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The protection and sustainable use of natural and cultural heritage in order to improve local identity and quality of life, as well as the positioning of Serbian cities on the global map of eco-cultural tourism, are still not suffi ciently recognized as development opportunities and therefore are not prioritized in their development plans. Following the increase in interest, and thus the representation of various types of tourism based on the integration of tangible and intangible cultural heritage and natural values in the overall tourist offer, it is necessary to review the possibilities of such approach. Smaller towns and settlements, which are frequently declining, are a particularly important group of settlements whose sustainable development should be viewed through this perspective. Many European countries have recognized the importance of cultural and natural heritage protection and their potential for sustainable (urban) development, so in recent decades a large number of national and pan-European projects have been launched with focus on this kind of approach and within which various methodological processes are developed and pilot projects for their verifi cation are funded. Raising their capacities for formulating, initiating and launching natural and cultural heritagebased development projects, necessitates various types of training, participatory and collaborative workshops, and the organization of various events aimed at informing and mobilizing the public. As part of the international DANURB+ project, an Action Plan for the protection and sustainable use of the natural and cultural heritage of Sombor was developed. The plan was created with the active and continuous participation of those responsible for , as well as those interested in development. The process is designed to help in the articulation of integral projects as well as their networking on a local, national, and international level. The paper will present the methodological procedure, the

Fundamental institutional reforms, as well as changes in the political, economic and social system, are the cause of the very complex and dynamic urban development of post-socialist cities. The transition from the single-party socialist political system into the system of parliamentary democracy and the decentralization of public state institutions and administration led to a greater responsibility of the local community for the creation of urban policies and the financing of urban development programs. The reduced role of the state in the economic system, the established capitalist principles of private ownership and market-lead economy have significantly influenced changes in the management of urban development, which is mainly driven by short-term goals and private interests. In conditions where local communities have insufficient financial resources to implement public policies based on neo-liberal principles, the role of the private sector in urban development becomes dominant, and the needs of citizens are neglected, which is the cause of significant spatial-social urban problems. Due to the low level of involvement of civil society in the decision-making process of urban planning, which is only declarative, but also due to the non-transparency of the process itself, it is also evident that citizens are not interested in participating in planning of urban development. This often results in the emergence of urban resistance movements and non-acceptance of imposed planning solutions. Regarding this, the issue of social sustainability of the transformation of post-socialist cities and the strengthening of civil society has become increasingly prominent in the post-socialist research discourse. This paper deals with the problem and impact of the "bottom-up" planning approach on the transformation of post-socialist cities. The aim of the paper is to point out the complexity of the process of post-socialist development of cities and to re-examine the role of civil s

In the upcoming period, city squares’ urban redesign will be crucial in achieving sustainable development goals. This study presents a systematic review of OTC-related studies for the urban design of city squares using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. A review included a total of 173 papers from 2001 to 2023. The results identified five study types—clusters based on four pre-defined criteria: study approach, data collection methods, time duration, and primary objectives. The clusters indicate that more than half of all studies are related to the comparison of thermal comfort and heat mitigation measures. Most of the case studies were located in one of three climate zones: temperate oceanic (Cfb) (58 studies), hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) (40 studies), or humid subtropical (Cfa) (28 studies). The most common geometry of the analyzed urban square is medium-sized, is rectangular, and has dominant axel orientation south–north. Also, based on all five clusters, several research gaps were identified, appropriate for future research: the majority of studies related to the traditionally considered climate areas, no typology of urban square geometry configuration based on OTC assessment, and the lack of a local design model for assessing and improving the thermal comfort of city squares.

Teritorijalne strategije su u fokusu održivog i integralnog urbanog i teritorijalnog razvoja u savremenoj praksi planiranja u Evropskoj uniji. One odražavaju trenutno shvatanje strateškog planiranja kao adaptivnog procesa koji zahteva upravljanje promenama. U okviru tehničke podrške Programa Evropske unije za lokalni razvoj (EU PRO Plus) testirana je primena dva instrumenta u lokalnom kontekstu - Integrisana teritorijalna ulaganja (eng. - ITI) i Održivi urbani razvoj (eng. - SUD). U pitanju su savremeni instrumenti, koji su efi kasno sredstvo za integraciju prioritetnih ulaganja, tematskih ciljeva i različitih izvora fi nansiranja u okviru teritorija. Teritorijalne strategije se usmeravaju na ekonomske, ekološke, klimatske, socijalne i demografske izazove teritorija. U radu su prikazana iskustva iz procesa izrade dvanaest strategija za trideset i jedan grad i opštinu u Srbiji. Ovi instrumenti urbanog i teritorijalnog razvoja podstiču veće učešće lokalnih aktera u sprovođenju održivog razvoja i promovišu promenu u kulturi planiranja ka inkluzivnim, kolaborativnim praksama, i kao efekat proizvode kvalitetnija rešenja.

The paper represents a part of the research conducted through the EU Interreg project DANUrB+ (Danube Urban Brand), which gathered six European countries including Serbia around the common goal: to foster the development of small cities along the Danube region through sustainable and heritage-based tourism and cross-border cooperation. One of the main outcomes of the project was the development of Action plans, defined by the set of goals and specific methodology, which included: analysis of strategic regional and local planning documents; field study; meetings, workshops and surveys with local stakeholders; research through participation, and thematic exhibitions. The Action plan for Golubac, the city with a declining population in the Eastern part of Serbia, represents a model for shaping new authentic tourist products and routes by combining natural and cultural heritage, and it could serve as a knowledge base and unique methodological model for action planning and building self-sustaining communities.

