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It is known that the risk of developing a second primary respiratory or digestive tract tumor is high in treated small cell lung cancers. This study aimed to present a patient with metachronous small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Thirteen years before, the 78-year-old male patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to limited-stage small cell cancer in the right lung. In the 6th year of the follow-up, he underwent right upper lobectomy due to lung epidermoid carcinoma, stage 2B. Over the 7 years following lobectomy, he had been followed without any problems. In small cell lung cancer patients with a survival of more than 2 years, the risk of developing a second primary non-small cell lung cancer is 7-16 times higher compared to those who smoke but do not have cancer. Patients should be followed closely so that a possible metachronous tumor can be detected in the early stages.© 2012 Association of Oncology.

Conformational analysis of the tricyclic Schiff base chelate complex N,N'-pentamethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)manganese(II) is performed by means of the molecular mechanic (MM+), semi-empirical PM3 and density functional (B3LYP/LanL2DZ) methods, respectively. Eight starting structures of the complex are minimized. The structures of the three lowest minimum energy conformations of cyclooctane, boat-chair (bc), chair-chair (cc) and boat-boat (bb), are used as initial approximations to the geometry of the eight-membered chelate ring. The absolute-MEC (Mn-bc4) and the most unstable one (Mn-bb) originate from the boat-chair-shaped form of the eight-membred cycle, differing in the position of the metal atom. After the conformational analysis of the tricyclic Schiff base chelate complex, nonlinear optical properties and optical band gap (E HOMO-LUMO) were calculated with B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory for all conformations. The frontier molecular orbital calculations clearly show the inverse relationship of optical band gap (E HOMO-LUMO) with the total static hyperpolarizability.

Patients with early stage glottic laryngeal cancer treated with curative radiotherapy were aimed to evaluate retrospectively for their treatment results and prognostic factors. In between 1993-2010, early stage (T1-2N0) 73 glottic laryngeal cancer cases which were treated with radiotherapy in our department that histopathological diagnosis of cancer was confirmed by biopsy and without any treatment prior to RT, were retrospectively analyzed. Patient, tumor and treatment parameters of all cases were updated and their effects on the local-regional control and survival were investigated. The median age of patients was 60 (37-83) and 69 patients were male and 4 were female. The distributions of patients according to stages were as follows: 41 (56.2% ) T1a, 8 (10.9% ) T1b and 24 (32.9% ) T2. Median of 66 Gy (58.5-72) of external beam radiotherapy was delivered to patients. In a patient (1.4% ), grade 3-4 early and late laryngeal edema depending on radiotherapy was developed. In other patients except from this patient, early and late grade 3-4 toxicity was not observed. During a median 73 months (5-209) follow-up, local recurrence was detected in 10 (13.7% ) cases and no distant metastasis was observed. Five year local-regional control, disease-specific and overall survival rates were 85% , 92% and 78% , respectively. From the investigated factors, while 5 or more days treatment interruption was found to decrease significantly local-regional control and disease-specific survival (p=0.008, p=0.036, respectively), less than 5 months duration of hoarseness was found to decrease significantly only local-regional control (p=0.036). In conclusion, radiotherapy as primary treatment modality in the early stage laryngeal cancer is an effective form of treatment with high rates of local control. Radiotherapy interruption due to various reasons is a prognostic factor which adversely effects loco-regional control and disease-specific survival. Therefore, interruptions during the radiotherapy should be avoided as much as possible. © 2012 OMU.

Objective: This study analyzes the clinical and laboratory findings of children with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) followed in various referral centers of Turkey. Materials and Methods: A simple three-page questionnaire prepared by the Turkish Histiocyte Study Group was used for documentation of patient data. Results: Age at diagnosis varied from 0.6 to 78 months (median±SD, 16.5±26.1). Sex distribution was almost equal (F/M=10/12). The frequencies of parental consanguinity and sibling death in the family history were 100% and 81.1%, respectively. The most common clinical findings were hepatomegaly (100%) and fever (95%). The most common laboratory findings were anemia (100%), hyperferritinemia (100%) and thrombocytopenia (90.9%). Triglyceride and total bilirubin levels in the deceased versus surviving group appear to be high (triglyceride: 394±183 mg/dl, 289±7 mg/dl; total bilirubin: 2.7±6.9 mg/dl, 0.5±1.2 mg/ dl, respectively). Conclusion: We concluded that fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperferritinemia are the most common clinical and laboratory findings in primary HLH. Increased triglyceride and total bilirubin level at the time of diagnosis might be an indicator of poor prognosis in HLH.

