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Objective: The aim of this study is using the autologous reverse inlay jugular vein graft as a substitute for defective urethral plate and the incorporation of the graft to the urethral plate. Cripple hypospadias are the patients who have a history of previous multiple unsuccessful hypospadias surgery and still having anatomical and functional complications. Insufficient local or support tissue for the repair of defective urethral plate is always a problem. Material and Methods: In the study fourteen male 8-10 months old which is weighting four kg, New Zealand type rabbit are divided into two equal groups. Juguler vein graft (1st group) and buccal mucosal graft (2nd group) harvested and transferred to defective area in the urethral plate as a free flap. Results: In the histopatologic examination, epithelization, fibrosis and inflammation degrees were evaluated between the groups and in-groups. In the histopatological examination of the 1st group, uroepithelization is complete or nearly complete, fibrotic activity is (+) and the inflammation was found minimal. In the second group after 21st day, the uroepithelization on the graft is nearly thirty percent, fibrotic activity is (++) and the inflammation is also found minimal. Conclusion: From the results of the study, in the treatment of defective urethra in cripple hypospadias cases, reverse free juguler vein graft can be used as an alternative for buccal mucosa graft as a substitution material which has been used for a long time.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) was first described as low-grade lymphoma associated with the stomach mucosa. Although the stomach and ocular adnexa are the most common localizations of MALT lymphoma, it has also been described in many other organs, including the head and neck, lungs, thyroid, breast, bladder, saliva glands, conjunctiva, and tear glands. MALT lymphoma originating from the dura is rare. The case is here presented of an 83-year-old female operated on with an initial diagnosis of acute subdural hematoma. In the histopathological examination, there was seen to be lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the dura and a lymphomeningothelial lesion. Immunohistochemically, low-grade MALT lymphoma showing B-cell phenotype was considered. This is the first reported case of lymphomeningothelial lesion in MALT lymphoma originating from the dura.

Introduction: Oral neoplasms are the second most common oral lesions after reactive proliferative lesions. The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the oral neoplasms by gender and age, and briefly discussed the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments of these lesions. Materials and Methods: To collect the study material, a pathological retrospective archive analysis has been performed and 61 oral neoplasm cases were determined in a total of 423 samples. 61 biopsies and clinical data of patients were studied and classified based on their histopathologic diagnosis, age, gender, and frequency. Results: In our study, a total of 61 neoplastic lesions were examined, and the mean age was 45.5 ±18.2. The most common lesion in the oral neoplastic lesion is leukoplakia (n=15, 24.59%). This is followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n =13, 21.31%) and squamous papilloma (n =11, 18.03%). The rest are gingival granular cell tumor, hemangioma, odontoma, lipoma, mucosal nevus, myxoma, ameloblastoma, leukemia, melanoma, lymphoma, and osteosarcoma. Conclusion: This study provided important data on the frequency and histological distribution of oral benign and malign neoplasms. This study also highlights the diagnosis, and management of these oral neoplasms for the dentists.

Background:Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. Histologically it is characterized by presenting epithelial as well as mesenchymal elements and may contain various metaplastic changes. Case presentation: In this article, a case of PA with extensive mucinous metaplasia and histologically very similar to mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is presented. Discussion and Conclusions:Pleomorphic adenoma with extensive mucinous and squamous differentiation can potentially be misdiagnosed as MEC. Immunohistochemistry was not effective in the differential diagnosis and the diagnosis was confirmed by the absence of MAML2 translocation.

