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Background: To investigate whether the CHA2DS2-VASc score has a predictive value over the prognosis in patients with sudden hearing loss. Methods: Patients who were hospitalized in our clinic between 2011 and 2021 because of sudden hearing loss were included. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively. Treatment response was evaluated using Siegel criteria. Siegel criteria categorize treatment response as healing, partial response, slight improvement, and no response. Patients were divided into low-risk (less than 2 risk factors) and high-risk groups (2 or more risk factors) according to the CHA2DS2-VASc score. The relationship between response to treatment and cardiovascular risk factors using CHA2DS2-VASc score was investigated. Results: The study group consisted of 145 cases of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Seventy (48.2%) patients were male, and 75 (51.8%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 43.73 ± 17.5 (10-90) years. Median pretreatment Pure Tone Audiogram was 59 [43-68] dB and the posttreatment Pure Tone Audiogram was 44 [25-65] dB. Median CHA2DS2VASc score was 1. The low score CHA2DS2-VASc group had 97 (66.8%) patients and the high score CHA2DS2-VASc group had 48 (33.2%) patients. There was no significant correlation between Pure Tone Audiogram gain and the CHA2DS2-VASc score (r=0.066, P=.432). There was no difference between the CHA2DS2-VASc scores of the treatment response groups (P=.512). There was no significant difference between the patients with complete recovery and the rest in terms of their CHA2DS2-VASc scores (P=.613). Conclusion: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is not an effective tool in determining treatment response and prognosis in patients with sudden hearing loss.

In today’s competitive world, the primary goal of hotels is to generate sustainable profitability. In order to achieve this goal, businesses are required to develop well-designed strategies and policies. Every vacant hotel room leads to a direct loss for the company. Therefore, because of the fixed capacity, capacity utilization and pricing is extremely important for hotels. This study explains the competitive revenue management (RM) practices of 5-star hotels in Istanbul. It investigates how hotels track their competitors, their strategies to gain a competitive advantage, and what factors they consider when determining their prices. The research employed a questionnaire containing pre-prepared RM-related inquiries administered to hotel RM department managers. Additionally, a situation assessment was conducted, drawing insights from the information provided by these managers. This study discovered that every revenue manager involved takes the competition seriously. Revenue managers consider competition to be obtaining the largest share of the available market share. This research anticipates that revenue management will extend its influence beyond room revenue and evolve into a more strategic department. The study underscores the importance of enhancing education and raising awareness about RM to address this gap effectively.

Objectives: Montelukast is a well-known leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. Omega-3 fatty acid is also known as an antiallergic and immunomodulator molecule. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of systemic montelukast and omega-3 fatty acid treatment in allergic rhinitis models in Wistar Hannover rats. Methods: This research was conducted on 28 healthy Wistar Hannover rats weighing 250–350 g. After establishing the allergic rhinitis model, nasal symptoms were observed and scored, and the nasal mucosa of all rats was investigated histologically. Light microscopy was utilized to evaluate the degree of ciliary loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, vascular congestion, vascular proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, and hypertrophy in chondrocytes. Results: As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the study, it was determined that typical allergic rhinitis symptoms such as nasal scratching and sneezing were significantly reduced in the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 treated group, and these symptoms did not increase after repeated intranasal OVA-protease applications. Histological examinations after fish oil treatment did not reveal typical inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis. None of the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 groups had any increase in goblet cells, whereas 14.3% of the rats in the control group and 28.6% of the rats in the allergic rhinitis group had mild increase. Last but not least, 71.4% of rats in the allergic rhinitis group had a moderate increase. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p

In this study, hydrochar was obtained from chickpea stalk by hydrothermal method. Then, activated carbon was synthesized by chemical activation method using ZnCl2 activator in the presence of this hydrochar. The effects of parameters such as impragnation rate (hydrochar/ZnCl2), impragnation rate, activation temperature and activation time on activated carbon synthesis were investigated. The iodine number of the obtained activated carbon was determined and its characterization was performed by SEM, BET, FTIR measurements. It was determined that the highest iodine number of synthesized activated carbon was 734 mg/g under conditions of impragnation time (24 hour), impragnation rate (1/2), activation temperature (400 oC), and activation time (45 minutes). The BET surface area of the activated carbon with the highest iodine number was determined as 572 m2/g. The methylene blue number of synthesized activated carbon and hydrochar were found as 105 mg/g and 45 mg/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare bone marrow failure syndrome caused by mutations in DNA repair genes, and the risk of developing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in FA patients is higher than in the normal population and is seen at younger ages. mi-RNAs and proteins associated with signaling pathways such as PI3K and Wnt, which play a role in cancer pathogenesis, are important biomarker candidates for OSCC development. Tumor suppressor miR-9 have been reported that abnormally expressed in many different cancers and OSCC. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a characterized human oncoprotein that has been studied in the most of human malignancies. Squamous cell cancers frequently develop in FA patients. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the salivary miR-9 and serum CIP2A levels of our FA patients who are likely to develop cancer, and to evaluate them in terms of the risk of developing OSCC and compared them with the healthy control group. Methodology: Saliva and serum samples were collected from 25 OSHK patients, 24 FA patients and 40 healthy volunteers, and total RNA was isolated from saliva samples and quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed with the miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR Assay (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). miR-9 saliva levels were normalized and calculated by the Livak Method. ELISA (Bioassay Technology Laboratory, Shanghai, PRC) method was used to measure serum CIP2A levels. Results: According to our data, salivary miR-9 levels of both OSCC and FA patients were lower than healthy controls (p=0,01 and p=0,017). In OSCC patients, miR-9 level was related to lymph node metastasis (p=0,04). Serum CIP2A levels in OSCC patients and were higher than in healthy controls (p