The Role of Palliative Radiotherapy in Brain MetastasesIn this study, patients with brain metastases who were applied palliative cranial radiotherapy have been analysed for objective and clinic response; correlation between these and factors which effect objective response. Between January 1993-February 1994, 33 patients with brain metastases were treated with palliative cranial radiotherapy and 7 patients were out of this study because of the death before evaluation of response. Dose schedules applied to whole brain were 3 GyxlO for fifteen patients, and 2 Gyx20 for 11 patients. Clinic response has been evaluated one month after completion of radiotherapy. Complete, partial and stationary response rates were 58% (15 patients), 23% (6 patients) and 15% (4 patients) respectively. Objective response has been evaluated with computerized tomography at the same time with clinic response. Complete, partial and stationary response rates were 42% (11 patients), 39% (10 patients) and 15% (4 patients) respectively and also in one patient, progression has been established (4%). Though, in 14 patients there was an exact conelation between objective and clinic response, in 7 patients clinic response was better than objective response, and 5 patients had Üre opposite. When the correlations between primary tumor location, histopathologic diagnosis, diameter of lesion, dose per fraction, boost and objective response were analyzed, only primer tumor location and histopathologic diagnosis was found significant statistically. Patients with squamous cell lung cancer had higher objective response rates than othersBu çalışmada, palyatif kraniyal radyoterapi uygulanan beyin metastazlı hastalarda, ob¬jektif ve klinik yanıt ile. bunlar arasındaki korelasyon ve objektif yanıtı etkileyen faktörler araştırılmıştır. Ocak 1993 ve Şubat 1994 tarihleri arasında bölümümüzde 33 beyin me¬tastazlı hastaya palyatif kraniyal radyoterapi uygulanmış, 7 hasta yanıtlan değerlendirecek kadar yaşamadığından çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Onbeş hasta, tüm beyin 10 fraksiyonda toplam 30 Gy ile tedavi edilirken. 11 hastaya 20 fraksiyonda toplam 40 Gy verilmiştir. Klinik yanıt, radyoterapinin tamamlanmasından 1 ay sonra değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre; 26 hastanın 15 (%58)'inde tam. 6 (%23)'sında parsiyel yanıt, 4 (%15)'ünde stabil hastalık ve 1 hastada (%4) ise progresyon gözlenmiştir. Objektif yanıt, radyoterapinin tamamlan¬masından 4 hafta sonra alınan kraniyal bilgisayarlı tomografi kesitlerinden belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, hastaların 11 (%42)'inde tam, 10 (%39)ünda parsiyel yanıt, 4 (%15)'ünde sta¬bil hastalık ve 1 (%4) hastada ise progresif hastalık saptanmıştır. Ondört hastada klinik ve objektif yanıt arasında tam bir uyum gözlenirken, 7 hastada klinik yanıtın objektif yanıttan, 5 hastada ise objektif yanıtın klinik yanıttan daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır. Ob¬jektif yanıt oranının, sadece primer tümör lokalizasyonu ve histopatolojik tanıdan an¬lamlı olarak etkilendiği saptanmıştır. Primeri akciğerde bulunan ve histopatolojik tanısı epidermoid karsinom olan olgularda objektif yanıt oranı diğerlerine göre daha yüksektir

Csplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) has been reported to enhance the cell killing ef¬fect of radiation, an effect whose intensity varies with the schedule of administration. We randomly assigned 53 patients with nonmetastatic inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer to one of two treatments; radiotherapy for 6-7 weeks (2 Gy given 32 times, in five fractions a week) or radiotherapy in the same schedule, combined with 20 mg/m2 cisplatin, given on days 1-5 of the second and sixth treatment weeks. An overall response rate of 48% was observed in radiotherapy alone group and 64% in the combined treatment groups. Median time to progression was 8 months for radiotherapy alone group and 10 months for the other group. One-year survival rates were 45% and 60%, respectively. Toxicity was accep¬table and no treatment related death occured in either treatment schedule. In this study no significant advantage of the combined treatment over radiotherapy alone was found.Bu çalışmada sisplatinin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) radyoduyarlığı artırıcı etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla hastalar iki randomize gruba ayrılmış; birinci gruba stan¬dart fraksiyone radyoterapi (günde 2 Gy'den 6-7 haftada 64 Gy), ikinci gruba ise radyote¬rapiye ek olarak tedavinin 2. ve 6. haftalan tedaviden bir saat önce 5 gün süre ile 20 mg/ m2 sisplatin verilmiştir. Tek başına radyoterapi grubunda %48 yanıt elde edilirken, bu oran kombine tedavi grubunda %64'tür (p>0.05). iki grup arasında yineleme yerleri bakımından bir farklılık saptanamamıştır. Medyan progresyon süresi tek başına radyote¬rapi grubunda 8 ay, kombine tedavi grubunda ise 10 aydır. Bir yıllık yaşam oranı tek başına radyoterapi uygulanan grupta %45 iken, bu oran kombine tedavi grubunda %60 olarak bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Kombine tedavi grubunda tedaviye tolerans oldukça iyi olup: tedaviye bağlı ölüm olayına rastlanmamıştır. Kombine tedavi grubunda elde edilen yanıt ve yaşam oranlannın daha yüksek bulunmasına karşın iki grup arasında istatistik¬sel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir.

The Importance of CEA and CA15-3 in the follow-up of Breast CancerTo determine the value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carcinoid antigen (CA15-3) in the follow-up of breast cancer and response to treatment, these tumor markers were evaluated separately in 132 patients with breast cancer. Sensitivity of CEA was found %45, specifity %89, positive predictive value %73 and negative predictive value %70. For CA15-3 these values were %64, %49, %46 and %65 respectively. However if two-fold and more increase of the top level of normal range was taken into account, the sensitivity of both tumor markers decreased while the other values increased. No correal ion was found between the adjuvant chemotherapy and the elevation of tumor markers in disease-free cases. Elevated CEA levels in visceral metastasis and systemic disease were obtained. However the relation could not be determined with CA15-3 except locoregional recurrences. When the elevation of both tumor markers were taken into account, this relation was in favour of bone metastasis. There was a correlation between the response to the treatment of metastatic disease and the alterations in the levels of tumor markers. As a result, be¬cause the sensitivity of these two markers are low, to make treatment decision only ba¬sing on the elevation in the level of tumor markers, without supporting with other fin¬dings and methods is not possible. Key words: Breast cancer, CEA. CA15-3.Karsinoembriyonik anijen (CEA) ve karsinoid antijenin (CA 15-3) meme kanserinin takibin¬deki değerini ve tedaviye cevabını belirlemek amacı ile meme kanseri tanısı alan 132 has¬tada, bu tümör belirleyicileri ayrı ayrı değerlendirildi. CEA'in sensitivitesi %45, spesifıtesi %89, pozitif yol göstericilik %73 ve negatif yol göstericilik %70 olarak bulundu. CA15-3 için bu değerler sırası ile; %64, %49, %46, ve %65 idi. Ancak normal üst sınırından iki kat ve daha fazla yükselmeler gözönüne alındığında, heriki tümör belirleyicisinin sentivitesi azalırken, diğer değerler yükseldi. Hastalıksız olan olgularda, adjuvan kemoterapi ile tümör belirleyicilerinin yükselmesi arasında ilişki bulunamadı. Viseral metastaz ve siste-mik hastalıkta yüksek CEA düzeyi elde edildi. Ancak metastaz bölgesi ile yüksek tümör belirleyicisi arasındaki ilişki, yerel-bölgesel yineleme hariç, tek başına CA15-3 ile elde edi¬lemedi. Heriki tümör belirleyicisinin birlikte yükselmesi gözönüne alındığında ise bu ilişki kemik metastazı lehine idi. Metastatik hastalığın tedavisinde elde edilen cevap ile tümör belirleyicileri düzeyindeki değişmeler korelasyon gösterdi. Sonuç olarak, her iki tümör be¬lirleyicisinin sensivitesi düşük olduğundan, diğer bulgu ve yöntemler ile desteklenmediği sürece, yalnız tümör belirleyicisi düzeyindeki artışa dayanarak tedavi kararı vermek mümkün değildir.

