Search

The Coronavirus is one of the most influential infectious diseases of the 21st century. This study investigates the Hatemi-J asymmetric causality relationship between stock market returns and gold market returns for five of the most affected countries between January 02, 2020 and December 31, 2020. The results show that because of the demand for liquidity, the atmosphere of panic, and the perception of gold as a safe haven, the causal relationship is not strong for each country.

The number of thermal tourism centers in Turkey is increasing day by day and the infrastructure of existing centers is being improved. It is of great importance that these centers have a quality service and have the experiential qualities that today's tourists especially seek. However, in this way, it may be possible for the tourist to visit the same thermal facility or center. In this research, it was aimed to determine the experiences of the guests coming to the thermal hotel through the Strategic Experiential Modules (SEMs) proposed by Schmitt. In addition, it was aimed to determine the effect of experiential modules on satisfaction and behavioral intention. A quantitative method has been adopted in the research and the questionnaire technique has been used. The field research was carried out in a thermal hotel in Reşadiye district of Tokat province located in the North Anatolian Thermal Tourism Cities Region. Within the scope of the research, 222 thermal tourists were reached between 31.03.2021 and 08.05.2021. As a result of the regression analysis, it was revealed that sensory and relational experiences, two of the five modules, significantly and positively affected the satisfaction of the guests, and that satisfaction had a significant and positive effect on behavioral intention., Türkiye’de her geçen gün termal turizm merkezi sayısı artmakta ve var olan merkezlerin altyapısı iyileştirilmektedir. Bu merkezlerin sunduğu hizmetin kalitesi ve günümüz turistlerinin özellikle aradığı deneyimsel niteliklere sahip olması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Ancak bu sayede turistin aynı termal tesisi ya da merkezi ziyaret etmesi söz konusu olabilir. Bu araştırmada, Schmitt’in Stratejik Deneyimsel Modüller (SEMs) aracılığıyla termal otele gelen misafirlerin yaşadığı deneyimleri tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte deneyimsel modüllerin memnuniyet ve davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisini saptamak hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada nicel bir yöntem benimsenmiş ve anket tekniğinden faydalanılmıştır. Saha araştırması Kuzey Anadolu Termal Turizm Kentleri Bölgesi’nde yer alan Tokat ilinin Reşadiye ilçesindeki bir termal otelde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 31.03.2021- 08.05.2021 tarihleri arasında 222 termal turiste ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizleri sonucunda, beş modül içerisinden ikisi olan duyusal ve ilişkisel deneyimlerin ziyaretçilerin memnuniyetini anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediği, memnuniyetin de davranışsal niyet üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisinin olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.

Turkey was subjected to a number of financial shocks after the liberalisation movements in the 1980s. The most devastating of them was the consecutive political and financial crises in late 2000 and early 2001. The absence of political stability and depreciated Turkish Lira devastated the markets. The Turkish government immediately acted against the collapsed economic system and introduced a radical Economic Stability Programme under the supervision of Kemal Dervis¸. The programme has restructured the banking and financial system and improved economic discipline. In this study, we aim to investigate the impacts of the 2001 crisis and the structural changes on Turkish exports. To this end, we estimate a one-way gravity model, using panel data belonging to Turkish exports to 135 World Trade Organization (WTO) member countries, over the period between 1981 and 2015. The augmented model controls for the inter/intra-industry exports, competitiveness, trade agreements, trade unions and additional demographics. We utilised Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood (PPML) estimator to account for unobservable time-invariant effects, zero trade, possible heteroscedasticity, and cross-correlation. The results reveals that Turkey has become a free market economy after the liberalisation movements in the early 1980s, and its exports are determined by the same indicators that affect other similar economies; on the other hand, the 2001 crisis has an immediate positive effect on exports through weak Turkish Lira, but this effect turns to negative in the following year. In addition, we find that structural changes in the economic system has a significant effect on exports and help to mitigate the trade-distorting effects of the global financial crisis in 2008. JEL Codes: C33, F13, F14

Purpose: Effective employment policies play a crucial role in national economic strategies. Therefore, exploring the relationship between labor force productivity and real wages is of particular importance for policymakers. Amid the lively debate on the relationship and causal factors related to labor productivity and real wages, this study carefully examines the data related to these factors between 1988:Q1 to 2006:Q4 and 2007:Q1 to 2017:Q4.Methodology: In this study, the ARDL Bounds and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests are utilized to analyze the data from both periods.Findings: Different results were found for each period. Although the results varied in the long-term and the short-term, this study's key results suggest there is significant evidence of a long-term relationship among the variables for the first period. There is no evidence of a long-term relationship between the unemployment rate, labor productivity per hour and real wages in the second period.Originality: Unlike other studies in the literature, it was examined the relationship between labor productivity and real wages in the Turkish manufacturing industry separately before and after the 2008 financial crisis and also, two different variables were considered for productivity. Partial (labor) productivity was analyzed for the first period and labor productivity per hour for the second period., Amaç: Etkili istihdam politikaları, ulusal ekonomik stratejilerde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu nedenle, iş gücü verimliliği ile reel ücretler arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması politika yapıcılar için özellikle önemlidir. İş gücü verimliliği ve reel ücretlerle ilgili tartışmalar özelinde, bu çalışmanın amacı, 1988:Q1-2006:Q4 ve 2007:Q1-2017:Q4 dönemleri için iş gücü verimliliği ve reel ücretler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.Yöntem: Çalışmada ARDL Sınır Testi ve Toda Yamamoto Nedensellik Testinden yararlanılmıştır.Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre, iki dönem için farklı sonuçlar bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlar, ilk dönem için değişkenler arasında uzun vadeli bir ilişki olduğuna dair önemli kanıtlar olduğunu göstermektedir. İkinci dönemde ise işsizlik oranı, saat başına iş gücü verimliliği ve reel ücretler arasında uzun vadeli bir ilişki olduğuna dair bir sonuç bulunamamıştır.Özgünlük: Literatürdeki çalışmalardan farklı olarak, imalat sanayi sektöründe iş gücü verimliliği ve reel ücretler arasındaki ilişki, 2008 Krizi öncesi ve sonrası olarak ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir ve ayrıca verimliliği ölçmek için iki farklı değişken ele alınmıştır. İlk dönem için kısmi (iş gücü) verimliliği, ikinci dönem için saat başına iş gücü verimliliğiyle çalışılmıştır.