Objektive: The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and demographic features of ameloblastoma cases of a pathology center with a detailed examination of the histopathological properties of the subtypes and variants. Material and Methods: The clinical and radiological data and histologic slides of ameloblastoma cases diagnosed and treated between 2005 and 2017 were retrieved from the archives. Histopathological features of previously diagnosed cases were re-evaluated and re-classification of all cases was performed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of odontogenic tumors. The significance of the relationship between radiological appearance (multiocularity/unilocularity) and final histological diagnosis (solid/unicystic) was evaluated with statistical analysis. Results: There were a total of a hundred and forty cases of ameloblastoma. A hundred and twenty (85.7%) cases were diagnosed as solid type. Sixteen (11.4%) cases were diagnosed as unilocular ameloblastoma. Three cases showed admixed histopathological characteristics. There was a significant relationship between radiological appearance and histological diagnosis (p=0.005). All recurrent luminal unicystic ameloblastomas were re-diagnosed as mural subtype in the histopathological examination. Conclusion: The presence of rare variants should be diagnosed correctly with a thorough histopathological examination to contribute to the prognosis. The radiographic appearance of the tumor is correlated with the histological subtype. In the examination of recurrent unicystic cases, the surgical specimen should be entirely inspected to indicate mural ameloblastic invasions., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir patoloji merkezindeki ameloblastoma olgularının alt tiplerinin ve varyantlarının histopatolojik özelliklerini detaylı şekilde inceleyip klinik ve demografik özelliklerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2005-2017 yılları arasında tanı koyulan ve tedavi edilen ameloblastoma olgularının klinik ve radyolojik verileri ve histolojik kesitleri arşivlerden temin edildi. Önceden tanı alan olguların histopatolojik özellikleri yeniden değerlendirildi ve tüm olguların Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) odontojenik tümör sınıflamasına göre yeniden sınıflandırılması yapıldı. Radyolojik görünüm (multiloküler / uniloküler) ile nihai histolojik tanı (solid / unikistik) arasındaki ilişkinin istatistiksel analiz ile değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 140 ameloblastoma olgusu dahil edildi. Yüz yirmi (%85,7) olgu solid tip olarak teşhis edildi. On altı (%11,4) olguya uniloküler ameloblastom tanısı kondu. Üç vakada rutin sınıflama içerisine girmeyen çeşitli histopatolojik özellikler gösterildi. Radyolojik görünüm ile histolojik tanı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p= 0.005). Tüm rekürrent lüminal unikistik ameloblastomlara histopatolojik incelemede mural alt tipi olarak tekrar tanı koyuldu. Sonuç: Ameloblastoma olgularında nadir varyantların varlığı prognoza katkıda bulunması için ayrıntılı bir histopatolojik inceleme ile doğru şekilde teşhis edilmelidir. Tümörün radyografik görünümü ile histolojik alt tipi arasında ilişki bulunmaktadır. Tekrarlayan unikistik olguların muayenesinde, cerrahi örnek, mural ameloblastik invazyonu göstermek için bir bütün olarak incelenmelidir.

Cemento-osseous dysplasias (COD) are peculiar jawbone lesions. They arise in the tooth-bearing areas, mostly in the mandibles of women, and have no known occurrence in the other bones. Neural crest-derived periodontal fibroblasts may form disorganized cemento-osseous structures that have been observed to be radiologically sclerotic. We performed a retrospective immunohistochemical study on the tissues of 16 patients diagnosed with COD using biopsy. Some patients displayed a history of bruxism and jaw clenching. The selection of beta-catenin, cyclin D1, nestin, estrogen receptor, tubulin, and integrin antibodies was based on factors that may be pathogenetically significant. COD develops as a consequence of the jawbone-specific cemento-osseous reparative process that far from remodelization. Parafunctional mechanical effects are assumed to form these lesions.

Ossifying fibro myxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm and may present diagnostic difficulty. Only a few cases of oral cavity are described. A 49 –year-old male presented with a mass in the vestibular region of the mandible middle line, complaining of pain for the last three months. The mass contains spindle and polygonal mesenchymal cells on the myxoid ground in histochemical examinations. The tumor had a partial fibrous capsule surrounded by a non-metaplastic bone trabeculae. Histopathological examination was typical for OFMT. Although most cases of OFMT follow a benign course, recurrence and metastasis have been reported. Therefore, this type of tumor should be followed carefully.