Between the late 18th century and the early 20th century, industry changed the structure of European cities. The facilities and infrastructure built during the Industrial Revolution transformed cities and became centers of innovation and knowledge. The urban structure of cities at that time was greatly influenced by the construction of factory complexes, whose dimensions made them the dominant structures in their local areas. The purpose of the renewal of industrial buildings is to preserve the urban structure and development stages, and through regeneration and transformation, these facilities are adapted for attractive contemporary reuses. Industrial heritage testifies to the continuous urban, cultural and social development of cities, which makes their preservation and reuse very appropriate. This paper explores the possibility of adaptive reuse of the Banja Luka Tobacco Factory and the use of industrial heritage for the needs of modern-day urban life. The Banja Luka Tobacco Factory was built at the end of the 19th century, during the Austro-Hungarian period. This factory complex was erected along the city thoroughfare known as the Imperial Road, which connects its northern and southern parts. Elegant residential, sacred, and commercial buildings were erected along this major road; today, they keep urban memory alive. The Tobacco Factory ceased operation in 2018 and it has not been used since. The complex is listed as cultural heritage of special architectural and historical importance. Banja Luka lacks the space needed for infrastructure to help the development of creative industries. Ideas have been put forward to adapt the facilities of the Tobacco Factory to be reused for the culture industry and art. By reviving the complex of the factory, the city could get new space for culture and strengthen the residents' ties with the local cultural heritage.

U radu su prikazani rezultati analize ankete posetilaca jednog gradskog trga i mikroklimatskih parametara prikupljenih na terenu tokom dva vremenska perioda u ukupnom trajanju od 15 dana, pre i posle postavljanja privremene intervencije u javnom prostoru u zimskom periodu. Izvršeno je anketiranje 210 korisnika radi ispitivanja subjektivnih stavova, ocena o ličnom toplotnom komforu u otvorenom javnom prostoru pre i posle postavljanja montažnog objekta namenjenog rekreaciji svih starosnih grupa: javnog klizališta sa opremom za korišćenje. Cilj rada je analiza efekata klimatski senzitivnog urbanog dizajna kroz proveru povezanosti pojedinačnih mikroklimatskih parametara (temperature vazduha, brzine vetra, relativne vlažnosti vazduha, vazdušnog pritiska, temperature crnog globus termometra), aktivnosti metabolizma i odevenosti ispitanika. U radu je izvršena provera subjektivne ocene toplotnog komfora i skale toplotnog komfora za PET indeks nakon postavljanja javnog klizališta u otvorenom javnom prostoru. Prikazani su identifikovani subjektivni faktori zagrevanja i hlađenja na trgu, kao i moguća dalja usmeravanja istraživanja u cilju formulisanja odgovarajućeg modela toplotno senzitivnog urbanog (re)dizajna gradskih trgova.

City riverfronts are parts of urban areas that have become increasingly interesting in space reconstruction and revitalization in the last few decades. This situation has occurred due to several different factors. The most important factor is undoubtedly the value of the land along the river and the possibility of forming high-quality spatial landscapes. In these parts of the city, in urban centres worldwide, attempts are being made to organise the entire life of the city. This research seeks to examine changes in the examples of the city riverfronts of Belgrade and Zagreb. These two cities are attractive for research because they were formed on the banks of the same river and have similar spatial-geographical characteristics. To research the mentioned changes in the paper, the spatial planning and urban documentation will be analyzed, focusing on the transformations of the riverfront of the two mentioned cities. It is important to emphasise that this paper seeks to examine the transformations in the last twenty years, i.e. in the 21st century. This research tries to summarise all the changes made to the city riverfronts and their effects on the spatial configuration of Belgrade and Zagreb. It also seeks to answer whether such space transformations are favourable or not, or what impact do they have on changing the broader image of the city. Based on the results, proposals and guidelines for future transformations of urban riverfronts will be given at the end of the paper.

U teorijskim razmatranjima i urbanom dizajnu, bezbednost je preduslov za životnost i intenzivno korišćenje otvorenog javnog prostora. Težište ovog rada predstavlja bezbednost sa aspekta korisnika prostora odnosno osećaj lične bezbednosti. Koncept prevencije kriminala kroz dizajn okruženja (CPTED) nudi mnogobrojna rešenja za sigurnost i bezbednost korisnika u javnom prostoru, ali otvara se pitanje njegove primene, posebno u kontekstu nepredviđenih situacija kao što su globalna pandemija ili drugi savremeni fenomeni. Potrebno je raditi na njegovoj rekonceptualizaciji u budućnosti. Metodologija ovog rada zasniva se na metodologiji prethodnih istraživanja novobeogradskog bloka 21 iz 2017. i 2013. godine, odnosno na sprovođenju metoda struktuiranih anketa i intervjua i obradi prikupljenih podataka u cilju stručne opservacije i analize postojećeg stanja. Nova anketa sprovedena je ove godine, tako da još jedan važan segment rada jeste uporedna analiza rezultata iz 2013, 2017. i 2022. godine. Cilj rada je ispitati da li je urbana bezbednost otvorenih javnih prostora u bloku 21 poboljšana ili pogoršana u periodu od 2013. godine do danas. Rad polazi od pretpostavke da je pandemija covid-19 uticala na promene u korišćenju otvorenih javnih prostora novobeogradskog bloka, kao i na povećanje svesti o aspektima značaja otvorenog javnog prostora i njegove bezbednosti. Rezultati bi trebalo da pokažu koji prostorni elementi bloka najviše utiču na aspekt bezbednosti u korišćenju prostora, kao i koji su uticali na promenu svesti u vreme pandemije.