Amaç: Kadın hemşirelerden hemşirelik hizmetini almaya alışkın toplumda, erkek hemşireden bakım alan hastaların erkek hemşirelere olan tutumlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan çalışmada evreni, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Fakültesi, Cerrahi ve Dahiliye ünitelerinde yatmakta olan, en az bir kez erkek hemşireden bakım alan, mental ya da psikiyatrik hastalığı olmayan 219 gönüllü hasta oluşturmuş ve olasılıksız örneklem tekniği ile araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Anket formu, katılımcıların sosyo-demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile erkek hemşirelere yönelik tutumlarına ilişkin Likert tipte, 22 önermeden oluşmaktadır. Niteliksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Pearson Ki-kare testi kullanılmış, sonuçlar %95 güven aralığında, p, Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the attitudes of the patients who receive care from male nurses towards the male nurses in a community which is accustomed to receiving nursing service from female nurses.Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, the universe consisted of 219 voluntary patients without any mental or psychiatric illness who were hospitalized at the Abant Izzet Baysal University Training and Research Hospital Medical Faculty, Surgery and Internal medicine units who had received at least one nursing care from a male nurse. The patients were included in the study with a random sampling technique. The questionnaire consisted of 22 Likert-type statements about the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and their attitudes towards male nurses. In the comparison of qualitative data, the Pearson Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the results at 95%confidence interval and p

Coal phase-out is a key step for China to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. The Chinese government introduced a coal de-capacity policy (CDP) in 2016. However, existing studies rarely discuss the effectiveness of China's implementation of the CDP, especially regarding the policy goal of “improving quality and increasing efficiency.” In this context, this study quantitatively evaluates the multidimensional effects of China's CDP in terms of economic efficiency, green production, and employee welfare using a sharp regression discontinuity design. Moreover, the spatial heterogeneity of policy effects is discussed through subsample analyses. The empirical results are as follows. First, the expected goal of the Chinese CDP has not been fully achieved. Although the CDP has achieved a significantly positive economic effect, the effectiveness of environmental benefits and social welfare remains far from ideal. Second, there is a statistically significant spatial heterogeneity in the CDP's multidimensional effects in different regions. Policy guidelines are proposed in line with the findings to support the adjustment and optimization of de-capacity policy measures for coal and other similar industries. This study thoroughly highlights the economic, environmental, and social effects of the CDP's implementation in China in 2016 and provides a periodical summary and assessment of policy effectiveness. Specifically, the findings provide valuable insights for designing coal de-capacity targets and plans for specific regions, which may help ensure better policy efficiency and feasibility in future coal capacity regulations.

This study analyzes the effects of the macroeconomic indicators on the lending interest rates in the leading emerging countries by considering the significance of the interest rates for economic growth since high-level interest rates decrease economic growth and volatile interest rates deteriorate economic stability. In this context, the lending interest rate is considered as the dependent variable; foreign exchange (FX) rates, gross domestic product (GDP), and inflation are included as the independent variables that are the main macroeconomic indicators; annual data from 1990 to 2019 are used, and the panel data analysis is applied. The empirical analysis results reveal that (i) FX rates, GDP, and inflation have a significant effect on the lending interest rates at the panel level; (ii) the significance of these macroeconomic indicators vary at the country level; (iii) GDP is the most influential factor on the lending interest rates at both panel and the country level. The analysis results underline the effects of macroeconomic factors on the lending interest rates. Therefore, countries should apply appropriate policies to lessen the adverse effects of the macroeconomic indicators on the interest rates so that economic growth can be supported by low-level lending interest rates. Hence, emerging countries can benefit from low-level lending interest rates., Bu çalışma, faiz oranlarının ekonomik büyüme açısından önemini göz önünde bulundurarak, önde gelen gelişmekte olan ülkelerde makroekonomik göstergelerin borç verme faiz oranları üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda, borç verme faiz oranı bağımlı değişken olarak kabul edilmekte; temel makroekonomik göstergeler olan bağımsız değişkenler arasında döviz kurları, gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) ve enflasyon yer almakta; 1990'dan 2019'a kadar olan yıllık veriler kullanılmış ve panel veri analizi uygulanmıştır. Ampirik analiz sonuçlarına göre, (i) döviz kurları, GSYİH ve enflasyonun panel düzeyinde borç verme faiz oranları üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir; (ii) bu makroekonomik göstergelerin önemi ülke düzeyinde farklılık göstermektedir; (iii) GSYİH, hem panel hem de ülke düzeyinde borç verme faiz oranları üzerinde en etkili faktördür. Analiz sonuçları, makroekonomik faktörlerin borç verme faiz oranları üzerindeki etkilerini vurgulamaktadır. Bu nedenle, ekonomik büyümenin düşük seviyeli borç verme faiz oranları ile desteklenebilmesi için, makroekonomik göstergelerin faiz oranları üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltacak uygun politikaların uygulanması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, gelişmekte olan ülkeler düşük seviyeli borç verme faiz oranlarından yararlanabilirler.

