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Introduction: Submandibular glands are exposed to many effects due to diseases and therapeutic interventions. A study evaluating the effect of submandibular gland dysfunction on the parotid gland has not been presented in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in the parotid gland following submandibular gland failure. Methods: Three groups of seven randomly selected female New Zealand rabbits weighing 2500–3000 g were studied. Unilateral and bilateral submandibular glands were removed in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. No procedure was performed in Group III, the control group. The parotid glands were removed 30 days later. Histological parameters were evaluated and graded between 0 (none) and 3 (severe). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Mean mucus accumulation in acinar cells was 2.57 ± 0.53 and 1.71 ± 0.75 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p 0.05). This value was 0.28 ± 0.48 in Group 3, which was significantly lower than in Groups 1 and 2 (p 0,05). Esse valor foi de 0,28 ± 0,48 no Grupo 3, significativamente menor do que nos Grupos 1 e 2 (p

Objective:Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa that commonly affects the general population. The objective of this study was to conduct a research in assesing the relationship between psychological disorders including anxiety, depression and salivary cortisol levels in patients with RAS.Methods:Thirty-nine patients suffering from minor RAS were enrolled in the study after obtaining an informed consent. The control group consisted of 25 age and gender matched healthy individuals. All subjects were evaluated by using both psychological tests (Hamilton’s anxiety rating scale [HARS] and Hamilton’s depression rating scale [HDRS]) and physiological testing instrument (salivary cortisol level).Results:While no statistical difference was found between the patients with RAS and controls for both salivary cortisol levels and anxiety, there was statisticaly significant difference between the groups for depression.Conclusion:There was no significant increase in salivary cortisol levels in patients with active disease when compared to the healthy subjects. But we found that depression scale values were significantly higher in patients with RAS.

Patients who require laryngectomy usually do not want to completely or partially lose their larynx. Laryngeal transplantation (LT) is a composite tissue transplantation from a cadaver to an alive recipient and requires lifelong immunosuppression in postoperative term. The aims of LT are breathing without tracheostoma, normal swallowing, and voice production. To date, only two successful complete LT have been performed in human despite many researches. The requirement of post-transplant immunosuppressive treatment has ethical concern for the larynx, which is a non-vital organ. However, LT may be an option for improving the quality of life of patients undergoing laryngectomy. In this study, we discussed the LT procedure and researches with the literature.

Objectives: The conchal pathologies are the most important part of the rhinological originated headaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between headache and pneumatization of superior concha.Methods: 150 patients (113 female, 37 male) with headahce were included to the study. The patients were examined for ear nose throat pathologies and consultated by neurology and ophthalmology. Their both paranasal sinus and brain computerized tomographies (CT) were evaluated. Ninety-six patients who have nasal septal deviation, sinusitis findings, pathologies of procesus uncinatus (sloping to lateral or medial), bulla ethmodalis (prominent to anterior, pneumatized) and middle concha (paradox middle concha, concha bullosa) and hypertrophy of inferior concha, according to paranasal sinus CT and nasal endoscopic examination; 7 patients who have vascular type headache and migraine; 14 patients who have ophthalmic refraction fault, totally 117 patients were excluded to the study.Results: The study was completed with 33 patients (28 female, 5 male). The mean age of the 33 patients was 31.00±11.00 (ranged from 17 to 50). Headache were localized on frontal region in 28 patients (84.8%, 25 bilateral and 3 unilateral), on occipital region in 3 patients (9.1%) and on vertex in 2 patients (6.1%). The pneumatization of superior concha were observed bilaterally in 8 patients (24.2%) and unilaterally in 3 patients (9.1%).Conclusion: The pneumatization of superior concha should be considered in patients who have headache but no pathologic examination findings. Nasal endoscopic examination and paranasal sinus CT evaluation are required in these patients for mentioned pathology.

Objectives:To determine the complications of otitis media, and to evaluate its diagnosis and treatments.Materials and Methods:In our clinic, between 1993-2002, the charts of 22680 patients diagnosed and treated because of otitis media were reviewed retrospectively and the charts of 51 patients treated due to complications of otitis media were assessed. 22 of 51 patients were female and 29 patients were male whose ages ranged from 5 to 56 years. Data were collected on patient's age and gender, initial symptoms, otoscopic findings, operation findings and treatments. The complications were grouped as intracranial and extracranial.Results:37 patients (%72.5) of 51 patients with complications of otitis media had extracranial complications and 13 patients (%25.4) had intracranial complications and one (%1.9) patient had both intracranial and extracranial complications together. While the most common (%80.3) initial symptom was otorrhea, the most observed otoscopic findings were cholesteatoma and granulation tissue/polyp. Similarly, cholesteatoma and granulation tissue/polyp were the most observed in middle ear cavity and/or mastoid cavity during the operations. We performed radical mastoidectomy and intravenous antibiotic therapy as treatment for complications of otitis media in all patients.Conclusion:Despite current methods of diagnosis and treatment, the careful follow up of patients with otitis media is still important. Their follow up should be done regularly, and they should be well informed about their disease and for probable complications.

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare slow growing benign tumor of the bone. Solitary or multiple bone involvement may ocur in the course of the disease. The maxilla and mandible are the most commonly involved bones in the head and neck. In contrast, involvement of the paranasal sinuses and nasal turbinates are rarely seen. We report a case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia involving middle turbinate which resulting in nasal obstruction and headache.

Hearing loss is a known outcome following head trauma. The conductive as well as sensorineural hearing loss have been demonstrated both in cases of head injury. The labyrinthine concussion is postulated to be the underlying mechanism, and it is a common finding in head traumas. There is no specific treatment for labyrinthine concussion. The diagnosis mainly relies on audiometric tests. We reported a case of labyrinthine concussion in the opposite ear of a patient who had head trauma. At 2-month of follow-up, we observed that the contralateral hearing loss of our case persisted.

Middle ear surgery is usually performed using a surgical microscope. Initially, in otorhinolaryngology practice, endoscopes were used for paranasal sinus surgeries. It was only later that they were applied in the area of otology. In otologic surgeries, endoscopes were first used to visualize the middle ear, before being used to assist with visualization of instruments during cholesteatoma surgeries, although they are still not used alone in various otologic surgeries. As in other surgical fields, there is also a trend towards minimally invasive intervention in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Smaller incisions performed under the guidance of endoscopes are preferred over conventional large incisions. Using this approach, improved outcomes can be achieved and postoperative morbidities can be reduced. In addition, the outcomes of grafts performed using the endoscopic approach are similar to that achieved by the microscopic approach. Therefore, endoscopic ear surgery implementations are becoming increasingly popular.

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rarely seen disease with unknown etiology. Extranodal involvement is most commonly seen in the head and neck region. Histopathologically, it is characterized by histiocytic cell proliferation. This paper presents a case of a 15-year-old male patient who presented with nasal obstruction and was surgically treated for a mass filling in the left nasal meatus that was diagnosed to be Rosai-Dorfman disease by histopathological examination.