Amaç: Oral kavitedeki lezyonlar geniş bir yelpazede çeşitlilik göstermekte olup; yumuşak dokunun reaktif proliferatif lezyonları sık görülen oral lezyonlardandır. Bu lezyonların sıklığı çeşitli popülasyonlarda farklılık gösterir. Bu çalışmada, oral lezyonların cinsiyet ve yaş ortalamalarına göre dağılımını belirlemek ve bu lezyonların klinik belirtileri, tanı ve tedavi süreçleri hakkında fikir vermek amaçlanmaktadır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma materyalini oluşturmak amacıyla 2010-2015 yıllarını kapsayan patolojik retrospektif arşiv incelemesi yapılmış ve lezyonlara ait 268 biyopsi materyali ve kaydedilmiş olan klinik verileri incelenmiştir. Değerlendirmeye alınan örnekler histopatolojik tanı, yaş, cinsiyet ve sıklıklarına göre sınıflandırılmıştır.Bulgular: 268 dişeti biyopsisinin 117'si (% 43,66) inflamatuar fibröz hiperplazi, 58'i (% 21,64) iritasyon fibromu, 29'u (% 10,82) periferal ossifiye fibrom, 26'sı (% 9,70) periferal dev hücreli granülom, 17'si (% 6,34) piyojenik granülom, 12'si (% 4,48) lignöz periodontitis, 7'si (% 2,61) gingival fibromatozis ve 2'si (% 0,75) juvenil hyalin fibromatozis idi. Lezyonlar kadınlarda (n=167, %62.31) erkeklere (n=101, %37.69) göre daha yaygındı. Reaktif lezyonların en sık görüldüğü yer 206 (% 76.90) olgu ile yapışık dişetiydi. Sonuç: Saptanan lezyonların dağılımı, ağız lezyonlarının periodontal dokuları sıklıkla tutabileceğini göstermektedir. Periodontologlar, bu lezyonların erken teşhis ve tedavisinden asıl sorumlu olduklarını unutmamalıdırlar. Ciddi lezyonların teşhisinin gecikmesini önleyerek, uygun tedavi için rehberlik sağlayabilirler.Anahtar kelimeler: Reaktif hiperplastik lezyonlar, Lignöz periodontitis, Periferal ossifiye fibrom, Periferal dev hücreli granülom.REACTIVE HYPERPLASTIC LESIONS AFFECTING PERIODONTAL TISSUE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON 268 CASESABSTRACTAim: Lesions in the oral cavity are seen in a broad spectrum of diversity. Reactive proliferative lesions of soft tissue are comman oral lesions. The frequency of these lesions differs across various populations. This study aims to determine the distribution of the oral lesions by gender and age averages, and also to give an idea about the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment process of these lesions.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a clinical and pathological retrospective archive review has been performed covering between years 2010-2015. 268 biopsies and clinical datas of patients were studied and classified on the basis of their histopathologic diagnosis, age, gender and frequency.Results: Of 268 gingival biopsies, 117 (43.66%) cases were inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, 58 (21.64%) were irritation fibroma, 29 (10.82%) were peripheral ossifying fibroma, 26 (9.70%) were peripheral giant cell granuloma, 17 (6.34%) were pyogenic granuloma, 12 (4.48%) were ligneous periodontitis, 7 (2.61%) were gingival fibromatosis, and 2 (0.75%) were juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. The lesions were more common in females (n=167, %62.31) than in males (n=101, %37.69). Gingiva with 206 (% 76.90) cases was the most frequent place of reactive lesions. Conclusion: The spectrum of determined lesions indicates that various diseases of oral pathology could hold periodontal tissues. Periodontists should not forget that they are the main responsible for the early diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. Preventing the delay of the diagnosis of serious lesions, guidance can be provided for the appropriate treatment.Key words: Reactive hyperplastic lesions, Ligneous periodontitis, Peripheral ossifying fibroma, Peripheral giant cell granuloma.

During oral pathology daily practice, true amyloid may be identified in oral amyloidosis and several odontogenic tumors. However, histologic examination often reveals other oral and perioral diseases with similar eosinophilic, acellular, amorphous substances. These include extensive areas of collagenous sclerosis, fibrin deposition, elastic fiber degeneration, and dentinoid material, which may resemble amyloid under light microscopic examination. These materials are often termed "amyloid-like" due to their close histologic resemblance to true amyloid. The rarity of most of these conditions and their strong histologic similarity may hamper an accurate diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis of these lesions may require clinical correlation; laboratory evaluation; histochemical or immunohistochemical reactions; and, in some cases, genetic investigation. In this review, we describe the main clinicopathologic features of this group of diseases that may manifest in the oral and/or perioral regions and that have in common the presence of amyloid-like material deposition.

Highlights • In desmoid-type soft tissue fibromatosis we could see the beta-catenin in the nuclei of neoplastic cells as a diagnostic feature. • Beta-catenin in the nuclei of neoplastic cells could not be detected in the present DF series. • Most of the DF cases expressed only cytoplasmic beta-catenin immunostainings. • Immunohistochemical staining difference of jaw bone desmoplastic fibromas from other soft tissue and bone lesions may be related to the origination of jaw bone from the neural crest., Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is an intraosseous counterpart of desmoid-type soft tissue fibromatosis. It is most frequently seen in the jawbones. The clinical and radiological features of the present cases were nonspecific. The accumulation of beta-catenin in the nuclei of neoplastic cells which is a diagnostic feature of desmoid-type soft tissue fibromatosis could not be detectED in the present DF series. The aim of this study is to report a series of 22 cases of DF involving either mandible or maxilla. A retrospective evaluation of desmoplastic fibroma and beta-catenin, smooth muscle actin, nestin, cyclin D1 immunostaining’s patterns. Most of the DF cases expressed only cytoplasmic beta-catenin immunostainings. We suggest that nuclear beta-catenin staining may not be used as a corroborating the diagnosis of DF. Immunohistochemical staining difference of jaw bone desmoplastic fibromas from other soft tissue and bone lesions may be related to the origination of jaw bone from The neural crest. Strong nestin and cyclin D1 positivity in our series supported this. A combined clinical, radiological, and histopathological analysis of the DF cases is essential in the diagnosis and management.