Locally advanced bladder cancer can be cured by cystectomy, radiotherapy or by the combination of both. The standart treatment is radical cystectomy. However, generally witliin the first two years, distant metastasis occurs in the 40-65% of the patients having surgery performance. Regarding to this situation different clinical research are being carried out for the patients with tumors recurring cystectomy in order to use later. The major problem of radiotherapy is the low local control rate. Although 50% of the patients don't respond completly, 72% of them, who give a complete respond to the treatment, reach high rate of living period. Only with accelerated hyperfractionecl external radiotiherapy schedule 80% complete respond is achieved. Adding brachytherapy to external radiotherapy 75-80% local control rate and 50-76% rate of 5 years survey are reported. Bladder conservation can be made basing on tumor response of induction therapies made with transurethral resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy the patients failing to respond. Early cystectomy can be performed to the patients failing to respond. It is found that when 66-80% complete respond is obtained with the combined therapy, 5 years life rate is 45-52% since there is no difference within üıe 5-10 years survival rate obtained by conservative approach, cystectomy can be put off as long as it is necessary. In this article it is aimed to report the resamblance between the life and local control rate of the patients responding conservative treatment and the surgical group, besides the clinical trials related to the protection against physical and psychological trauma caused by cystectomy performed as soon as it is diagnosed.Lokal İleri mesane kanseri radyoterapi, sistektomi veya her ikisinin kombinasyonuyla tedavi edilebilir. Standart tedavi radikal sistektomidir. Ancak cerrahi uygulanan hastaların %40-65'inde genellikle ilk iki yıl içinde uzak metastaz gelişmektedir. Bu durum göz önüne alınarak sistektomiyi yineleyen tümörlü hastalar için saklamayı amaçlayan çeşitli klinik çalışmalar yürütülmektedir. Radyoterapinin başlıca problemi düşük lokal kontrol oranıdır. Hastaların %50'sinde tam yanıt sağlanamazken, tam yanıt alman hastalarda yaşam %72 gibi yüksek oranlara ulaşmaktadır. Tek başına akselere hiperfraksiyone radyoterapi semasıyla %80 tam yanıt bildirilmiştir. Eksternal radyoterapiye brakiterapinin eklenmesiyle %75-80 oranında lokal kontrol ve %50-76 oranında 5 yıllık yaşam bildirilmektedir. Transüretral rezeksiyon, kemoterapi ve radyoterapiyle yapılan indüksiyon tedavilerine tümör yanıtı temel alınarak mesane koruması yapılabilmekte, yanıt olmayan hastalara erken sistektomi uygulanabilmektedir. Kombine tedavilerle %66-80 arasında tam yanıt elde edilirken 5 yıllık yaşam oranlan %45-52 arasında bulunmuştur. Konservatif yaklaşımlarla elde edilen 5-10 yıllık yaşam oranlarında fark olmadığı için sistektomi gerekli oluncaya kadar ertelenebilir.Bu derlemede konservatif tedavilere yanıt veren hastaların yaşam ve lokal kontrol oranlarının cerrahi grubuyla benzer olduğu ve bu hastaların tanı konulur konulmaz sistektomi yapılmasının doğuracağı fiziksel ve psikolojik travmalardan korunmasıyla ilgili klinik çalışmaların aktarılması amaçlanmıştır.

Epidemiological Study of Pediatric Cancer CasesOne hundred and forty-five children with tumors, who applied to our clinic for radiation therapy between December 1992 and August 2001 were reviweel in this studv. In d lis review, distribution of disease groups, sex, age and regional distribution were evaluated. The median age was 11 years (0-18). In 139 children with malignant, tumors male/famale ratio was 1.24-/1. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors were seen the most frequently (30.2%). leukemia was the second (17.3%). and lymphoma was the third (15.1%) in frequency.CNS tumors were the more frequently in comparion with other most clinics in our series. On contrary to our series, leukemia was the most common in other series. We consider that if may be resulted from both CNS tumors may be the more being referred tumors than leukemia to radiation oncology clinics and patients with leukemia might lie (realed in other clinics, because there was no pediatric oncolog in our hospital in some period.Bu çalışmada. Aralık 1992-Ağustos 2001 yılları arasında kliniğimize refere edilen 145 çocukluk çağı tümörlü hasla hastalık gruplarının dağılımı, cinsiyet, yaş ve başvurdukları bölge yönünden retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 139 hastanın medyan yaşı onbirdir (0-18 yaş) ve Erkek/Kız oranı 1.24'dür. Serimizde, santral sinir sistemi (SSS) tümörleri (%30.2) birinci, lösemi (%17.3) ikinci ve lenioına (% 15.1) üçüncü sıklıkta izlenmiştir.Kliniğimizde diğer bir çok merkeze göre SSS tümörlerinin daha fazla, löseminin ise daha az görülmesinin hem radyasyon onkolojisi kliniklerine SSS tümörlü hastaların daha fazla relere edilmesinden hem de fakültemizde bir dönem pediatrik onkolog bulunmadığından lösemi hastalarının başka merkezlerde tedavi edilmiş olabileceğinden kaynaklandığını düşünmekteyiz.