PurposeHuman beings need shelter as the beginning of their existence. Same holds true for people who live in Turkey as it is a cultural and traditional reason to be the host and endeavor to buy a home even if one has to pay the debt for years. Another factor that is important for individuals and even for countries is the inflation rate. In this context, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the 26 regions of Turkey are affected by the inflationary pressure, specifically in the housing price index (HPI).Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, data from 2010:01 to 2019:01 and the consumer price index (CPI), as well as HPI have been used. The causal relationship between the variables is analyzed by Konya Causality (2006) test.FindingsThe key results suggest that HPI causes inflationary pressures in some regions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has some limitations in terms of data set and scope. These are as follows: although there are many variables affecting housing prices, this study aims to investigate the causal link between inflation and housing prices. In addition, only the CPI and HPI variables were provided on a monthly basis in the 2010-2019 period for 26 regions due to the aim of making regional propositions in the investigation of this relationship. For these reasons, different macroeconomic variables could not be studied.Originality/valueThis study makes the following contribution to the literature. While the majority of existing literature investigates the relationship between housing prices and inflation from an empirical perspective for country, very few studies have been for the sub-regions and also these studies have focused on only some sub-regions. In other words, in the literature review, a study has observed that Turkey has to examine the relationship between the housing price and inflation variables for all sub-regions in particular. To overcome this deficiency in the literature, this study aims to investigate the relationship between housing price and inflation for 26 regions.

Aim: Identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with atherosclerosis may unravel novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers. We studied miRNAs differentially expressed between coronary atherosclerotic plaques (CAP) and healthy arteries. Materials & methods: Paired CAP and internal mammary arteries (IMA) were collected from 14 coronary artery disease patients. The miRNA profiles between diseased (CAP) and healthy (IMA) tissues were compared using microarrays and quantitative PCR. Results: Thirty-one miRNAs were differentially expressed between CAP and IMA. Among these, miR-486-5p showed a high level of regulation (12-fold), had predicted interactions with atherosclerosis-associated genes and correlated with triglyceride levels and arterial stenosis. Regulation of miR-486-5p was validated by PCR (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The miRNAs are regulated in the atherosclerotic plaque. We highlight miR-486-5p whose role in atherosclerosis requires further investigation.

It is very important that the housing market, which meets the most basic need of people is needed for shelter from the past to the present, has a stable structure. The instability structure of the housing market is generally associated with the presence of housing bubbles. The deviation of housing prices from their basic value and not being able to be explained by economic fundamentals leads to the formation of housing bubbles. Housing bubbles can lead to permanent losses, as it may take a long time to return to normal prices. For Turkey as a developing country, it is important to identify an unstable structure in house prices discuss the basic economic factors related to this. After the global increases in housing prices, inflation, and depreciation in the Turkish lira, Turkey has become the country with the highest housing price increases globally in 2020. In the study, the presence of bubbles in the housing market for Ankara, Izmir, Istanbul, and Turkey in general, was investigated by SADF and GSADF unit root tests for the period 2010:01-2021:02. In this context, the study examines the presence of bubbles in housing prices for Ankara, Izmir, Istanbul, and Turkey in general, which are the three cities with the highest price increases. As a result of the study, the presence of bubbles in the housing market has been determined for Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir, and Turkey in general.

In theory, the foreign direct investment and environmental pollution nexus is explained by three hypotheses. Firstly, pollution haven hypothesis assumes that there is a positive nexus between these variables. Secondly, pollution halo hypothesis supposes that there is negative connection between these variables. Lastly, neutrality hypothesis asserts the non-existence of the connection between these variables. In recent years, many researchers have frequently tested whether these hypotheses are valid for different countries. In this study, applying Westerlund panel cointegration test, the authors aim to explore the nexus between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution for 23 developing countries after global crisis. For this aim, they use annual data covering the period 2009-2019. According to the obtained empirical findings, the presence of the long-term nexus between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution is not detected for 23 developing countries. Accordingly, the authors can say that there is neutrality hypothesis.

In social sciences, especially in the economic literature, energy has been one of the most important topics. Energy seems to be dominant on the political and economic agendas because of nearly all economic activities linked to energy. Hence, all economies have endeavored to detect and implement policies to increase their efficiency and mitigate energy’s detrimental effects on the earth. This study’s principal mission is to check the connection between economic growth, non-renewable and renewable energy consumption in ASEAN-5 countries over 1990–2014 to recommend energy-saving policies. Within this view, bootstrap panel Granger causality test is applied. The model results indicate that economic growth causes renewable energy consumption in the Philippines and economic growth induces non-renewable energy consumption in Indonesia and Malaysia. A unidirectional causality relationship operating from renewable energy consumption to economic growth is approved for Brunei Darussalam. Finally, a unidirectional causality relationship working from renewable energy consumption to Brunei Darussalam’s economic growth is confirmed.

