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Objectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) faces functional and physical limitations and often needs the help of others at certain times in their lives. Patients and caregivers can affect each other psychologically, physically, and socially. This study aims to examine the relationship between the demographic and clinical characteristics of COPD patients and the quality of life and burden of care of caregivers. Methods: The study was carried out with 250 COPD patients who applied to the chest diseases hospital and their caregivers. Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale (HADS), The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) scales were applied to the patients. Results: The patients’ gender, age, regular drug use, non-invasive mechanical ventilator use, emergency room admissions, number of hospitalizations, number of intensive care admissions, presence of comorbidities were found to be associated with HADS anxiety and depression scores, ZBI, and WHOQOL-BREF. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis; it is seen that the patient's gender, NIV use, regular device use, presence of comorbidity, HADS anxiety score, and HADS depression score is an independent predictor of the caregiver's burden (ZBI score); and the patient's NIV use, regular device use, HADS anxiety score and HADS depression score is an independent predictor of the caregiver's WHOQOL-BREF score. Conclusions: It is important to evaluate patients and caregivers in a holistic approach and to realize the factors that may negatively affect them in the early period to take the necessary therapeutic measures.

Amaç: Üstbilişsel değişkenlere odaklanan bu araştırma, hipertansiyon hastaları ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu arasında üstbilişsel inançlar, bilişsel dikkat kilitlenmesi ve anksiyete belirtilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Vaka-kontrol çalışması şeklinde dizayn edilen mevcut çalışmanın örneklemini kardiyoloji polikliniğine ardışık başvuran 128 hipertansiyon hastası ve 231 sağlıklı kontrol oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen gönüllülere sosyodemografik veri formu, Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Üstbilişler-30 ölçeği (ÜBÖ-30) ve Bilişsel Dikkat Kilitlenmesi Ölçeği (CAS-1) uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler usulüne uygun hesaplanarak istatistiki işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 51.81±8.07 yıldı ve %75.5’i (n=271) kadındı. İki çalışma grubu arasında sosyodemografik verilerin karşılaştırılmasında istatiksel olarak fark saptanmamıştır (p>0.05). Esansiyel hipertansiyon ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu arasında BAE (t=-3.700, p

The aim of this study was to examine psychosomatic symptoms, sleep quality, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of health care workers actively fighting against Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). Six hundred seventy-six health care workers were included in the study. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) were applied to the participants. Of the participants, 55.4% were female health care workers. PTSD symptoms were observed in 24.3% of the participants and 42.55% had sleep disorder symptoms. The anxiety, depression, and stress, PHQ-15, and PSQI were determined to be the predictors for potential PTSD. Gender, job title, depression, PHQ-15, and IES-R were determined to be significant predictors for a sleep disorder. Gender, anxiety, IES-R, and PSQI were found to be significant predictors for psychosomatic symptoms. Determining which individuals are likely to be more affected in terms of psychosomatic symptoms, potential PTSD, and sleep disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic and detecting possible risk factors are of great importance. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2022;52(10):427–441.]

Patients with borderline personality disorder are a population for whom mental health professionals have difficulty in both diagnosing and providing treatment services. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (SI-Bord) in a Turkish sample. Participants were invited to study via online methods between August 2020 and October 2020. Data were collected from 661 participants ranging between the ages of 18 and 67 (Mean = 35.99). This study demonstrated that the Turkish version of SI-Bord is a valid and reliable measure to evaluate borderline personality disorder, which is encountered in clinical practice both as a comorbid disorder and as a unique diagnosis requiring a differential diagnosis. [ Psychiatr Ann. 2022;52(9):380–387.]

Objective Smartphone addiction is a public health problem increasing with the technologic developments. It particularly affects the university students negatively in terms of psychological, physical, academic achievement and social relations. This study aims to investigate the relation of eating attitudes between smartphone addiction and internet gaming disorder, also the relation of smartphone addiction with obesity.Methods This cross-sectional and prospective study is consisted of 358 volunteer university students. Socio-demographic data form, Short Form of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SF-SAS), Eating Attitude Test (EAT), and internet gaming disorder scale were administered to the participants.Results Mean age of the participants was 22.27±3.10 years and 59.8% (n=214) were female. In terms of the variables “body mass index, body weight, faculty of the student, economic status of the family, and the people they live with together” were significantly different from controls. Also “monthly mobile phone invoice, EAT score, SF-SAS scores” were statistically different. A significant difference was found among “body weight groups” in terms of both EAT score and SF-SAS. According to the linear regression model variables of “gender, smartphone addiction, and school year” were determined as the predictors for EAT.Conclusion Our current study has revealed the relation between smartphone addiction and eating attitudes, and obesity. Smartphone addiction may lead to an increase in body weight, by affecting eating attitudes. Therefore, the effect of eating behavior disorders in the emergence of the smartphone addiction should be considered. Multi-disciplinary solutions are required to prevent this addiction that may increase over time.

