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Obrazovanost stanovništva bitno određuje društveni i gospodarski razvoj svake države. Nalazimo se u vremenu u kojem obrazovanje postaje sve dostupnije, ali ipak postoje određeni dijelovi svijeta u kojima ono nije dostupno u dovoljnoj mjeri. Mnoge organizacije, poglavito na svjetskoj razini, upozoravaju na važnost obrazovanja djece i žena te se poduzimaju razne mjere kako bi se unaprijedile obrazovne mogućnosti. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je pokazati provedivost Milenijskih ciljeva razvoja UN-a, ponajprije onih koji se odnose na suzbijanje siromaštva, ostvarivanje prava na primarno obrazovanje te uspostavljanje jednakosti među spolovima te istražiti problematiku obrazovanja i njenu ulogu kao pokretača razvoja države na primjeru Benina. Istraživanje je fokusirano na prostor Benina i to na razdoblje nakon uspostavljanja neovisnosti s posebnim naglaskom na prijelaz u 21. stoljeće kad su i doneseni Milenijski ciljevi razvoja UN-a. Vlastito kvantitativno istraživanje stavlja fokus na selo Hondji, smješteno u departmanu Ouémé. Analizirani su podatci o broju upisane djece, spolnoj strukturi učenika u spomenutoj školi te dinamika kretanja broja učenika u razdoblju od 2009./2010. do 2019./2020. školske godine. Provedena su dva strukturirana intervjua s dvjema osobama zaposlenima u beninskom obrazovnom sustavu. Za potrebe prikaza karakteristika beninskog obrazovnog sustava analizirana je dostupna literatura i izvori. The education of the population significantly determines the social and economic development of each country. We are in a time when education is becoming more accessible, but there are still certain parts of the world where it is not available enough. Many organizations, especially at the global level, warn of the importance of educating children and women and take various measures to improve educational opportunities. The aim of this thesis is to show the feasibility of the UN Millennium Development Goals, especially those related to poverty reduction, realization of the right to primary education and gender equality, and to explore education and its role as a driver of state development, on the example of Benin. The research is focused on the area of Benin, in the period after the establishment of independence, with special emphasis on the transition to the 21st century, when the UN Millennium Development Goals were adopted. Own quantitative research focuses on the village of Hondji, located in the department of Ouémé. Data on the number of enrolled children, the gender structure of students in the mentioned school and the dynamics of the number of students in the period from 2009/2010 until 2019/2020 school year were analysed. Two qualitative open-ended interviews were conducted with two people employed in the Benin education system. Available literature and sources were analysed to present the characteristics of the Benin education system.

The distribution of twelve resident species of bats in Croatia listed in Appendix II of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC was mapped in 10 km squares of the UTM projection grid: Rhinolophus blasii, R. euryale, R. ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, Myotis bechsteinii, M. blythii, M. capaccinii, M. dasycneme, M. emarginatus, M. myotis, Barbastella barbastellus and Miniopterus schreibersii. A list of localities is provided with dates and references. A total of 828 UTM squares are connected with the land area of Croatia, of which 249 (= 30%) have records of bats. A total of 105 UTM squares have only one of the twelve species (42%), 103 squares have between two and four species (41%), 36 UTM squares have five to eight (14%) and only 5 UTM squares have nine species (2%). The number of localities varies between 2 (Myotis dasycneme) and 229 (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Depending on the species, these localities cover between 2 and 144 UTM squares (0.2%–17.3% of all 10 km squares of Croatia) with a central quartile range between 21 and 69 squares (2.5–8.3%).

In this paper we present the current known distribution and status of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in Croatia. Distribution, size and status of maternity and winter colonies is presented and discussed in relation to different aspects of biology (altitude, temperature requirements etc.). Overall and regional population estimates are calculated for this species considering the most recent population data. We also present causes of threat and make a proposal for further research, monitoring and conservation measures for greater horseshoe bat in Croatia.

Šišmiši su, odmah iza glodavaca, druga najveća skupina sisavaca na planeti – poznato ih je više od 1000 različitih vrsta. Jedini su leteći sisavci, što im je omogućilo da nasele praktički sve dijelove svijeta i prilagode se najrazličitijim ekološkim uvjetima. Danas u Hrvatskoj obitava 35 vrsta šišmiša koji pripadaju trima porodicama. Njihova eurivalentnost na mikroorganizme čini ih pogodnim domaćinima za raznovrsne viruse (njih čak 66), ali i za razne druge uzročnike zaraznih bolesti: bakterije, parazite i gljivice. Kao i svi drugi sisavci, šišmiši mogu oboljeti od bjesnoće, te ujedno predstavljaju postojane biološke rezervoare virusa te fatalne bolesti. Od 1985. u Europi započinju sustavna i opsežna istraživanja bjesnoće kod šišmiša. Virus bjesnoće dokazan je u velikom broju europskih zemalja, ali je broj šišmiša kod kojih je nađen u odnosu na broj pretraženih izuzetno mali, te ne prelazi 2%. Rezultati pretraga šišmiša u europskim državama te nepoznavanje situacije u Hrvatskoj potaknuli su Hrvatski veterinarski institut u Zagrebu i stručnjake iz Hrvatskog prirodoslovnog muzeja da započnu analizirati dostupne uzorke šišmiša na bjesnoću. Do sada su sve obavljene pretrage dale negativne rezultate.

Špilja Veternica značajno je zimsko obitavalište raznih vrsta šišmiša. Cilj ovog istraživanja bilo je utvrditi koje vrste šišmiša pri kojim mikroklimatskim uvjetima hiberniraju u špilji 2004. i 2005. godine. U tu svrhu postavljene su u špilju stacionarne sonde na pet postaja, od kojih je svaka kontinuirano bilježila temperaturu i relativnu vlagu zraka u intervalu od 5 minuta. Prilikom terenskih izlazaka određivane su vrste, brojnost i lokacija šišmiša u špilji, kao i mikroklimatski uvjeti uz same životinje.

Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolophus euryale are considered as priority species for autecological studies according to UNEP/Eurobats. In Croatia all bat species are legally protected. In the Croatian Red List (2004) M. schreibersii is in the EN category and R. euryale in the VU category. Research on both species started in 2003 in the Veternica Cave near the town of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. The nursery of both species with ca 500 individuals uses the unprotected, warmest part of the cave. Although the cave is under the authority of Medvednica Nature Park, the bats are often disturbed since it is very close to the capital and guided tour is encouraged. The path leading to one of the popular tourist spots passes by the cave and bats may easily be disturbed. A data logger measuring the temperature and relative humidity every 5 minutes is located in the part used by bats. The bats usually start to use the cave in June and depending on the weather they may stay there until late October. In the year 2003 no young were recorded in the cave, but there were young in the following year. Possible reasons for this may include extensive disturbance by visitors. In this work we present data on current status of both species in Croatia, microclimate measurements, wing design of traced individuals and a proposal for using grills that would restrict disturbance of bats by visitors for the protection of that part of the cave.