Energy is an essential factor for the process of industrialization and growth. Within the context of the debate on the ecological consequences of energy usage and the importance of renewable energy, we have analyzed the relationship and correlation between fossil energy, renewable energy, and GDP for both China and the United States. This study builds on relevant sources by drawing on related economic data from 1990 to 2015. By employing the Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006) causality tests and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, we have examined the association between the variables of natural gas rents, renewable energy consumption, renewable electricity production, coal rents, oil rents, and economic growth. The mean contribution of this study to literature is that it investigates the nexus between RE consumption and production, fossil energy consumption and production, gas rents, coal rents, and oil rents for the United States and China. It also considers the nexus both separately and collectively. Furthermore, in order to explore the causality connection for each type of energy input separately, this method is employed. Our empirical findings show there is no long-term causal relationship with these variables for China. However, our empirical findings show that that there is a long-term causal relationship with these variables for the United States. All the variables cause to renewable energy consumption for the United States and China.

This study evaluated the association of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED index) with neck circumference, obesity, and abdominal obesity in a national sample of Turkish children aged 6-9 years. It was hypothesized that the Mediterranean diet has beneficial effects on BMI and waist and neck circumferences in children.The study sample consisted of 900 children aged 6-9 years recruited from seven primary schools in Ünye District in Ordu, Turkey. Anthropometric data were collected. The KIDMED score was used to assess the children's adherence to the Mediterranean diet.Compared with girls, a higher percentage of boys were obese (27.9% vs 22.2%), and the KIDMED score differed between boys (4.89±2.0) and girls (5.27±2.48; p0.05). Only 18.7% of children had optimal KIDMED scores, and 35.7% had poor KIDMED scores. Compared with boys and girls with medium and optimal KIDMED scores, boys and girls with poor KIDMED scores had higher body weight, height, BMI, and waist and neck circumferences (p0.05). KIDMED scores of overweight boys and girls were higher than those of obese boys and girls (p0.05). An inverse correlation was found between KIDMED scores and body weight, BMI, and waist and neck circumferences.The Mediterranean dietary pattern is significantly associated with improved anthropometric measurements in children. These results demonstrate that providing a diet similar to the Mediterranean diet can prevent obesity and related disorders in children.

Objective: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features and pregnancy outcomes in women with ductus venosus-systemic shunt and systematic review of the literature.Method: A computerized search was con...

This study investigates the determinants of Internet access and its effect on educational inequality in OECD countries during the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. The spatial panel data model is used to include the neighborhood in the model relating to educational inequality. The findings from the study reveal that despite the increase in Internet access during the Covid-19 period, the response to the pandemic has caused education inequalities. Furthermore, economic development indicators are effective in increasing Internet access and reducing educational inequality. Finally, the study shows that, as improvements in income levels can increase Internet access, which results in a reduction in educational inequality.

Theuncertainty in global democratic decision-making mechanisms causes the economicconsequences of world countries to take place in a volatile structure and iteffects investors’ confidence to economies negatively. The purpose of thisstudy is to determine the impact of the global economic policy uncertainty onreturns of the companies traded in the Istanbul Stock Exchange with the modelsof volatility. Accordingly, it has been used from 1997:1 to 2018:4 period datain the study. It has been considered monthly global economic policy uncertaintyindex and ISE-Electric, ISE-Chemical, Petroleum, Plastic, ISE-Industrial andISE-Main Metal Return Indexes in the study. According to the estimation resultsof the volatility model for ISE-Electric, ISE-Chemical, Petroleum, PlasticReturn Indexes and ISE-Main Metal Return Index series, it has been determinedthat the impact of global economic policy uncertainty on the volatility of thestock returns of companies traded in the related sectors is statisticallysignificant and positive., Küresel demokratik kararalma mekanizmalarında yaşanan belirsizlik, dünya ülkelerinin ekonomiksonuçlarının oynak bir yapıda gerçekleşmesine sebep olmakta ve yatırımcılarınekonomilere güvenini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, küreselekonomi politika belirsizliğinin Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören şirketleringetirileri üzerindeki etkisini oynaklık modelleriyle tespit etmektir. Budoğrultuda çalışmada 1997:1-2018:4 dönemine ilişkin veriler kullanılmıştır.Çalışmada, aylık küresel ekonomi politika belirsizlik endeksi ile BISTElektrik, BIST Kimya, Petrol, Plastik, BIST Metal Ana ve BIST Sınai GetiriEndeksleri ele alınmıştır. BIST Elektrik, BIST Kimya, Petrol, Plastik GetiriEndeksleri ile BIST Metal Ana Getiri Endeksi serileri için tahminlenen oynaklıkmodel tahmin sonuçlarına göre, küresel ekonomi politika belirsizliğinin ilgilisektörlerde işlem gören şirketlerin hisse senetlerinin getirilerindeki oynaklıküzerindeki etkisinin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ve pozitif olduğu tespitedilmiştir.