Although thrombocytosis is frequently detected in newborns, few reports have focused on its risk factors. This report documents the characteristics of 89 neonates with thrombocytosis followed up in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We reviewed the patients' medical and laboratory records retrospectively to determine the associated conditions and risk factors for neonatal thrombocytosis, and complications related to thrombocytosis, We also discussed the differences of neonatal thrombocytosis from that of childhood in the light of literature, The mean platelet count of these newborns was 579.7 ± 111.5 (451-936) × 109/L. Associated conditions included anemia (73.7%), high-risk pregnancies (56. %), prematurity (51.7%), infections (37.1%), antenatal drug use (22.7%), indirect hyperbilirubinemia (20.2%), cardiac disorders (14.6%), respiratory distress syndrome (14.6%), history of hypoxia (13.5%), surgery (12.4%), and hemorrhage (3.4%). In most cases, more than one risk factor for thrombocytosis existed in the same newborn. No hemorrhagic complications related to thrombocytosis were observed; however, 1 newborn had portal vein thrombosis associated with intestinal malrotation, In summary, risk factors and associated conditions for thrombocytosis in newborns differed from those in children. In light of associated disorders, the mechanism of thrombocytosis in newborns may differ from that of childhood thrombocytosis. © Turkish Society of Hematology.

Intramuscular myxoma is a very rare benign soft tissue tumor. Local recurrence has not been reported after resection. We treated a patient with intramuscular myxoma by radiotherapy due to three recurrences after operation to reduce the tumor volume, to achieve local control and organ preservation. But we cannot obtain sufficient treatment response in our patient. Surgical excision seems to be the most effective treatment. After surgical excision, if recurrence occurs, histopathologic diagnosis should be reviewed.

This Phase II study was designed to assess the possibility of increasing local control and decreasing distant metastasis by using neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and concomitant boost radiotherapy which was used to prevent accelerated repopulation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Thirty-one patients with stage IIIA and IIIB non-small cell lung cancer were included into this phase II study. Two cycles neoadjuvant cisplatin and vinorelbine were applied. This was followed by thoracic radiotherapy of 64.4 Gy. Response evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the radiotherapy. One year overall survival, progression-free survival and distant disease-free survival rates were 38.4%, 42.1% and 65%, respectively. An objective response was observed in 75% of patients. Different doses of cisplatin affected objective response rate and distant disease-free survival. Grade 3-4 toxicities occurred in 17 patients with chemotherapy and 9 patients with radiotherapy. There was no late grade 3-4 toxicity. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant boost accelerated radiotherapy seems difficult to be considered as a standard treatment method. The ratio of objective response and survival is not at desirable level even though it is higher than the conventional technique.

One hundred and forty-five children with tumors, who applied to our clinic for radiation therapy between December 1992 and August 2001 were reviewed in this study. In this review, distribution of disease groups, sex, age and regional distribution were evaluated. The median age was 11 years (0-18). In 139 children with malignant tumors male/female ratio was 1.24/1. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors were seen the most frequently (30.2%), leukemia was the second (17.3%), and lymphoma was the third (15.1%) in frequency. CNS tumors were the more frequently in comparison with other most clinics in our series. On contrary to our series, leukemia was the most common in other series. We consider that it may be resulted from both CNS tumors may be the more being referred tumors than leukemia to radiation oncology clinics and patients with leukemia might be treated in other clinics, because there was no pediatric oncology in our hospital in some period.