One of the main specificities of European cities is the richness in cultural heritage and historic layers. This advantage has been profoundly used to develop many of them into high-class destinations for cultural tourists. However, this process has been differently reflected across the continent. This is very evident in traditionally more isolated Southern Eastern Europe, which is discovering this potential right now. Hence, cities in this region need viable and efficient tools to accelerate it and catch a step with the other European regions. Urban regeneration is one of the most convenient tools for the cities with rich and dispersed cultural heritage and historic fabric. It is a particularly useful tool in open public spaces, as they proactively affect nearby environment. Therefore, the urban regeneration of open public spaces can both (re) design crucial places in the city structure and network them to have a broad impact on the entire city. The aim of this research is to examine the previous statement in the City of Smederevo in Central Serbia. Cultural heritage in Smederevo is abundant and the city is ideally positioned at the Danube, an arising tourist route. Nevertheless, these potentials have not been adequately utilised to transform the city into a new cultural tourism destination. The research intends to identify the main open public spaces in Smederevo and propose new solutions for their redesign and networking. This is implemented in accordance with the theoretical fundamentals of urban regeneration and current assessment of the city historic core. The final intentions of the research are to present the variety of possible ways to use urban regeneration as a medium for socio-economic redevelopment of Smederevo, in favour of both local population and prospective tourists.

Razvoj teorijske prakse u pogledu identiteta i diverziteta gradova (Lynch, Schulz), odnosno javnih prostora i njihovog uređenja, pokrenuo je novu sferu istraživanja načina na koji različite grupe korisnika doživljavaju ili upotrebljavaju urbani proctor (Kalen, 2007; Danilović, 2010). Bezbednost je jedan od ključnih faktora kvaliteta otvorenih gradskih prostora koji doprinosi njegovoj životnosti i intenzivnom korišćenju (Hillier, 2004). Pored atraktivnog izgleda za život i rad, vitalnosti i životnosti, neophodno je da ovi prostori budu oslobođeni od kriminala i straha, kako bi ih korisnici aktivno, nesmetano i rado koristili (Studija o bezbednosti javnih gradskih prostora u Beogradu: „Sigurniji javni prostor“). Bezbednost zajednice podrazumeva zaštitu ljudi i dobara od svake vrste pretnje i štete, a pozitivni rezultati prevencije kriminala predstavljaju važan aspekt kvaliteta urbanog života svakog gradskog tkiva koje téži održivosti (Danilović, 2010). Međunarodni centar za prevenciju kriminala (The International Centre for the Prevention of Crime) i Svetska zdravstvena organizacija (World Health Organization) bezbednost zajednice posmatraju kao javno dobro. Savremeni urbanistički koncepti, kao i naučnoistraživačka praksa u oblasti urbanizma i planiranja sve više ističu značaj urbane bezbednosti, odnosno sigurnosti korisnikâ. Tema bezbednosti javnih urbanih prostora aktuelna je na globalnom i lokalnom nivou, a lični osećaj bezbednosti nalazi se na samom vrhu liste zahteva kada je reč o proceni kvaliteta života građana i konkurentnosti među gradovima. Ovaj rad se bavi istraživanjem upravo različitih aspekata urbane bezbednosti na lokalnom nivou, kroz ispitivanje subjektivnog osećaja korisnika i njihove percepcije prostornih elemenata koji utiču na opštu sigurnost. Cilj rada jeste da obezbedi predlog smernica za transformaciju, unapređenje i revitalizaciju otvorenih javnih prostora radi unapređenja opšteg nivoa urbane bezbednosti i stvaranja prostora atraktivnih za živo, The development of research practice regarding the identity and diversity of cities (Lynch, Schulz), as well as urban design of open public spaces has initiated a new sphere of research regarding the topic of urban safety (Kalen, 2007, Danilović, 2010). Safety is a key factor in the quality of city’s outdoors that contributes to its vitality and intensive use (Hillier, 2004). In addition to the urban design and attractiveness of open spaces, it is essential for these areas to be free from crime and fear, in order to ensure active, free and joyful life for its citizens (Study on the safety of urban public space in Belgrade: “Safer public space”). Safety of a community includes the protection of people and goods from any kind of threats and damage, while positive results of crime prevention represent an important aspect of the quality of urban life and sustainable development of city or local community (Danilović, 2010). The International Centre for the Prevention of Crime and World Health Organization regard safety as a public good. The personal sense of safety and well-being is at the top of the priority list when it comes to evaluation of the quality of life and competitiveness among cities. This paper analyses the different aspects of urban safety at the local level, through testing subjective feeling of users and their perception of spatial elements, which affect the general security. The objective of this paper is to provide proposal for the transformation, improvement and revitalization of open public spaces in order to improve the general level of urban safety and to form attractive areas for living. Increasing the security, mobility and safety of public space is certainly an imperative of a modern society, according to the concept of crime prevention (CPTED – Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). A sense of personal safety can be defined as the existence of security in everyday life. (Danilović, 2010, Kyttä, M., Kuoppa, J., Hirvonen, J., Ahmadi, E.