People need to be qualified to adapt to innovations caused by the rapid change in information and technology. This would be realized with the integration of technology into education. In order to subsist in the world of science and technology the disciplines with an important role both now and in the future are science, technology, engineering and mathematics. In this regard, the number of studies conducted on the improvement of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education is also increasing day by day. In this study information is given about the studies conducted on STEM and a total of 40 academic studies consisting of articles and papers published in national and international journals are discussed. Within this scope, studies conducted on the subject matter according to the results of the content analysis are investigated. Research approaches, research methods, learning environments, learning outcomes, data collection tools, research samples, STEM subjects of these studies and body of literature are evaluated. Data collected from the studies are analyzed with methods of descriptive statistics. Results are presented as frequencies and percentage tables. As a result of the study it stands out that qualitative researches are preferred more in STEM education studies, experimental studies and surveys are used as research methods and studies are conducted mostly with primary school students. It is considered that this study would be helpful to researchers eager to study on the subject.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de ve İtalya’da 1970-2016 dönemi için enerji tüketimi ile finansal açıklık, ticari açıklık ve finansal gelişme arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, bağımlı değişken olarak kişi başına düşen enerji tüketimi, bağımsız değişken olarak da kişi başına düşen özel sektöre sağlanan yurtiçi krediler, ticari açıklık oranı ve finansal açıklık oranı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada enerji tüketimiyle söz konusu makroekonomik değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığı ARDL Sınır testi yaklaşımı ile incelenmiş, her iki ülke için de değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığı nedeniyle, analize hata düzeltme modeliyle devam edilmiştir. Hata düzeltme modeli sonucuna göre, Türkiye için ticari açıklık oranının, İtalya için ise finansal açıklık oranının enerji tüketimi üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmada her iki ülke için de finansal gelişme oranının enerji tüketimi üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Indomethacin is a commonly used medication against preterm delivery. Several reports of fetal ductal constriction have been described after indomethacin use in the literature; however, there are no previously documented reports describing an association between Twin-Twin Transfusion syndrome and a constrictor effect of indomethacin on the ductus arteriosus. Two patients were referred to our department for Twin-Twin Transfusion syndrome and each underwent placental laser surgery. Constriction of the ductus arteriosus occurred as early as 20 and 24 weeks’ gestation following maternal use of indomethacin after laser surgery. Spontaneous amelioration was observed after discontinuation of the drug. The constrictor effect of indomethacin on the ductus arteriosus can be observed even after a single dose and as early as 20 weeks of gestation in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies. We emphasize meticulous use of indomethacin in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies because the constrictive effect seems to be independent of gestational age.

Çalışmanın amacı banka ve sigorta işletmelerinin hisse senedi piyasa değeri ile karlılık, sermaye yapısı ve büyüme oranı gibi faktörler arasında bir ilişkinin mevcut olup olmadığını belirlemek ve böyle bir ilişki mevcut ise bu faktörlerin piyasa değeri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören 12 banka ve 5 sigorta işletmesinden oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde 2008-2015 dönemine ait üçer aylık veriler kullanılarak panel regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada piyasa değeri/defter değeri ve Tobin’s Q oranı bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınmıştır. Bağımsız değişken olarak ise likidite, öz kaynak karlılığı, kaldıraç oranı, büyüklük, aktif büyüme ve maddi olmayan duran varlık oranları kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analiz sonuçlarına göre, sigorta şirketlerinde kaldıraç oranının piyasa değeri/defter değeri oranını pozitif yönde, özkaynak karlılık oranını ise negatif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Banka işletmeleri için regresyon analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde, kaldıraç ve büyüklük değişkenlerinin piyasa değeri/defter değeri oranını negatif yönde, özkaynak karlılığını ve maddi olmayan duran varlıklar ise pozitif yönde etkilediği gözlenmiştir.

Enron sonrasında devam eden büyük şirket skandalları, 2008 küresel ekonomik krizi, finansal piyasaların derinleşmesi, firmalarda hissedar sayılarının artması, yatırımcı beklentilerinin önem kazanması gibi konular gerek kurumsal yönetim gerekse kurumsal risk yönetimi (KRY) konularını önemli hale getirmiştir. Kurumsal yönetimle ilgili finansal istikrar, sürdürülebilir büyüme, paydaş sorumlulukları gibi bazı konular KRY’nin etkinliğini etkilerken, KRY ile ilgili risk yanıtının yönetimce alınması, amaçlara ulaşmada makul güvence sağlanılması, risk raporlamasının yönetime yapılması gibi konular kurumsal yönetim etkinliğini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada birbirini etkileyen iki konu olan kurumsal yönetim ile KRY’nin birbirlerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. 2009-2015 dönemine ait 231 firma ve zaman örnekleminde yapılan logistik regresyon analizinde kurumsal yönetim ile KRY’nin birbirlerini pozitif şekilde etkiledikleri görülmüştür.