Most of the odontogenic keratocysts show an indolent behaviour like non-neoplastic lesions. For this reason, the odontogenic keratocyst was reclassified within the odontogenic cysts category in the WHO 2017 classification. Some odontogenic keratocysts may contain satellite cysts or solid squamoid islands within their wall. Recently, a solid form of odontogenic keratocyst has also been described which is composed entirely of multiple epithelial islands and small cysts in a collagenous stroma. The true nature of this variant is unclear yet. In this article, we present a series of 204 odontogenic keratocyst cases. Clinical and histologic findings of the cases in this series were described. These were also categorised according to the presence of satellite lesions. Additionally, the features of two cases of the solid form of odontogenic keratocysts were compared with those of the previous reports and other histologically similar odontogenic lesions. Current evidence suggests that this variant may be neoplastic and it differs from other odontogenic keratocysts, at least histologically. We believe diagnosing a solid lesion as a cyst is counterintuitive and the term "keratocystic odontogenic tumour" better describes this particular variant. (C) 2018 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

Ağız mukozasını örten çok katlı yassı epitel irritasyonlara açıktır ve anormal reaktif proliferasyonlar gösterebilir. Bu değişiklikler anormal bir klinik kitle yaratabilir ve histolojik olarak neoplastik lezyonları taklit edebilir. Bu reaksiyonlar psödoepitelyomatöz hiperplazi veya psödokarsinomatöz değişiklik olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Epitelin rejeneratif amaçla gösterdiği bu tür anormal proliferasyonlar oral patolojide deneyimsiz hekimlerin yanlışlıkla ağız kanseri tanısı koymalarına neden olabilir. Diğer yandan histolojik benzerliklerden dolayı oral kanserler de reaktif lezyon olarak yanlış tanı alabilirler ve bu da hastaların doğru tedavi almalarında gecikmelere neden olacaktır. Bu makalede ağız ve çevre dokularında psödoepitelyomatöz hiperplaziye yol açabilen nedenlere ve ilişkili olduğu spesifik hastalıklara değinilecektir. Aynı zamanda bu lezyonun morfolojik özellikleri ile histolojik benzerlik gösterebilen oral kanserlerle ayırıcı tanısı işlenecektir. Klinik özelliklerin iyi bilinmesi ve histolojik bulguların dikkatli değerlendirilmesi ileride gelişebilecek istenmeyen sorunları önleyecektir. Bu yazıda verilen bilgiler daha çok patologların kullanımına yönelik olmakla birlikte, klinisyenlerin de tanı sürecindeki sorunları ve güçlükleri bilmeleri doğru tanıyı koymada yol gösterici olacaktır., Squamous epithelium covering the oral mucosa is open to a variety of irritations and may show aberrant reactive proliferations. These changes may create an abnormal clinical mass and histologically mimic neoplastic lesions. These reactions are called pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia or pseudocarcinomatous change. Exaggerated abnormal reactive changes may cause misdiagnosis of oral cancer in the mouth by inexperienced persons in oral pathology. On the other hand, due to histological similarities, also oral cancers may underdiagnosed wrongly as reactive lesions and lead to delays in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this article, the causes of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and related specific diseases will be discussed. Additionally, the differential diagnosis of oral cancers from reactive lesions will be covered. The well knowing of the clinical features and a careful histological evaluation will prevent undesirable problems in the future. The information of the article is more useful for the pathologists; however, it will be helpful for the clinicians to know the problems and difficulties in the accurate diagnostic process.

Introduction: Graphite tattoos may easily be confused with amalgam tattoos and have been reported on infrequently in relevant literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report in which the incineration method was used for the histopathologic diagnosis of a graphite tattoo on the gingiva.Case Presentation: A 24-year-old female patient was referred to the periodontology department of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, for evaluation of an asymptomatic pigmented lesion on the maxillary anterior gingiva. A gray-blackish, irregularly shaped macule was observed on the maxillary anterior attached gingiva between the left central and lateral incisors. Radiographs showed no radiopaque foreign particles or pathologic changes in alveolar bone and related teeth. The pigmented area was removed using an excisional incision. The incineration method was used as a differential diagnosis for the histopathologic examination. There was no additional recurrence of the problem by the end of a 1-y...

