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2. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

Author

Kuhn, J.H., Adkins, S., Alioto, D., Alkhovsky, S.V., Amarasinghe, G.K., Anthony, S.J., Avšič-Županc, T., Ayllón, M.A., Bahl, J., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Ballinger, M.J., Bartonička, T., Basler, C., Bavari, S., Beer, M., Bente, D.A., Bergeron, É., Bird, B.H., Blair, C., Blasdell, K.R., Bradfute, S.B., Breyta, R., Briese, T., Brown, P.A., Buchholz, U.J., Buchmeier, M.J., Bukreyev, A., Burt, F., Buzkan, N., Calisher, C.H., Cao, M., Casas, I., Chamberlain, J., Chandran, K., Charrel, R.N., Chen, B., Chiumenti, M., Choi, I-R, Clegg, J.C.S., Crozier, I., da Graça, J.V., Dal Bó, E., Dávila, A.M.R., de la Torre, J.C., de Lamballerie, X., de Swart, R.L., Di Bello, P.L., Di Paola, N., Di Serio, F., Dietzgen, R.G., Digiaro, M., Dolja, V.V., Dolnik, O., Drebot, M.A., Drexler, J.F., Dürrwald, R., Dufkova, L., Dundon, W.G., Duprex, W.P., Dye, J.M., Easton, A.J., Ebihara, H., Elbeaino, T., Ergünay, K., Fernandes, J., Fooks, A.R., Formenty, P.B.H., Forth, L.F., Fouchier, R.A.M., Freitas-Astúa, J., Gago-Zachert, S., Gāo, G.F., García, M.L., García-Sastre, A., Garrison, A.R., Gbakima, A., Goldstein, T., Gonzalez, J-P.J., Griffiths, A., Groschup, M.H., Günther, S., Guterres, A., Hall, R.A., Hammond, J., Hassan, M., Hepojoki, J., Hepojoki, S., Hetzel, U., Hewson, R., Hoffmann, B., Hongo, S., Höper, D., Horie, M., Hughes, H.R., Hyndman, T.H., Jambai, A., Jardim, R., Jiāng, D., Jin, Q., Jonson, G.B., Junglen, S., Karadağ, S., Keller, K.E., Klempa, B., Klingström, J., Kobinger, G., Kondō, H., Koonin, E.V., Krupovic, M., Kurath, G., Kuzmin, I.V., Laenen, L., Lamb, R.A., Lambert, A.J., Langevin, S.L., Lee, B., Lemos, E.R.S., Leroy, E.M., Li, D., Lǐ, J., Liang, M., Liú, W., Liú, Y., Lukashevich, I.S., Maes, P., Marciel de Souza, W., Marklewitz, M., Marshall, S.H., Martelli, G.P., Martin, R.R., Marzano, S-Y.L., Massart, S., McCauley, J.W., Mielke-Ehret, N., Minafra, A., Minutolo, M., Mirazimi, A., Mühlbach, H-P, Mühlberger, E., Naidu, R., Natsuaki, T., Navarro, B., Navarro, J.A., Netesov, S.V., Neumann, G., Nowotny, N., Nunes, M.R.T., Nylund, A., Økland, A.L., Oliveira, R.C., Palacios, G., Pallas, V., Pályi, B., Papa, A., Parrish, C.R., Pauvolid-Corrêa, A., Pawęska, J.T., Payne, S., Perez, D.R., Pfaff, F., Radoshitzky, S.R., Rahman, A-U, Ramos-González, P.L., Resende, R.O., Reyes, C.A., Rima, B.K., Romanowski, V., Robles Luna, G., Rota, P., Rubbenstroth, D., Runstadler, J.A., Ruzek, D., Sabanadzovic, S., Salat, J., Sall, A.A., Salvato, M.S., Sarpkaya, K., Sasaya, T., Schwemmle, M., Shabbir, M.Z., Shí, X., Shí, Z., Shirako, Y., Simmonds, P., Širmarová, J., Sironi, M., Smither, S., Smura, T., Song, J-W, Spann, K.M., Spengler, J.R., Stenglein, M.D., Stone, D.M., Straková, P., Takada, A., Tesh, R.B., Thornburg, N.J., Tomonaga, K., Tordo, N., Towner, J.S., Turina, M., Tzanetakis, I., Ulrich, R.G., Vaira, A.M., van den