Objective This study aims to evaluate whether smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with social media use and alexithymia levels in university students.Methods A group of 935 students aged between 18 and 45 years (509 females and 426 males) was recruited from different universities in Istanbul. SAs, alexithymia and social media use were assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), and ad-hoc questions regarding social media use.Results The mean age of participants was 21.89±3.27 years and 509 of participants were female (54.4%). 455 (48.6%) participants were placed in the “SA” and 198 (21.2%) in the “alexithymia” categories. The study found a high level of positive correlation (p

Aim: To investigate the association between menstrual cycle regularity in healthcare providers and COVID-19 pandemic-related anxiety, depression, stress. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by administrating online questionnaires to female healthcare workers in Turkey. Women aged 18–40 years with regular menstrual cycles for more than 1 year before the beginning of the pandemic were included in the study and they were divided into two groups according to menstrual cycle regularity during the pandemic. The questionnaires included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and reproductive history, lifestyle information of participants, COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS), and a short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: A total of 952 women were included in the study, 679 had regular menstrual cycles, and 273 had irregular menstrual cycles. The prevalence of irregular menses among Turkish women healthcare workers aged 18–40 years was 28.7%. The CSS subdimensions and total scores were significantly higher in the irregular menstruation group than in women with regular menstruation (p < 0.001). The DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress subdimensions were likewise significantly higher in women with irregular menstruation (p < 0.001). Besides, both the univariable and the multivariable logistic regression results showed the relationship between irregular menstruation and CSS total score. Conclusion: The current study showed the association between the COVID-19 pandemic-induced anxiety, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and increased prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularity among healthcare providers.

Background and study aims: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy (CS) are vital endoscopic procedures in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal tract diseases. Endoscopic procedures can be performed with or without anesthesia as per patient preferences. These procedures can cause some anxiety in almost all patients, and the degree of anxiety differs for each individual. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the trait and state anxiety levels of the patients and assess the relationship between the preference of anesthesia and anxiety levels. Patients and methods: To investigate this issue, 723 patients who underwent elective endoscopy (EGD and/or CS) were enrolled. The researchers collected sociodemographic data and medical history records as reported by the patients. State and trait anxiety levels of the patients were evaluated using the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: The patients were divided into two groups as with anesthesia and without anesthesia. Of the respondents, 43.4% requested anesthesia during endoscopic procedure. Sociodemographic data, except sex, showed similar characteristics. The STAI trait scores of the two groups were similar; however, there was a significant difference in the STAI state scores of the groups (p = 0.018). A significant difference was observed in the anesthesia preference and the type of endoscopic procedure (EGD, CS, or both) (p < 0.001). Type of endoscopic procedure, STAI state scores, and sex were determined as the predictors of the anesthesia choice. Conclusion: Endoscopic procedures are known to cause anxiety among many patients. Our findings suggest that the anesthesia preferences of patients are an important factor in preventing these situational concerns. However, this study found that being a woman and undergoing a CS procedure are important factors related to anesthesia preferences. Thus, more detailed assessments on this subject are required. ? 2020 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in Turkish patients aged between ≤65 years and >65 years using psychical parameters, echocardiography measurements, lipid profiles, and psychological parameters. Methods: A total of 68 patients who completed a phase II CR program were enrolled in this retrospective study. The echocardiography measurements, as well as assessment of physical parameters, psychological state, and serum lipid level of the patients were evaluated before the entry into the program and just after the completion. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those aged 65 years and under and those over the age of 65, and the effects of the CR program were compared. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the average heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) I-II scores of young patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation. The LVEF, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), BDI, STAI-I, and STAI-II parameters of older patients were statistically significant. In the comparison between those who were 65 years and under and those over the age of 65, the change in the mean HR (+11.24+-12.62 bpm vs. +3.96+-12.50 bpm; p=0.039), LVEF (+21.31+-21.37% vs. +9.55+-13.50%; p=0.035) and STAI I scores (-11.33+-11.51 points vs. -23.25+-14.08 points; p=0.025) were significantly different. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that patients in a Turkish population aged 65 and over benefited from CR as much as younger patients did in terms of physical parameters, echocardiography measurements, lipid profiles, and psychological parameters.