Nowadays, many European, American, and Australian cities are faced with the problem of shrinkage, manifested through demographic decline, economic loss and perforation of urban tissue. In the face of the shrinkage process, there are many challenges that cities and planning faced with. This paper presents „greening“ as a new approach for urban renewal of shrinking cities. Through the review of the greening models implemented in developed countries, the paper examines "greening", understood as a tool for the improvement of the quality of built, natural, and living environment, i.e. an opportunity for qualitative changes within these retired cities regarding their chances of recovery and success. Lessons learned from these examples offer guidelines and recommendations for the reframing of urban planning in the context of Balkan shrinking cities.

Aligning urban planning and architectural design into mechanical production branches, as well as acting in the same way, leads to certain problems that mostly affect humans as primary users of every urban space. Elements which form cities are often a product of inadequate mode of thinking and interpreting of urban-architectural code. Turning off the real principles that underlie human life and existence of its natural environment, implies the creation of inadequate conditions and spaces with low “lifeness” and usability. Lack of “lifeness” in public spaces is reflected in features such as unattractiveness and inaccessibility, but also in the way of their using (major absence of user retention, usage only in necessary situations etc). Key to regeneration and further development of urban and architectural activities is echoed in enabling more quality and intense communication between space and users. By identifying and studying parameters the non-technical idea is based on, and through detection of established relations between them, it is possible to obtain relevant information and response to prevailing problem of current mechanical way of understanding nature, but also creating urban spaces which do not correspond to essence of people. Accordingly, the main idea of this paper is to present a new scientific andresearch approach, based on the integration and overlapping knowledge from completely different areas of science and everyday life. Non-mechanical approach is based on seven basic parameters, such as: attractors, fractals, iteration, algorithms, organized complexity, networking and manifest patterns. Recognition of each of these parameters in nature and structure of the human body, is kind of confirmation that their application in urban and architectural domain could bring a wide range of positive characteristics. So, it will be easier to overcome and solve the problems that arise as an outcome of the mechanical perception of nature and corresponding actions i

Identity is a feature that helps us distinguish one space from the other (Arthur & Passini, 1992: 87). When it comes to identity of a city it is defined through the character of the space, specific spatial attributes and ambient (Lawson, 2001). Identity of European post-socialist cities, especially timeworn urban city centres underwent huge transformation during the last century. Neglecting of buildings and open public space accompanied with a shift from traditional to modern lifestyle and construction methods lead to complete or partial devastation of old city centres. During the last couple of decades, due to new paradigms in urban planning and design, these areas are under a process of urban renewal, redevelopment or reconstruction. This situation happened in Savamala district, which is located in the centre of Belgrade urban city core, near the Sava riverfront. From the oldest part of the town to the urban hub that it is today, Savamala district underwent complete transformation of identity. Due to a small-scale “bottom up” participatory urban design projects the location of Savamala neighbourhood now represent one of the most important landmarks in Belgrade (Cvetanović et al., 2016), and the crucial element of identity of the city. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the transformation process of the Savamala district, with the focus on redefining and evaluating the identity of this specific area today. Methodology used in this paper is based on case study research, through content analysis and expert observation methods. The paper includes an overview of the primary sources, from the General plan of Belgrade, originating from 1923, which provided the expansion of the Savamala district and descent of Belgrade to the river. Also, multi-criteria network based on user perspective and background research was implemented and used for identity evaluation. Today, when the question of Savamala reconstruction is a debated and controversial topic, it is of gr

The socialist and the post-socialist paradigms of urban development are usually described by scholars as radically opposing. However, the cities in the socialist ex-Yugoslavia (1945-1992) present a different development model, defined by the unique position of the country during the Cold War. Balancing between two main ideological blocs, ex-Yugoslavia adopted the values of the non-aligned movement, simultaneously acting as a stage for the cooperation and exchange of professionals. The distinctive combination of socialist and market-driven elements reflected in urban policies, introducing an innovative approach of local decentralization, unprecedented in the communist and socialist world. The evolution of locally based urban policies was especially favourable for the cities with preserved elements of self-government, inherited from previous periods. The cities presented in this article (Panevo, Sremska Mitrovica, Zrenjanin and Kikinda) follow this pattern due to the Habsburg legacy of strong local governance. Situated in the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, these four small cities used the benefits of locally modified urban policies creating a balance between Modernist interventions, implemented during socialism, and the protection of the general outline of their refined historic cores. Considering these specificities and their impact on the urban continuum, this article will use the selected examples and their planning practice for highlighting a new perspective on the urban development manifested before, during and after the period of Yugoslav socialism.

The subject of the chapter is the transformation of the urban matrix in the Northern Serbian province of Vojvodina. Being placed at the crossroads of important trans- European corridors, this territory in Southern Pannonia has always been exposed to various influences and shifts of power, which have left a significant mark on their urban matrix. The most prominent period was certainly Habsburgs' rule in Southern Pannonia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which radically reshaped inherited organic medieval-oriental matrix into planned, orthogonal regulation. This, Habsburg legacy has influenced the urban development of these towns until today. The aim of this chapter is to present the outcome of Habsburg urban regulation and accompanied orthogonal imprint in four towns, selected as case studies. The previous periods, as well as the recent challenges, are also considered. In the conclusion, the uniqueness and identity of these towns is discussed, regarding the morphing and transformations of their urban patterns during the selected periods.

