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Background/purpose: Residual calcium hydroxide (CH) in the root canal dentine walls may influence the adhesion of tricalcium silicate-based materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of various CH removal protocols on the dislodgement resistance of biodentine from simulated immature root canals in an experimental apexification model. Materials and methods: CH was applied to 120 simulated immature root canals. The samples were divided into 12 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the applied irrigation protocols used for the removal of CH: Group 1: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Conventional needle irrigation (CNI); Group 2: NaOCl, EndoActivator; Group 3: NaOCl, XP-endo Finisher; Group 4: NaOCl- Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), CNI; Group 5: NaOCl-EDTA, EndoActivator; Group 6: NaOCl-EDTA, XP-Endo Finisher; Group 7: NaOCl+etidronic acid (HEBP), CNI; Group 8: NaOCl+HEBP, EndoActivator; Group 9: NaOCl+HEBP, XP-endo Finisher; Group 10: NaOCl- Peracetic acid (PAA), CNI; Group 11: NaOCl-PAA, EndoActivator; Group 12: NaOCl-PAA, XP-endo Finisher; Control Group: CH was not applied. Biodentine was placed at the apical thirds of 130 immature root canals. Vertical loading was applied to biodentine fillings inside the dentin discs. Maximum force to dislodge the material was statistically analyzed with ANOVA. Results: The control, NaOCl+HEBP (CNI, EndoActivator, XP-endo Finisher) and NaOCl-PAA (EndoActivator, XP-endo Finisher) groups exhibited the lowest dislodgement resistance values (p < 0.001). When used CNI, irrigation with NaOCl+HEBP resulted in lower resistance to dislodgement of biodentine compared to NaOCl, and NaOCl-EDTA (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Adhesion of apical barrier materials to root canal dentine can be influenced by the irrigation protocols used for CH removal. © 2020 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China The authors thank to Prof. Dr. B?lent Celik for his help in the statistical analysis. No funding used for this study.

Objectives This study aimed to determine the knowledge and approaches of the participants about oral and dental health. Materials and Methods This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey. Participants’ demographic characteristics, tooth brushing habits, selection of toothpaste, and reasons for visiting the dentist were examined in this study. Participants’ knowledge levels of fluoride and their attitudes toward the most common fluoride applications among preventive treatments were also evaluated. Data entry and analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive and inferential statistics and chi-square test were used for analyzes. Results A total of 2,744 voluntary participants including 1,938 (70.6%) females and 806 (29.4%) males responded; 1,391 (50.7%) participants know the contents of their toothpaste; 1,680 (61.2%) participants point out that fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries. Female participants reported a statistically significant difference in their knowledge of what is fluoride when compared with male participants (p = 0.0001). The knowledge level of participants who had higher levels of education were statistically significantly different when compared with the participants who had lower education levels about fluoride and fluoride applications (p = 0.0001). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that participants’ attitudes toward oral health and dental care need to be improved.

This study evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes of single-visit root canal treatments with apical enlargement on patients with necrotic pulp tissue retrospectively. A total of 137 teeth with necrotic pulp tissue which underwent single-visit root canal treatments were included. The root canals were shaped up until the apical constriction, which was determined by an apex locator. The outcomes were evaluated by two independent and calibrated endodontists clinically and radiographically. Teeth were dichotomized into healed ( PAI ≤ 2 , no signs or symptoms) and nonhealed ( PAI > 2 , with/without signs or symptoms) groups. Each patients’ preoperative PAI and lesion size were recorded to evaluate the preoperative periapical status as well as several other prognostic factors. Statistical analyses were performed ( p = 0.05 ) on ninety teeth. The mean observation time was 60 months. Out of ninety teeth, 87 (96.7%) were healed and 3 (3.3%) were nonhealed. No correlations were found between the prognostic factors and the outcomes ( p > 0.05 ). Cohen’s kappa and Gwet’s agreement coefficient scores between the preoperative PAI scores and preoperative lesion sizes showed good agreements, with values of 0.834 and 0.898, respectively. Apical enlargement is a viable treatment option for single-visit root canal treatments.

Background/purpose: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play a crucial role in the tis-sue healing process through odontoblast like cell differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and compare the potential invitro cytotoxic effects of NeoMTA Plus, ProRootMTA and Biodentine on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Materials and methods: To assess the effects of NeoMTA Plus, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine ex-tracts at 1st, 3rd and 7th d on hDPCs, cell populations was determined by flow cytometry using an Annexin V detection kit. The data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: All groups showed cell viability similar to that of the control group on 1st, 3rd and 7th d. Although Biodentine exhibited higher cell viability rates than the other material groups, no statistically significant differences were noted between the sampled days (p > 0.05). Conclusion: All materials extracts are not cytotoxic and do not induce apoptosis in the hDPSCs. These results suggest that all the tested materials can lead to positive outcomes when used as reparative biomaterials. (c) 2020 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

GECKILI, ONUR/0000-0002-7852-3915; dayan, suleyman cagatay/0000-0003-3081-9618; Bilhan, Hakan/0000-0003-1787-3003 WOS:000460131200015 PubMed ID: 30818319 Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicians' experience on maintaining the primary stability of implants with aggressive threads belonging to a novel dental implant system. Material and Methods: Three hundred implants with aggressive threads were inserted in fresh bovine ribs mimicking Type IV bone by five clinicians which were classified according to their previous experience of total number of implant insertion. An independent examiner measured the primary stability of all implants after insertion by using resonance frequency analysis (RFA), electronic percussive testing (EPT) and removal torque methods. Results: No significant differences were detected between the stability values measured by the clinicians (p> 0.05) except the Periotest values (PTVs) of the non-experienced clinician. PTVs of the non-experienced clinician were significantly higher than the PTVs of the expert and good clinicians (p 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this ex-vivo study, it may be concluded that experience does not play an important role in maintaining the stability of implants with aggressive threads.

Introduction: Migraine and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are both common diseases and TMD are reported as a risk factor in migraine progression. OnabotulinumtoxinA is used in the treatment of chronic migraine (CM), and also has a potential role in TMD treatment. in this study, it is aimed to compare the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in CM patients with and without TMD. Methods: in this retrospective study, 30 CM patients (age range: 18–65 years), satisfying the inclusion and follow-up criteria in their medical records were investigated. the PREEMPT injection protocol was taken as reference and onabotulinumtoxinA 155–195 U with fixed-dose has been administered into 31 specific sites within the head/neck muscles in included subjects. Two cycles of treatment were assessed in all patients at the baseline and 12 weeks later. the headache diaries, which were completed routinely one month before, and during 6 months followup after the treatment, were assessed. the effect of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment was compared between CM patients with and without TMD/ bruxism. Results: of 30 female patients, 17 had concomitant TMD. in week 24, there were significant improvement in the groups with and without TMD regarding to the mean change of frequencies in the days with migraine compared to the initial findings (p