There is no structured diagnostic interview validated in Turkish for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults 2.0 (DIVA-2.0). The sample included 158 patients with ADHD and 96 patients without ADHD referred to the ADHD outpatient clinic of the psychiatry department. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to examine the convergent validity between DIVA-2.0 and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The internal consistency of DIVA- 2.0 was high. There were statistically significant differences for class repetition, employment status, job change, income, discipline penalty, BDI, BAI, WURS, and ASRS points between the ADHD and non-ADHD groups. Correlation analysis between DIVA-2.0 and WURS, ASRS, BDI, and BAI was statistically significant. These results show that the Turkish version of DIVA-2.0 presented good psychometric properties to diagnose ADHD in the Turkish population. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2022;52(2):76–84.]

Psychogenic vomiting is an uncommon medical condition that usually occurs with severe and recurrent vomiting without an underlying organic cause. Although various pharmacological and therapeutic methods have been tried in the treatment of this condition, there is no clear treatment method. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) can be considered a good treatment alternative if there is a traumatic event in the underlying formation of psychogenic vomiting. To the best of our knowledge, there are no cases of efficacy of EMDR in psychogenic vomiting in the literature. The aim of the present case was to investigate the clinical usefulness of EMDR due to the presence of traumatic memories which may be associated with the symptom of psychogenic vomiting. As a result; as seen in our case, it should be considered that EMDR may be a treatment alternative in cases with psychogenic vomiting of traumatic origin.

INTRODUCTION: Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the adverse childhood events (ACEs) over the schemas, dysfunctional attitudes, automatic thoughts, anxiety, depression severity and quality of life in the university student population without any Axis 1 and 2 psychopathology. METHODS: Individuals with Axis 1 and 2 psychopathology were excluded from the study by use of SCID-1 and SCID-2 assessment. Afterward, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) and Adverse Childhood Events Questionnaire (ACE-TR) were applied. Volunteers were divided into two groups according to the presence of adverse childhood events (ACEs) in the ACE-TR and stated as having no ACE and one or more ACEs. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 21.29 ± 3.31. Also, 185 (84.5%) of the participants were female, 40 (18.7%) were smokers, 39 (17.8%) were drinking alcohol, and 65 (29.7%) had a low socioeconomic situation. Individuals with ACE-TR scores greater than 0 had significantly higher severity in the BDI, BAI, DAS (Perfectionistic attitudes, tentativeness, and total scores), YSQ (Impaired Autonomy, Disconnection/Rejection, Impaired Limits, Other-Directedness, Overvigilance/Inhibition), ATQ and SF-36 Energy / Vitality, Mental Health, Pain and Overall Health scores were statistically higher. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Even though the ACEs do not cause any Axis 1 or 2 psychopathology in our population; individuals with ACEs have more frequent negative automatic thoughts, higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes, and more severe inappropriate schemas when compared to individuals with no ACEs. The presence of ACEs negatively affect the quality of life and increases the severity of depression and anxiety. Whether or not ACEs cause psychopathology, the existence of the ACEs should be questioned and examined by mental health professionals.

INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) are complex and multifactorial mental disorders characterized by mood swings, disability, and impaired quality of life. In the present study, we researched the roles of inflammatory cells and their value as inflammation markers in BD and UD. OBJECTIVE: Sixty-nine manic, 60 euthymic, and 70 UD patients and 60 sex-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were retrospectively analysed. Platelet (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), and red cell distribution width (RDW) levels were measured in four groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate PLT, PDW, and RDW levels patient with UD and two different phases of BD: euthymic and manic. RESULTS: In our study, 199 patients and 60 controls were included. There were no differences between the patients and the healthy control group participants in terms of age and sex. The bipolar episodes and the UD patient group were statistically significantly different from the healthy controls in terms of PLT, PDW, and RDW. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first in the literature to compare blood PLT, PDW, and RDW levels in bipolar episodes, UD patients, and healthy control groups. We believe that the levels of PLT, PDW, and RDW can be used as novel markers of bipolar episodes and UD. More detailed and larger prospective clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and reliability parameters of the Turkish version of the Sexual Complaints Screener for Men (SCS-M) which is a promising brief measure to assess sexual problems in daily practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted online. Data was collected through an online validated and content specific questionnaire via self-reporting. In total, 230 male participants between the ages of 18 and 25 submitted the questionnaire. SCS-M was translated into Turkish and applied with the International Index of Erectile Function, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The p-value was evaluated statistically significant at p

