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Objective: To examine the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical profiles, and differential diagnosis of sclerosing angiomatiod nodular transformation (SANT). Methods: Three cases of SANT of the spleen, diagnosed between 2014 and 2023 at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, were analysed. Pathological features were assessed using haematoxylin and eosin staining, followed by immunohistochemistry with the EnVision system. Additionally, a review of relevant literature was conducted. Results: The study included one male and two female patients aged 40–55 years, with a median age of 47.5 years. All lesions were solitary, with tumour diameters ranging from 4 to 7.4 cm (mean 5.7 cm). Gross examination demonstrated that the masses were well-demarcated from the surrounding splenic tissue, with no evident capsule. The cut surfaces of the masses exhibited irregular, porcelain-white nodules that were tough in consistency, with some areas intermingling with splenic tissue. Microscopic examination revealed round or circular nodules comprising multiple slit-like or sinusoidal capillaries, separated by concentric collagen fibres. The nodules exhibited chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, calcification, haemosiderin deposition, and fibrous connective tissue with hyaline or mucoid changes. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated differential expression of markers, including cluster of differentiation (CD) 34, CD31, and CD8, within the sinusoidal nodule areas. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was positive for perinodular collagen deposits, while reticulin staining highlighted nodule profiles and intranodular vessels. None of the patients experienced postoperative recurrence or metastasis, and one patient was on aspirin for thrombocytosis. Conclusion: SANT of the spleen is generally considered a rare, benign lesion with angioma-like characteristics. It exhibits exhibiting distinctive histomorphological features within the red pulp. Understanding the differential diagnosis is crucial to prevent missed or incorrect diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective To examine the clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical profiles, and differential diagnosis of sclerosing angiomatiod nodular transformation (SANT). Methods Three cases of SANT of the spleen, diagnosed between 2014 and 2023 at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, were analysed. Pathological features were assessed using haematoxylin and eosin staining, followed by immunohistochemistry with the EnVision system. Additionally, a review of relevant literature was conducted. Results The study included one male and two female patients aged 40–55 years, with a median age of 47.5 years. All lesions were solitary, with tumour diameters ranging from 4 to 7.4 cm (mean 5.7 cm). Gross examination demonstrated that the masses were well-demarcated from the surrounding splenic tissue, with no evident capsule. The cut surfaces of the masses exhibited irregular, porcelain-white nodules that were tough in consistency, with some areas intermingling with splenic tissue. Microscopic examination revealed round or circular nodules comprising multiple slit-like or sinusoidal capillaries, separated by concentric collagen fibres. The nodules exhibited chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, calcification, haemosiderin deposition, and fibrous connective tissue with hyaline or mucoid changes. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated differential expression of markers, including cluster of differentiation (CD) 34, CD31, and CD8, within the sinusoidal nodule areas. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was positive for perinodular collagen deposits, while reticulin staining highlighted nodule profiles and intranodular vessels. None of the patients experienced postoperative recurrence or metastasis, and one patient was on aspirin for thrombocytosis. Conclusion SANT of the spleen is generally considered a rare, benign lesion with angioma-like characteristics. It exhibits exhibiting distinctive histomorphological features within the red pulp. Understanding the differential diagnosis is crucial to prevent missed or incorrect diagnoses.

Peliosis hepatis (PH) and sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen are uncommon benign lesions. Diagnosis can be difficult in some patients. Herein, we present the case of a 28-year-old woman referred with abdominal pain who had spleen lesions. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed multiple non-FDG avid lesions in the liver and hypermetabolic lesions in the spleen. In addition, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Histopathology revealed sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation in the spleen and PH in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a reactive non-neoplastic, rare vascular lesion of the spleen. The histology shows multiple angiomatoid nodules surrounded by proliferative stroma. A 31-year-old lady presented with an abdominal mass for 6 months. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen was suggestive of hemangiopericytoma/hemangioendothelioma. An open splenectomy was performed, and the resected specimen was sent for histopathology examination. The gross examination showed a bosselated mass present at the lower pole of the spleen measuring 8 × 8 cm with peripherally located coalescing red-brown nodules embedded in a dense fibrous stroma on the cut surface. On microscopy, multiple circumscribed angiomatoid nodules comprising irregular slit-like vascular channels lined by plump endothelial cells were seen embedded in dense sclerotic stroma. Because of the lack of specific diagnostic features, it is difficult to diagnose SANT clinically and radiologically. However, the typical histopathological findings are a clue in clinching the diagnosis.

