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Copyright of Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Gelisim Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of viruses in the diarrhea algorithm is very important. In addition, losses due to diarrhea are quite high for calves, and herd control and protection cannot be performed in cases where a rapid etiological diagnosis cannot be made. Group A rotaviruses and coronaviruses, which are the main viral etiological agents of enteric diseases in calves, are frequently detected in these infections. However, the presence/prevalence of other agents in single or mixed infections is still up-to-date and under investigation. Two genetically distinct bovine enteric caliciviruses are known: genogroup III noroviruses (NoVsGIII), which are genetically related to human noroviruses, and neboviruses, which represent a new genus of caliciviruses. In this study, it was aimed to elucidate the role and genotypes of noroviruses (bovine norovirus) in the diarrheal paradigm in calves. In order to determine the presence of norovirus and genogroups, a total of 92 diarrheal stools from calves were included in the study from the collection material in our laboratory. In the study, reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction was performed with specific primer pairs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results were positive in 3 samples (3/92, 3.2%) and were subjected to sequence analysis. According to the results of bioinformatics analysis, noroviruses are divided into 7 main genogroups in light of recent literature. Among these genogroups, bovine noroviruses were included in genogroup III (GIII). There are also subtypes within GIII. Of the 3 strains identified in our study, 2 were grouped in GIII-2a (TR/ERZ/25 and TR/ELZ/23) and 1 strain was grouped in GIII-2b (TR/ERZ/9). Conducting more comprehensive molecular prevalence studies on noroviruses, focusing on the detected genogroups in vaccine studies to be developed and determining their prevalence, the effects on the pathogenesis and clinical picture should be revealed. Determination of genogroup type profiles in the world and in our country and, if vaccines can be developed, elucidating different genogroup types on protection will be beneficial in diarrhea and norovirus dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mersin Üniversitesi sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mersin University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Escherichia coli K-99, Cryptosporidium spp. and Clostridium perfringens in calves with neonatal diarrhea in Muş and its districts. The material of this study was stool samples taken from 96 newborn calves of different ages, breed, and genders in Muş province and its districts. The stool samples were analyzed by rapid diagnostic tests in accordance with the technique. When stool samples were examined by rapid diagnostic test; 10.41% Rotavirus, 25% Coronavirus, 27.08% Rotavirus+Coronavirus, 7.29 % E. coli, 5.37% Cryptosporidium spp, 12.5% Clostridium perfringens and 12.5 % other factors were detected in calves with diarrhea. As a result; the presence and distribution of enteropathogens that cause diarrhea in calves with neonatal diarrhea in Muş and its districts were presented. It was concluded that this study will shed light on future scientific studies on diarrheal calves in Muş and its districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) form a group of inflammatory diseases occurring in genetically-susceptible people, which are characterized by chronic progression and whose cause is not fully known. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of IBD in our region and examine the clinical characteristics, sociodemographic features, and treatment results of IBD patients.Methods: Our study retrospectively investigates 211 patients over 18 years of age who were monitored for an IBD diagnosis between January 2, 2013, and December 31, 2019, by the gastroenterology department of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University’s Faculty of Medicine. The mean age, female-male ratio, smoking habits, disease severity, and localization sites were identified for included patients. Local and systemic complications of administered treatment types and reasons for surgical treatment were also assessed in patients.Results: Of the 211 patients with IBD diagnoses, 158 (74.9%) had Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and 53 (25.1%) had a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 43.97±16.22 years for UC patients and 42.30±14.73 years for CD cases. The involvement sites for UC were distal colitis for 58.4% of patients, left colon for 24.1% of patients, pancolitis for 16.5% of patients, and backwash ileitis for 7% of patients. According to the treatment results, 