TENMAK D.N.. 8393 Araştırma artan miktarlarda verilen P'un mısır bitkisinin gelişmesi ve kimyasal bileşimi üzerine olan etkilerini saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bunun için düzenlenen sera denemesinde tesadüf blokları deneme deseni ve her muamele 3 paralelli olmak üzere, kontrol dahil 5 ayrı P- muamelesi uygulanmıştır. Sera denemesinde özellikle alınabilir P- kapsamlarıyla P- fiksasyon kapasiteleri birbirlerinden farklı S değişik tip toprak kullanılmıştır. Denemede uygulanan P- muameleleri ise şöyledir: P(o) (kontrol) P1 80 ppm P (216 mg P/saksı) P2 160 ppm P (432 mg P/saksı) P3 240 ppm P (648 mg P/saksı) P4 320 ppm P (864 mg P/saksı) Bitkide normal bir gelişmeyi sağlamak için ayrıca bütün saksılara 150 ppm N (NH4NO3 halinde ve 3 defada) ile 80 ppm K (K2SO4 halinde) verilmiştir. Bütün gelişme süresince su, ışık ve ısı faktörleri kontrol altında bulundurulmuş ve bu faktörlerin olanak içerisinde optimum bir düzeyde tutulmasına çalışılmıştır. Yaklaşık 2 aylık bir gelişme sonunda hasat yapılarak her saksıdan alınan yaş ve kuru bitki ağırlıkları saptanmış ve bitki materyalinde makro- ve mikro besin maddeleri analizleri yapılmıştır. Deneme sonuçları aşağıdaki gibi özetlenebilir: 1: Artan miktarlarda verilen P‘un değişik tip topraklarda yetiştirilen mısır bitkisinde kuru madde miktarı üzerine etkisi topraklara göre sırasıyla; Ahmetli toprağında en fazla kuru madde P3 (28.03 g/saksı), en az P(O) (26.88 g/saksı); Halitpaşa toprağında en fazla kuru madde P3 (33.24 g/ saksı), en az P(O) (29.18 g/saksı); Hacıhaliller toprağında en fazla kuru madde P4 (31.48 g/saksı), en az PQ (23.49 g/saksı); Yeniköy toprağında en fazla kuru madde P3 (22.71 g/saksı), en az PO (6.54 g/saksı); Çökelek toprağında en fazla kuru madde P1 (17.90 g/saksı), en az PO (7.05 g/saksı); Karlıpınar toprağmda en fazla kuru madde P1 (39.82 g/saksı), en az PO (35.52 g/saksı) uygulamalarıyla elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar P verilmediğinde bütün deneme topraklarından elde edilen kuru madde miktarının en düşük olduğunu ve kuru maddede sağlanan artış bakımından en etkili P dozlarının, Çökelek ve Karlıpınar toprakları dışında, sırasıyla P3 ve P4 dozları olduklarını açıkça göstermektedir. 2. Artan miktarlarda verilen fosforun mısır bitkisinin makro besin maddeleri kapsamı üzerine etkisi Artan miktarlarda verilen fosforun etkisiyle kontrole göre bitkinin azot kapsamı Halitpaşa ve Hacıhaliller topraklarında değişmemiş, diğer topraklarda ise azalmıştır, fosfor kapsamı bütün topraklarda artmış; potasyum kapsamı Ahmetli, Halitpaşa ve Yeniköy topraklarında artmış, diğer topraklarda azalmış; sodyum kapsamı Karlıpınar toprağı dışındaki topraklarda azalmış; kalsiyum kapsamı Halitpaşa ve Karlıpınar toprakları dışındaki topraklarda azalmış; magnezyum kapsamı Ahmetli ve Karlıpınar toprakları dışında kalan topraklarda azalmış; kükürt kapsamı ise Ahmetli toprağı dışındaki topraklarda azalmıştır. 3. Artan miktarlarda verilen fosforun mısır bitkisinin mikro besin maddeleri kapsamı üzerine etkisi Artan miktarlarda verilen fosforun etkisiyle kontrole göre bitkinin demir kapsamı Karlıpınar toprağı dışında kalan topraklarda genel olarak azalmış, ayrıca Yeniköy toprağı dışında kalan bütün topraklarda Pg3 dozu ile kıyaslandığında P4 dozunda demir kapsamında bir artış olmuş; mangan kapsamı bütün topraklarda artmış; çinko kapsamı Karlıpınar toprağı dışında bütün topraklarda azalmış; bakır kapsamı Ahmetli, Halitpaşa ve Karlı- pınar toprakları dışındaki bütün topraklarda azalmış ; bor kapsamı ise Yeniköy ve Karlıpınar toprakları dışında genel olarak artmıştır. This study was made to determine the effect of increasing rates of P on growth and chemical composition of the corn plant. For this purpose a greenhouse experiment was conducted using randomized block design and, as three replicates for each treatment, including control 5 different. P treatments were applied In greenhouse experiment 6 different types of soils differing specially in their available P- contents and P- fixation capacities were used. p- treatments applied were as follows: PO (control) P1 80 ppm P (216 mg P/pot) P2 160 ppm P (432 mg P/pot) P3 240 ppm P (648 mg P/pot) P4 320 ppm P (864 mg P/pot) In addition 150 ppm N (as NH4NO3 and in 3 parts) and 80 ppm K(as K2S04) were given to all pots in order to provide normal growth in plant. During growing period water, light and heat factors were taken under control and they kept optimum level as much as possible. After about 2 months of growth harvest was made and the amount of dry matter as well as macro- and micro nutrient contents of the plant were determined. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The effect of increasing rates of P The effects of increasing rates of P on dry matter in corn grown on different soil types were found respectively as follows: Ahmetli soil; The highest dry matter with P3 (28,03 g/pot), the lowest with PO (26.88 g/pot); Halitpaşa soil; The highest with P3 (33.24 g/pot), the lowest PO (29.18 g/pot); Hacıhaliller soil; The highest with P4 (31.48 g/pot), the lowest with PO (23.49 g/pot); Yeniköy soil; The highest with PO (22.71)g/pot), the lowest with PO (6.54 g/pot); Çökelek soil; The highest with P1 (17.90 g/pot) the lowest with PO (7.05 g/pot) and Karlı pınar soil; the highest with P1 (39.82 g/pot)» the lowest with PO (35.52 g/pot). These results showed clearly that without exceptioh the lowest dry matter was obtained from all soils with PO treatment, on the other hand in this respect the most effective P treatments, with exception of Çökelek soil, were respectively P3 and P4. 2. The effects of increasing rates of P on macro nutrients content of corn plant. As compared with control with the effect of P, N content of the plant in Halitpaşa and Hacıhaliller soils was not changed, whereas in other soils was decreased, P content was increased in all soils, K content in Ahmetli Halitpaşa and Yeniköy soils was increased, whereas in other soils was decreased; Na content, with exception of Karlipmar soil, in all soils was decreased; Ca content, with exception of Halitpaşa and Karlipmar soils, in other soils was decreased; Mg content, with exception of Ahmetli and Karlipmar soils, was decreased; S content, with exception of Ahmetli soil, in all soil was decreased. 3. The effects of increasing rates of P on micro nutrient content of corn plant As compared with control, with the effects of increasing rates of P, Fe content of the plant, with exception of Karlıpınar soil, generally was decreased; in all soils, Mn content was increased in all soils; Zn content, with exception of Karlıpınar soil, was decreased in all soils; Cu content, with exception of Ahmetli and Karlıpınar soil was decreased; B content, with exception of Yeniköy and Karlıpınar soils, generally was increased.