This article examines the ideology of gift in the Sant hagiographies (paracaī) of Anantadās (16th/17th century). It is assumed that understanding author’s implicit view of gift giving (dāna) is fundamental to unraveling the meaning of certain episodes of the paracaīs. These involve curious cases such as that of Kabīr abandoning his dāna-related duties or those of various Sants, for example, Pīpā, offering gifts to the brahmins (who are, nevertheless, depicted mainly as enemies of the bhakts). The approach of Anantadās to dāna seems to differ significantly from the ideas expounded by the medieval Brahmanic, Buddhist, and Jain sources as it transcends the notion of the gift as being motivated by the socioreligious status of the recipient. It also proves the existence of a certain God-bhakt reciprocity. As such, dāna works on a soteriological level, as a devotional act aimed at creating a relationship with Hari, and on a proselytic level as a tool for expanding the religious community.

Simple Summary: Bromodomains are protein modules able to read the chromatin epigenetic state and translate it into gene expression. Extensive research has been conducted on bromodomain-containing proteins in humans, particularly in the context of disease and cancer. However, in plants their functions remain far less understood. The focus of this review is to comprehensively organize plant bromodomain proteins into functional groups and elucidate what is currently known about their functions, with an emphasis on the model plant Arabidopsis. By systemically examining these proteins, we aim to shed light on their diverse roles, highlight members with yet undetermined functions, present similarities and differences with other eukaryotic homologs and pinpoint unresolved questions that present exciting opportunities for future research in this field. We anticipate that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding and inspire further investigations into the functions of these remarkable proteins in plants. Bromodomain-containing proteins (BRD-proteins) are the "readers" of histone lysine acetylation, translating chromatin state into gene expression. They act alone or as components of larger complexes and exhibit diverse functions to regulate gene expression; they participate in chromatin remodeling complexes, mediate histone modifications, serve as scaffolds to recruit transcriptional regulators or act themselves as transcriptional co-activators or repressors. Human BRD-proteins have been extensively studied and have gained interest as potential drug targets for various diseases, whereas in plants, this group of proteins is still not well investigated. In this review, we aimed to concentrate scientific knowledge on these chromatin "readers" with a focus on Arabidopsis. We organized plant BRD-proteins into groups based on their functions and domain architecture and summarized the published work regarding their interactions, activity and diverse functions. Overall, it seems that plant BRD-proteins are indispensable components and fine-tuners of the complex network plants have built to regulate development, flowering, hormone signaling and response to various biotic or abiotic stresses. This work will facilitate the understanding of their roles in plants and highlight BRD-proteins with yet undiscovered functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the ideology of gift in the Sant hagiographies (paracaī) of Anantadās (16th/17th century). It is assumed that understanding author's implicit view of gift giving (dāna) is fundamental to unraveling the meaning of certain episodes of the paracaīs. These involve curious cases such as that of Kabīr abandoning his dāna-related duties or those of various Sants, for example, Pīpā, offering gifts to the brahmins (who are, nevertheless, depicted mainly as enemies of the bhakts). The approach of Anantadās to dāna seems to differ significantly from the ideas expounded by the medieval Brahmanic, Buddhist, and Jain sources as it transcends the notion of the gift as being motivated by the socioreligious status of the recipient. It also proves the existence of a certain God-bhakt reciprocity. As such, dāna works on a soteriological level, as a devotional act aimed at creating a relationship with Hari, and on a proselytic level as a tool for expanding the religious community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los Josmanīs son los Sants, buscadores espirituales, de los pueblos del este de Nepal. Seguidores de un movimiento que data de alrededor del siglo XVII, los Josmanīs adoptaron el modelo de los Sants Nirgun del norte de India, tales como Kabir o Tukaram. La mayoría de los Josmanīs provienen de las familias Rai no brahmánicas. Mediante canciones populares, estos Sants hicieron accesibles las enseñanzas de los textos hindúes esotéricos a los laicos, al mismo tiempo que confrontaron jerarquías de castas y diversas formas de ortodoxia. Deseosos de preservar las prácticas yóguicas y las enseñanzas espirituales, se involucraron en varios movimientos de transformación social. Al mismo tiempo, desempeñaron un papel ejemplar en la elevación del espíritu social al infundir un significado más profundo en la vida cotidiana. Sus canciones y textos breves están imbuidos de una profunda reflexión filosófica, aun cuando están compuestos en lengua vernácula. En cierto sentido, los Josmanīs revitalizan el yoga, el tantra y al vedānta a través de sus canciones sencillas, permeadas de profundas metáforas.