152 (72.0%) patients took 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) alone, 48 (22.8%) took thiopurine, and 20 (9.5%) took anti-TNF.Conclusion: Knowing the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of these diseases, which are frequently seen in our region, can support the early identification of probable complications that may occur and the selection of appropriate approaches during diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up monitoring of these diseases.Keywords: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn’s Disease, Severity of Illness Index, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University / Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Institute of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Blood pressure (BP) is an important parameter to be measured for the evaluation of cardiovascular system function. Measuring BP in farm animals does not require routine use of medicine. However, due to diarrhea peripheral circulatory disorders, hypovolemia and collapse may cause abnormalities in BP values of calves. In addition, BP values can be a helpful factor in diagnosing and predicting prognosis of conditions with poor general condition in calves, such as sepsis due to diarrhea and various infections, SIRS and septic shock. In this study; It was aimed to compare the BP [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)] values obtained from healthy calves with and diarrheic calves by indirect oscillometric method. For this purpose, a total of 40 calves, 20 diarrheic calves with diarrhea and 20 calves with healthy). BP were measured from 3 different regions: right forelimb [SBP (mmHg) (87.07±27.32), DBP (mmHg) (100.33±26.55), MAP (mmHg) (95.07±21.02)], left forelimb [SBP (mmHg) (82.80±22.50), DBP (mmHg) (94.47±20.62), MAP (mmHg) (90.27±19.69)] and tail [SBP (mmHg) (56.73±12.38), DBP (mmHg) (75.60±12.21), MAP (mmHg) (91.20±22.73)]. In conclusion, indirect oscillometric BP measurement is a fast and useful technique in clinical practice. SBP (87.07±27.32 mmHg) and MAP (95.07±21.02 mmHg) values measured from the right forelimb of calves with diarrhea were statistically significantly lower than healthy calves (SBP; 158.80±13.12 mmHg, MAP; 123.67±21.70 mmHg) (P<0.001). The findings of this study show the importance of including the therapeutic agents to increase BP should be among the treatment strategies in life-threatening conditions such as low arterial BP due to diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University / Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Institute of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to find out the etiology and predisposing factors of calves having diarrhea from Kayseri province and its neighboring cities between January 2016 and September 2019. A total of 270 neonatal diarrheic calves were included to this study. Comprehensive information was obtained by face-to-face interviews with the animal owners about administrative practices such as the vaccination status of the dams, farm type, colostrum intake status. The etiological agents were determined using the lateral flow immunochromatographic test kits. As a result of this investigation, out of 270 diarrheic cases; 21.9% (59) Cryptosporidium spp., 15.6% (42) E. coli K99+, 14.1% (38) bovine coronavirus (BCoV), 10.4% (28) bovine rotavirus (BRV), 9.3% (25) Cryptosporidium spp.+BRV, 8.5% (23) BRV+BCoV were found. Interms of shelter type; 85.2% (230) were traditional and 14.8% (40) were modern type. Regarding the colostrum intake situation; 7.4% (20) received no colostrum, 11.1% (30) received insufficient colostrum and 81.5% (220) received colostrum adequately and on time. Additionally, 36.7% (99) calf mothers were vaccinated and 63.3% (171) were unvaccinated. Compared to those born in autumn, calves born in winter; 6.5-fold, in the spring season; 3.6-fold and in summer; 5.2-fold more likely to develop diarrhea caused by E. coli K99+. These findings may generate valuable information not only for the clinicians and researchers but also animal health experts, policy makers, farmer etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence rates of BRV, BCoV, E. coli K99+, Cryptosporidiumspp. and Giardia spp. in calves with neonatal diarrhea brought to the Erciyes University, Animal Hospital from farms in Kayseri and its surrounding provinces between 01 August 2019 and 31 August 2021. It was determined that a total of 1839 calves were brought to hospital between the periods above. Of the 1839 calves, 863 were brought to the Ruminant Clinic of Internal Medicine, and 560 of 863 calves (65%) had clinical signs of diarrhea. From the stool samples, BCoV (21.7%) were the most diagnosed single enteropathogen followed by; Cryptosporidium spp. (18.3%), ETEC K99+ (F5) (14.3%), BRV (11.4%) and Giardia spp. (0.6%). As