TENMAK D.N.. 8352 Pamuğun Mg ve S isteği diğer bir çok bitkilere göre fazladır. Bu nedenle pamuk yetiştiriciliğinde istenilen düzeyde ve kalitede ürünün elde edilmesi için diğer besin maddeleri yanında bu bitkinin Mg ve S isteğinin de iyi olarak karşılanması gerekir. Araştırmada materyal olarak önemli pamuk yetiştiriciliği bölgesini oluşturan Gediz ovasından alınan ve besin maddeleri kapsamları farklı olan iki toprak ele alınmıştır. Bu toprakların önemli bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini gösteren analizler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, toprakların diğer özellikleri yanında Mg ve S kapsamları da önemli derecede farklıdır ve 1 numaralı toprağın alınabilir S ve Mg kapsamının sırasıyla 36.88 ppm ve 5.19 meq/100 g olmasına karşılık, 2 numaralı toprak için bu değerler yine sırasıyla 13.38 ppm ve 1.38 meq/100 g'dır. In comparison with the most of the plants, Mg and S requirements of cotton is relatively higher. Therefore for high yield and good quality it, is necessary to meet Mg and S requirements of this plant in best way. In this investigation as materials two soils taken from cotton growing region in Gediz plateau were used. Some important physical and chemical properties of these soils were determined. According to the results of analysis these soils, beside other properties, different markedly also in their Mg and S contents. However S and Mg content of soil 1 was 36.88 ppm and 5.19 meq/100 g whereas for soil 213.38 ppm and 1.38 meq/100 g respectively. A greenhause experiment was conducted using randomized block desing with three replicates for each treatment and both S and Mg were applied as 3 levels. For a healty growth of plant, in addition necessary N,P and K were added to the pots. Seeds were planted at 5.3.1980 and as seed Coker 100 A/2 was used. After thining 6 plant were left at each pot. During growing period water, heat and light factors were kept under control, in addition necessary phenological observations were also made. At 23.5.1980 the plants were harvested and after harvest the amount of yield obtained from each pot was determined, S and Mg analysis in plant materials were made. The results of the experiment can be summarized as follows: 1. Yield: In comparison with control, the amount of yield was not affected by either S or by Mg treatments markedly, even yield was decreased with the effect of some treatments. 2. S content of the plant: All S levels increased S content of the plants in both soils and the highest increase was obtained by S,level. 3. Mg content of the plant: In comparisot. with control, all Mg levels caused an increase in Mg content of the plant and the highest increase was obtained for soil 1 at Mg(1), and for soil 2 at Mg2 level. 4. Combined effects of S and Mg on S and Mg contents of the plant: For S content of the plant Mg(2)S(2) treatment for both soils was found most effective, whereas in respect of Mg for soil 1 Mg(1)S(0), for soil 2, Mg2S(1) treatment was found superior with the others. On the other hand according to the LSD values differences found between all treatments were statiscally highly significant (0.01 level).