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This article focuses on the Dādūpanth, a religious community centered on the teachings of Dādū Dayāl (1544–1603), a Sant poet of Rajasthan. The aim of the text is to analyze how various forms of patronage affected the formation of the ideology and identity of this community. The article examines especially the Dādūpanthī ideology of patronage by focusing on the Dādū Janma Līlā (c. 1620), which contains an account of the supposed meeting between Dādū and the emperor Akbar, during which Dādū rejects all offers of patronage. His position needs elucidation as it stands in contrast with the later tendency of the post-17th century Dādūpanth to accept royal and merchant patronage. After analyzing how the hagiography establishes Dādū's authority and having considered in what types of manuscripts the hagiography was distributed by itinerant preachers, it is suggested that this work is driven by a strong proselytic agenda and that it employs a 'pedagogical strategy'—represented by the topos of rejected royal support—to establish relationships with merchant patrons. The article concludes with the observation that the increase in royal patronage from the 17th to the 19th century led to changes in the Dādūpanthī ideology that entailed a shift toward a Vaishnava identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ventriculoperitoneal shunt, silicone cerebral spinal fluid shunting system, is the most common effective treatment of hydrocephalus (1). Despite enhancements in surgical techniques, and devices, various problems and difficulties are still experienced in the surgery of cerebral spinal fluid shunting. Aging and degradation of the shunt material, hypersensitivity caused by degraded silicone, and shunt obstruction caused by calcification of the catheter are typical examples of late complications. Calcification and related dysfunction of ventriculoperitoneal shunt are rare events in neurosurgical practice. Shunt calcification causes shunt dysfunction in two ways, namely disconnection and obstruction. We present a 34-year-old male patient with shunt malfunction due to obstruction secondary to calcification.

In eukaryotes, histone acetylation is a major modification on histone N‐terminal tails that is tightly connected to transcriptional activation. HDA6 is a histone deacetylase involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes and transposable elements (TEs) in Arabidopsis thaliana. HDA6 has been shown to participate in several complexes in plants, including a conserved SIN3 complex. Here, we uncover a novel protein complex containing HDA6, several Harbinger transposon‐derived proteins (HHP1, SANT1, SANT2, SANT3, and SANT4), and MBD domain‐containing proteins (MBD1, MBD2, and MBD4). We show that mutations of all four SANT genes in the sant‐null mutant cause increased expression of the flowering repressors FLC, MAF4, and MAF5, resulting in a late flowering phenotype. Transcriptome deep sequencing reveals that while the SANT proteins and HDA6 regulate the expression of largely overlapping sets of genes, TE silencing is unaffected in sant‐null mutants. Our global histone H3 acetylation profiling shows that SANT proteins and HDA6 modulate gene expression through deacetylation. Collectively, our findings suggest that Harbinger transposon‐derived SANT domain‐containing proteins are required for histone deacetylation and flowering time control in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is an extremely rare benign lesion. Here, we describe the case of a 52-year-woman who was diagnosed with sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT revealed a solid lesion in the splenic hilum that was slowly enhanced between the portal venous and equilibrium phases incidentally. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) revealed FDG accumulation within the mass, with a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 2.57. Based on these findings, the patient was scheduled for laparoscopic splenectomy. The total operating time was 193 min, and the intraoperative blood loss was 20 ml. The resected specimen was 9.0 × 8.4 × 5.6 cm and dark brown in colour with a large central stellate fibrotic scar. Pathological examination revealed nodular angioma lesions and the proliferation of fibrotic interstices and inflammatory cells. We could diagnose the SANT by the only HE staining without Immunohistochemical staining. Although SANT is a rare benign lesion, which is difficult to definitively diagnose based on preoperative imaging findings alone, it should be considered in cases of solitary splenic lesions, and we recommend performing LS and subsequent histological examination for the diagnosis of this disease. • Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is an extremely rare benign lesion. • SANT is a rare benign lesion, which is difficult to definitively diagnose based on preoperative imaging findings alone. • We recommend performing LS and subsequent histological examination for the diagnosis of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giriş: Koroid pleksus gebeliğin 6. haftasında nöroepitelial duvardan gelişmeye başlar. Bu hücrelerden köken alan koroid pleksus tümörlerinin geniş spektrumlu histolojik ve biyolojik özellikleri bulunmaktadır. İntrakranial tümörlerin % 0.2-1ini oluştururlar. Hemen her zaman artmış kafa içi basınç bulguları ile birliktedirler. Tanıda kompüterize tomografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme esastır. Tedavi ise gros total rezeksiyondur. Çalışmamızın amacı her iki lateral ventrikülü ve üçüncü ventrikülü dolduran nadir görülen diffüz villöz hiperplazi olgusunu sunmak ve koroid plexus tümölerinde tedavi yaklaşımı ve cerrahi sonuçları tartışmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2011 ve 2017 yılları arasında 11 hastaya cerrahi uyuladık: 9 olguda koroid plexus papillomu, 1 olguda atipik koroid plexus papillomu ve 1 olguda diffüz villöz hiperplazi mevcuttu. Olguların en küçüğü 2 aylık en büyüğü 12 aylık olup ortalama yaş 8.6 ay idi. Olguların 4 ü kız, 7 si erkekti. Tümör olguların 7 sinde sol, 3 ünde sağ lateral ventrikülde 1 inde her iki lateral ventrikül ve 3 ventrikülde idi. Tüm olgularda tanı ve takip radyolojik inceleme ile gerçekleştirildi.Bulgular: Hastalarımızın tümünde artmış kafa içi basıncına bağlı bulgular vardı ve 3 hastamıza hidrosefali nedeni ile ventriküloperitoneal şant uygulandı. Ortalama takip süremiz 3.6 yıl olup hastalarımızın hepsi yaşamaktadır.Sonuç: Koroid pleksus tümörleri tedavisinde gros total eksizyon esastır.

The story of Laila and Majnun served numerous poets in the Persian cosmopolis with an occasion to comment on love, both earthly and divine, and its transformative power. This essay examines an early modern Brajbhasha version of this famous love story and the ways in which a seventeenth-century Rajput-Muslim poet navigated register, idiom, plot, and literary devices so as to create a tale that addressed as wide an audience as possible, comprised of different religious sects, without losing sight of the Sufi message of the work. This, in turn, points to the need to study religious communities in early modern South Asia not as isolated islands but as part of a loosely connected network in which interaction, shared motifs, stories, and concepts were commonplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the Dādūpanth, a religious community centered on the teachings of Dādū Dayāl (1544–1603), a Sant poet of Rajasthan. The aim of the text is to analyze how various forms of patronage affected the formation of the ideology and identity of this community. The article examines especially the Dādūpanthī ideology of patronage by focusing on the Dādū Janma Līlā (c. 1620), which contains an account of the supposed meeting between Dādū and the emperor Akbar, during which Dādū rejects all offers of patronage. His position needs elucidation as it stands in contrast with the later tendency of the post-17th century Dādūpanth to accept royal and merchant patronage. After analyzing how the hagiography establishes Dādū’s authority and having considered in what types of manuscripts the hagiography was distributed by itinerant preachers, it is suggested that this work is driven by a strong proselytic agenda and that it employs a ‘pedagogical strategy’—represented by the topos of rejected royal support—to establish relationships with merchant patrons. The article concludes with the observation that the increase in royal patronage from the 17th to the 19th century led to changes in the Dādūpanthī ideology that entailed a shift toward a Vaishnava identity.

