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Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects of Achillea filipendulina. Methods: Phytochemical content was analyzed by GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assayed by DPPH, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and iron reduction tests. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the MIC assay. Anticancer activity was detected via MTT assay, followed by analysis of the apoptotic process using annexin V and caspase 3/7. miR-519d and Dvl-1 expression were assessed by RT-PCR, and molecular docking analysis was also performed. Results: The ethanol extract of Achillea filipendulina showed the strongest anticancer effect. A significant increase in miR-519d expression was observed in HT29 cells, while a decrease in Dvl-1 expression was noted. DPPH, FRAP, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant assays showed high antioxidant activity. The hexane and ethanol extracts were effective against Streptococcus mutans (MIC

Introduction: The left ventricular (LV) function can be affected by COVID-19. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) is a measurement that reflects the function of the LV. The association between MAPSE and LV function in COVID-19 survivors is not well understood, and this study aimed to explore that relationship. Material and methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study comprised 99 patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These patients experienced symptoms lasting more than 2 months following the initial SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, including fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough. The patients were categorized into two groups based on their MAPSE measurements: those with low MAPSE (12 mm). MAPSE measurements were acquired using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Results: COVID-19 patients with low MAPSE, global longitudinal strain (GLS) (%) ([-17.61±0.95] - [-18.90±1.08], p

Epiploic appendicitis is an uncommon and self-limiting disease. Clinically, it can often mimic acute appendicitis or acute diverticulitis, which are more common causes of acute lower abdominal pain. A 16-year-old male patient was admitted to our pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic with complaints of diarrhea (4 times a day) and severe abdominal pain in the epigastric region for three days. Abdominal computed tomography showed normal pancreas, hepatosteatosis, thickening of the cecum wall, multiple mesenteric lymphadenopathy in the right lower quadrant, areas similar to fat necrosis and 25x20 mm lesions compatible with EA. The patient, whose clinical and laboratory findings improved completely with antibiotic therapy, was discharged. In this study, we aimed to draw attention to epiploic appendicitis, which is one of the causes of acute lower abdominal pain in children and should be kept in mind in order to prevent unnecessary operations.

For many years, coffee has maintained its place in Turkey as Turkish coffee (i.e., boiled, finely ground, unfiltered), and has become globally recognized. However, in recent years, especially for young people, filter coffee has become more popular, instead of Turkish coffee. As is generally known today, climatic conditions and processing techniques have an impact on the constituents of coffee. It is also thought that the finer grinding of Turkish coffee may affect the variability of the coffee contents. The mentioned popularity of the coffee beverage is also causing an increased interest in its nutritional and functional properties as well as its chemical constituents. Therefore, an analytical determination of the coffee ingredients is essential. Taste may be the most important criterion for coffee consumption for most consumers, but the health benefits should not be underestimated. Coffee has an antioxidant effect due to the phenolic compounds present, such as chlorogenic acid. It is also known to prevent cellular damage, which has led to increased interest in its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the total chlorogenic acids (CQAs), caffeine and antioxidant capacities of coffees commonly consumed in Turkey. For this purpose, three green and three roasted coffee samples of the Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica varieties were selected for this study and characterized. Different targeted mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed to encompass the above-mentioned ingredients. The roasting process significantly increased the caffeine content in three roasted samples compared to green coffees. These values ranged from 1.2 g per 100 g dry mass (DM) in green coffees to 2.6 g per 100 g DM in roasted coffees. It could be shown that the most dominant CQA contained was 5-CQA. While the amount of CQA in green coffees is approximately 49–64%, it decreases down to 33–41%, by isomer conversion partly, to 4-CQA and 3-CQA in the roasting process. The highest value was found at 3.5 g/100 g DM. The highest value for the antioxidation capacity was 4.4 g ascorbic acid equivalents/100 g DM roasted coffee and the lowest value was 2.4 g/100 g DM in green coffee. This study was the first attempt to demonstrate the presence of different CQAs, caffeine and antioxidation capacity in coffee beans from the market in Turkey and needs to be followed up further with a larger sample size in future studies.