Thymomas with immunodeficiency (formerly Good's syndrome) are a rare acquired disease of combined T- and B-cell immunodeficiency accompanying a thymoma. Recurrent opportunistic infections associated with disorders of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity frequently accompany this rare primary, adult-onset immunodeficiency. This is a report of a case of a thymoma with immunodeficiency in a 65-year-old male patient who developed recurrent oral herpetic infections. He consulted us about recurrent vesiculo-ulcerative lesions on his tongue, lower lip, and buccal mucosa. Results of laboratory examinations indicated hypogammaglobulinemia accompanied by diminished B cells in the peripheral blood, which is consistent with the characteristic features of a thymoma with immunodeficiency. After a diagnosis confirming herpes simplex virus infection, systemic antiviral therapy was administered, which was effective for his vesiculo-ulcerative lesions at follow-up. When an intractable infection accompanied by a thymoma is encountered, increased awareness about the clinical and immunological profiles of this primary immunodeficiency may help in its early diagnosis, thereby preventing mortality.

In this study, the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extracts of Fumaria vaillantii Lois. was investigated against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. F. vaillantii (500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in the plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and tissue malondialdehyde levels, and a significant increase in the reduced glutathione and catalase levels, compared with the CCl4 group. These findings were approved by histopathological observations. Additionally, a significant decrease was found in liver Cu levels (18.5%) of the extract-treated group (500 mg/kg), while an increase in liver Zn (16.2%) levels was observed compared with the CCl4 group. These changes in liver Zn and Cu levels caused by F. vaillantii extract may contribute to its positive effects on liver toxicity. Phenolic acids and flavonoids in the extract were examined and the extract was standardized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection on the basis of rutin, chlorogenic and caffeic acids as markers. Practical Applications Fumaria species have been used both as food and traditional medicine. In some Mediterranean countries, the leaves of the plant are cooked or eaten as salad. In Turkey, they are also being drunk as herbal tea, eaten as salad and roasted. The results suggested that F. vaillantii ethanol extract standardized by rutin, chlorogenic and caffeic acids had a significant protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, F. vaillantii can be consumed safely and because of its beneficial effect on liver toxicity, its standardized ethanol extract can be used in the preparation of herbal medicines or food supplements in pharmaceutical and food industry.

Oral Kaposi's sarcoma of a HIV seronegative patient is extremely rare. Here, we present a young patient with a primary lesion in the palatal mucosa as the sole manifestation of Kaposi's sarcoma. A 27-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a slowly growing dark-purple palatal mass. The diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma was made, with a histological subtype of multinodular variant. The disease was restricted and no further treatment was performed. This case indicates that oral Kaposi's sarcoma should be added to differential diagnosis of nodular with multinodular histological appearance in HIV seronegative patients.

Introduction: Renal amyloidosis may lead to renal disease, and then nephrotic syndrome may develop. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report in which a patient presents with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and nephrotic syndrome in conjunction with renal amyloidosis.Case Presentation: An 18-year-old male presented to the periodontology department for generalized gingival recessions. He was diagnosed as having primary renal amyloidosis by his physician. The patient presented with severe gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Biochemical tests were within normal limits except for serum albumin level. No amyloid deposition was found in a gingival biopsy, and the patient was diagnosed as having GAgP. Non-surgical periodontal treatment, in combination with antibiotic treatment, was performed. After 3 years, his systemic and periodontal conditions showed deterioration.Conclusions: The effects of systemic factors related to nephrotic syndrome in conjunction with ren...

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) can be used to promote healing vital pulpotomies as an antibacterial agent. The aim of the present study was to histologically analyze the pulpal response of human primary teeth pulp following calcium hydroxide (CH) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomies with and without 5 % NaOCl. One hundred twenty-eight primary molars were randomly divided into two main groups according to pulpotomy material (CH/MTA) and into two subgroups according to selected cleansing agent (NaOCl/physiologic saline) used in the pulpotomy procedure. Thirty-four successfully treated teeth whose successor roots had completed formation of at least two thirds of their lengths were extracted for histological evaluation. Fisher’s exact test, Pearson's Chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. No significant differences in any of the tested parameters were observed between the NaOCl and physiologic saline subgroups of either the CH or MTA groups. Pulpal inflammation was significantly higher in the CH-treated teeth as compared with the MTA-treated teeth, whereas hard tissue bridge formation was significantly higher in the MTA-treated teeth as compared with the CH-treated teeth but regardless of cleansing agent (p