Introduction. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation is a benign splenic pseudotumorous multinodular vascular proliferation. In the past, it was usually reported as splenic hamartoma, multinodular hemangioma or splenic hemangioendothelioma. Since it was defined in 2004, a total of 150 cases have been reported. We will present our experience with a 58-year-old female patient who underwent splenectomy due to the tumorous change in the upper pole of the spleen, histopathologically characterized as sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. Case outline. A 58-year-old women presented with abdominal pain, anemia, elevated C-reactive protein and fibrinogen level. Abdominal ultrasound and MDCT scan found a well-circumscribed, homogeneous, low-density tumor in the upper pole of the spleen. As the nature of the tumorous change could not be accurately determined and malignancy could not be excluded, splenectomy was performed. Histological findings showed multiple similar nodular foci, hardly discernible from splenic parenchyma, angiomatoid nodules surrounded and separated by partly collagenized fibroblastic areas admixed with mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in various proportions. All findings were characterized as the coexistence of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen and splenic inflammatory pseudotumor. Conclusion. Splenectomy, laparoscopic or open, is an acceptable therapeutic and at the same time diagnostic method. Considering the important role of the spleen in the immune system, partial splenectomy is also an option, especially in children. However, the coexistence of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen and inflammatory pseudotumor indicates a careful treatment decision, given the tendency of inflammatory pseudotumor to relapse, and, rarely, the possibility of malignant transformation.

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Abstract Background Maffucci syndrome is a congenital, non-hereditary mesodermal dysplasia characterized by multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas. The presence of visceral vascular lesions in this syndrome is exceedingly rare. Case presentation We report a 26-year-old female who was diagnosed with Maffucci syndrome along with sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen. The patient underwent a laparoscopic splenectomy. Immunostaining of the excised specimen revealed 3 distinct types of vessels in the angiomatoid nodules: CD34−/CD8−/CD31+ small veins, CD34−/CD8+/CD31+ sinusoids, and CD34+/CD8−/CD31+ capillaries, leading to the diagnosis of SANT of the spleen. Conclusions This case reports the first patient in the literature exhibiting the features of Maffucci syndrome along with SANT of the spleen. The spleen is probably a predilection site of visceral vascular lesions in this syndrome with a proportion of 4 out of 14. An abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scan is recommended for any cases of abdominal discomfort. Surgical excision is usually sufficient because of the relatively benign behavior of SANT, however, a more aggressive follow-up is proposed due to the high risk of malignant transformation of enchondromas and development of other neoplasms associated with this syndrome. Further studies are required to reveal its genetic basis for comprehensive prognosis evaluation and therapeutic guidance.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a rare benign vascular lesion with unknown pathogenesis and no definitive pathognomonic radiological features. The majority of patients with SANT are asymptomatic, and the lesion is an incidental finding on cross-sectional imaging performed for unrelated reasons or during intra-abdominal surgery. However, in the symptomatic minority, abdominal pain is the most commonly reported symptom. SANT generally remains stable or has very slow growth, making it amenable to surveillance using serial cross-sectional imaging. Herein, we report the unusual case of SANT in a 30-year-old female with rapid growth from 6.0 × 5.6 × 4.4 cm to 8.0 × 6.6 × 7.2 cm over 21 months. Given the rapid growth, it was imperative to rule out malignancy. Thus, the patient underwent a laparoscopic total splenectomy. For SANT, splenectomy serves the dual purpose of diagnosis and definitive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peliosis hepatis (PH) and sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen are uncommon benign lesions. Diagnosis can be difficult in some patients. Herein, we present the case of a 28-year-old woman referred with abdominal pain who had spleen lesions. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed multiple non-FDG avid lesions in the liver and hypermetabolic lesions in the spleen. In addition, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Histopathology revealed sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation in the spleen and PH in the liver., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflicts of interest were declared by the authors., (Copyright© 2024 The Author. Published by Galenos Publishing House on behalf of the Turkish Society of Nuclear Medicine.)