WOS: 000457729800006, PubMed ID: 30204219, Introduction: In this study we used N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate (NBCA). including dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). via the endovenous route, for mechanochemical ablation in the treatment of superficial venous insufficiency, in an attempt to establish whether an early systemic inflammatory response and an allergic reaction occurred in the patients. Methods: A total of 102 patients were treated with endovenous medical ablation in two centres between October 2015 and February 2016. This study was a two-centre. retrospective. non-randomised investigational study. Ablation treatment with endovenous NBCA was used in patients with C3 to C4b grade superficial venous insufficiency, according to the CLAP (clinical, aetiology, anatomy and pathophysiology) clinical classification. with sapheno-femoral junctional insufficiency and a reflux of 0.5 seconds and longer on duplex ultrasonography. Pre-operative whole blood count. erythrocyte sedimentation rate (F.SR). C-reactive protein (CRP) level and blood chemistry were studied in all patients on admission to the clinic. and repeated in the second hour post-intervention. Results: All patients were treated successfully. Pre-operative white blood cell count (WBC) was 6.82 +/- 1.67 x 10(9) cells/mu l, and post intervention it was 6.57 +/- 1.49 x 10(9) cells/mu l; the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.68). The neutrophil count before the intervention was 4.09 +/- 1.33 x 10(9) while afterwards, it was 4.09 +/- 1.33 x 10(9) cells/mu l. with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.833). Pre-intervention eosinophil count was 0.64 +/- 1.51 x 10(9) cells/mu l, while it was 0.76 +/- 1.65 x 10(9) cells/mu l after the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant Pre-intervention ESR and CRP values were 18.92 +/- 9.77 mm/h and 1.71 +/- 1.54 mg/dl. respectively. Postoperative ESR and CRP values were 19.78 +/- 15.90 mm/h and 1.73 +/- 1.59 mg/dl, respectively. but the differences were not statistically significant. When the parameters were analysed by gender. the differences between pre- and postoperative WBC and eosinophil count, ESR and CRP in women were not statistically significant. On the other hand. although the change in WBC count and CRP value were not statistically significant in males. the differences in eosinophil count and ESR were statistically significant. Conclusion: Cyanoacrylate has been used in the endovenous medical ablation of varicose veins and superficial venous insufficiency over the last few years without the use of thermal energy and tumescent anaesthesia, which represents the greatest advantage of this method. In addition, since it causes no systemic allergic or acute inflammatory reaction, it appears to be safe to use.

Bu çalışmada Türkiye ömekleminde 1998:01--2015:04 dönemi için enflasyon oranlarını etkileyen faktörler regresyon analizi aracılığıyla ortaya konulmak istenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada üretici ve tüketici fiyat endeks değerlerinden hareketle elde edilen enflasyon oranı kullanılmış ve GSYIH artış oranı, para arzı, vadeli mevduat faiz oranı, nominal ücretler, yurtiçi reel kredi hacmi ile ABD doları cinsinden reel döviz kuru değişkenlerinin enflasyon oranları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, vadeli mevduat faiz oranının hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde enflasyon oranlarını etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak çalışmada, enflasyon oranlarını kısa dönemde reel döviz kurunun, uzun dönemde ise GSYIH artış oranının etkilediği bulgusuna rastlanılmıştır. In this study, the aim is to determine the factors causing economic instability for the I998.'01-2015:04 periods in Turkey by using regression analysis. For this purpose, the inflation rates that were obtained based on Producer and Consumer Price Index values were used as the indicator of the economic instability; and the influences of the growth rate, money supply, deposit interest rate, nominal wages, domestic real credit volume and real exchange rate in USA dollar on the inflation rates have been investigated. It has been determined in the study that deposit interest rate is the variable that influences the inflation rates in the short term and in the long term. It has also been determined in the study that the real exchange rate influences the interest rates in the short term; and the increase in the GDP influences the interest rates in the long term.

Günümüzde dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık üçte ikisinin internet kullanıcısı olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Günlük atılan tweet sayısı yüz milyonlarla ifade edilebilirken, Google arama sayısı ve e-posta sayısı ise milyarın çok daha üzerindedir. Bu da gelişen teknolojilerle beraber bireylerin sosyal hayatlarında dijital ve sosyal medya araçlarının etkilerinin yadsınamaz boyutlara ulaştığının bir göstergesidir. Başlangıçta eğlenceli olarak nitelendirilen bu uygulamaların fazla kullanılması durumunda, bağımlılık sorunları ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bir diğer ifadeyle, tıp alanında sosyal medya bağımlılığı bir hastalık olarak nitelendirilmekte ve bağımlılığın kontrol altında tutulmasının önemli olduğu belirtilmektedir. Sosyal medya bağımlılığının birey üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri dikkate alındığında genç neslin bağımlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve buna göre önlemler alınması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Bayburt Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi'nde 2018-2019 akademik yılı Bahar döneminde eğitim gören öğrencilerinin dijital ve sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeylerine yönelik bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında anket verilerine dayalı olarak dijital ve sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeyinin azaltılmasına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Nowadays, it is estimated that nearly two-thirds of the world population are internet users. While the number of tweets posted per day can be expressed in hundreds of millions, the number of Google searches and e-mails is much more than a billion. This is an indication that the effects of digital and social media tools on the social lives of individuals with the advancing technologies have reached emphatic dimensions. In the case of excessive use of applications, which were initially described as fun, addiction problems may arise. In other words, social media addiction is defined as a disease in medical field and it is stated that keeping addiction under control is important. Considering the negative effects of social media addiction on the individual, it is important to determine the level of addiction among the young generation and to take measures accordingly. In this study, information was obtained from the students studying at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences at Bayburt University in the Spring semester of the 2018-2019 academic year. In the conclusion part of the study, suggestions for reducing the level of digital and social media addiction are presented based on this survey data

This study focuses on the dollar, euro, gold, bitcoin and the impact of bubbles in financial investment instruments on bitcoin returns in the context of Turkey. The causal relationships (using the Toda-Yamamato causality test) between the returns of these financial instruments were also determined. In performing this assessment, the sup augmented Dickey-Fuller (SADF) and generalised SADF (GSADF) tests were employed to determine the existence of bubbles based on the period from 1 August 2018 to 23 March 2018. The volatility of bitcoin was tested by autoregressive conditional variant models. As aresult, it was shown that the observed bubbles in gold’s, the euro’s and the dollar’s returns reduced the volatility of bitcoin’s returns. Then, it was shown that the dollar’s, the euro’s and gold’s returns affected bitcoin’s returns.Keywords. Speculative bubbles, Bitcoin, Investment instruments, Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models, Toda-Yamamato causality.JEL. G10, C58, E44.