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence involving the head and neck. It occurs most often in the head and neck region, genitourinary tract, retroperitoneum and the extremities. The current treatment of a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy has dramatically improved the long term survival rates over the last 20 years. However, some of the side effects of post-radiation include delayed eruption of teeth, retarded tooth and bone development, dwarfed teeth, partial anadontia, osteoradionecrosis, xerostomia, mucositis, candidiasis, trismus, loss of taste, soft tissue necrosis, and scar tissue formation. RMS is a comparatively rare lesion for the maxillofacial surgeons. Although documented to be the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children under 15 years of age, there is, however, a paucity of reports on the pattern of the late effects of multimodal treatment results about intra-oral involvement. This case report focused on the dental treatment and facial abnormalities in a long-term survivor of pediatric head and neck RMS patient and review of the literature.

Background/aims: The normal oral mucosa is usually tolerant to its special microenvironment. Epithelial integrity and a well- managed immune system are important in sustaining harmony. A close look at the role played by adaptive immunity during recur- rent aphthous ulcerations may throw some light into the pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: In this report, we provide a con- cise review of oral epithelial barrier function and present data on the possible pathogenetic mechanism of aphthous ulceration using immunohistocemical signs of nuclear factor kappa beta pathway activation on fourteen cases of mucosal aphthous ulcerations. Re- sults: We strongly support the hypothesis that oral aphthous ulcerations develop as a result of loss of epithelial barrier function and that nuclear factor kappa beta signaling pathway seems to be involved in this type of injury. Conclusion: Interventions that streng- then the mucosal barrier function or modulate inappropriate activation of nuclear factor kappa beta signaling pathway can be con- sidered in the treatment of oral aphthous ulcerations.

Schwannomas are benign, slow growing, encapsulated tumours that originate from the Schwann cells. Intraoral schwannomas are rare, and most of these tumours involve the tongue. They are rarely located in the hard palate or in the facial soft tissue. Herein, we present the clinical and histological features as well as the prognoses of two male patients with schwannoma, one of which was localized to the hard palate and the other to the facial soft tissue around the mandibular mentum and caused swelling.

According to the World Health Organization, it is proposed that benign fibro-osseous lesions be divided into 3 categories, including fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma (OF), and osseous dysplasia. OF arises from the periodontal ligament, which contains multipotential cells. These benign tumors may become large and aggressive. Slow growth and lack of symptoms are the cardinal features. OF tends to occur in the second and third decades of life, with predilection for women and for the mandibular premolar-molar area. The method of treatment used for large or rapidly expanding lesions is surgical removal (enucleation). Rarely, OFs occur multifocally. We report a 20-year-old man with synchronous OFs of his maxilla and mandible and review other synchronous cases reported. Such lesions can be properly diagnosed and treated by correlating radiographic, clinical, surgical, and histopathologic findings.

The aim of this current report is to present an unusual case of a maxillary ameloblastoma mimicking an oroantral fistula.A left subtotal maxillectomy via Weber-Ferguson-type incision was performed. The patient tolerated the procedure well, the postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 3 days after surgery with a mild paraesthesia of the right infraorbital nerve distribution. The infraorbital nerve paraesthesia has resolved 5 months after resection. The patient has been followed-up for 3 years without recurrence.Ameloblastoma is a well-known pathology of the maxillofacial region. However, unusual manifestations of this tumor can represent a serious challenge for diagnosis.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen deficiency on newly formed bone obtained by osteogenic periosteal distraction histomorphometrically. Study Design Thirty-six female rabbits were divided into 2 groups. The experimental group underwent a bilateral ovariectomy and a sham operation was applied to the control group to equalize the stress of ovariectomy surgery. Four weeks postoperatively, a gradual distraction of the mandibular corpus was performed. Results In the experimental group, callus formation was delayed and the new bone was less mineralized; conversely, when histomorphometric measurements were compared statistically, there were no significant differences between the ovariectomized and sham-operated subgroups in the mean extent of newly formed bone tissue. Conclusions Although osteoporosis caused by the lack of estrogen has negative effects on osteogenic periosteal distraction (OPD), these negative effects do not appear to present a contraindication to OPD.