This study was performed in order to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, anti-Trichomonas vaginalis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts of aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L., H. thymbrifolium Boiss. amp; Noë and H. thymopsis Boiss. The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts was tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and iron chelating assays. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined spectrophotometrically. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated on MCF-7 breast cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell line. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the microdilution method on the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and the fungal strain Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). All extracts demonstrated cytotoxic activity on PC3 prostat cancer cell line with a concentration dependent manner, while H. thymopsis extract was the most active against cancer cell growth. The obtained results of the present study revealed that the methanol extract of H. perforatum, H. thymbrifolium and H. thymopsis have significant antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The results provided the basic research data for further phytochemical and biological activity guided investigations on these species for identication and isolation of potential drug active compounds.

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects of Achillea filipendulina. Methods: Phytochemical content was analyzed by GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assayed by DPPH, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and iron reduction tests. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the MIC assay. Anticancer activity was detected via MTT assay, followed by analysis of the apoptotic process using annexin V and caspase 3/7. miR-519d and Dvl-1 expression were assessed by RT-PCR, and molecular docking analysis was also performed. Results: The ethanol extract of Achillea filipendulina showed the strongest anticancer effect. A significant increase in miR-519d expression was observed in HT29 cells, while a decrease in Dvl-1 expression was noted. DPPH, FRAP, total antioxidant status, and total oxidant assays showed high antioxidant activity. The hexane and ethanol extracts were effective against Streptococcus mutans (MIC<50 µg/mL), while the ethanol extract was effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans (MIC<50 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies also confirmed that ethanol extracts could act on the Wnt pathway. GC-MS analysis showed high level of eucalyptol and borneol content in the extract. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of Achillea filipendulina has anticancer effect and can be used in colon cancer treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In recent years, skin cancer increased with the increase in sun exposure of people all over the world. In this study, we aimed to find out how much people in Turkey know about how to protect themselves from the sun and skin cancer, how they act to protect themselves from the sun and skin cancer, how they feel about sun protection, and how well they understand health issues. Patients and Methods: This study was designed as a case-control study. This study included 105 patients who were followed up in our clinic with malignant skin diseases (malignant melanoma (MM), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)) between March 2020 and March 2021. Our control group comprised 105 healthy volunteers. This study collected data with a data collection form and the Health Literacy Scale. Results: The results showed that the mean knowledge level of the control group was higher than that of the case group. Similarly, the mean behavior of protection from sun and skin cancer and mean sun protection attitude is higher in the control group than in the malignant skin diseases group. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean health literacy levels of the malignant skin disease group and the control group. The mean health literacy levels of the malignant skin disease group are lower than the control group. There is a statistically significant effect of health literacy, age, knowledge level of protection from sun and skin cancer, and behavior of protection from sun and skin cancer on the probability of skin cancer. Conclusions: Increasing the level of knowledge may positively affect compliance with skin cancer preventive measures and decrease skin cancer-related morbidity and mortality.