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Cognitive Attentional Syndrome-1 (CAS-1) questionnaire. Methods 221 participants were included in the study who do not meet any psychiatric diagnosis. Participants were applied SCID I and II and filled CAS-1 scale, Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Scale, and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Testing the reliability Cronbach’s al pha, item analysis and Item and total score correlation coefficients were applied. For testing structural validity, Confirmatory Factor Anal ysis was used, and for testing the content validity, the relationship between each item of CAS-1 and MCQ-30, BDI, BAI, GAD-7, PSWQ was examined. Results The correlation reliability coefficients were statistically significant except for using alcohol/drugs as a coping mechanism. Cron bach Alpha reliability coefficient of 16 items was 0.771 whereas, this ratio was 0.772 for the first eight items (CAS) and 0.685 for the last eight items (Metacognitive Beliefs) which showed that the internal consistency of CAS-1 was high. Structural and Content Validity of the scale was significant. Conclusion The Turkish version of the CAS-1 was a reliable and valid measure to evaluate CAS in a Turkish population. Psychiatry Investig 2019;16(5):355-362

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder progressing in relapses. Identification of many factors that may potentially increase the risk of relapse will be an important step in preventing relapses. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of early relapse in patients with schizophrenia and possible risk factors related to early relapse. The sample of this prospective study with the naturalistic observation design consisted of 308 patients with schizophrenia. The cutoff value for early relapse was determined as 1 year. The mean age of participants was 37.38 ± 12.28 years and 66.6% of them were male (n = 205). The early relapse rate was 38.3%. The age younger than 35 [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.313; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.518-3.526; P < 0.001], use of psychoactive substance (HR = 2.200; 95% CI, 1.407-3.440; P = 0.001), previous attempt of suicide (HR = 1.565; 95% CI, 1.028-2.384; P = 0.037), bad adherence to treatment (HR = 3.102; 95% CI, 1.358-7.086; P = 0.007), long-acting injectables (LAIs) antipsychotics in the treatment (HR = 0.534; 95% CI, 0.351-0.812; P = 0.003), combination typical-atypical antipsychotics (HR = 0.326; 95% CI, 0.131-0.807; P = 0.015), number of episodes (HR = 1.088; 95% CI, 1.043-1.134), and the score on the Side Effect factor of the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (HR = 1.826; 95% CI, 1.357-2.458; P < 0.001) were identified as the independent predictors of early relapse. It is remarkable that treatment bad adherence, use of psychoactive substance, no LAIs antipsychotics included in the treatment, and the no presence of the combination of typical and atypical antipsychotics are alterable predictors of early relapse.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Meta-Worry Questionnaire in the Turkish version as a contribution to clinical practice. METHOD: The research sample consisted of two groups. Cases were people who have General Anxiety Disorder (n=165) and controls were age and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n=158). To evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale, Meta-Worry Questionnaire, Metacognition Questionnaire-30, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire were used. RESULTS: In this study, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values of frequency and belief components were found 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. At the same time, excluding each item, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values of these two components also remained above 0.90, regardless of which item was chosen. While the frequency component accounted for 69.07% of the total variance, the belief component accounted for 72.95%. The area under the ROC curve is 0.948 for the frequency component and 0.944 for the belief component. The construct validity of the scale was tested with Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the one-dimensional structure of the scale was shown. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale, other scales which are related to metacognition were used. CONCLUSION: All items in the tool displayed a high correlation with the overall questionnaire. High total variance of the scale indicates its high validity. These results suggest high reliability of the tool as well as consistency of every item it includes.