There are multiple theories as to the causes of coronoid process hyperplasia of the mandible, including trauma, temporalis muscle hyperactivity, hormonal stimulus, and genetic inheritance. The excess growth of the coronoid process can cause impingement on the zygomatic processes and may result in mandibular hypomobility. A case of an excessive unilateral coronoid hyperplasia with suspected traumatic etiology, which was successfully treated by coronoidectomy and postoperative physiotherapy, is presented. The patient was a 21-year-old man whose maximum mouth opening was 23 mm. The attachments of the temporalis muscle were stripped and the coronoid process was accessed using the Al-Kayat and Bramley approach. The coronoid process was then resected via an intraoral pathway. One week after surgery, physiotherapy was started and the maximum mouth opening had increased to 38 mm. In the case presented, a coronoidectomy with postoperative physiotherapy for treatment of coronoid process hyperplasia produced satisfactory results in the correction of coronoid-malar interference.

R osai-Dorfman disease (RDD), or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, is a rare and benign, frequently self-limited histiocytic disorder of unknown etiology. The most common clinical findings are broad painless lymphadenopathy accompanied by fever, weight loss, tonsillitis, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and sometimes hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings in patients with RDD include an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, leukocytosis and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. RDD classically presents with painless massive cervical lymphadenopathy, which is caused by accumulation of lymphocytes and histiocytes distending the lymph node sinuses. However, the disease may occur at extranodal sites. In most instances, the extranodal sites include the eyes, head and neck, skin, or bone. Mandibular cortical grafts are the gold standard in the restoration of intraoral osseous defects. These grafts do not produce immune reactions and are incorporated by osteoclastic resorption with a short healing period when compared with other methods of osseous repair. Intraoral donor sites include the mandibular ramus, angle of the mandible, mandibular symphysis, and mandibular exostoses. The mandibular ramus provides primarily a dense cortical graft. Other advantages of a mandibular ramus transplant are minimal resorption, maintenance of osseous density, intraoral access, and proximity to the recipient site. Cortical grafts, including the ramus, are reliable donor sites for the reconstruction of the alveolar ridge deformities before dental implant placement. The highest concentrations of promoter proteins (eg, bone morphogenetic proteins) are found in the mandibular cortical grafts. This report presents a case of an isolated RDD involving the mandible as well as its surgical management, preprosthetic reconstruction, and restoration with dental implants.

Objective: Many treatment methods are available for the reconstruction of bone de - fects of the mandible with a number of advantages and disadvantages. Current studies in mandible reconstructions are focused on stem cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of mes - enchymal stem cell (MSC) procedure on new bone formation in directed bone enhancement. Ma- terial and Methods: The study was carried out with 7 New Zealand rabbits. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the tibial bone of a rabbit not included in the study, were transferred after in vitro proliferation to the calvariums of rabbits included in the experiment using a collagen carrier. Tita - nium capsules were used in order to prevent dispersion of MSCs in the tissue and to isolate them from tissues other than bones. The study was planned to include four test groups and each rab - bit was implanted four titanium capsules. While Groups A and B underwent decortication, MSC were transplanted to Groups A and C. Neither decortication nor MSC was used in Group D. The amount of new bone formation was evaluated with six score grades and histopathologically. Re- sults: A statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of bo ne formation and the amount of new bone formation was significantly higher in Group A compared to Group D. Conclusion: MSCs successfully induce new bone formation and directed tissue regeneration cages that are produced according to the defect enable deriving new bone tissue with the required vol - ume and shape.

Metastatic tumors rarely occur in the oral cavity. The most common of the oral metastases are lung cancers in males, and breast and genital cancers in females. The most common primary tumor metastasis to the oral cavity is from the lung, kidney, liver, prostate, and colorectal cancers. The metastatic lesions are similar to oral lesions such as pyogenic granuloma, giant cell lesions, gingival polyps, hemangioma, peripheral fibroma, and adenoid squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, the diagnosis of primary tumors is challenging. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case to feature metastasis of a renal collecting duct adenocarcinoma to the oral cavity after tooth extraction.

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease where different organs and systems may be affected. Oral involvement generally consists of mucosal ulceration associated with lesions of the underlying bone. Many reports exist about the misdiagnosis of this disease. Various symptoms may lead the clinician to an incorrect diagnosis, especially with multiple organ involvement. Oral manifestations are common, and dentists should be aware of this disease and evaluate intraoral findings accordingly. This study presents an LCH case characterized by oral mucosal ulcerations with no involvement of the underlying bone. A definitive diagnosis was made by open biopsy from the oral mucosa.