Hoogen, B., Varsani, A., Vasilakis, N., Verbeek, M., Wahl, V., Walker, P.J., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, L-F, Wèi, T., Wells, H., Whitfield, A.E., Williams, J.V., Wolf, Y.I., Wú, Z., Yang, X., Yáng, X., Yu, X., Yutin, N., Zerbini, F.M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y-Z, Zhou, G., Zhou, X., Kuhn, J.H., Adkins, S., Alioto, D., Alkhovsky, S.V., Amarasinghe, G.K., Anthony, S.J., Avšič-Županc, T., Ayllón, M.A., Bahl, J., Balkema-Buschmann, A., Ballinger, M.J., Bartonička, T., Basler, C., Bavari, S., Beer, M., Bente, D.A., Bergeron, É., Bird, B.H., Blair, C., Blasdell, K.R., Bradfute, S.B., Breyta, R., Briese, T., Brown, P.A., Buchholz, U.J., Buchmeier, M.J., Bukreyev, A., Burt, F., Buzkan, N., Calisher, C.H., Cao, M., Casas, I., Chamberlain, J., Chandran, K., Charrel, R.N., Chen, B., Chiumenti, M., Choi, I-R, Clegg, J.C.S., Crozier, I., da Graça, J.V., Dal Bó, E., Dávila, A.M.R., de la Torre, J.C., de Lamballerie, X., de Swart, R.L., Di Bello, P.L., Di Paola, N., Di Serio, F., Dietzgen, R.G., Digiaro, M., Dolja, V.V., Dolnik, O., Drebot, M.A., Drexler, J.F., Dürrwald, R., Dufkova, L., Dundon, W.G., Duprex, W.P., Dye, J.M., Easton, A.J., Ebihara, H., Elbeaino, T., Ergünay, K., Fernandes, J., Fooks, A.R., Formenty, P.B.H., Forth, L.F., Fouchier, R.A.M., Freitas-Astúa, J., Gago-Zachert, S., Gāo, G.F., García, M.L., García-Sastre, A., Garrison, A.R., Gbakima, A., Goldstein, T., Gonzalez, J-P.J., Griffiths, A., Groschup, M.H., Günther, S., Guterres, A., Hall, R.A., Hammond, J., Hassan, M., Hepojoki, J., Hepojoki, S., Hetzel, U., Hewson, R., Hoffmann, B., Hongo, S., Höper, D., Horie, M., Hughes, H.R., Hyndman, T.H., Jambai, A., Jardim, R., Jiāng, D., Jin, Q., Jonson, G.B., Junglen, S., Karadağ, S., Keller, K.E., Klempa, B., Klingström, J., Kobinger, G., Kondō, H., Koonin, E.V., Krupovic, M., Kurath, G., Kuzmin, I.V., Laenen, L., Lamb, R.A., Lambert, A.J., Langevin, S.L., Lee, B., Lemos, E.R.S., Leroy, E.M., Li, D., Lǐ, J., Liang, M., Liú, W., Liú, Y., Lukashevich, I.S., Maes, P., Marciel de Souza, W., Marklewitz, M., Marshall, S.H., Martelli, G.P., Martin, R.R., Marzano, S-Y.L., Massart, S., McCauley, J.W., Mielke-Ehret, N., Minafra, A., Minutolo, M., Mirazimi, A., Mühlbach, H-P, Mühlberger, E., Naidu, R., Natsuaki, T., Navarro, B., Navarro, J.A., Netesov, S.V., Neumann, G., Nowotny, N., Nunes, M.R.T., Nylund, A., Økland, A.L., Oliveira, R.C., Palacios, G., Pallas, V., Pályi, B., Papa, A., Parrish, C.R., Pauvolid-Corrêa, A., Pawęska, J.T., Payne, S., Perez, D.R., Pfaff, F., Radoshitzky, S.R., Rahman, A-U, Ramos-González, P.L., Resende, R.O., Reyes, C.A., Rima, B.K., Romanowski, V., Robles Luna, G., Rota, P., Rubbenstroth, D., Runstadler, J.A., Ruzek, D., Sabanadzovic, S., Salat, J., Sall, A.A., Salvato, M.S., Sarpkaya, K., Sasaya, T., Schwemmle, M., Shabbir, M.Z., Shí, X., Shí, Z., Shirako, Y., Simmonds, P., Širmarová, J., Sironi, M., Smither, S., Smura, T., Song, J-W, Spann, K.M., Spengler, J.R., Stenglein, M.D., Stone, D.M., Straková, P., Takada, A., Tesh, R.B., Thornburg, N.J., Tomonaga, K., Tordo, N., Towner, J.S., Turina, M., Tzanetakis, I., Ulrich, R.G., Vaira, A.M., van den Hoogen, B., Varsani, A., Vasilakis, N., Verbeek, M., Wahl, V., Walker, P.J., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, L-F, Wèi, T., Wells, H., Whitfield, A.E., Williams, J.V., Wolf, Y.I., Wú, Z., Yang, X., Yáng, X., Yu, X., Yutin, N., Zerbini, F.M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y-Z, Zhou, G., and Zhou, X.

