Search

Copyright of Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: In this study, our aim was to investigate the acute effects of captopril on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients who received captopril preoperatively due to high systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP) before cataract surgery. Material and Methods: This prospective and cross-sectional study included 28 eyes of 28 patients, who presented for cataract surgery and preoperatively received captopril (25 mg, sublingual) due to detection of high SABP between December, 2019 and April, 2020. The IOP and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements were performed by Goldmann applanation tonometry and ocular biometry (Lenstar LS 900, Haag-Streit, USA) immediately before and 30 minutes after the drug intake. Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study included 28 patients (18 female, 10 male) mean age was 64.9±10.7 (49-85). Significant decreases were observed in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure after the drug intake (PË,0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found in diastolic blood pressure, ACD, and IOP parameters (P>0.05 for all). Conclusion: This study concluded that the preoperative usage of captopril to lower the SABP in cataract cases had no acute effects on IOP; thus it can be safely used before the operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giriş: Akut ve kronik otitis media intratemporal ve intrakraniyal komplikasyonlara yol açabilir. Otojenik beyin apsesi, akut orta kulak iltihabının ikinci en sık görülen intrakraniyal komplikasyonudur (%0,5). Genellikle ampirik antibiyotiklere duyarlı olan Streptococcus pneumoniae, otojenik beyin apsesinden en sık izole edilen bakteridir. Burada, yetersiz antibiyoterapi alan ve kulak lavajı ile pnömokok beyin apsesi gelişen olgu sunulmaktadır. Olgu: Altmış dokuz yaşında kadın hasta acil servise ateş, konuşma ve hareket bozukluğu ile getirilmiştir. Bilinen kronik hastalığı, düzenli ilaç kullanımı ve pnömokok aşısı olmayan hastanın, sağ kulakta ağrı şikayeti ile 6 ay önce başvurusu mevcuttu. Aynı gün kulak burun boğaz (KBB) polikliğinde orta kulak iltihabı tespit edilerek sağ kulağa yıkama işlemi yapılmıştır. Sefuroksim aksetil reçete edilen hasta 1 tablet kullanmış. Evde ateşinin 38 °C olması ve mevcut şikayetleri ile acil servise getirilmiştir. Hastanın özgeçmişinde 4 yıldır bel fıtığı nedeniyle aralıklı gabapentin kullanımı mevcuttur. Travma öyküsü ve rinore/otore mevcut değildi. Fizik muayenesinde 38,1 °C ateş, genel durumu orta kötü, ajitasyonu mevcuttu. Glaskow Koma skalası: 9 olan hastada ajitasyon mevcuttu. Ense sertliği pozitif diğer sistemik muayenesinde patolojik bulgu yoktu. Laboratuvar bulgularında C-reaktif protein: 311 PCT: 11,7 lökositoz ve KCFT yüksekliği mevcuttu. Hastada mevcut bulgularla SSS enfeksiyonu düşünüldü. Papil ödemi olmayan hastaya lomber ponksiyon yapıldı. Beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) beyaz küre: 5,113 103/µl, BOS mikroprotein: 474 mg/dl, BOS glukoz: 1 mg/dl (eş zamanlı kan şekeri: 195 mg/dl) BOS laktat: 14,4 mmol/l saptandı. Hastaya ampirik olarak seftriakson 4 gr/gün, vankomisin 2 gr/gün başlandı. BOS Gram-boyamada bol PNL, Gram-pozitif diplokok ve Gram-pozitif kümeli kok görüldü. BOS kültüründe S. pneumoniae üredi. Penisilin MİK: <0,016 µg/ml olması üzerine vankomisin tedavisi kesildi. Çekilen beyin bilgisayarlı tomografide sağ temporal fossada hava dansitesi içeren lezyon ve sağ mastoidit sinüslerde havalanma kaybı izlendi. Kontrastlı kraniyal manyetik rezonans sonrası tekrar değerlendirilerek 24x15 mm beyin apsesi saptandı. Beyin cerrahisi tarafından operasyon önerilmedi. KBB tarafından kulak tüpü takılarak akıntıdan kültür alındı. Kulak kültüründe de S. pneumoniae üredi. Kontrol görüntülemeleri yapılan hasta, tedavisi tamamlanarak şifa ile taburcu edildi. Sonuç: Orta kulak enfeksiyonlarında antibiyoterapi ile enfeksiyonun kontrol altına alınmadığı olgularda kulak lavajı ile beyin apsesi ve menenjit gelişebileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Öncelikle primer enfeksiyon için yeterli tedavi verilip sonrasında işlem yapılmalıdır. S. pneumoniae'da penisilin direnci göz önüne alınarak ampirik antibiyotik tedavisi düzenlenmelidir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate retinal vascularization after treatment with single dose intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in infants with agressive posterior premature retinopathy (AP-ROP) Material and Methods: In this study, AP-ROP cases treated with IVB in between 2015-2017 were evaluated retrospectively. These cases were analyzed for birth weeks, birth weights, postgestational weeks at treatment, complete retinal vascularization times, recurrence rates and need for additional treatment. Results: Twenty-one eyes of 11 infants were evaluated. IVB injection was performed in 12 eyes of 6 patients (0.625 mg/0.025 mL) and 9 eyes of 5 patients (0.312 mg/0.012 mL). The mean gestational birth week of these cases was 27.6±2.0 (24-30), the birth weight was 1108±377 (680- 1880) g and the mean post-gestational treatment week was 35.2±2.0 (33-39). Regression of ROP signs and plus disease was observed in all cases after treatment (100%). Additional laser photocoagulation therapy was performed to 4 eyes of 2 infants due to reactivation signs. Full retinal vascularization was achieved in 9 eyes of 5 