WOS: 000446506600004, PubMed ID: 30394491, BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can lead to multiple organ failure and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline and iloprost administered before reperfusion in intestinal ischemia. METHODS: In total, 25 male Wistar Albino rats weighing 250-300 g were divided into five groups each comprising five subjects: control group (n=5), sham group (n=5, no I/R), I/R group (n=5, 45 min ischemia, and 120 min reperfusion), I/R + pentoxifylline group (n=5, 45 min ischemia following intraperitoneal 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline and 120 min reperfusion), and I/R + iloprast group (n=5, 45 min ischemia followed by intraperitoneal 2 mcg/kg iloprost and 120 min reperfusion). At the end of the experiment, ileum specimens were stained using hematoxylin-eosin and histopathologically evaluated using the Chiu score. Isometric contraction-relaxation responses were recorded using organ baths for contraction-relaxation responses. RESULTS: Pentoxifylline provided a significant improvement in response to histopathological and contraction-relaxation responses. Although iloprost provided recovery in reperfusion injury, it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that pentoxifylline may be promising in preventing small bowel ischemia-reperfusion injury. We concluded that further clinical and experimental studies for iloprost are needed.

Objective With the widespread use of ultrasonography for fetal screening, the detection and management of congenital urinary tract abnormalities has become crucial. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical approaches in patients with prenatally detected urinary tract abnormalities. Material and Methods This study is a retrospective, single-center study performed at a perinatology unit of a university hospital, between 2010 and 2016. The outcomes of 124 patients who were prenatally diagnosed as having urinary tract abnormalities are reported. Variables included in the analysis were fetal sex, birth week and weight, persistency, and necessity surgery after birth for renal pelvic dilatation. Low-risk renal pelvic dilatation was determined as an anterior-posterior (AP) diameter of 4-7 mm at 16-28 weeks, 7-10 mm after 28 weeks, whereas high-risk dilatation was defined as AP measurements of ≥7 mm at 16-28 weeks, ≥10 mm after 28 weeks, respectively. Results The majority of patients consisted of male fetuses with bilateral pelviectasis (62.9%, 20.2%, respectively). The mean age was 28.8±6.4 years. The mean gestational age at birth was 34.2±7.8 weeks. The mean birth weight was 2593±1253.3 g. The need for surgery was greater in high-risk patients than in low-risk patients (58.3% vs. 8.7%) (p

The development in technology affects every area of our lives as well as learning-teaching process. This situation makes it essential to give place to information technologies in educational applications. The purpose of this study is to create a web-based story writing portal which makes thinking enjoyable and increase creativity and creative writing. Based on a predetermined plan in this way, enhancing students' writing and thinking skills attainment has been intended. The study's being grounded on web-based and interactive is to provide students an environment far from fears, since mental and emotional comfort allow freedom in writing. Therefore, this study contributes to raise individuals who are creative, curious, able to think deeply and able to think freely in judgment and ideas. Thus, the study will be an important step to apply such a beneficial educational approach which intends to bring up creative individuals to meet the needs of present day.

Bankacılık sektöründe ortaya çıkan yoğunlaşmanın finansal kırılganlık üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi ekonomi için oldukça önemlidir. Teoride bu ilişki “rekabet-istikrar” ve “rekabet- kırılganlık” görüşleri çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2007:01-2014:09 dönemi için Türkiye örneği üzerinden hareketle, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 19 banka için bankacılık sektöründe ortaya çıkan finansal kırılganlığı etkileyen değişkenlerin tespit edilmesi, bu değişkenlerin kısa ve uzun dönemdeki etkilerinin ortaya konulması, yoğunlaşmanın finansal kırılganlık üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi ve yoğunlaşma ile finansal kırılganlık arasındaki nedensel bağın varlığının araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır . Bu bağlamda Pearson Korelasyon matrisinden, Panel Klasik regresyon denklemlerinden ve Holtz-Eakin nedensellik analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan nedensellik analizi sonucunda, Türkiye için bankacılık sektöründe yoğunlaşma ile finansal kırılganlık arasında çift yönlü bir etkileşim olduğu tespit edilmiştir., Determining of the effects of the concentration appearing in banking sector on financial fragility is extremely importance. In the theory, this relationship discusses within the frame of “competition-stability” and “competition-fragility”. The aim of this study is to determine which variables financial fragility in banking sector affects, and to present short-run and long-run effects of these variables and the effect of concentration on financial fragility with reference to the example of Turkey over the period of 2007:01-2014:09. In this regard, it is taken advantage of Pearson correlation matrix, panel classical regression equations and Holtz-Eakin causality analysis. It is infered from the casuality analysis performed that there is two-way interaction between concentration and financial fragility in Turksih banking sector.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of fatalities worldwide. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is a transcription factor that controls cell proliferation, differentiation and immunity. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first investigation of the association between CAD and NF-κB1 −94 W/D/NF-κBIA 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) A→G polymorphisms. The study population comprised 226 CAD patients and 201 controls. There was no significant difference in NF-κB1A 3′-UTR A→G in the allele and genotype frequencies between case and control populations. The D allele frequency of NF-κB1 −94 in the case group was significantly higher compared to the control group (P=0.028, odds ratio=1.37). The genotype frequency of NF-κB1 −94 DD in the case group was significantly higher compared to the controls (P=0.028). Linkage analysis showed a close linkage among these 2 genes (P