Trakya bölgesinden alınan temsili toprak örneklerine laboratuvar koşullarında isotopik seyreltme prensibi uygulanarak bu toprakların çinko bakımından labile pool (LP) değerleri ve ekstraksiyon çözeltisinin pH'sının LP üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar şöyledir: 1. Ekstraksiyon çözeltisinin pH'sınm arttırılması çözeltideki yüzde 65Zn radyoaktivitesinin de genellikle artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu fark pH 5 ile 7 arasında toprakların çoğu için önemli bulunmuş, pH 7 ile 8 arasındaki fark ise bir toprak dışında, diğer bütün topraklarda birbirine çok büyük yakınlık göstermiştir. 2. Ekstraksiyon çözeltisinin pH'sı toprakların LP değerlerini çoğunlukla etkilememiş ve gerek pH 5 ve 7, gerekse pH 7 ve 8 arasında toprakların çoğu için birbirine çok yakın LP değerleri bulunmuştur. 3. Araştırma sonuçlarıyla bazı araştırıcıların aynı konu ile ilgili olarak elde ettikleri sonuçlar arasında iyi bir uyum saptanmıştır. The labile pool of zinc in representative soils of Thrace region was determined by the application of isotopic dilution principle under laboratory condition. The effect of pH of the extraction mixture on the labile pool was also included in this study and the following results were found: 1. The percent radioactivity of 65Zn in the equilibrium solution generally increased by the effect of pH of the solution. The difference at pH 5 and 7 in most of the soils was significant, while the difference at pH 7 and 8 with one exception was remarkably similar in all soils. 2. Zinc labile pool values of the soils were not affected mostly by the pH of the extraction solution. However the differences at pH 5 and 7 and also at pH 7 and 8 were remarkably similar in most of the soils. 3. These findings were in agreement with the results of some investigators.

Efficiency of gamma irradiation on certain characteristics such as seedling height and dry weight of Amsoy-71 and Calland soybean varieties has been measured considering to use this mutagen effectively in mutation breeding. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using different doses of gamma irradiation (0 to 70 krad) and two soybean varieties. All treatments were carried out in 5 replications and consisted of 50 seeds. Seeds were sown in pots and plants were grown under climatically controlled conditions. Seedling height measurements were made 14 days after the emergence when the first leaf has stopped its growth and dry weights were measured after 5 weeks of growth. ED50 (Effective Dose) values were also calculated in order to find out the suitable irradiation doses to be used in mutation induction for both varieties. The results showed clearly that seedling height and dry weight were affected by γ-irradiation and, as compared with the control, both of them were reduced as the dose was increased with some differences between the varieties. The soybean varieties also showed differences in terms of ED50 (Effective Dose) values and this value was found for Amsoy-71 as 16 krad, whereas for Calland as 20 krad. These results were in agreement with the literature values.