for more than one enteropathogen, Cryptosporidium spp. +BRV (8.0%) were the mostly diagnosed and followed by; BRV+BCoV (7.4%), Cryptosporidium spp. +BCoV (6.3%), BRV+ETEC K99+ (1.1%), BRV+BCoV+Cryptosporidium spp. Diarrhea caused by ETEC K99+ (34.7%) was the most common at 1-7 day-old calves and Cryptosporidium spp. (23.9%) was the most common at 8-14 days calves. In spring and winter seasons, BCoV (22.5%, 25.5%, respectively) was diagnosed mostly and in summer and autumn seasons mostly Cryptosporidium spp. (26.9%, 31.8%, respectively) was diagnosed. As a result, it was revealed that calf diarrhea caused by BCoV was the most common in calves with neonatal diarrhea brought to Erciyes University Animal Hospital from Kayseri and its surrounding provinces between 2019-2021 years. It was concluded that the prevalence of enteropathogens may vary depending on various factors such as sampling place, time, season and the findings obtained from this study may be useful in taking necessary prophylactic and managerial measures for the prevention of calf diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmada akut gastroenteritler (AGE) nedeniyle başvuran erişkinlerin dışkı örneklerinde etiyolojik etkenlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 7 aylık dönemde, günlük dışkı sıklığı 3 üzerinde olan ve belirtileri 14 günden kısa süren ve akut gastroenterit tanısıyla izlenen 110 erişkin hastanın dışkı örneklerinde bakteriyolojik, parazitolojik ve virolojik incelemeler yapılmıştır. Son 10 gün içinde antibiyotik kullanmış hastaların dışkılarında Clostridium difficile’ye ait Toksin A araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Akut gastroenteritli 110 olgunun 59’u (%53,6) erkek, yaş ortalaması 36 (±14) idi. Hastaların %44,5’inde (n=49) akut gastroenterit etkeni olarak en az bir patojen saptanmış, ancak %55,5’inde herhangi bir etken gösterilememiştir. Dışkı örneklerinde saptanan etkenler sıklığa göre Entamoeba histolytica (%11,8), Shigella türleri (%10,9), rotavirus (%10,9), Giardia intestinalis (%5,4), Salmonella türleri (%2,7), Candida türleri (%2,7), enteropatojenik Escherichia coli (%0,9), Blastocystis hominis (%0,9), Clostridium difficile (%0,9) olarak sıralanmıştır. Hastaların üçünde (%2,7) birden fazla patojen tespit edilmiştir. Shigella türleri (n=12) arasında Shigella sonnei (n=6), Shigella flexneri (n=4) ve Shigella boydii (n=2), Salmonella türleri arasında Salmonella enteritidis (n=2) ve Salmonella arizonae (n=1) belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada AGE olgularının dışkı örneklerinin %44,5’inde patojen saptanmıştır. Etiyolojide en sık protozoa (%18,1), başta Shigella türleri olmak üzere bakteriler (%15,5) ve rotavirus (%10,9) belirlenmiştir. Erişkin AGE olgularının %65’inden daha büyük bölümünde tedavide antibiyotik gerekmediği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Objective: Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that spreads via the fecal-oral route and causes asymptomatic carriage or mild diarrheal diseases such as pseudomembranous enterocolitis. C. difficile is the commonest cause of nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in North America and Europe. It can produce two toxins called A and B. Strains producing toxins can lead to a more serious disease picture that causes megacolon, perforation or septic shock. The use of molecular methods with high specificity and sensitivity has become widespread in recent years. The use of molecular methods with high specificity and sensitivity, which are easier to apply in diagnosis, and to obtain rapid results, has become widespread in recent years. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate C. difficile results determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from stool samples. Methods: 109 fecal samples that came to our laboratory between January 2017 and September 2018 on suspicion of C. difficile infection were tested with the GeneXpert C. difficile PCR (Cepheid, CA, AD) method. The data obtained are interpreted as positive, negative or invalid results. Results: A total of 109 samples were tested. 66 (61%) of the stool samples belonged to male and 43 (39%) female patients. Twenty-five (23%) of the patients were under the age of 18 and 36 (33%) under the age of 18 years. Of the samples, 26 (24%) were from intensive care units, 60 (55%) were from services and 23 (21%) were from polyclinics. It was found 109 from stool samples. 