Cherubism is a familial disease of the jaws which is inherited via autosomal dominant manner. Typical features of cherubism include a painless bilateral, symmetrical enlargement of the jaws, misalignment of teeth, and intra-osseous central giant cell granuloma-like lesions, which are usually evident in early childhood. Treatment of cherubism consists of local curettage of the lesions, jaw contouring, intralesional steroid injections, and systemic calcitonin administration as well. Calcitonin therapy for central giant cell granuloma of the jaws is well documented, and favorable results have been achieved. However, fewer reports have been presented in regard to calcitonin administration for cherubism. In the present report, a 14-year-old boy with cherubism who had intra-osseous cherubic lesions in his mandible was treated with an administration of 200 IU systemic calcitonin every other day via his nasal passage for duration of more than two years. After 30 months of calcitonin therapy, the lesions in the mandible were significantly regressed, and calcitonin application was ceased. Despite some drawbacks, such as unpredictable efficient absorption and patient tolerability, nasal administration is the easiest way to use calcitonin therapy on children. In this report, every-other-day applications of calcitonin increased patient tolerability and might be considered as an effective treatment for mild cherubic lesions. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:486-491)

The aim of this experimental study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the effects of vitamin C administration on bone formation in response to expansion of the rat inter-premaxillary suture. A total of 30 50- to 60-day old Wistar male rats were divided into three groups of equal number. The inter-premaxillary suture in each animal was expanded with a 0.49 N force applied to the upper incisors. At 24 h after appliance placement, control animals received saline solution (group I) and two groups were given a single dose of vitamin C using two different methods [locally into the suture (group II) and systemically via intramuscular injection (group III)]. The area of new bone (µm2), the perimeter around the new bone (µm), Feret’s diameter (µm), and the percentage of new bone to non-ossified tissue (%) were measured and compared. Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey tests were used for statistical evaluation at the p

11th International Congress on Cleft Lip and Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies -- SEP 10-13, 2009 -- Fortaleza, BRAZIL WOS: 000290732100098 PubMed: 21586973 Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogenic group of lymphoproliferative diseases with their different behavior pattern and response to treatments. As a Hodgkin disease, NHL occurs from lymphoid tissues and can spread to other organs. Prognosis depends on histologic type, grade, and treatment. In the World Health Organization classification, aggressive B-cell lymphomas are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, and precursor lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. They may present either nodal or extranodal disease, which may be either localized or disseminated. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of lymphoma in adults and is clinically, morphologically, and genetically a heterogeneous group of malignant proliferations of mature B cells, too. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of NHL and accounts for about 30% of the cases. In this clinical report, we evaluated clinically and histopathologically a 64-year-old male patient who had mild pain and edema in his mandibular premolar region, and the excisional biopsy showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Objective: To assess the performance of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in preoperative diagnosis of parakeratotic odontogenic keratocyst. Study Design: Twenty-three cases of odontogenic keratocyst which were evaluated with FNAC prior to enucleation were included in the study. Aspiration smears were stained with Papanicolaou and hematoxylin-eosin stain. Results obtained from FNAC were compared with histopathologic data obtained from the excisional biopsies. Results: Keratotic cell clusters with or without inflammation were identified in all the cytologic smears. No dysplastic changes were seen. The evaluation of the excisional biopsies revealed cystic epithelium which is characterized by palisaded basal cells, a corrugated surface with a lumen containing keratin debris. Two of the cases which revealed satellite cysts were not associated with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome due to the absence of other findings. Conclusion: Parakeratotic odontogenic keratocyst can be substantially diagnosed preoperatively utilizing FNAC with a careful evaluation.

Objective The aim of this study was to histopathologically evaluate the effects of pamidronate and zoledronate on the mandible in an animal model. Study design Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into 6 groups (10 per group): control-1 (C1), injected with saline solution for 6 weeks; zoledronate-1 (ZA1), injected with zoledronate for 6 weeks; pamidronate-1 (PA1), injected with pamidronate for 6 weeks; control-2 (C2), injected with saline solution for 8 weeks; zoledronate-2 (ZA2), injected with zoledronate for 8 weeks; and pamidronate-2 (PA2), injected with pamidronate for 8 weeks. No dental procedures were performed on the animals. Rats were killed 2 days after the end of drug therapy, and the posterior and anterior mandible and femur of each rat were evaluated histopathologically. Results Histological examination revealed inflammation limited to the posterior mandible of the ZA2 and PA2 groups; the anterior mandible and femur were not affected. Soft tissue necrosis was evident in one rat in the ZA2 group. Conclusion Specific, bisphosphonate-asociated inflammatory bony and soft tissue changes were observed in the mandible, suggesting that these drugs may set the stage for altered healing associated with the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.