Revitalization of urban streams is becoming an increasingly prominent topic in Serbia mainly because of the apparent problems with the urban streams – floods, pollution, and neglect of surrounding areas. A number of projects advocating contemporary approach to revitalization of river beds, riparian areas and surrounding zones were proposed but were not entirely successful. While the expert community is well aware of the problems regarding the urban streams, citizens know very little about it or about the opportunity to turn the streams once thought as a problem into attractive and valuable urban spaces. Therefore, in order to achieve broad citizen participation that is necessary to successfully implement projects of urban stream revitalization, the public needs to be educated and informed about the importance of the streams. Such projects can have many benefits for city life, not only ecological but also social and economic. Promoting the benefits is a good way to gain the interest of the public. However, exactly what benefits are brought to forefront depends on the project, context, local culture, and target groups. This paper will explore how much are citizens of Belgrade informed about its urban streams. Are they aware of the role and potential benefits of the streams? We will discuss which of the benefits should be emphasized and promoted most in order to achieve the broadest participation of citizens in the projects concerning the revitalization of Belgrade’s urban streams.

Дисертација се бави испитивањем утицаја тржних центара на квалитет урбаног окружења. Уочено је да потрошња у савременим условима утиче на формирање и обликовање града, услед чега је улога трговинског простора значајна за квалитет непосредног урбаног окружења. У раду се као репрезент савремених трговинских простора разматра тржни центар, који постаје један од покретача промене и развоја урбаног окружења. Компресовање и интензивирање функција јавног простора и смештање свих потребних садржаја под један кров доводи до трансформације постојеће изграђене структуре подручја у који се тржни центар лоцира. Претпоставка је да позиционирање и обликовање тржног центра утиче на развој, квалитет и интензитет коришћења простора, унапређење, а у неким случајевима и деградацију урбаног окружења. Утицај тржних центара на урбано окружење je одређен не само у зависности од појединачних елемената компоновања, њиховог положаја, физичко-функционалних карактеристика, већ и степена интеграције у урбано подручје. Истраживање је утврдило неоспоран утицај карактеристика ових објеката на квалитет урбаног окружења, те је сврха истраживања повећање знања и разумевања утицаја тржног центра у развоју и квалитету урбаног окружења. У овом истраживању је спроведена свеобухватна анализа о тржним центрима ради формирања елемената за вредновање утицаја тржних центара на функционално-физичку структуру урбаног подручја на примеру Београда, са освртом на друштвене и симболичке вредности тих простора. Циљ формирања модела за евалуацију је детерминисање какав тржни центар у смислу физичке и функционалне структуре остварује позитиван утицај у одређеном подручју. Преко модела за евалуацију су формиране препоруке за просторно-физичко обликовање и физичко-функционално уклапање у урбано окружење., The dissertation analyses the impact of shopping centres on the quality of urban environment. It has been observed that consumption in contemporary conditions influences the urban design of the city. That makes the role of trading space important for the quality of the immediate urban environment. This thesis analyses the shopping centre as a representative of modern trading spaces, which becomes one of the drivers of urban change and development. Compression and intensification of the functions of the public space with all necessary amenities under one roof leads to the transformation of the existing built structure of the urban area where the shopping centre is located. The assumption is that the location and design of the shopping centre affects the urban development, quality and intensity of space usage and leads to improvement or in some cases even degradation of the urban space. The impact of shopping centre on the urban environment is specified not only on the individual elements of their location and physical and functional characteristics, but also on the degree of integration into the urban area. The research has identified the undeniable impact of these facilities on the quality of the urban environment. The purpose of this research is to increase the comprehension of the impact of the shopping centre in the urban development and quality of the urban environment. A comprehensive analysis of shopping malls was conducted in this research to form elements for evaluating the impact of shopping malls on the physical and functional structure of an urban area in Belgrade, with reference to the social and symbolic values of those spaces. The goal of forming an evaluation model is to determine what kind of shopping mall, in terms of functional and physical structure, has a positive impact on a certain location. Recommendations for spatio-physical design and physical and functional integration into the urban environment have been formed through the evaluation model

У предметној докторској дисертацији намера је да се сагледају потенцијали и могућности ангажовања отворених простора уз објекте културе Новог Сада и да се утврди интензитет утицаја продужене функције објекта на његово функционисање у програмском и социјалном смислу, као и утицај на урбани квалитет свог окружења. Планирано је истраживање постојећег стања оваквих простора у Новом Саду и дефинисање релевантних фактора за њихово ангажовање, валоризовање, класификовање и формирање типологија са циљем њихове употребе и примене за даља истраживања и трансформације., U predmetnoj doktorskoj disertaciji namera je da se sagledaju potencijali i mogućnosti angažovanja otvorenih prostora uz objekte kulture Novog Sada i da se utvrdi intenzitet uticaja produžene funkcije objekta na njegovo funkcionisanje u programskom i socijalnom smislu, kao i uticaj na urbani kvalitet svog okruženja. Planirano je istraživanje postojećeg stanja ovakvih prostora u Novom Sadu i definisanje relevantnih faktora za njihovo angažovanje, valorizovanje, klasifikovanje i formiranje tipologija sa ciljem njihove upotrebe i primene za dalja istraživanja i transformacije., In dissertation the intention is to look at the potentials and possibilities of engaging open spaces with cultural facilities in Novi Sad and to determine the intensity of the impact of the extended function of the facility on its functioning in program in social terms, as well as the impact on urban quality. It is planned to research the current state of such spaces in Novi Sad and define relevant factors for their engagement, valorization, classification and formation of typologies with the aim of their use and application for further research and transformation.