Introduction Spina Bifida(SB) is a congenital disease can cause multi system disfunction and psychiatric symptoms.It is stated that the emotional and physical burden of the caregivers leads to increased levels of anxiety and depression. Objectives According to Gargiulo’s stage model, is composed of three stages. In the first phase parents experience shock, denial and depression. During the secondary phase ambivalance, anger, and guilt is prominent, followed by the tertiary phase in which bargaining, acceptance and adjustment are observed. Adjustment is the process of reorganisation and realignment of the family needs and objectives and variates depending on the character of the family members. Methods Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were used in this research. 66 volunteering parents were included, 34 of them having child with SB and 32 of them having a healthy (non-SB) child. Results Depression, anxiety and hopelessness scores were significantly higher in the SB group than the non-SB group. There is a significant positive correlation between education and income levels. Conclusions It is determined that the majority of the SB group did not have any support. The greatest burden the parents have is emotional breakdown, followed by economic hardships and physical fatigue. Depression, anxiety and hopelessness scores and age of affected child are negatively correlated. The younger child’s age, the higher the scores. There is a strong, negative and opposite correlation between the parents’ ages and depression scores. Although it is almost impossible for the families to avoid from the hard and long treatment process of the clarify the reasons behind the disease, activate the protective medical services and if possible do prenatal treatment in order to lessen the postnatal degree of the disease are highly significant. Therefore, financial and moral burden of the society are reduced. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Spina Bifida, a congenital neural tube defect causing multi-system dysfunction. The birth of a disabled child in the family inevitably affects the family members, their lives, feelings, behavior and social life negatively. A lifelong challenge with the disease may give rise to severe pathologies to the parents or caregivers; such as somatization disorder which is characterized by various functional somatic symptoms that can not be explained by organic pathology. For the DSM-V, the diagnosis of complex somatic symptom disorder is proposed to replace the current diagnoses of somatization disorder, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, hypochondriasis and pain disorder. The proposed diagnostic criteria for complex somatic symptom disorder require the presence of somatic symptoms, together with misattributions, excessive concern or preoccupation with symptoms and illness and increased healthcare use. Objectives We aimed to find out the relationship between somatization, depression and anxiety levels of parents with children diagnosed with SB. Methods Interview form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the SCL-90-R (Psychological symptoms screening test) were used. 79 individuals were included. Results Severely depresssed and anxietic parents show correlating levels of somatizaton. Depression and anxiety scores were above normal range. SCL-90-R Test the ratio of general somatization level compared to other values was found to be 1.72. Parameters above 1 are considered high. This ratio was found to be 100 % in pie charts, indicating all parents had somatization. Conclusions SB is not only physical but also a psychological burden to the child as well as the parents. Families often find themselves in despair and feel powerless while giving care to their child with SB. They have a greater tendency for mood and somatization disorder, long term psychiatric follow-up and more frequent evaluations and interventions should be undertaken. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia worldwide and has many adverse effects on life quality. This meta-analysis study aims to show that reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) is more effective than routinely used parameters in the diagnosis of IDA. Methods: Comprehensive and systematic research was done using international databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, which contain all articles published on IDA until December 29, 2020. Seventeen articles were included in the meta-analysis. Results: The analyses found the Cohen's deffect size (Standardized Mean Difference) values of the parameters. Accordingly, CHr is 2.84 (95% CI 2.36 to 3.31), mean corpus volume (MCV) is 2.46 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.95), ferritin is 2.37 (95% CI 1.63 to 3.11), and transferrin saturation (TSAT) is 3.76 (95% CI 2.14 to 5.38). To diagnose IDA, the sensitivity value of the CHr concentration was found as 83.5% (95% CI 76.1 to 89.8), specificity value to be 91.8% (95% CI 85.5 to 96.4), and mean cut-off value as 28.2 pg. Conclusions: The results of our study reveal the findings that CHr is a better biomarker than MCV and ferritin used in determining IDA, and its efficacy is lower than TSAT. It is very important to use it routinely for the pre-diagnosis of IDA, which is very important for public health. The groups in the study are heterogeneous but contain bias. Therefore, meta-analyses of studies with less heterogeneity of CHr are needed.