In this study, an economic separation method is suggested with the use of phase equilibria in order to ensure the recycling of ZnCl2, the industrial waste amount of which is very high, and to prevent it from an environmental pollutant. Sodium chloride–zinc chloride–water systems were examined by the isothermal method at temperatures of 298, 313 and 333 K. The analyses of the liquid and solid phases were used to determine the composition of the solid phase using the Schreinemaker’s graphic method. The solid–liquid phase equilibrium and viscosity data belonging to all the ternary systems were identified and the solubility and viscosity changes with temperature were compared. The viscosity values were inversely proportional to the temperature as the amount of ZnCl2 in the solution increased. NaCl, 2NaCl ZnCl2 nH2O (n: 2, 0), ZnCl2 salts were observed at 298, 313 and 333 K in the solid phases that are in equilibrium with the liquid phase at the invariant point.

The development of sound clinical reasoning, while essential for optimal patient care, can be quite an elusive process. Researchers typically rely on a self-report or observational measures to study decision making, but clinicians’ reasoning processes may not be apparent to themselves or outside observers. This study explored electroencephalography (EEG) to examine neurocognitive correlates of clinical decision making during a simulated American Board of Anesthesiology-style standardized oral exam. Eight novice anesthesiology residents and eight fellows who had recently passed their board exams were included in the study. Measures included EEG recordings from each participant, demographic information, self-reported cognitive load, and observed performance. To examine neurocognitive correlates of clinical decision making, power spectral density (PSD) and functional connectivity between pairs of EEG channels were analyzed. Although both groups reported similar cognitive load (p = 0.840), fellows outperformed novices based on performance scores (p < 0.001). PSD showed no significant differences between the groups. Several coherence features showed significant differences between fellows and residents, mostly related to the channels within the frontal, between the frontal and parietal, and between the frontal and temporal areas. The functional connectivity patterns found in this study could provide some clues for future hypothesis-driven studies in examining the underlying cognitive processes that lead to better clinical reasoning.

There have been forced migrations from one country to another due to wars, conflicts, and various reasons within and among countries. Turkey is a transit point from Asia to Europe. Accordingly, this study sheds light on experiences the refugee students have in the Turkish Education System. Therefore, this study is meant to be based on a qualitative approach as a case study method. The data were obtained through a semi-structured interview and a focus group interview. The information was gathered from nine students-three Syrians, two Iranians, two Iraqis, and two Afghans-as well as five teachers. According to the results, refugee students had difficulty learning and using a new language, adapting to a new country and environment, and getting used to new friends they made and teachers they were taught by. The results also indicate that students were concerned about their inability to travel to the United States and European countries.

Objective:During the past decade, several inflammation-based prognostic systems have been reported in the field of clinical oncology. Recently, C-reactive protein and albumin ratio (CAR) have showed their impact on a large variety of tumor types. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact CAR on prognosis and 5-year survival (5yS) in patients operated for larynx cancer.Method:One hundred eighteen patients operated in our center between 2010 and 2015 were eligible for retrospective analysis. We evaluated the impact of the CAR and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the 5yS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the associations of CAR.Results:The optimal cut-off level of CAR was at 0.993. A low and high CAR was assigned to 40.7% and 59.3% of patients, respectively. The 5yS rates of patients with a high CAR were worse than those in the low group (79.2% vs 73.2% p

Myelinated neurons are characterized by the presence of myelin, a multilaminated wrapping around the axons formed by specialized neuroglial cells. Myelin acts as an electrical insulator and therefore, in myelinated neurons, the action potentials do not propagate within the axons but happen only at the nodes of Ranvier which are gaps in the axonal myelination. Recent advancements in brain science have shown that the shapes, timings, and propagation speeds of these so-called saltatory action potentials are controlled by various biochemical interactions among neurons, glial cells and the extracellular space. Given the complexity of brain’s structure and processes, the work hypothesis made in this paper is that non-local effects are involved in the optimal propagation of action potentials. A non- local model of the action potentials propagation in myelinated neurons is proposed that involves spatial derivatives of fractional order. The effects of non- locality on the distribution of the membrane potential are investigated using numerical simulations.

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of milk yield and reproductive performance of Hair goats raised under the extensive condition in Konya and Karaman regions of Turkey. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 383 and 58044 records were analyzed for milk yield and reproductive performance, respectively. Six measurements were performed with 30 days intervals for evaluating of the goats? milk yield characteristics. Individual lactation milk yield was calculated as area under the lactation curve. General linear model involving factors of region, farm, goat age and birth type were used for milk yield characteristics in statistical analyses, Chi square test was employed for evaluating the reproductive performance. Results: The mean of the lactation period, daily and lactation milk yield, were found as 171.0 days, 753.7 mL, and 128.9 L, respectively. Despite the fact that the effect of birth type factor on all three characteristics was not significant (p>0.05), it was found that the region and farm factors had a significant effect on all three characteristics (p Conclusion: In conclusion, the parameters of the lactation milk yield and lactation period in Hair goats raised in both regions were seen in higher value than the levels reported previously in the literature.