Highlights • Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a recently recognized benign, proliferative vascular lesion affecting the spleen. • A limited number of cases are described in the worldwide literature. • Further case studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of SANT and its possible various etiologies. • In the light of above splenectomy at now is the choice treatment both for diagnosis and treatment. • This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Abstract Introduction SANT of the spleen is a benign lesion that does not recur after splenectomy with unknown etiology. Presentation of the case We report a case of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen mimicking a splenic abscess in a patient with imaging studies that failed to differentiate this lesion from other splenic lesions. Discussion SANT of the spleen is a rare condition, with only less than 100 cases reported in the literature. Clinically, SANT is only a kind of described pathological diagnostic conception. As in our case, these splenic lesions are often incidental findings on imaging studies performed for other reasons. Conclusion The patient was treated with splenectomy, which has proved to be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Although histology can lead to the diagnosis of vascular tumor, immunohistochemistry is the only way to confirm the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to (a) investigate the associations between indices of stress severity across the lifespan (early, middle, late life) and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults, and (b) examine whether a healthy lifestyle composite score comprised of physical activity, healthy diet adherence, social engagement, sleep quality, and mindful relaxation moderates the associations between lifespan stress severity and cognitive function. Participants ( n  = 226, M age  = 68.2 ± 6.5, 68.1% female) completed questionnaires to measure stress and lifestyle behaviours, and three online neurocognitive tasks. No direct associations between stress severity and cognition were found. The healthy lifestyle composite score moderated the associations between early, midlife, and late-life stress severity and inhibitory control. Exploratory analyses suggest that this moderating effect may be sex-dependent. Despite study limitations and the need for additional research, findings provide preliminary support for the role of lifestyle behaviours in enhancing older adults' resilience to the effects of stress on cognitive health in a sex-specific manner.

Purpose: Choroid plexus develops at the 6th week of gestation from neuroepithelial lining. Choroid plexus tumors, originating from these cells have wide spectral hystological and biological features. They constitute 0,2- 1% of intracranial tumors. They almost mostly present with raised intracranial pressure symptoms. Computeried tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are essential in diagnosis. Therapy is gross total resection. The aim of this s tudy i s t o p resent a r are c ase w ith d iffuse v illous hyperplasia filling both of the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle and to discuss the therapeudic approach and surgical results of choroid plexus tumors. Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2017 we performed surgery to 11 patients; 9 with choroid plexus papilloma, 1 with atypical choroid plexus papilloma and 1 with diffuse villous hyperplasia. The youngest patient was two months old, the oldest one was 12 months and the average age was 8.6 months. Four cases were female, seven were m ale. T he t umor w as a t t he l eft lateral ventricle in seven and at the right lateral ventricle in three cases. The tumor was at the both lateral ventricles and third ventricle in one case. All of the cases were diagnosed and followed up with radiological investigations. Results: All of our patients presented with raised intracranial pressure and 3 of them underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt application because of hydrocephalus. Average postoperative follow up period is 3.6 years and all the cases are alive. Conclusion: Gross total excision is essential for choroid plexus tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1982, a Rāmsnehī sant named Vintiram wrote a Hindi prose biography of his lineage's founder, Rāmcaraṇ of Shahpura (1720-98), quoting liberally from previous hagiographical verse. Although the late verse narratives showcase miracles, the earliest presents a believable story about a sant from a mercantile caste attracting initial followers among people of similar backgrounds, who spread their new sect through caste networks and make strategic political interventions. The paper examines the significance of Rāmcaraṇ as a sant in post-Mughal Rajasthan and Vintiram's representation of him to his own contemporaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the spleen, first reported as a distinct histopathological entity in 2004, is exceedingly rare in children. The clinical progression and pathophysiologic features of this disease are poorly described in the literature. We performed a literature review of reported cases of SANT. Out of 258 reported cases, only five were in children. We present a sixth case of SANT in a four-year-old boy who presented with chronic anemia and elevated inflammatory markers. The relative variability in case presentation and the clinical concern for malignancy, warrant further disease characterization and discussion of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a 57-year-old male admitted to emergency department with acute loss of consciousness and diagnosed with third ventricular arachnoid cyst. Transcallosal cyst resection was performed following an emergency ventriculostomy. Postoperative imaging revealed gross-total cyst excision and a moderate decrease in hydrocephalus. However, the patient improved only after a subsequent ventriculoperitoneal shunting. This time, however, a subdural hematoma occurred under the craniotomy incision. In conclusion, surgical approach for the treatment of arachnoid cysts of the third ventricle should be selected carefully. Cyst excision via open craniotomy may require subsequent shunting and can cause serious complications such as subdural hematoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents the first part of a study concerning the research on magic carried out by Ştefania Cristescu-Golopenţia in the context of the monographic campaigns of Dimitrie Gusti's School (1929-1945). The second part examines Sanda Golopenţia's 1984-2011 "reconstruction" of her mother's work.