9 (8%), C. difficile PCR test toxin B positive, 100 (92%) negative. Conclusion: The most important cause of nosocomial diarrhea is C. difficile. The main predisposing factor of infection is the use of antibiotics. Prophylaxis or even one dose of antibiotic therapy may be sufficient for the development of C. difficile infection. Rapid and accurate diagnosis by PCR is important for early initiation of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In this study we aimed to determine bacterial causes of diarrhea in patients presenting to the pediatric clinic. Methods: The stool specimens of 487 patients with diarrhea from pediatric emergency and other pediatric clinics were investigated in order to determine gastroenteritis causes. Microscopic examinations, and appropriate culture methods were performed to determine Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli O157: H7, Campylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, and Aeromonas species. Stool specimens of patients with diarrhea were stained with methylene blue for microscopic examination, and they were cultured on propagating selenite F medium for Salmonella spp. and Shigellas spp., and 8 h later, were subcultured to Salmonella Shigella agar. Also they were cultured to hektoen and xylose lysine desoxycholate agar, to Sorbitol MacConkey agar for E. coli O157: H7 strain, to MacConkey agar for Yersinia enterocolitica, to Campylobacter selective agar for Campylobacter spp., to vibrio selective agar for Vibrio cholerae and to 5% sheep blood agar for Aeromonas spp.. The isolated microorganisms were identified by conventional methods, biochemical tests, specific antibody/antigens and VITEK® 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) device. Results: Salmonella spp. was the most frequently isolated bacteria that was isolated in 19 (3.9%) samples, and Campylobacter spp. was isolated in seven (1.4%), and E. coli O157:H7 and Aeromonas spp. were isolated in three (0.6%) samples. We observed that Salmonella isolation was highest in HE agar. It is remarkable that E. coli O157: H7 was observed among the bacterial agents of gastroenteritis in children. Conclusions: We concluded that E. coli O157: H7 strain should be investigated especially in stool samples with bloody diarrhea in our region, and bacteria such as Campylobacter spp. Aeromonas spp. should be investigated in addition to Salmonella spp. for investigation of gastroenteritis agents in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of the bitter orange extract in goat kids with giardiasis. A total of sixteen goat kids detected to be infected with Giardia duodenalis at the age of 12 to 68 days were enrolled in the study. Goat kids were randomly assigned into two groups, whereas goat kids in the control group (n= 8) without receiving any drug and group (n=10) received oral bitter orange extract at a dosage of 10 ml/goat kids for seven days. Antigiardial therapeutic efficacy of bitter orange extract was determined by oocyst shedding interpreted with a microscopical examination of fecal samples on days 0 and 10. It was revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of orange bitter extract as compared with control was 99.9% on day 10. In conclusion, this significant decrease of oocyst shedding supports the antigiardial activity of bitter orange extract and shows that it might be an alternative in the treatment of giardiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare enteropathogens in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and evaluate their rotavirus (RV) immunization, length of hospitalization, and clinical severity by Ruuska-Vesikari clinical scoring system. Methods: A retrospective data-based study including 642 hospitalized children with AGE aged between 1 month and 18 years who were admitted to the pediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital from 2014 to 2018. Results: RV vaccination was not reported in any of the patients. Of the 642 patients hospitalized for AGE, cases included 179 RV enteritis (27.9%), 22 adenovirus enteritis (3.4%), 14 Entamoeba histolytica enteritis (2.2%), 11 Giardia enteritis (1.7%), and 413 unidentified pathogens (64%). The Ruuska-Vesikari score was not correlated to the length of hospitalization (p=0.31; r=0.04). RV enteritis was higher in the winter season (26.8%) and in April (16.8%) than at other times. Most common age range of the RV cases (36.9%) were between 12 and 24 months. The clinical severity of children with AGE was classified as a mild, moderate, and severe (14.5%, 35.5%, and 50%), respectively. About 73.2% of RV cases had severe disease (Ruuska-Vesikari score =11) and had a higher score than other pathogens (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, RV was the most identified AGE pathogen among hospitalized children without RV vaccination. Future studies comparing AGE cases with or without RV immunization would be helpful for health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Knowledge about bidirectional microbiome-gut-brain interactions has gradually increased in multiple sclerosis (MS) and many other diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in MS patients, to compare with a control group and to identify the relationship