U disertaciji su prikazane karakteristike i uticajni faktori koji oblikuju, uspostavljaju i transformišu značajna mesta u gradovima koja okupljaju velki broj ljudi i predstavljaju referencu fizičke strukture. Kroz interdisciplinarni pristup analizi reperno-žižnih tačaka u gradovima, formirane su kauzalne veze uspostavljene usled dominantnog uticaja velikog broja arhitektonskih, urbanističkih, socioloških, ekonomskih, psiholoških, kulturnih i drugih aspekata. Naučni doprinos ovog rada pruža uvid u značaj i neophodnost očuvanja, transformacije i unapređenja postojećih mesta u naseljima, ali i potrebu za formiranjem i uvođenjem novih reperno-žižnih mesta. Svi rezultati prikazani u istraživanju predstavljaju teorijsku, numeričku i metodološku platformu za dalja planiranja i promišljanja o gradu., The dissertation presents the characteristics and influential factors that shape, establish and transform significant places in cities that gather large numbers of people and which are a reference of physical city structure. Through an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of landmark-focal points in cities, causal relationships have been formed due to the dominant influence of a large number of architectural, urban, sociological, economic, psychological, cultural and other aspects. The scientific contribution of this paper provides insight into the importance and necessity of preserving, transforming and improving existing places in settlements, as well as the need for the formation and introduction of new landmark-focal pionts. All the results presented in the research represent a theoretical, numerical and methodological platform for further planning and reflections on the city.

Despite the fact that urban redevelopment is not a novelty at international level, it is still an emerging phenomenon in post-socialist Europe. Accompanied by the reestablishment of capitalist economy here, the projects of urban redevelopment have brought both advantages and disadvantages to this region. In the case of Serbia, more turbulent post-socialist transformation of the country has been distinctively reflected through urban redevelopment. Th is process is the best evident in its capital, Belgrade. Here more has happened in the areas which have not been in professional focus for urban redevelopment. In contrast, some well-known and historically valuable areas, such as Kosančićev venac area, have not witnessed it, despite the official and professional intention to redevelop them. There have been many arguments why this process has omitted Kosančićev venac. Most of them are related to the poor state of the finances. However, problem with finances usually “covers” the other ones. Th en, one of them is certainly urban security, i.e. human security in open public spaces, which is emerging as a task for any action in urban space today. Knowing that it is still underdeveloped professional topic locally, the aim of this research is urban security as a problem causing the lack of urban redevelopment in Kosančićev venac. The research is based on the survey conducted in this area. Therefore, the results of this survey are crucial to understanding the role of urban security in the urban (re)development of Kosančićev venac and how the security issue can be improved to enable it.

The relation of the urban form and urban life is perceived as a critical aspect of the image, quality of place and sustainability in the contemporary globalized world. The focus of the paper is on the typo morphological profile of mega blocks in New Belgrade. Drawing from theoretical thoughts of various scholars of typo morphology and the ideas of the modern movement interpreted trough the Serbian planning and design practice, the article raises the questions about the relation of society and space in terms of urban form and urban life. The aim of the paper was developing of a typology that includes the spatial and temporal contextualization, using the space syntax model as an integral part of typo morphological studies in contemporary research practice. The synthesis of typo morphological research and space syntax model can provide the platform for better understanding of the existing built environment and social processes, but at the same time, could create starting point for further improvement and development of the urban periphery. The results of the paper are in providing appropriate strategies and rules for urban transformation and urban design of mega blocks to secure high quality of urban form and urban life.

In this paper shopping malls are considered as a representative of modern consumer spaces and observed as places of interaction between the surrounding environment and the stakeholders, as well as places of their mutual indoor interaction. The idea of a shopping centre is the idea of compressing and intensifying a public space by placing all the necessary facilities under one roof. In this way, by providing access to all the necessary facilities, the need of the shopper to return to everyday life is lessened, shopping becomes a recreational activity and the shopping mall becomes a shelter. The aim of this paper is to compare the preferences consumers have towards shopping malls and public spaces, by determining consumers' opinion on the (dis) advantages of the shopping malls over features of a city centre. The basic goal of the research is to improve the knowledge and experiences in an architectural research through exploring of the mutual relations between the user, architecture and the space. The paper aims to analyse the relationship between architectural creativity and broader socio­cultural changes caused by the commercialization of a modern city., U radu se kao reprezent savremenih potrošačkih prostora razmatra tržni centar. Potrošački prostor posmatran je kao mesto interakcija između okruženja i aktera, te aktera međusobno. Ideja tržnog centra je kompresovanje i intenziviranje javnog prostora smeštanjem svih potrebnih sadržaja pod jedan krov. Na taj način, umanjuje se potreba kupca da se vrati svakodnevnom životu, kupovina postaje njegova rekreativna aktivnost, a tržni centar sigurno pribežište. Predmet rada je istraživanje stavova korisnika prema otvorenim javnim gradskim prostorima i tržnim centrima, kao i poređenje njihovih kvaliteta i nedostataka. Osnovni cilj je unapređenje znanja i iskustva u istraživačkom i projektanskom pogledu kroz istraživanje odnosa između korisnika, arhitekture i prostora. Zadatak je da se analiziraju relacije između arhitektonskog stvaralaštva i širih sociološko­kulturoloških promena izazvanih komercijalizacijom savremenog grada - konkretno, projektantski koncept formiranja komercijalnih (prevashodno trgovačkih) prostora i uticaja koje oni imaju prema širem gradskom (fizičkom i socijalnom) kontekstu i korišćenju.