Currently, the elderly population in the world is rapidly increasing due to technological developments and convenient access to health services. Due to comorbidities in elderly patients, hip fractures are frequently observed after exposure to environmental trauma. To reduce pain during positioning in spinal anesthesia, fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) can be applied easily and reliably. In our study, we aimed to compare the analgesic effects and duration of fascia iliaca compartment blocks performed with USG guidance or the landmark approach methods for relieving spinal anesthesia position pain.Our study included 100 patients undergoing operations due to hip fracture and administered spinal anesthesia after FICB. The group with USG-guided FICB (USG) had the blockage needle advanced to the compartment under the fascia iliaca, and 15 mL bupivacaine + 10 mL 2% lidocaine was administered. They were placed in sitting position for spinal anesthesia 20 min later and procedure duration and numerical rating scale (NRS) scores were recorded. In the group with landmark approach FICB (LAND), the spina iliaca anterior superior (SIAS) and pubic tubercle were connected with a line. The same amount of local anesthetic was administered to the external 1/3 portion of this line with the double pop technique. Procedure duration and NRS scores were recorded.There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of NRS scores (p: 0.073). There was a statistically significant difference in duration of FICB administration between the two groups (p0.001).Both USG-guided and landmark approach FICB methods provide adequate and similar analgesia for positioning in spinal anesthesia. However, in cases where there is no problem with access to the ultrasound device or time, safer blockage can be provided by imaging neurovascular structures with ultrasound.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is used reliably as an alternative method in the treatment of a number of treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. However, information about the daily practice is limited. In this article, we aim to report and discuss the 10-years results of a clinic that applies TMS to treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. This naturalistic study is a retrospective review of data routinely collected from patients undergoing TMS between 2010 and 2020. A total of 284 patients with diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 40.49±12.64 years. In general, when the responses of all patients were examined, 26.1% were evaluated as response, 29.2% as partial response, and 44.7% as inadequate response. It has been determined that MDD responds to treatment better than other disorders. Regardless of the diagnosis, a significant relationship was found between response and age. The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that patients with improvement from TMS were less likely to have advanced age and not to have been diagnosed with PTSD. The idea that TMS may be useful for some patients, but not every patient, is supported.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in Turkish patients aged between ≤65 years and65 years using psychical parameters, echocardiography measurements, lipid profiles, and psychological parameters.A total of 68 patients who completed a phase II CR program were enrolled in this retrospective study. The echocardiography measurements, as well as assessment of physical parameters, psychological state, and serum lipid level of the patients were evaluated before the entry into the program and just after the completion. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those aged 65 years and under and those over the age of 65, and the effects of the CR program were compared.There was a statistically significant difference in the average heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) I-II scores of young patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation. The LVEF, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), BDI, STAI-I, and STAI-II parameters of older patients were statistically significant. In the comparison between those who were 65 years and under and those over the age of 65, the change in the mean HR (+11.24±12.62 bpm vs. +3.96±12.50 bpm; p=0.039), LVEF (+21.31±21.37% vs. +9.55±13.50%; p=0.035) and STAI I scores (-11.33±11.51 points vs. -23.25±14.08 points; p=0.025) were significantly different.The results of the present study revealed that patients in a Turkish population aged 65 and over benefited from CR as much as younger patients did in terms of physical parameters, echocardiography measurements, lipid profiles, and psychological parameters.

Objective: The high prevalence of trauma exposure calls for detailed research on how trauma type affects the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the type of trauma on the severity of symptoms, anxiety, depression, and dissociative experiences in the PTSD patient population. Method: The sample of the study consists of 80 volunteer PTSD patients (20 sexual trauma, 20 work accidents, 20 traffic accidents and 20 combat related trauma). Once the severity of symptoms was determined in all subjects by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) were applied. Results: A statistically significant difference were found between trauma types with regard to age, time without treatment, and the total and subscale scores obtained in DES and CAPS. It was found that in the group that has PTSD diagnosis related to sexual trauma, the length of the time without treatment, DES and CAPS scores. Conclusion: The study we conducted showed that PTSD continued more severe and resistant after a sexual trauma. Moreover, specific type of trauma was significant in PTSD patients.