between MS attacks and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Methods: Patients with at least a two-year diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) from our outpatient clinic were included in the study. The duration of disease, expanded disability status scale and time of MS attacks were recorded. ROME- IV criteria were used for diagnosis of IBS. Results were compared with the control group. IBS symptoms prior to, during and after an attack were recorded and their relationship to MS attacks was investigated. Results: 93 RRMS patients and 101 controls were included in this study. The prevalence rate of IBS was found to be 16.1% (n=15) in MS patients and 8.9% (n=9) in the control group. No significant difference can be found in IBS prevalence rate between MS patients and controls (p=0.127). MS attacks had no significant effect on constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention. Conclusion: This study showed that MS patients have a similar IBS prevalence to the control group. In addition, MS attacks have no significant effect on GI symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As COVID-19 disease is better known, it has been understood that, contrary to the first description, it presents with organ involvement except the respiratory system during the disease. The gastrointestinal system is the most affected system except the respiratory system. In this study, we aimed to make a review about COVID-19 related gastrointestinal diseases by scanning PubMed-based articles published in English by adding our experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (HCY), and creatinine, urea, venous blood gas and electrolytes values in neonatal calves with diarrhea. The study was conducted on a total of 30 calves, 20 with diarrhea and 10 healthy (control), with diarrhea complaints, of different races, sexes and ages ranging from 2-24 days. According to the venous blood gas results, the pCO2 and base deficit values of calves with diarrhea were significantly higher (P<0.001) compared to the control group values, while pH, pO2 and HCO3 values were significantly lower (P<0.001). While serum Na+ and Cl- concentrations in diarrheic calves did not show any statistical change when compared to the control group (P>0.05), serum K+ concentrations were statistically higher (P<0.001). Serum HCY, folate and vitamin B12 concentration values of diarrheic calves were significantly higher (P<0.001) when compared to the control group. As a result; in neonatal calves with diarrhea, it has been concluded that homocystein excretion is disrupted by low renal excretion due to decrease in glomerular filtration rate that caused hyperhomocysteine. In addition, it is thought that this study will shed light on studies that will reveal the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia in the cardiovascular system in diarrheic calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the etiological factors in adult cases with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Materials and Methods: In this study, bacteriological, parasitological and virological examinations were performed on the stool samples of 110 patients, admitted in a 7-month period with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis with a daily stool frequency of more than three and symptoms of less than 14 days, were evaluated. Toxin A of Clostridium difficile was investigated in the stools of patients who have taken antibiotics in the last 10 days. Results: Of the 110 patients with acute gastroenteritis, 59 (53.6%) were male, and the mean age was 36 (± 14). At least one pathogen was detected as an acute gastroenteritis agent in 44.5% of the patients (n = 49), but no pathogen was identified in 55.5% of them. The detected pathogens were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica (11.8%), Shigella spp. (10.9%), rotavirus (10,9%), Giardia intestinalis (5.4%), Salmonella spp. (2.7%), Candida spp. (2.7%), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (0.9%), Blastocystis hominis (0.9%), and Clostridium difficile (0.9%). More than one pathogen was detected in three patients (2.7%). Among Shigella spp. (n=12), Shigella sonnei (n = 6), Shigella flexneri (n = 4) and Shigella boydii (n = 2); and among Salmonella spp. (n=3) Salmonella enteritidis (n = 2) and Salmonella arizonae (n = 1) were identified. Conclusion: In this study, pathogens were identified in 44.5% of stool samples of the patients with AGE. The most common pathogens identified in etiology are protozoa (18.1%), bacteria (15.5%), mainly Shigella spp., and rotavirus (10.9%). It is concluded that no antibiotic is needed for more than 65% of adult patients with AGE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms have a primary role in the formation of calf diarrhea. Escherichia coli pose an environmental risk to young animals caused by fecal excretion. In this study, rectal swab samples (n= 133) were collected from calves with diarrhea aged from 1 day to 3 months, between August 2017 and August 2018. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, and then antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes for Escherichia coli isolates (n= 133) were investigated by disk diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standards institute standards and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The isolates were found to be highly resistant to oxytetracycline (78.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (69.2%), neomycin (60.9%), and erythromycin (58.6%). Besides, multidrug resistance was determined in 71.4% of isolates. Thirty-three of 133 (24.81%) isolates were positive for at least one virulence factor. The pathotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F5 and/or F41 fimbria and STa), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (Stx and eae), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (eae) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (Stx-eae) were found in 51.5%, 6.1%, 15.2%, and 12.1%, respectively. However, the virulence properties were detected as; Stx1 (3.03%), Stx2 (9.09%), STa (21.21%), and eae (15.15%); the F41 and F5 were not detected. Also, the fifteen-point two percent of strains (5/33) were the hybrid type that carried both Stx (either Stx1 or Stx2) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli specific enterotoxin gene STa. The existence of different virulence factors found in this study supports the statement that calves are possible bearers of pathogens that are dangerous to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) is a frequently detected virus in pigs suffering from diarrhea worldwide. Here, we report the first identification and complete genome sequence of astrovirus in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Jiangxi, China. The complete genome sequence of a representative astrovirus, WBAstV/CH/2015, was amplified and determined. Sequence homology analysis showed that WBAstV/CH/2015 had 40.8% to 79.7% homology with PAstVs worlwide, and shared the highest homology (79.7%) with another wild boar astrovirus (WBAstV) strain WBAstV-1/2011/HUN from Hungary. Phylogenetic analysis showed that WBAstV/CH/2015 was closely related to WBAstV-1/2011/HUN and located in the cluster of PAstV 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Norovirüsler dünya genelinde her yaş grubunda önemli ishal etkenleridir. Türkiye'de norovirüs enfeksiyonları ile ilgili ülke genelinde geniş bir veri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma Çanakkale'deki norovirüslerle ilgili ilk araştırma olup, tanıda ELISA ve real time RT-PCR testlerinin klinik kullanımlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Klinik olarak ishali olan 92 vakadan dışkı örnekleri toplanmış olup çalışmaya kadar -20C'de saklanmıştır. Norovirüs antijeni RidaScreen ELISA kiti, GI ve GII moleküler saptaması RealStar Norovirüs RT-PCR kiti ile yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmada 16 (%17,4) örnek norovirüs için pozitif bulunmuştur. ELISA ile 92 örnekten 10 tanesi pozitiftir. PCR çalışmasında 4 örnekte internal kontrol çalışmamış olup, 88 örnekten 15 adedinde RT-PCR'de pozitiflik saptanmıştır. Bunlardan biri GI ve ondördü GII tespit edilmiştir. PCR'ı referans test olarak aldığımızda ELISA'nın duyarlılığı %60, özgüllüğü %98 bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Çanakkale gibi bir ilde bile norovirüs infeksiyonları birer vaka olarak bile görülebilir. Norovirüs infeksiyonlarının tanısı için altyapı oluşturulmalıdır. ELISA düşük bir duyarlılığa sahip olmakla birlikte RT-PCR'a göre ucuz olup, PCR inhibitörlerinden etkilenmemektedir.

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medicine / Türkiye Klinikleri İç Hastalıkları Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Determining Entamoeba histolytica seroprevalence in patients with abdominal pain having no diarrhea who applied to internal medicine policlinics was aimed in this study. Material and Method: In the study, 472 patients who applied to internal medicine policlinics between November 2013-December 2016 with the complaint of abdominal paint without having any diseases such as diarrhea, as the leading, acute abdominal pain, dyspepsia, cholecystopathy, acute coronary syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, malignity, urinary tract infection, and genital and gynecological infection and 218 healthy volunteer individuals for creating the control group were included recording their age and gender properties. For the stool of the patients, ELISA kit including monoclonal antibodies against adhesin antigen specific to Entamoeba histolytica was used. Results: Number of Entamoeba