Her inancın dini sembolleri vardır. Bu sembollerden biri de kıbledir. Yön, cihet ve yönelmek gibi anlamları olan kıble, ibadet esnasında belli bir yöne ve mekâna yönelmeyi ifade etmektedir. Özellikle İslâm dininde kıble, çok daha kapsamlı bir anlam ifade eden ve inanan kimsenin aidiyetini belirleyen bir semboldür. Kıble, hem birçok ibadetin tamamlayıcısı hem de bizatihi ibadet biçimidir. Bir kişinin Müslüman olmasının işaretlerinden biri kabul edilmektedir. İslâmî kaynaklarda kıble olarak iki kutsal mekân ve yöne vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bunlar Mekke’deki Kâbe ve Kudüs’teki Beyt-i Makdis’dir. Her iki kıblenin de İslâm tarihinde önemli bir yeri vardır. Hz. Peygamber’in nübüvvetin ilk zamanlarında bir kıblesinin olup olmadığı tartışmalıdır. Ancak, Hz. İbrahim’den beridir süregelen geleneksel anlayışla Kâbe’ye hep saygılı davranmıştır. Bu dönemde ibadetlerini ya Kâbe’de ya da Kâbe’ye dönerek yaptığına dair bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Ancak mi’râcda namazın farz kılınmasından itibaren şekli tartışmalı da olsa kıble olarak Beyt-i Makdis’e yönelmeye başladığı bilinmektedir. Bu durum hicretten sonra belli bir süre daha devam etmiştir. Daha sonra âyetle kıble Kâbe’ye kesin olarak tahvîl olmuştur. Beyt-i Makdis’in kıble olmasının kaynağı, şekli, süresi ve tarihiyle ilgili farklı bilgiler ifade eden çok sayıda rivâyet bulunmaktadır. Bu makale, hadîs ve siyer kaynaklarındaki bu rivâyetleri bir bütün olarak ele alarak Beyt-i Makdis’in kıble olma sürecini ve süresini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) is a plant widely found in the Middle East and Mediterranean region, both naturally grown and cultivated. In our study, C. elegans nematodes were used as an anti-helminthic model and by determining the anti-helmintic effect of Myrtus communis L. fruit, it was aimed to find the active ingredients with possible anti-helmintic effects by GC-MS analysis. In our study, the anthelmintic effect of the ethanol extract of Myrtus communis L. fruit on C. elegans was investigated. Ethanol fruit extracts were added to NGM separately at final volume of 10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL and experimental groups were formed. When the data were evaluated statistically, the difference between all experimental groups, negative control group and positive control group (pyrantel pamoate), was significant (p lt;0.05). According to the results of GC-MS analysis, the highest detected ingredients were 1,8-Cineole (3.46%), Linalyl acetate (3.06%), and Palmitic acid (2.90%). It was observed that Myrtus communis L. fruit extract was more effective on C. elegans nematodes than pyrantel pamoate at the same concentration (5 mg/mL), and 20 different active ingredients were determined according to our GC-MS analysis results. By studying the forms of these active ingredients separately or in different combinations, the ingredients and combinations with the strongest anti-helmintic activity can be determined, and it is thought that our findings may lead to further studies.

No Abstract

Copyright of Sportis: Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education & Psychomotricity is the property of Sportis: Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education & Psychomotricity and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sportis: Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education & Psychomotricity is the property of Sportis: Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education & Psychomotricity and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose:In our study, antihelminthic activity of Nigella sativa was tested on a model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans).Methods:N2 (wild type) C. elegans and Escherichia coli OP50 were purchased from the University of Minnesota, Ceanorhabditis Genetic Center for the study. C. elegans were grown in NGM (Nematode Growth Medium) solid culture medium. After synchronization, nematodes in adult form were exposed to Nigella sativa seed oil at concentrations of 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.0001%. The study continued for 18 days until all nematodes in the experimental and control groups died. Alive and dead nematodes were recorded every day. The nematodes in which pharengeal pumping stopped was recorded dead.Result:According to our findings, all nematodes died at the end of the fourth day at a concentration of 1%. In addition, no alive nematod was observed at the end of the fifth day at concentration of 0.1%; whereas at the end of the 13th day all nematodes died at concentration of 0.01%. When the data were analyzed statistically, the difference between at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and the control group was significant (pC. elegans can be a good model in studies of antihelmintic activity and that Nigella sativa has an anthelmintic effect.