Pregabalin is a novel isomer of gamma-aminobutyric acid that functions as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It is used daily in medical practice for treating neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, and partial seizures. Due to its anti-glutamatergic effects, it poses a potential addiction risk. For example, an abrupt discontinuation of this substance may cause patients to exhibit physical withdrawal symptoms, such as insomnia, nausea, headache, and diarrhoea. However, there is no information in the literature that addresses whether the rapid discontinuation of pregabalin can cause psychosis to occur. Here we presented a 20-year-old patient with his first episode of psychosis that was likely attributable to his withdrawal from a high dosage pregabalin. He lacked physical signs of withdrawal; however, a psychiatric examination was conducted. It was determined that the patient was experiencing paranoid ideation, auditory hallucinations, and mutism. Furthermore, he had engaged in self-mutilative actions and had attempted suicide. Due to the short time frame between the rapid discontinuation of a relatively large dose of pregabalin and the onset of the patient’s first episode of psychosis, it is likely that the psychotic episode was triggered by the cessation of the medication. This is the first known case of psychosis that was caused by the rapid withdrawal of pregabalin to be discussed in the literature. The results of this clinical case may guide clinicians to recognize the symptoms of acute pregabalin withdrawal.

Backgrounds: Although the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been investigated, there is no study comparing the effects between the peaks. This study aims to compare the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress of healthcare workers struggling with pandemic between the first and second peaks. Methods: A total of 2460 healthcare workers, 1051 from the first peak period and 1409 from the second peak period, were included in the study. The first peak measurements of the participants were made between 07.04.2020 and 05.05.2020 and the second peak measurements were made between 22.11.2020 and 20.12.2020 according to the peak period in Turkey. Depression-Anxiety-Stress-21(DASS-21) scale was applied to the participants online by the purpose of the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.63 ± 7.70, and 66.5% of them were female. A statistically significant difference was found between the income status (p < 0.001), lifestyle (p < 0.001) and COVID-19 test result (p < 0.001), DASS-21 Depression (p < 0.001, t = -5.311), Anxiety (p < 0.001, t = -8.244), Stress (p < 0.001, -10.056) and total(p < 0.001, t = -8.719) scores of the two groups. Conclusion: The present study results showed that healthcare workers meticulously struggling with the pandemic had increased anxiety, depression, and stress levels at the second peak of the pandemic compared to the first peak.

Drug-induced alopecia, characterized by non-scarring hair loss of scalp and body, is a rare side effect of psychotropic drugs. It has previously been reported with the different antidepressant medications, but has not been described with agomelatine. Agomelatine is an antidepressant with a novel mechanism of action and fewer side effects. Here, we report a 31-year-old male patient with diffuse hair loss induced by agomelatine use and improved by discontinuation the drug. Because antidepressant-induced hair loss is relatively rare, many clinicians may not pay attention for this side effect. As far as we know, this is the first published case report of alopecia associated with agomelatine.

Aim: Adverse childhood experiences observed the various physical and mental problems that emerged in the later periods of life were found to be significantly associated. The aim of this study is to compare anxiety and depression, rumination and metacognitions of individuals who experienced adverse childhood events and individuals with no adverse childhood events, even though they do not develop any psychopathology. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 275 university students who were applied SCID-I and SCID-II and no psychopathology. Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Turkish Form (ACE-TR), Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ), Positive-Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale, Penn State Worry Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Beck Depression Inventory were applied to volunteers who met the criteria of inclusion in the study. Results: Participant with ACE-TR score greater than 0, ‘Negative Beliefs about Uncontrollability and Danger’, ‘Lack of Cognitive Confidence’, ‘Need to Control Thoughts’, ‘Cognitive Self Consciousness’ and total scores were statistically higher than those with ACE-TR score 0. The participant with ACE-TR scores greater than 0 had RTSQ, PBRS, NBRS, NBRS -1, PSWQ, GAD-7 and BDI scores were statistically higher than those with ACE-TR score 0. Discussion: Even though negative childhood experiences do not lead to psychopathology, they may trigger the emergence of dysfunctional metacognitions which leads to more anxiety and rumination and make the individual vulnerable for further stressful life events and might decrease resilience.

Objectives: The rare side effects as periorbital edema are worth to discuss most of the times. Periorbital edema is a rare and serious allergic condition. The etiology of this situation might be seen in different status that they are commonly independent of each other’s as well as their various speculated formation mechanisms. The drug induced side effects might be seen in the etiologic factors basket of periorbital edema. Methods: Observational case report. Results: The authors describe a 30-year-old woman with generalized anxiety disorder who developed periorbital edema while undergoing of treatment with mianserin. Conclusions: Interestingly, we observed a relationship with periorbital edema and a safe, effective, well-tolerated atypical antidepressant-mianserin. This is the first-demonstrated case in literature periorbital edema due to mianserin. The case is enormous importance for contributing the side effect set of periorbital edema. Thus, it will be useful contribution for the daily practice of physicians and the other professions.