histolytica positive individuals was determined as 23 (4.9%) in patient group, and as 3 (1.4%) in the control group, and the value was found to be statistically significant (P=0.024). no significant difference was determined between gender and ages of the individuals in statistical comparison performed between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Obtained results indicated that Entamoeba histolytica was possible to be present in patients applied with the complaint of abdominal pain even without diarrhea. According to the findings we obtained, it was possible to assume that Entamoeba histolytica could cause abdominal pain during the period when it was considered to be asymptomatic. Furthermore, abdominal pain syndrome could be started to be treated diagnosing of Entamoeba histolytica early, and so that this possibilities for preventing the chronic diseases this protozoon is possible to cause in a long-term period could be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhea is generally an increase in the amount of daily stool or water in the feces. The amount of feces in infants and children is 10 g/kg/day; Adolescents and adults with diarrhea of 200 g/kg/day. Patients who are more than two weeks old are defined as chronic or persistant diarrhea. The main pathophysiological mechanisms are osmotic, secretory, motility disorders and inflammation. While causes of diarrhea vary according to age, in developing countries frequent causes of incidence are functional intestinal diseases, malabsorption and inflammatory bowel diseases in developed countries. Careful management of good history and physical examination prevents unnecessary testing and intervention for diagnosis. The goal of treatment is to improve the condition of nutrition and to provide growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to study the incidence determine the prevalence of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Escherichia (E.) coli K-99, Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fecal samples collected from different localities covering in Siirt. The animal material of this study consisted of 100 diarrheic calves of different ages, races and genders and 10 healthy calves. Stool specimens were obtained from diarrheic calves that underwent systematic clinical examinations. Blood samples were also taken from V. jugularis according to the method for hematological analysis. During routine clinical examinations, increases in body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were determined in the diarrheic calves. WBC, Hct, Neu, MCH and Hb values of hematological parameters were statistically significant (respectively p<0.01; p<0.01; p<0.01, p<0.05 ve p<0.05) when compared to the control healthy calves. When stool specimens examined by rapid diagnostic test; 4% Rotavirus, 5% Rotavirus+E. coli, 6% E.coli, 12% Rotavirus+Cryptosporidium, 10% Cryptosporidium, 4% Rotavirus+Giardia and 7% E. coli + Corona enterogenous pathogens were detected in the diarrheic calves and the ratios of other factors were 52%. As a result, data on the presence and distribution of enterogenic pathogens causing diarrhea in newborn calves in Siirt region were revealed and it was concluded that Siirt region will provide a light for future scientific studies on diarrhea and it was concluded that a light has been shed on future scientific studies on diarrheic calves in Siirt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diarrhea is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. In this study, possible effects of sociodemographic characteristics and the nutrition pattern on the prevention of diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months have been studied by investigating the frequency and quantities of pre-probiotic consumption. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, children aged 6-24 months who presented with complaints of diarrhea to a university hospital constituted the case group. Children in the same age group who were followed in the well child clinic and did not complain of diarrhea constituted the control group. After obtaining verbal consent from the mothers, data were collected by a questionnaire including items regarding the sociodemographic characteristics of the children and the frequency and daily amount of natural foods with pre-probiotics they consumed. Results: A total of 226 children were enrolled in the study. The case and control groups were found to be similar regarding body weight, sex, and age. We found that children with mothers or fathers educated eight years or less were more at risk of diarrhea. It was also found that children of mothers aged 29 years and younger were 3.48 times more likely to have diarrheal illness. A low socioeconomic level was also a risk factor for diarrhea. It was found that milk, kashar cheese, dry