WOS: 000353347600031, PubMed ID: 25749140, Objective: Beta-blockers are a heterogeneous class of agents that are used in the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension and atherosclerosis, and that are commonly prescribed after cardiac surgery. In the present study, the aim is to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of some common beta-adrenoceptor blockers on the human radial artery in vitro, as well as their relaxation mechanisms. Methods: Radial artery rings sourced from human patients were mounted in an organ bath and tested for changes in isometric tension in relaxation response to labetalol, nebivolol, and propranolol in the presence and absence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (3 x 10(-5) mol/L) and tetraethyl ammonium (3 x 10(-4) mol/L). Results: The labetalol (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L), nebivolol (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L), and propranolol (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L) induced concentration-dependent relaxations on the radial artery rings, which had been precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-6) mol/L). The relaxation response induced by labetalol in the isolated radial artery rings was significantly higher when compared with the nebivolol and propranolol samples (P < .05). NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester significantly reduced the relaxation of nebivolol (P

DOI: 10.26650/IUITFD.344912Amaç: Sistemik lupus eritematozus (SLE)tanısı almış ve gebe olan olguların maternal ve perinatal sonuçlarınındeğerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız 2002-2016yılları arasında üniversitemizin perinataloji kliniğinde gebelikleri takipedilmiş 126 SLE olgusunun dosya verilerinin retrospektif olarak incelenmesiyleyapıldı. Hastaların klinik karakteristikleri, obstetrik ve perinatal sonuçlarıdeğerlendirildi.Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 29,1±4,6 yıl ve nulliparite oranı %45,2 idi. Gebelik sırasında hastalığınalevlenmesi hastaların %11,1’ inde görüldü. Lupus antikoagulanı,antikardiyolipin IgG ve IgM antikorlarının pozitifliği sırasıyla; %23,8 , %18,2ve %18,2 olarak saptandı. Ortalama doğumhaftası 37,2±3,7, ortalama doğum kilosu 2813 ±856 gr bulundu. Fetal büyümekısıtlılığı, preterm doğum, ölü doğum, preeklampsi görülme oranları sırasıyla;%16,6 , %10,3 , %10,3 , %9,5 olarak bulundu.Sonuç: SLE tanılı gebelik olgularınınyönetiminde multidisipliner yaklaşım ile takip ve tedavinin sağlanması olumlumaternal ve fetal sonuçlar ile ilişkilidir., DOI: 10.26650/IUITFD.344912Objective: To evaluate maternal and fetaloutcomes in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Materials and Methods: This retrospectiveclinical study included 126 consecutive cases of pregnant women with SLE andwas performed in the perinatology clinic of our university hospital. Weevaluated lupus pregnancies that were followed and delivered from 2002 to 2016.Results: The mean patient age was 29.1 ±4.6 years, and the nulliparity rate was 45.2%. Disease flare-up occurred in11.1% of patients. Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin IgG and IgMantibodies were positive in 23.8%, 18.2%, and 18.2% patients, respectively. Themean gestational age at delivery was 37.2 ± 3.7, and the mean birth weight was2813 ± 856 g. Fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, stillbirth, andpreeclampsia rates were 16.6%, 10.3%, 10.3%, and 9.5%, respectively.Conclusion:A multidisciplinary approach to the care of pregnant women with SLE ismandatory for good maternal and fetal outcomes.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether plasma irisin concentrations differ between uncomplicated, early-onset and late-onset pre-eclamptic pregnancies. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 27 women with early-onset, 27 women with late-onset pre-eclampsia (PE) and 26 healthy pregnant women. Maternal levels of serum irisin were measured with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mean maternal serum irisin level of early-onset PE was significantly lower than late-onset PE (1.14 ± 0.56 vs. 1.46 ± 0.59, p

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth of Bulgaria. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth of Bulgaria for the period 1990-2016, based on annual data, by using the Toda–Yamamoto analysis and Autogressive Distrubuted Lag (ARDL) bound test. This period is characterized by the democratization of the Balkans and several crisis cycles in Bulgaria. Renewable energy consumption (REC, percentage of total final energy consumption), renewable electricity output (REO, percentage of total electricity output) and economic growth (GDP constant 2010 US$) were used. The levels or differences of the variables that are stationary were investigated using the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF), Philips–Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Philips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root tests. Findings Three different results were obtained from this study. One showed that renewable energy consumption and renewable electricity output are the causes of economic growth. Another result of this study is that economic growth and renewable electricity output are the causes of renewable energy consumption. The last result is that economic growth and renewable energy consumption are not causes of renewable electricity output. There was no long-term relationship between variables. Research limitations/implications The ARDL and Toda–Yamamoto tests were used because of lack of data sets. Thus, it is estimated that there is no long-term relationship. Originality/value This study is an original work for Bulgaria, showing the results of the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth. In line with the results of this study, renewable energy projects related to Bulgaria can be predicted.