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Introduction: Schizophrenia (SZ) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) both have life-long and negative impacts on the individuals. In contrast to ASD, SZ occurs “rarely” in childhood (before the age of 13) which is called Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia (COS). Although COS and ASD have distinct pathologies, they exhibit common characteristics since they were described first. One of the most important commonalities is overlapping language and communication features. Till now, it is known that there is no integrative model related to the mutual language characteristics and underlying neurogenetic factors covering both of these disorders. Therefore, this literature review aimed to reveal previous research reporting both diverging and converging language issues with regards to these populations. The information presented in this review also aimed to help special education professionals about noticing the children who might present the features of COS. For this aim, firstly, the historical backgrounds of the disorders were given. Later, the language and communication features of COS and ASD including the overlapping characteristics were presented in light of previous research.Discussion: Studies showed that pragmatic limitations could be observed within both populations. Atypical language characteristics such as echolalia and self-talk could also be mutually observed. A need for future studies exploring the morphological and semantic levels of COS and ASD was emphasized. Furthermore, it was proposed that retrospective and prospective studies could be designed with a large sample. The connection between language and pretend play or executive functions could be examined.

Bu calisma, 2020 yilinda Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Tarla Bitkileri Bolumu Endustri Bitkileri Doku Kulturu Laboratuvarinda yurutulmustur. Calismada farkli besi ortamlarinin (LS medya, LS+1 mg/L Gibberellik asit (GA3), 0,1 mg/L kinetin (KIN) ve LS+0,5 mg/L indol-3-asetik asit (IAA) tatli patates genotipleri (Havuc ve Hatay Yerlisi) uzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Calismada, in vitro bitkilerin bitki ve kok agirliklari, bitki ve kok uzunluklari ile bogum ve kok sayilari incelenmistir. Sitokinin ve gibberallin ortaminda yetistirilen in vitro bitkilerin oksin ortaminda yetistirilen bitkilere gore daha fazla kok sayisi, kok agirligi, kok uzunlugu, bitki boyuna, bogum sayisina ve bitki agirligina sahip olduklari belirlenmistir. Havuc yerel genotipinde ele alinan besi ortamlarinin hepsinde incelenen ozellikler bakimindan daha yuksek degerler elde edilmistir.

Background and AimCross-linguistic adaptations of aphasia assessment tools in Turkey are needed to improve aphasia assessment and rehabilitation with individuals speaking languages other than well-resourced languages. Aligned with this need, we conducted several studies to propose an adaptation of “The Comprehensive Aphasia Test” (CAT) into Turkish.MethodsDuring this adaptation process; (a) lexical/linguistic and visual stimuli in CAT’s Language Battery subtests were evaluated by examining their imageability, familiarity, and name agreement features through rating studies, and two pilot studies for (b) Cognitive Screening and (c) Language Battery sections were carried out. In the stimuli norming studies, 71 undergraduate students (aged 20–24) rated 236 words in the Imageability and Familiarity tasks; 40 participants (aged 30–60) named 244 pictures in the Name Agreement task. Two sections of the CAT-TR were administered to different groups of subjects with aphasia (PWA) and matched controls. Fourteen PWA (and 14 controls) were presented the Cognitive Screening section, and a different group (PWA = 20, controls = 20) completed the Language Battery section.ResultsThe imageability and familiarity ratings of 236 words and name agreement (% – H statistic) values of 244 pictures were calculated. Imageability and familiarity ratings of the words had a positive strong correlation with each other. Items with a name agreement of 85% or more were considered high name agreement. As anticipated, the control groups both in the Cognitive Screening and the Language Battery sections performed better than the PWA group. As a result, no further adaptive changes were suggested for these sections.ConclusionResults of these studies have shown that the Comprehensive Aphasia Test-Turkish is culturally and linguistically appropriate for Turkish speakers with aphasia. Therefore, future studies should assess its validity and reliability, and establish norms for its clinical interpretation.

Objective: Little is known about the impact of time on the verbal fluency performance among elderly population. The aims of this study were to (i) examine the verbal fluency (semantic and action fluency) performance across four quarters of 60 seconds and (ii) explore the relationship between demographic (education and age) and time variables on the performance of elderly individuals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 58 elderly healthy subjects (>59 years) was carried out. Five semantic categories and action fluency were implemented. Participants were stratified into three education groups (Group 1, 2 and 3 including subjects with 5-8 years, 9-11 and more than 12 years of schooling) and each group involved 20, 21 and 17 participants respectively. Results: The findings revealed mean numbers of words among quarters decreased in a linear fashion. There was significant difference between the production in the first quarter and others. It was seen that age did not correlate with fluency performance across quarters. Significant production differences were found between education groups across all quarters. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the fluency scores of elderly healthy subjects with different levels of education along with production across four quarters. It is suggested that future studies include neuropathological conditions for the clinical utility of these measures.

Aphasia assessment is the initial step of a well-structured language therapy. Therefore, it is reasonable to underline that the assessment tools need to consider the typological and cultural characteristics of the language. A group of international researchers in the Collaboration of Aphasia Trialists have been adapting the Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT) into 14 languages spoken in Europe including Turkish. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform the validity and reliability analyses of the Language Battery section of CAT-TR to ensure the assessment of Turkish-speaking people with aphasia (PWA). The test included 21 sub-tests and yielded six modality scores (spoken language comprehension, written language comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, writing). Ninety PWA (Mean

There exists a significant need of screening, measuring, and assessing phobic reactions to the negative effects and consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the world. For this purpose, the C19P-S has been developed and adapted to several languages and cultures including Turkish, Russian, Arabic, English, Korean, and soforth. This study aimed to adapt the scale into Japanese. Convenience sampling was used in the recruitment of the participants. The sample involved 310 Japanese-speaking natives from different prefectures of the country (Mean