beans, chickpeas, leeks, homemade cakes, and chocolates were consumed more frequently in the diarrhea group than the control group. However, daily consumption amounts of yogurt, dry bean, chickpea, lentil and onion for the children in the control group were significantly higher than the diarrhea group. Conclusion: As a result of this study, children of mothers younger than 29 years of age, children with low parental education level and from families with low socioeconomic level were found to be at risk for developing diarrhea. Although we could not say that the consumption of natural foods containing pre-probiotics inhibits the development of diarrhea at the end of this study, we think that it may be a pioneer for carrying out wider studies on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: No study has been conducted in Turkey to assess the practical management of enteral nutrition (EN), specifically diarrhea, aspiration, and gastric residue. The aim of this study was to identify practice perspectives regarding EN and its associated complications and compare these trends between doctors and nurses. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital in Turkey in January 2017. A written survey that was designed by the researchers consisting of 12 questions was administered to doctors and nurses (face-to-face) in different services who routinely participate in EN. Results: In total, 100 nurses and 94 doctors completed the survey. With respect to diarrhea, the doctors and nurses often used different definitions and strategies for relieving symptoms. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measurement is routinely performed 4 times a day. When managing high GRV, participants were inclined to reduce feeding rates, but nurses were more likely to stop feeding and consult the nutrition support team compared to doctors, who were more likely to administer prokinetics. Nurses were more likely to specify the commonly accepted GRV thresholds. Healthcare professionals preferred to start feeding 12 to 24 hours after gastrostomy placement. Aspiration was attributed to incorrect positioning of the patient by almost all the nurses, while about one-half of the doctors indicated the lack of GRV measurement as the leading cause. Approximately one-half of participants stated that adequate fluid requirements could be delivered through EN and water flushes. Conclusion: Doctors and nurses have different perspectives regarding the management of EN-related complications. Information obtained from this study can be used to develop interventions and tailor educational programs to improve EN management in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine bacterial, parasitological and viral agents of diarrhea in lamb and goat kid in Marmara Region of Turkey. The material of this study was consisted of 88 lambs and 26 kids which were younger than 6 months old. A total of 26 Escherchia coli (22.8%), 27 Eimeria spp. (23.7%), 11 Cryptosporidium spp. (9.6%) and 6 Clostridium perfringens (5.3%) were identified from samples. In addition Rotavirus and Pestivirus were detected in 3, 4 of 114 of samples respectively. It was concluded that determining the most common agents that cause diarrhea in young small ruminants in Marmara Region may contribute to therapeutic approaches and prophylactic medicine procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Noroviruses are important agents of gastroenteritis worldwide in every age group. There is no large countrywide dataset available for norovirus infections in Turkey. This is the first investigation of noroviruses in Çanakkale, and we aimed to compare commercial ELISA and real time RT-PCR assays in clinical use. Material and Methods: Fecal samples from 92 clinical gastroenteritis cases were collected and stored at -20°C. Norovirus antigen was investigated using RidaScreen ELISA and norovirus GI and GII molecular detection made with RealStar Norovirus RT-PCR kit 2.0. Results: We found that 16 (17.4%) samples were positive for norovirus in our study group. Using ELISA, 10 samples were positive from 92 samples. In PCR analysis, internal control amplification failed for four samples. We found 15 of 88 samples positive for real time RT-PCR analysis; of these one was GI and 14 were GII. When we accepted PCR as the reference test, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were calculated as 60% and 98% respectively. Conclusion: Single cases of norovirus infection can be seen even in rural cities like Çanakkale. There is a need to set up diagnostic capabilities for norovirus infections. ELISA has a low sensitivity, but this method is cheaper than RT-PCR and is not affected by PCR inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Public Health is the property of Turkish Journal of Public Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)