Metabolomik, küçük moleküllü metabolitlerin lipitler, karbonhidratlar, vitaminler, hormonlar ve dokularda, hücrelerde ve fizyolojik sıvılarda bulunan diğer hücre bileşenlerinde belirli bir sürede yüksek verim teknolojilerini kullanarak belirlenmesi, nicelendirilmesi ve tanımlanmasıdır. Metabolomik uygulaması, biyobelirteçlerin tanımlanmasını, enzim-substract etkileşimlerini, ilaç aktivitesi çalışmalarını, metabolik yol analizini ve sistem biyolojisi ile ilgili diğer bazı çalışmaları içerir. Yani metabolomik, NMR, GC-MS ve LC-MS gibi yüksek verimli teknolojilerle hücrelerde, dokularda veya biyolojik sıvılarda bulunan tüm metabolitlerin kısa sürede ucuz ve doğru ayrılması, tanımlanması ve ölçülmesidir. Beslenme paternleri ve toksinlere maruz kalma gibi çevresel faktörler, obezite, tip 2 diyabet gibi birçok hastalığın önlenmesinde/ gelişmesinde ve dolayısıyla kişilerin sağlık durumlarında önemli bir rol oynar. Sağlıklı olmak, iyi genetik, iyi yaşam tarzı ve iyi beslenmenin bir birleşimidir. Metabolomik, metabolit konsantrasyonlarını izleyerek fizyolojik işlemlerin analizini sağlar, büyük ölçüde yiyeceğin moleküler içeriğine ve sağlık özelliklerine göre değişebilen ve gıda işlemesinin bir sonucu olarak oluşan kimyasal değişiklikleri karakterize eder. Günümüzde bilim insanarı obezite, diyabet, kardiyovasküler ve kronik hastalıkların önlenmesi ve yaşamı uzatan, kilo verdiren, fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığı geliştiren ve kalp krizi ve kanser gibi hastalıkları önleyen yeni biyoaktif gıda bileşenleri bulmak için çalışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, metabolomik tekniklerin kullanımı, gıda tüketim modellerinin geliştirilmesi, herhangi bir diyetin faydaları ve fizyolojik tepkilerin iyileştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalara katkı sunmaktadır. Bu konuda gıda bilimi ve beslenme, gıda kalitesi ve gıda güvenliği, gıda işleme alanında birçok çalışma vardır. Özetle, hücre seviyesindeki genlerin, proteinlerin, enzimlerin, metabolitlerin ve mikro ortamların etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılması, hücre fonksiyonlarını ve genel sağlığı geliştirmek için beslenme programlarının tasarımına metabolik yaklaşımlar yardımcı olabilir, sağlık ve hastalık, beslenme ve besinlerin rolünü anlayışımızı geliştirebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; gıda ve beslenme araştırmalarında metabolomic uygulamalar konusunda genel bir değerlendirme yapmak, bazı potansiyel uygulamaları vurgulamak, metabolominin gıda ve beslenme üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve bu konularda bilimsel literatürü sunmaktır.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada çok sayıda şubeleri olan sütlü tatlı üreticisi büyük bir işletmede ürün girişinden tüketime sunulan süre içerisinde ISO 22000 gıda güvenliği yönetim sistemi standardının ne şekilde uygulandığı incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Sütlü tatlı üretimi yapılan tesis, altı ay boyunca haftada üç kere ziyaret edilmiştir. Bu çalışma sırasındaki incelemeler, firmadaki kalite sorumlusu ile birlikte yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler; ISO 22000:2005 yönetim sisteminin standart maddelerinin soru-cevap şeklinde yorumlanması ile tamamlanmıştır.Bulgular: Sütlü tatlı üretiminde kullanılan hammaddelerin tedarik edildiği firmalar onaylı tedarikçilerdir. Ambalaj özellikleri, araç durumu ve etiket bilgileri bütün hammaddeler için aynı olup ürün özelliklerinde farklı bulgular saptanmıştır. Firmada yapılan sütlü tatlı ürünlerinin kritik kontrol noktaları ve tehlike analizleri sırayla incelenmiştir. Üretim alanı gözlemlendiğinde, kritik kontrol noktalarına ve tehlike analizlerine uygun üretim yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Sütlü tatlı yapım aşamasında iç malzeme yerleştirme esnasında, eldivenin yırtılması sonucunda personel kaynaklı fiziksel tehlike tespit edilmiştir. Tutulan eğitim kayıtlarında temizlik ve hijyen kurallarına uyulması konusunda personele tekrar eğitim verildiği saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Sütlü tatlı üretimi yapan işletmede, hammadde kabul kriterlerinin belirlenmiş ve akış şemalarının oluşturulmuş olduğu, risk değerlendirmesinin yapılmış olduğu ve kritik kontrol noktalarının (fiziksel, kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik) tespit edilerek kayıt altına alındığı saptanmıştır.

