67). When looked at the data obtained in this study, it is observed that the highest mean match durations are in men singles and the longest mean rally durations and the highest mean rally strokes are in women doubles categories. As a conclusion, according to the 2012 London Olympics analysis, badminton coaches must revise technical, tactical, conditional elements of badminton and they have to prepare special schedules for category properties.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. It is generally accepted that insulin resistance is a pathophysiological factor in the development of NAFLD. In the present study, the aim was to determine the relationship between resistin and ghrelin levels, which were found to be closely related to insulin resistance and fibrosis scores in NAFLD. Materials and Methods : A total of 40 (21 male, 19 female) NAFLD patients whose diagnosis was confirmed with biopsy and 40 (18 male, 22 female) healthy controls were included in the study. Results: In the comparison of resistin and ghrelin levels, only resistin values were found to be significantly higher in NAFLD group while there was no significant difference in ghrelin values (respectively P < 0.05; P = 0.078). In according to the fibrosis groups there was no difference about fasting plasma glucose, insulin values, Homeostatic Measurement Assessment-Insulin Resistance measurements and also resistin and ghrelin levels. Conclusion: It has been understood that insulin resistance plays an important part in NAFLD. Larger studies are required that investigate the gene expression of hormones influencing insulin resistance, particularly resistin and ghrelin in order to determine their role in NAFLD.

Several authors have suggested that not only appraisal of significance of external events and signals from the body, but also appraisal of the personal significance of thoughts are important, and emphasized the conceptual limitations of the schema approach in cognitive model and developed the integrative information processing model of emotional disorders. According to this approach, the assessment of the meaning of thought, rather than thought itself is more important in the development and maintenance of the psychopathology. In the metacognitive model of obsessive compulsive disorder, three types of metacognitive beliefs are emphasized. These are; thought-action fusion (thought-action, thought-event, thought-object), metacognitive beliefs on performing the rituals and metacognitive beliefs on the warning to stop to terminate the rituals. According to the model, targeting directly to change in metacognitive beliefs will increase success in therapy. In this article, the concept of metacognition in emotional disorders, the metacognitive model of obsessive compulsive disorder and the advances that the model introduced in conceptualization and treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder have been discussed.

Bu araştırmanın amacı; web tabanlı eğitim ortamlarındaki güç mesafesini öğrenci görüşleri doğrultusunda incelemektir. Araştırma, nitel desende oluşturulmuştur. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden araştırmanın doğasına uygun olan ‘olgubilim (phenomenology) deseni’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada yapı bakımından ‘yarı yapılandırılmış açık uçlu mülâkat’ formu; amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi türlerinden ‘kategorisel analiz’ ve ‘frekans analizi’ kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Bilgi Üniversitesi e-MBA yüksek lisans programında eğitim görmekte olan 7 öğrenci ile mülâkatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, web tabanlı eğitimdeki güç mesafesinin düşük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Öğrencilerin tamamı öğretim elemanlarına rahatlıkla ulaşabildiklerini ve iletişim problemi yaşamadıklarını aktarmışlardır.

PRINCIPLES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cardiac comorbidity on the perioperative morbidity and mortality after lobar lung resection for lung cancer in patients aged 70 years and older. METHODS: The medical records of all 68 patients ≥70 years, who underwent lobar lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2003 to 2011 at our department, were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 76.3 years had cardiac comorbidities (Group A) including previous cardiac operations in 4 patients, previous myocardial infarction in 5 patients, previous coronary stent insertion in 3 patients, medically treated coronary artery disease in 10 patients and medically treated valvular heart disease in 2 patients whereas 46 patients (mean age = 74.5 years) had no previous cardiac history (Group B). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in postoperative morbidity (13.6% in Group A vs. 17.4% in Group B) between both groups. No in-hospital mortality was observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: In our experience lobar lung resections for NSCLC in elderly patients with cardiac comorbidity seem to be a safe therapy option for this increasing subpopulation. Though, our retrospective data with the small number of study objects require further confirmation in larger prospective trials.

Fasting and postprandial gallbladder volumes were investigated using ultrasonography in three groups (10 subjects in each) of healthy women: third trimester pregnant women, postpartum women up to 10 days after giving birth and nonpregnant controls. The scans were performed at 09:00 after a 12 h fast. After the basal measurement was taken, gallbladder volumes were rescanned in 15 min intervals for 60 mins. At the end of this period, all volunteers received a standard liquid test meal, and scans were performed again for 1 h. The mean basal gallbladder volume was 22.2±4.2 mL in the nonpregnant (control) group. In the third trimester group, the basal volume was 37.8±10.5 mL – 70.5% higher than in the nonpregnant group (P

Abstract Introduction Epistaxis and hypertension are frequent conditions in the adult population. Masked hypertension is defined as a clinical condition in which a patient's office blood pressure level is

Abstract Background: Only a small proportion of patients referred for coronary angiography with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) have the diagnosis of obstructive CAD confirmed by the exam. For this reason, further strategies for risk stratification are necessary. Objective: To investigate the relationship of the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on admission electrocardiogram with angiographically detected CAD and CAD severity in patients without known vascular diseases and myocardial fibrosis, undergoing first diagnostic coronary angiography. Methods: We enrolled 336 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of fQRS on admission. We compared the groups regarding the presence and severity of CAD. Results: Seventy-nine (23.5%) patients had fQRS on admission. There was not a statistically significant difference between patients with fQRS (41.8%) and non-fQRS (30.4%), regarding the presence of CAD (p = 0.059). However, there was a statistically significant difference between patients with fQRS and non-fQRS regarding the presence of stenotic CAD (40.5% vs. 10.5%, p22 compared to patients with SYNTAX score ≤22. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that fQRS may be an indicator of early-stage myocardial damage preceding the appearance of fibrosis and scar, and may be used for risk stratification in patients undergoing first diagnostic coronary angiography