The initial purpose of this research was to understand the basic patterns of urban shrinkage in Serbia. Urban shrinkage, a common phenomenon in post-socialist countries, is a novelty, albeit very present in Serbia today. Despite presenting a huge challenge for the future of the country, it has not been studied sufficiently at any level. To understand this situation, the first "task" would certainly be to identify which cities in Serbia can be considered as shrinking in a local context. The research will focus on this issue through the development of four models of shrinking cities in Serbia according to globally based factors of urban shrinkage. The aim of the paper is to clarify the potential of their use and to explore the possible locally-based factors of urban shrinkage.

Industrial heritage sites that have lost their original function represent significant and valuable cultural heritage which is a part of the urban memory and material evidence of the past, with whose decay a city is losing a part of its history. This paper deals with the problem of preserving identity of industrial heritage sites in the process of sustainable urban regeneration. More precisely, paper deals with the problem of preserving tangible as well as intangible attributes of industrial heritage identity within a context of contemporary projects of urban regeneration. The significance of this problem lies within the contradiction between the industrial heritage sites as places intended for new urban functions in accordance with strategies of contemporary urban development and the industrial heritage sites as places with the inherited spatial, functional and cultural values important to the community. Therefore, the main planning task of sustainable regeneration is finding the balance between preservation and change of industrial heritage sites. In planning practice these changes are most often driven by economic and environmental interests, while cultural values as active components of material culture and urban memory of citizens are neglected. On the other hand, this problem arises from the ambiguous notion of industrial heritage identity, as well as from the lack of appropriate planning tools for identifying and analysing identity attributes that are valuable to preserve. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the complexity of identity of industrial heritage stemming from the various tangible as well as intangible values of cultural heritage. The paper advocates for using the concept of place as a framework for identifying and investigating identity attributes of industrial heritage sites which contribute to decision making in the initial phase of planning process. The planning treatment of industrial heritage identity in the process of riverfronts r

Recent studies indicate that every outdoor physical activity has positive effect on the public health and well-being of individuals improving their quality of life. This research explores relationships between the use of emerging M-health applications and public health, level of physical activity, and everyday urban life of citizens. The growth in wireless subscriptions, which has reached over 6 billion wireless subscribers in the world, has favoured the mobile health (ITU "Measuring the Information Society" 2012). The research questione in this paper is: Does the use of m-health apps have a positive influence on increasing sport and recreation activities in open public spaces in Belgrade. The methodology is based on extensive literature review and critical analysis of existing theoretical researches. Quantitative as well as qualitative data presented in this paper is obtained by using the methods of interviews and questionnaire conducted with selected stakeholders from Belgrade. The results of the research are showing habits, and level of physical activity, recreation preferences and habits of citizens in Belgrade, with the special focus on the manner, degree and frequency of use of the M-health applications, regarding their impact on potential changes in recreational habits of users in urban open space in Belgrade.

Докторска дисертација се бави проблемима примене кулутурних и креативних политика и могућностима да ове политике буду основ урбане обнове малих општина. Политике урбо-економског развоја градова и насеља, заснованог на култури и креативности су постале широко прихваћене, али се често некритички примењују. Ове политике препознајемо у концептима културних, креативних градова, културних и креативних индустрија, културних и креативних кластера и културног и креативног туризма. Уобичајно се повезују са великим градовима, али су све заступљеније у развоју мањих градова и насеља; како мањи градови и насеља немају уобичајне ресурсе културних и креативних политика, истраживања упућују да су у овим случајевима погодни модели усмерени на развој туризма, заснованог на локалним одликама и специфичној, „ниша“ понуди. Полазна претпоставка је да културне и креативне политике, засноване на концепту кластера, могу да буду основ урбане обнове мањих насеља. Ово је посебно битно у контексту Србије, демографских и економских проблема малих насеља и разматрања могућности примене ових политика у урбаној обнови. Друга претпоставка је да се методе и модели културних и креативних политика могу повезати са просторним, културолошким, социјалним одликама и одликама људског ресурса и да се на основу тога може дефинисати политика која одговара локалним условима. У овом контексту, као репрезентативни пример изабрана је општина Голубац, због одлика општине и пројеката који су се реализовали или је у току њихова реализација. Истраживање је спроведено применом неколико научних метода, које се примењују у области урбанизма. Општи научни метод је аналитичко-синтетички, критичке анализе садржаја, логичке аргументације, дедуктивни метод и метод студије случаја. Први део истраживања је обухватио увид у теоријска разматрања културних и креативних политика, од њиховог настанка, дефиниција, примене појмова, феномена развоја градова који их прате и сродних концепта; приказани су позитивни и негативни резултати, The doctoral dissertation treats issues of implementation of cultural and creative policies, and possibilities for such policies to be the base of urban regeneration of small municipalities. Urban-economic development policies of towns and settlements based on culture and creativity have become widely accepted, but they are frequently uncritically implemented. These policies may be recognized in concepts of cultural, creative city, cultural and creative industries, cultural and creative clusters, and cultural and creative tourism. They are usually connected to larger towns, but also increasingly occur in development of smaller towns and settlements; as smaller towns and settlements do not have usual cultural and creative policy resources, researches point to the fact that in such cases eligible models are based on development of tourism, based on local features, and a specific, “niche” offer. The starting assumption is that cultural and creative policies, based on the concept of clusters, may be the base of urban regeneration of smaller settlements. This is especially important in the context of Serbia, demographic and economic issues of small settlements and deliberation of implementation of such policies in urban regeneration. The second assumption is that methods and models of cultural and creative policies may be connected to spatial, cultural, and social characteristics, as well as characteristics of human resources, and that based on these it is possible to define the policy which corresponds to local conditions. In this context, the municipality of Golubac was selected as a representative example, due to the characteristics of the municipality and the projects which have been or are being implemented in it. The research was conducted by application of several scientific methods, applied in the area of town planning. The general scientific method employed was analyticalsynthetic, with critical content analysis, logical arguments, deductive method, and case stu