Domuz ayrığı (Dactylis glomerata L.) yaygın olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılan, ekonomik açıdan önemli çok yıllık bir buğdaygil yem bitkisidir. Bu araştırma, Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü yem bitkileri ıslah programı kapsamında geliştirilen elit domuz ayrığı klonlarının akrabalık derecelerini ve genetik çeşitliliğini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 32 genotip ve 24 SSR primeri kullanılmıştır. Moleküler analiz sonucunda SSR primerleri toplamda 126 allel üretmiştir. Allel sayısı 3 ila 7 arasında değişmiş ve lokus başına düşen ortalama allel sayısı 5,25 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen allel büyüklükleri ise 101 bp ile 354 bp arasında değişmiş ve polimorfizm oranı her primer için %100 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Bireyler arasında uzaklık derecesi Jaccard genetik uzaklık katsayısı kullanılarak elde edilmiş ve 0,21 ile 0,84 arasında değişmiş ve genetik çeşitlilik seviyesi yüksek bulunmuştur. Genotiplerden elde edilen 126 allelin 28’nin nadir alleller olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Jaccard genetik uzaklık katsayısı kullanılarak yapılan neighbor-joining analizi sonucunda oluşturulan dendrogram 3 ana gruba ayrılmıştır. A grubu en büyük grubu oluşturmuş ve bünyesinde 15 genotip barındırmıştır. B grubu orijini aynı bölge olan 13 genotiple ikinci büyük grubu oluşturmuştur. C grubu ise en küçük grup olup orijini Türkiye’nin kuzeyi olan genotipleri barındırmıştır. Moleküler analizler domuz ayrığı genotiplerinin önemli derecede genetik varyasyon taşıdığı ve ıslah programı için değerli kaynaklar olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, SSR tekniğinin domuz ayrığı genotiplerini moleküler olarak tanımlamada oldukça uygun ve etkili bir teknik olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Amaç: Campylobacter bağırsak florasının doğal bir üyesi olan, enterik ve genital sistem infeksiyonlarına neden olan mikroorganizma familyasıdır. Alt türlerinden Campylobacter jejuni ve Campylobacter coli insanlarda gastroenteritisin başlıca nedenleri arasında olup, Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Sürveyan ve Kontrol Esasları Yönetmeliği’ne göre "Bildirimi zorunlu D grubu bulaşıcı hastalıklar" kapsamında takip ve ihbarı laboratuvar seviyesinde zorunlu tutulmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) 2007-2015 yılları arası gıda kaynaklı hastalıklar raporunda Campylobacter kaynaklı enterik hastalıkların sürveyans raporu içine almıştır. Bu çalışmada İstanbul ili sınırları içinde satışa sunulan toplam 100 adet çiğ tavuk eti örneğinde (50 tavuk kanat ve 50 tavuk baget) Campylobacter türlerinin kültür yöntemi ve kütle spektrometresi ile tespiti amaçlandı. Yöntem: Örnekler mikrobiyolojik yöntemle ön zenginleştirme ve selektif zenginleştirme işlemine alındı. Selektif besiyerinde gelişen şüpheli Campylobacter kolonilerine oksidaz ve katalaz testleri uygulandı. Oksidaz ve katalaz pozitif izolatlar kütle spektrometresi ile kesin tiplendirme işlemine alındı. Bulgular: Kütle spektrometresi ile tiplendirme sonucu 3 örnekte (%3) 2 C. jejuni ve 1 C. coli suşu kesin şekilde tanımlandı. Sonuç: Çiğ satılan tavuk etlerinin Campylobacteriosise yol açan türler ile bulaş oldukları, gıda güvenliği ve halk sağlığı bakımından risk taşıdıkları ve genel hijyen kurallarına dikkat edilmediği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, kültür bazlı mikrobiyolojik yöntemlerin Campylobacter türlerinin tespitinde modern enstrumental yöntemler ile desteklenmesi gerektiği görülmüştür.

