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Primena različitih tretmana sa ciljem redukcije sadržaja nesaharoznih jedinjenja u melasi šećerne repe potencijalan je metod za poboljšanje parametara kvaliteta melase, lakše sprovođenje procesa desaharifikacije melase i sprečavanje eventualnih nepoželjnih promena pri skladištenju melase. Stoga je predmet istraživanja ove disertacije redukovanje sadržaja nesaharoznih jedinjenja u melasi šećerne repe upotrebom prirodnih adsorbenata mineralnog (različiti tipovi bentonita) i celuloznog (celuloza različitog stepena čistoće i modifikovani ekstrahovani rezanci šećerne repe) porekla. Variranjem pH vrednosti sredine, suve materije melase i koncentracije primenjenog adsorbenta ispitan je sinergistički efekat uslova tretmana na stepen redukcije sadržaja nesaharoznih jedinjenja u melasi. Efikasnost sprovedenog tretmana utvrđena je na osnovu promena parametara kvaliteta melase i to boje, mutnoće, sadržaja saharoze, sadržaja suve materije i sadržaja pepela. Na osnovu rezultata uočava se da je pozitivan uticaj kombinovanog dejstva upotrebljenih adsorbenata i uslova tretmana najizraženiji kod mutnoće i boje melase što potvrđuje afinitet adsorbenata ka zadržavanju i/ili vezivanju bojenih materija. Takođe, navedeni pozitivan uticaj izražen je u manjoj ili većoj meri u zavisnosti od tipa primenjenog adsorbenta ali i uslova gde je uglavnom dominantan uticaj pH vrednosti, The application of different treatments aiming to reduce the content of non-sugar compounds in sugar beet molasses is a potential method for molasses quality enhancement, facilitation of molasses desugarization process and prevention of any undesirable changes during molasses storage. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to reduce the content of non-sugar compounds in sugar beet molasses by using natural adsorbents of mineral (different types of bentonite) and cellulosic (cellulose of different purity and modified sugar beet pulp) origin. By varying treatment conditions such as pH, molasses dry substance and the applied adsorbent concentration, the synergistic effect of the treatment conditions on the reduction efficiency of non-sugar compounds content in molasses was examined. The treatment effectiveness was determined based on changes in molasses quality parameters, namely color, turbidity, sucrose content, dry substance content and ash content.According to the obtained results, the positive influence of the combined effect of applied adsorbents and treatment conditions is most pronounced for molasses quality parameters turbidity and colour, which confirms the applied adsorbents affinity towards coloured compounds retention or binding. Also, the stated positive influence is expressed to a greater or lesser extent depending on the type of adsorbent used as well as the conditions applied, where the influence of pH is mainly dominant.

The aims of this Ph.D. thesis were the synthesis, identification and spectral characterization of selected iodinated aromatic compounds which are either of natural origin or prepared by iodination of natural compounds. The structure of aristol, prepared by iodination of thymol under alkaline condition, was elucidated using modern chromatographic and extensive spectral techniques (NMR/FTIR/MS/UV), combined with chemical transformations and quantum mechanical calculations. A number of additional aristol constituents were identified by the use of a QSPR model (readily available structure-derived descriptors used to predict gas chromatographic retention data), in combination with mass spectrometry, directly from the aristol matrix without preparative chromatography. Formation mechanisms of aristol constituents were proposed. Several iodinated and brominated carvacrol derivatives were synthesized and their NMR analysis revealed that some of them exist as atropisomers - this is the result of a hindered rotation around a sp2-sp3 bond. Esters and ethers of diiodo- and dibromocarvacrols, as well as mixed bromoiodo derivatives were prepared and spectrally characterized and the presence of diastereomeric atropisomerism was observed for all compounds. A new synthesis of a natural product N-[2-(3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]benzamide, isolated from the ascidian Didemnum rubeum, and its analogs (formamide, benzamide, and acetamide) was accomplished. In order to perform an eco-friendly synthesis of N-acyl tyramines, with better yields and under milder reaction conditions, and in accordance with the principles of green chemistry, a solvent-free synthesis of D. rubeum natural product and other amides was developed. Some of the tyramides were tested for their toxicological/pharmacological activities, and these compounds showed different levels of toxicity towards Artemia salina. The tested compounds were rather non-toxic towards rat macrophages, but they affected their function (the activity of myeloperoxidase).

10th International Scientific and Professional Conference „With Food to Health“ Osijek, Croatia, October 12th – 13th 2017

Sopianae, preteča današnjeg Pečuha, je bio važan rimski grad u provinciji Panoniji koji je u 4. stoljeća po Kr. stekao status upravnog središta provincije Valerije, kada je rimska Panonija bila podijeljena na četiri manje provincije, te postao središtem kršćanstva. U radu se nastoje sintetizirati glavni rezultati dosadašnjih povijesnih i arheoloških istraživanja ranokršćanske nekropole Sopianae na području rimske Panonije. U uvodnom se dijelu ocrtavaju osnovni elementi antičke upravne, prometne, gradske i crkvene baštine na tom prostoru, a zatim se prati povijesna i geografska analiza položaja rimskog grada Sopianae, te se daje uvid u arheološke pronalaske na tom području. Autor smatra da iako položaj Sopianae nije bio na Balkanu, određenom u današnjem smislu riječi, grad je imao vrlo jake veze s tim područjem te bi nakon kratkog osvrta na navedene dokaze, trebali imati sliku o mješovitim utjecajima na rimski grad Sopianae.

Četvrto stoljeće je u čitavom Rimskom carstvu bilo vrlo burno. Granice carstva su u neprekidnoj opasnosti od provale barbarskih plemena, česte borbe za prijestolje, proglašenja uzurpatora - tzv. protucareva i osobito velika promjena u religijskom svjetonazoru. Mnogoboštvo koje je dugo stoljeća bilo dominantna religija u carstvu smjenjuje kršćanstvo. Nakon Milanskog edikta 313. g. počinje nezaustavljivo širenje kršćanstva po svim djelovima carstva i potiskivanje mnogoboštva. No niti kršćanstvo nije bilo monolitno. Javlja se više frakcija i razlika u kršćanskim učenjima, a osobito jako postaje arijanstvo. Arijanstvo je jake korijene uhvatilo upravo u Panoniji, a panonski i mezijski biskupi igraju značajnu ulogu u borbama za prijestolje rimskog carstva, imenovanju Papa i borbi protiv tzv. nicejskog ili pravovjernog kršćansta. Tada su se osobito istaknuli biskupi Singidunuma – Ursacius, Sirmiuma - Germinije i biskup Murse – Valens.U radu bi željeli pokazati kako su ovi biskupi i područje provincije Panonije, a osobito Mursa, odigrali značajnu ulogu u vojnim, političkim i vjerskim zbivanjima u Rimskom carstvu u četvrtom stoljeću.