In 1964, Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki presented the need for investigation in housing collective form. The need was explained through his sensitivity towards the dynamic change of society and simultaneous inadequacy of architectural static and fragmented respond. This paper presents the contemporary view on the theory of collective form and its investigation into why and how the group of buildings stands together. It brings forward the need for renewed architectural focus on group form, one of Maki's collective form types, and the social and human reasoning of design decisions. The theory of linkages in group form is related to more recent socio-spatial analytical theories and interpreted as an analytical tool for understanding housing morphologies, configurations, and its social capacity of group form. It is proposed that the morphological and configurational approach can be used in combination for reading and understanding the historical and contemporary housing ensembles and their relation to an urban whole. The aim of the theoretical research is the identification of the analytical framework and design principles of group form based on architectural and configurational elements and their relations, as socially and culturally relevant.

The text explores potentials of use of mixed reality in urban design, specifically in public open space design. Research presents the model that uses mixed reality environment, not solely as part of a process of computer aided design, but also as architecture design result or architecture itself. Model describes the design process of mixed reality open public space, a space in which user's perception is artificially modified so the user can see and use both real and virtual environments. Mixed reality open public space can dynamically change appearance of its spatial elements and allow open public space to be the product of user centred design. Such spaces are made to be used in a way users wish or need to employ them instead of making users change their behaviour in order to adjust to them.

In the first part of the chapter analyzed the legal and institutional context in the field of environment, spatial and urban planning and constructions in Serbia and its relation to the cultural heritage. The interest in the field of cultural heritage has long history – from early 19th century, but the modern approach to the cultural heritage protection is developed after the WWII. The protection of cultural and natural heritage is based on the Venice Charter (1964) and international conventions and recommendations, adopted in the late twentieth century and in more recent times. As the one of the most important international documents for future protection and improvement of cultural heritage today in Serbia is implemented the Council of Europe Faro Convention (2005), which offers ways to help the national, regional or local authorities and the civil society in general to establish an integrated approach to the preservation of cultural heritage as a basic element for future sustainable development. Sustainable planning and management of settlements are in the competence of the central and local authorities, and regulated by The Law on Planning and Construction (2009) and The Spatial plan of the Republic of Serbia (2010). The second part of chapter elaborate the recent actions and efforts in regeneration of rural heritage areas, as part of the overall economic and social development, based on an integration of rural areas into regional and urban planning processes, as well as economic, social and cultural policies. According the international methodology established by Council of Europe during the realization of The Regional Program by Cultural and Natural Heritage in South East Europe the Local Development Pilot Project Resava-Mlava were implemented on the territory of Municipalities Despotovac and Žagubica. The methodology which was used in the project involves the inclusion of local inhabitants in the form of various workshops. Among others institutions, in the re

Paper represents the analysis of the change in the outdoor comfort during the summer days of open public space of the main square in Leskovac. The analysis covers the present state, two rewarded design proposals at urban design competition and proposal resulting from the evaluation of these solutions. The article focuses on the thermal comfort in outdoor space as a one of indicators in competitions of urban design, considering the fact that the re-design of public spaces often has a negative consequences of decisions made during the competitions. Following the thesis that successful public spaces should be responsive to the needs of their users, the paper considers the thermal comfort as the main quality of open public space. Analysis of microclimate could help designers to create comfortable urban place, which could attract vast number of users throughout the year, especially during hot summer periods. The aim of this paper is to highlight the complexity of the relationship between microclimate comfort in public open spaces and urban design, especially interventions such as implementation of the greenery and new surface materialization in order to emphasize the importance that this relationship has to be taken into account in urban design competitions.

Novija istraživanja ukazuju da svaka fizička aktivnost na otvorenom prostoru utiče pozitivno na zdravlje, dobro stanje individue i kvalitet života građana. Rad istražuje meru uspostavljene relacije između sve više pristunih aplikacija za mobilno zdravlje, tzv. M-health aplikacija, koje su u funkciji kontrolisanja zdravlja i nivoa fizičke aktivnosti svakodnevnog urbanog života ljudi. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja o odnosu između M-health aplikacija i kvaliteta života građana korisnika otvorenih gradskih prostora, te je data analiza rezultata intervjua i anketiranja korisnika aplikacija za kontrolisanje fizičke aktivnosti u Banjaluci i Beogradu.