This paper discusses the subjection of Europe's lower-strata working-class Muslims to a politics of containment on two levels: isolation and elite capture. Departing from analogies between antisemitism and Islamophobia, it argues for a different comparison between the two that involves their effects when weaponised as discursive strategies. While the effects of the weaponisation of ('new') antisemitism tend to isolate Muslims through a de -essentialising good vs. bad Muslim discourse, the effects of the weaponisation of Islamophobia move towards the tendential dynamics of elite capture through a re -essentialising discourse. Instead of theorising identity-formation as a direct consequence of ideology, the paper situates both discursive strategies within a structural framework that involves Muslims' organisational and collective- action forms, which in turn consolidate non-class identities. The paper concludes that the effects of the weaponisation of both discourses are realised in the containment of Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Genişlemiş spektrumlu β-laktamaz (GSBL) üreten Enterobacteriaceae türleri antimikrobiyal tedavileri başarısız kıldıkları için artan şekilde ilgi görmektedirler. Yenidoğan ve çocuk gıdaları uygunsuz üretim, depolama ve hazırlama koşulları sebebiyle GSBL-üreten Enterobacteriaceae suşları, özellikle Cronobacter türleri dahil olmak üzere, patojen mikroorganizmalar içerebilmektedir. Bu tür gıdaların tüketilmesi yenidoğan ve çocuk sağlığı açısından son derece tehlikeli enfeksiyonlara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İstanbul ilinde satışa sunulan farklı markalara ait toplam 115 örnekte (20 yerli üretim bebek maması, 20 ithal bebek maması, 20 nişasta, 20 pirinç unu, 20 irmik ve 15 süt tozu) GSBL-üreten Enterobacteriaceae ve Cronobacter türlerinin varlıklarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Örneklerde Enterobacteriaceae türlerinin izolasyonu ISO 21528-2:2004 talimatları takip edilerek yapılmıştır. İzole edilen Enterobacteriaceae türleri Kütle Spektrometresi ile tiplendirilmiştir. Tiplendirmesi tamamlanmış izolatlar ön zenginleştirme amaçlı 35-370C/18-24 saat inkübe edildikten sonra, kromojenik GSBL seçici besiyerine transfer edilmiş ve tekrar 35-370C/18-24 saat inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. İnkübasyon sonunda gelişen GSBL şüpheli koloniler seftazidim, sefotaksim ve sefpodoksim ± klavulanik asit içeren antibiyotik diskler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucu güçlü şüpheli GSBL pozitif olduğu belirlenen kolonilerin MİK değeri tespiti Merlin Micronaut-S beta-lactamase VII kiti kullanılarak yapılmış, MİK bulguları spektrometre tarafından ölçülmüş ve Sifin yazılımı ile otomatik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. GSBL tarama ve MİK tespiti CLSI (2013) talimatları takip edilerek yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Mikrobiyolojik İnceleme sonucu elde edilen toplam 18 adet GSBL şüpheli izolat arasında (7 adet P. agglomerans, 1 adet E. aerogenes, 3 adet E. cloacae/asburiae, 2 adet K. oxytoca, 2 adet L. adecarboxylata ve 3 adet C. sakazakii), 5 adet izolatın (3 adet P. agglomerans, 1 adet E. cloacae/ asburiae ve 1 adet E. aerogenes) GSBL pozitif oldukları, diğer taraftan C. sakazakii izolatların GSBL üretmedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Yerli üretim bebek mamaları, pirinç unu ve nişasta örneklerinin, C. sakazakii izolatları hariç, GSBL-üreten Enterobacteriaceae türleri içerdikleri, bu sebeple bebek ve çocuk sağlığı açısından ciddi sağlık riski oluşturdukları görülmüştür.

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