patients in the follow-up period of these cases. The mean complete retinal vascularization week was 59.4±12.7 (52-82). Conclusion: High levels of regression can be achieved with intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy in AP-ROP cases. Furthermore, full retinal vascularization can be obtained with long-term follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The determination of corneal biomechanical properties in cases of anisometropic amblyopia and comparison of amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes of the same patients. Materials and Methods: The amblyopic and fellow eyes of 30 anisometropic amblyopic patients who were admitted to the eye clinic of Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital, between the dates of January to June 2014 were included to study. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) values were determined by ocular response analyser (ORA, Reichert;USA). Results: The mean CH value was 10.4±1.7 (7.8-14.8) mmHg in healthy eyes and 13.3±3.7 (8.8-22.7) mmHg in amblyopic eyes. The mean CRF value was 9.9±1.6 (6.2-13.4) mmHg in healthy eyes and 10.0±1.5 (6.3-13.2) in amblyopic eyes. The mean IOPcc value was 14.6±3.6 (7.6-22.1) in healthy eyes and 14.5±3.6 (8.8-22.7) in amblyopic eyes. The mean CH value and the mean CRF value were higher (p=0,001, p<0,001 respectively), and the mean IOPcc value was lower (p<0,001) in amblyopic eyes compared with fellow eyes of patients. There were no statistically significant difference between the amblyopic and fellow eyes of patients in the terms of mean IOPg values and mean CCT values (p=0.82, p=0,44 respectively). Conclusion: It was observed that CH and IOPcc values were significantly low in amblyopic eyes compared to fellow eyes of the same patients, whereas CRF values were high. However, there were no significant differences in CCT and IOPg values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate refractive errors in patients who applied to the outpatient clinic with the complaint of headache, in whom no pathology was found in routine examinations and tests that can explain the headache. This study was carried out by retrospective analysis of the cases who applied to the outpatient clinic between 01.10.2019 and 30.06.2020. Cases in whom no pathology was detected in the routine examination of headache in the pediatric outpatient clinic were included in the study. Among these cases, those who were found to have eye diseases such as strabismus, glaucoma and optic neuritis, which may cause headache, were excluded from the study. Autorefractometry values were obtained in all cases after cyclopentolate drop application and visual acuity was determined with the Snellen chart. Complaints of patients with refractive error after appropriate treatment were questioned. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0, frequency, mean, Chi-square, One-Way ANOVA and paired samples t test were used. A total number of 68 cases (39M, 29F) with a mean age of 13.01 (7.00-17.00) were included in the study. 41 (60.3%) cases had any eye complaints. No refractive error was detected in 21 (30.9%) cases. Hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism were detected respectively in 20 (29.4%), 16 (23.5%) and 11 (16.2%) cases. While refractive error was detected in 47 of 68 cases in this study, it was determined that the headache complaint of 72.3% of these patients disappeared after appropriate treatment of the refractive error. Among the groups with and without eye complaints; a significant difference was detected in terms of refractive error (P<0.001) and presence of headache after treatment (P<0.001). This study shows us the importance of referral to an ophthalmologist in pediatric and adolescent patients who apply to the hospital with headache complaint, even if they do not have any eye complaints. Thus, both referral to higher-level centers for further research can be prevented and refractive errors that may lead to amblyopia and cause permanent vision loss for life can be detected at an early stage and be treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the corneal densitometry (CD) measurements in patients with pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG). Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study included 22 eyes with PG, 19 eyes with PDS and 21 control individuals. After complete ophthalmological examination, all the eyes had central corneal thickness (CCT) and CD measurements by densitometry software of Pentacam HR-Scheimpflug corneal topography over a 12-mm diameter of the cornea. Chi-Square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, analysis of variance, and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: All the eyes with PG were under prostaglandin monotherapy. The mean CCT was significantly higher in PG cases than the other groups (p=0.01). The mean CD of anterior layer at the 0-2 mm was significantly higher in PG than PDS cases and normal subjects (p=0.007). The mean CD of total layer at the 0-2 mm was significantly higher in PG cases than control subjects (p=0.03). The mean CD of anterior layer at the 2-6 mm was significantly higher in PG than PDS cases (p=0.04). There were no significant differences of CD in other zones and layers between the groups. Conclusion: The presence of Krukenberg spindle, higher age in PG and the probable effects of glaucoma might cause corneal backscatter of light and increased CD particularly in anterior layers in central zones of cornea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) induced changes on corneal densitometry (CD) in cases with acute primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) during the post-laser 1 month period. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 21 eyes with first acute attack of PACG. All the eyes underwent LPI with neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser after the intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased to normal levels with maximal anti-glaucoma treatment and complete regression of corneal edema. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and CD values were measured by densitometry software of Pentacam HR-Scheimpflug corneal topography over a 12-mm diameter of the cornea just before and at the first week and first month after LPI. Results: The mean age of 13 female and 8 male cases was 56.6±7.9 years. The IOP during the acute attack was 47.5±4.2 mmHg and it decreased to 19.0±2.8 mmHg after medical treatment before LPI. Both the IOP and the CCT values decreased significantly values at the first week and month after LPI (p<0.001). Anterior, central, posterior and total corneal density values of at 0-2 mm zone, 2-6 mm zone, 6-10 mm zone and corneal density values of total zones decreased significantly at the first week and month after LPI. Conclusion: The corneal densitometry values were found to be decreased after LPI in acute PACG during the first month and this result was thought to be caused by the decrease in IOP and the regression of corneal edema due to LPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the anterior segment parameters of the two eyes in cases with asymmetric primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) by noncontact biometer (Haag-Streit LENSTAR® LS 900 Optical Biometer Switzerland) using optical low-coherence reflectometry. Materials and Methods: Cases who had been recently diagnosed as asymmetric POAG or OHT with the differences of intraocular pressure (IOP) =5 mmHg and/or vertical cup to disc (c/d) ratio =0.2 between their two eyes, were investigated prospectively. Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) measurements of their two eyes were measured by optical biometer (Haag-Streit LENSTAR® LS 900 Optical Biometer) before anti-glaucoma treatment and compared statistically. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Thirteen female and 16 male totally 29 cases (12 cases with OHT and 17 cases with POAG with a mean age of 53.8±8.9) were included to the study. No significant differences were found between the CCT (p=0.89), ACD (p=0.87), AL (p=0.74) and LT (p=0.56). In 26 cases IOP and the other glaucomatous findings were controlled by medical treatment while in 3 cases filtering surgeries were performed. Conclusions: The anterior segment parameters were found to have no direct effects on initial asymmetric clinical findings of the two eyes in cases with POAG and OHT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central retinal vein occlusion combined with cilioretinal artery occlusion is a rare condition due to absence of cilioretinal artery in every individual. A 40-year-old woman, who had no previous ophthalmologic disease history, applied to our clinic with sudden and painless visual loss in the right eye. Best corrected visual acuiyt was 20/400 in the right and 20/20 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed central retinal vein occlusion and silioretinal artery occlusion in the right eye. No pathology was found in the left eye. The systematic evaluation of the patient revealed heterozygous Factor V gene mutation and homozygous methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation. The combined cilioretinal artery and central retinal vein occlusion should be carefully investigated for the underlying and predisposing factors that could pose life threatening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to technological advances in vitrectomy surgery, good results have been obtained for approximately 4 decades with vitreoretinal diseases previously resulting in blindness. Numerous advances in the technologies and techniques have been made for the establishment and refinement of vitrectomy modality. Development of vitrectomy techniques is the focus in minimal damage to tissues. Of these, enormous advances in minimizing the size of the surgical equipment for carrying out sutureless vitrectomy may be the most remarkable advancement in modern vitrectomy surgery. With the recent advancements, we can now routinely achieve less invasive surgery and consequently have earlier recovery with improved safety. This article mentions about actual modern vitrectomy machines and innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitrectomy is a main surgery done for many diseases containing vitreus or retina pathologies. More than 500.000 vitrectomy procedures are performed every year around the world. Vitrectomy is a special surgery which may cause intraoperative and postoperative complications. Machemer's invented equipment performing infusion-suction-cutter (VISC) which was done aspiration, cutting and infusion all together in 1970. Then, vitrectomy machines entered in a process of development. This article mentions about main units and working principles of vitrectomy machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]