Suur Vanker (‘the Great Wain’ in Estonian, the Big Dipper) is a commonly known constellation in Estonia. In addition to Suur Vanker, the astronym Hunt Härja kõrval ‘Wolf beside the Ox’ is one of the oldest written recordings of ethno-astronomic designations. The tale about farmer Peedu and his wagon, formalised and elaborated by JakobHurt based on his collections, has been printed in school textbooks since the issuing of Mihkel Kampmann’s reading book, Kooli lugemise raamat at the beginning of the previous century. Thus, the story is widely known and has been simultaneously considered an Estonian astral myth.

The eukaryotic genome is packaged into the cell nucleus in the form of chromatin, a complex of genomic DNA and histone proteins. Chromatin structure regulation is critical for all DNA templated processes and involves, among many things, extensive post-translational modification of the histone proteins. These modifications can be “read out” by histone binding subdomains known as histone reader domains. A large number of reader domains have been identified and found to selectively recognize an array of histone post-translational modifications in order to target, retain, or regulate chromatin-modifying and remodeling complexes at their substrates. Interestingly, an increasing number of these histone reader domains are being identified as also harboring nucleic acid binding activity. In this review, we present a summary of the histone reader domains currently known to bind nucleic acids, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of binding and the interplay between DNA and histone recognition. Additionally, we highlight the functional implications of nucleic acid binding in chromatin association and regulation. We propose that nucleic acid binding is as functionally important as histone binding, and that a significant portion of the as yet untested reader domains will emerge to have nucleic acid binding capabilities.

Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a benign vascular lesion with peculiar histological features. The pathogenesis of SANT is still largely unknown and variable etiologies have been proposed, including autoimmune, inflammatory, and/or vascular disorders. The present report describes a unique case of splenic SANT, associated with focal nodular hyperplasia and a sclerosing hemangioma of the liver. The clinic-pathological features of such an unusual case are thoroughly illustrated. Its possible pathogenic mechanisms are also briefly addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Letter, a Siamese adversarial network tracker (SANT) is proposed. Recently, in computer vision field, generative adversarial network (GAN) has been widely used for image and video generation. Using the GAN, the proposed method constructs a Siamese adversarial network (SAN) for object tracking. Unlike existing GANs, the proposed SAN uses similarity learning with SAN discriminator. To show the effectiveness of the proposed SAN, the same structure as the residual long‐short‐term memory tracker is used. Experimental results show that the proposed SANT achieves the highest performance among existing Siamese trackers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the fall of 2011, at the same time with the archaeological diggings on the ground wall of Precincts IV of the Bronze Age fortification at Corneşti-Iarcuri, an archaeological survey (section T. V/2011) was made on the southern side of Precincts II (the southern terrace of the Lac Stream) (Pl. I/1). Those archaeological investigations on the basis of magnetic survey put in light a Vatina type settlement, belonging to the middle Bronze Age. Through that magnetic prospecting, a circular structure was signed down (AU. 01), limited by a wall, with the inner space of about 26. (Pl. I/2), limited by a wall. The survey section T. V/2011 aimed to identify the circular structure (AU. 01) within the area with Vatina archaeological findings and to date it. The section toward north-south cut the wall of that circular precincts AU. 01, in the southern part of it. TV/2011 dimensions: 6.0 m length, 2.00 m in breadth, with a final depth of -0.30 m in the northern side and -0.60 m in the southern one (Pl. ½, II/a). In the investigated area, the limiting wall of AU. 01 was of 2.70 m in breadth and 1.30 m depth. Archaeological artifacts were found in the wall padding; these ones belong to Vatina Culture, group Corneşti-Crvenka, respectively, from the middle Bronze Age (Pl. IV- VII). According to P. Reinecke's modified chronological system, these archaeological findings date back in phase Bz. B1-Bz. B2 partly. The small diameter of the precincts (AU. 01) and the circular wall small depth rule out the hypothesis of a defensive part for a certain human community. To protect or fence in animals might have been the precincts usage. Certain satellite photos plead for as in the same area two other circular precincts of about 20.00 m, and 21.00 m diameter (Pl. III/2) are visible. Google Earth satellite images (2006) point out that this structure is not a singular one, two other circular precincts of the same dimension about being visible in the east of the wall, outside Precincts II. There were no traces of pits for wooden pillars that would plead for a woody fence, but we cannot forgo the hypothesis of a fence there. A fence of brambles, which let no archaeological traces, might have been the solution at that time. New information