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This study focuses on the relation of four different financial development indicators and export performance, sampled from nine member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, with economic growth for the period of 1995–2020. Its long-run relationship with PVAR analysis has been presented through VECM. The FMOLS and DOLS methods are used for the long-term coefficient estimates. According to the findings, there is a cointegration relationship between economic growth and export, and broad money, domestic credit to the private sector by banks, and monetary sector credit to private sector variables. The findings indicate that both financial development and export have a positive impact on economic growth. On the other hand, the findings have not presented sufficient evidence about the influence of the gross capital formation variable on economic growth while the monetary sector credit to private sector variable has been found to negatively affect economic growth. When the results of FMOLS and DOLS models are assessed together, it is concluded that export and financial development affects economic growth positively in the long term, but the first one's effect is less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large scaled activities such as international organizations, most especially Olympic Games had become a part of promotion and marketing strategies of developed countries in the 20th century, and nowadays in the 21st century have turned into a phenomenon which developing countries show great interest to and compete for. At this point as a very important sociological fact, these kinds of organizations have remarkable social effects on both host countries and the other countries as well. In other respects, there emerge great economic advantages especially for host countries. It is expected that Turkey, which sit for Olympic game several times before will have substantial socioeconomic gains from hosting an Olympic game if it is possible. In this context, based upon the example of 2012 London Olympic Games, about which detailed information has been obtained in this study, the case of Turkey is discussed and evaluated and it is tried to put forward some proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While The variations in the real exchange rates of a country impacts that country's foreign trade, any variations in the import and expoit. as fundamental components of foreign trade, also influence the exchange rate. Because import goods will get relatively more expensive and expoit goods will get relatively cheap when the real exchange rate rises, it is expected to have a positive reflection on foreign trade balance. Otherwise the country would experience a foreign trade deficit. Foreign trade deficit is a problem that developing countries frequently face. The exchange rate policy followed becomes prominent in the elimination of such problem. The relationship between the real exchange rate and foreign trade balance has been made the subject for various studies by economists, hi this study, the relationship between Turkey's real exchange rate and its foreign trade balance was investigated. For the determination of the magnitude of the relationship. ARDL testing was conducted in the light of monthly data belonging to the period of 2000:1-2015:12. According to the analysis results, it was observed that there is cointegration relationship between real exchange rate and foreign trade balance. For the presence of cointegration points out to at least one causality relationship. Toda-Yamamoto causality testing was conducted and a unilateral causality was defined from real exchange rate towards foreign trade balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arab Spring refers to the stream of events which started in Tunisia, 2010, and then it spread to Egypt, Syria, Libya, Yemen and Bahrain and also impacted most countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA). There were various social-cultural, political and economic effects which caused the Arab Spring. However, Arab Spring also affected the relations between the countries with regards to the areas of social-cultural, international politics and economics. In this research, especially the effects of Arab Spring on the foreign trade of Turkey from 2005 to 2015 have been discussed. An analysis of the exports and the imports have been included in this research, it has been observed that the export trend initially depicted an upward trend before the Arab Spring. However, after the outburst of the Arab Spring the trend was adversely affected but later the trend again improved. Generally, the import share showed a similar trend to the export share but the change in the import share was not as dramatic as the export share. The main reason behind the sharp increase in exports was that, Arab Spring adversely impacted the economic status of the countries and the political relations between Turkey and these countries transformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The today's world which is characterized by many dimensions of globalization, the political relationship between countries, especially in the countries' foreign economic goals; it is impossible to think that they are independent from each other. For this reason, the foreign trade is considered as the impulsion of economic development. Hence, it is very important that countries should have a sound relationship with other states particularly the neighbors. In this sense, as every political tension and stiff relation between countries will decrease the volume of foreign trade; the improved relations will increase the foreign trade volume too. From this point of view, this study analysis the Turkey- Syrian axis of relations. With the basic outline and the failure to draw clear lines, if an attempt is made to periodization, it can be concluded that Turkey-Syria relations are nervous except 2000-2010 period. By assessing the foreign trade reflections of these two countries, while bearing in mind the above mentioned points; it can be said the volume of foreign trade was healthy and sound during that period of friendly relations. Nevertheless, still the potential true foreign trade between the two countries seems to be quite below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]