will be brought through future archaeological investigations in the Precincts II within Corneşti-Iarcuri fortification, concerning both the inner organization and the length of time of Vatina settlement there that went before the fortification of the late Bronze Age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is an exceedingly rare, benign and proliferative vascular lesion that arises from the splenic red pulp. It is often an incidental finding on imaging. The diagnosis of SANT is confirmed via histopathological examination of the resected spleen. Herein, we present a case of SANT and describe its typical imaging characteristics. An asymptomatic 39-year-old man was found to have a 3.1 cm × 2.7 cm × 2.3 cm hypoechoic splenic lesion during abdominal ultrasonography, which was performed to investigate his elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine transaminase levels. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography suggested a vascular splenic lesion, while magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated features consistent with SANT. In view of the increasing size of the lesion on follow-up imaging, the patient elected for splenectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed SANT, and the lesion was completely resected by laparoscopic splenectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine whether there was a difference in wealth and cardiovascular disease ( CVD) risk between microcredit loan beneficiaries and community-matched non-beneficiaries (controls). Methods Seven hundred and twenty-six households of microcredit loan beneficiaries were matched with 726 controls by age, sex and community. A standardised interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on health and household expenditure. Weights, heights, waist circumference and blood pressure measurements were taken for an adult and one child (6-16 years) from each household. Results Amongst adults, there was no difference in the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension. More male (68.1% vs. 47.8%) and female beneficiaries (84.5% vs. 77.9%) were overweight/obese. More male (17.2% vs. 7.1%; P < 0.05) and female beneficiaries (68.5% vs. 63.3%; P < 0.05) exhibited substantially increased risk for CVD. Children of beneficiaries displayed higher mean BMI-for-age z-scores than their control peers: males 0.56 [95% CI 0.40-0.72] vs. 0.18 [95% CI 0.02-0.35] ( P < 0.001) and females 0.66 [95% CI 0.52-0.80] vs. 0.42 [95% CI 0.29-0.56] ( P < 0.001). Based on BMI-for-age z-scores, children of beneficiaries had greater odds of being overweight/obese ( OR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.18-1.82) Beneficiaries were economically better off; their mean total annual expenditure and house ownership were significantly higher than controls ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Microcredit financing is positively associated with wealth acquisition but worsened cardiovascular risk status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subduroperitoneal shunting is a commonly used treatment option for subdural fluid collections. Cranial migration of subduroperitoneal shunt is a rare complication. We report two cases with cranial migration of subduroperitoneal shunts. Both of them had a previous cranial surgery and they secondarily developed subdural fluid collections. These collections were treated with subduroperitoneal shunting using a single peritoneal catheter. Inadequate fixing can result in migration of these single catheters. Elevated intra-abdominal pressure, due to any occasion may also help this migration. We recommend using silk or other braided non- absorbable sutures and anchoring wings for fixing single catheters when used in treatment of subdural fluid collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: Review and phylogenic analysis on ZUO1/ZRF orthologs. Abstract: Heat shock protein 40s (Hsp40s), also known as J-proteins, are conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The Zuotin/Zuotin-related factor (ZUO1/ZRF) family belongs to a novel Hsp40 clade exclusively found in eukaryotes. Zuotin/Zuotin-related factor proteins are characterized by a large N terminal ZUO1 domain originally identified in the yeast ZUO1 protein. The ZUO1 domain is characterized by a highly conserved J-domain, together with an atypical UBD domain first identified in the human ZRF1 protein. Furthermore, ZUO1/ZRF protein families in animals and plants harbor a pair of C terminal SANT domains, suggesting the divergence of their functions with those in fungi. Zuotin/Zuotin-related factor proteins retain the ancestral function as an Hsp70 co-chaperone implicated in protein folding and renaturation after stress; these proteins also perform diverse neofunctions in the cytoplasm and transcriptional and/or epigenetic regulatory functions in the nucleus. Therefore, these proteins are involved in translational fidelity control, ribosomal biogenesis, asymmetric cell division, cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. The results of sequence and domain organization analysis of proteins from diverse organisms provided valuable insights into the evolutionary conservation and diversity of ZUO1/ZRF protein family. Further, phylogenetic analysis provides a platform for future functional investigation on the ZUO1/ZRF protein family, particularly in higher plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]