Abstract

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

Published
2020

3. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Author

Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alioto D, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Anthony SJ, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Bartonička T, Basler C, Bavari S, Beer M, Bente DA, Bergeron É, Bird BH, Blair C, Blasdell KR, Bradfute SB, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Buzkan N, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chamberlain J, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Chen B, Chiumenti M, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, da Graça JV, Dal Bó E, Dávila AMR, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Di Bello PL, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolja VV, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dürrwald R, Dufkova L, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Fernandes J, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Forth LF, Fouchier RAM, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, Gāo GF, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gbakima A, Goldstein T, Gonzalez JJ, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther S, Guterres A, Hall RA, Hammond J, Hassan M, Hepojoki J, Hepojoki S, Hetzel U, Hewson R, Hoffmann B, Hongo S, Höper D, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hyndman TH, Jambai A, Jardim R, Jiāng D, Jin Q, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Karadağ S, Keller KE, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kobinger G, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Kuzmin IV, Laenen L, Lamb RA, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lemos ERS, Leroy EM, Li D, Lǐ J, Liang M, Liú W, Liú Y, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, Marciel de Souza W, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Martelli GP, Martin RR, Marzano SL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Mielke-Ehret N, Minafra A, Minutolo M, Mirazimi A, Mühlbach HP, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Nylund A, Økland AL, Oliveira RC, Palacios G, Pallas V, Pályi B, Papa A, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Payne S, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Radoshitzky SR, Rahman AU, Ramos-González PL, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Robles Luna G, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Runstadler JA, Ruzek D, Sabanadzovic S, Salát J, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sarpkaya K, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Shabbir MZ, Shí X, Shí Z, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Širmarová J, Sironi M, Smither S, Smura T, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Straková P, Takada A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Turina M, Tzanetakis I, Ulrich RG, Vaira AM, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang H, Wang J, Wang X, Wang LF, Wèi T, Wells H, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wú Z, Yang X, Yáng X, Yu X, Yutin N, Zerbini FM, Zhang T, Zhang YZ, Zhou G, and Zhou X

Subjects
Terminology as Topic, Mononegavirales classification
Abstract

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

Published
2020
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4. Combination therapy of rabies-infected mice with inhibitors of pro-inflammatory host response, antiviral compounds and human rabies immunoglobulin.

Author

Marosi A, Dufkova L, Forró B, Felde O, Erdélyi K, Širmarová J, Palus M, Hönig V, Salát J, Tikos R, Gyuranecz M, Růžek D, Martina B, Koraka P, Osterhaus ADME, and Bakonyi T

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Body Weight drug effects, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Rabies virus drug effects, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus Replication drug effects, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Immunoglobulins therapeutic use, Rabies drug therapy, Rabies immunology, Rabies virus immunology, Rabies virus pathogenicity
Abstract

Recent studies demonstrated that inhibitors of pro-inflammatory molecular cascades triggered by rabies infection in the central nervous system (CNS) can enhance survival in mouse model and that certain antiviral compounds interfere with rabies virus replication in vitro. In this study different combinations of therapeutics were tested to evaluate their effect on survival in rabies-infected mice, as well as on viral load in the CNS. C57Bl/6 mice were infected with Silver-haired bat rabies virus (SHBRV)-18 at virus dose approaching LD 50 and LD 100 . In one experimental group daily treatments were initiated 4 h before-, in other groups 48 or 96 h after challenge. In the first experiment therapeutic combination contained inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor-α (infliximab), caspase-1 (Ac-YVAD-cmk), and a multikinase inhibitor (sorafenib). In the treated groups there was a notable but not significant increase of survival compared to the virus infected, non-treated mice. The addition of human rabies immunoglobulins (HRIG) to the combination in the second experiment almost completely prevented mortality in the pre-exposure treatment group along with a significant reduction of viral titres in the CNS. Post-exposure treatments also greatly improved survival rates. As part of the combination with immunomodulatory compounds, HRIG had a higher impact on survival than alone. In the third experiment the combination was further supplemented with type-I interferons, ribavirin and favipiravir (T-705). As a blood-brain barrier opener, mannitol was also administered. This treatment was unable to prevent lethal consequences of SHBRV-18 infection; furthermore, it caused toxicity in treated mice, presumably due to interaction among the components. In all experiments, viral loads in the CNS were similar in mice that succumbed to rabies regardless of treatment. According to the findings, inhibitors of detrimental host response to rabies combined with antibodies can be considered among the possible therapeutic and post-exposure options in human rabies cases., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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5. Antiviral activity of the adenosine analogue BCX4430 against West Nile virus and tick-borne flaviviruses.

Author

Eyer L, Zouharová D, Širmarová J, Fojtíková M, Štefánik M, Haviernik J, Nencka R, de Clercq E, and Růžek D

Subjects
Adenine analogs & derivatives, Adenosine pharmacology, Animals, Cell Line, Cell Survival drug effects, Chlorocebus aethiops, Culicidae virology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne pathogenicity, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne transmission, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne virology, Purine Nucleosides chemistry, Pyrrolidines, Swine, Tick-Borne Diseases, Ticks virology, Vero Cells, Virus Replication drug effects, West Nile virus pathogenicity, Adenosine analogs & derivatives, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne drug effects, Flavivirus drug effects, Purine Nucleosides antagonists & inhibitors, West Nile virus drug effects
Abstract

There are currently no approved antiviral therapies against medically important human flaviviruses. The imino-C-nucleoside BCX4430 shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against a wide range of RNA viruses. Here, we demonstrate that BCX4430 inhibits tick-borne species of the genus Flavivirus; however, the antiviral effect varies against individual species. Micro-molar BCX4430 levels inhibited tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV); while, approximately 3-8-fold higher concentrations were needed to inhibit louping ill virus and Kyasanur Forest disease virus. Moreover, the compound strongly inhibited in vitro replication of West Nile virus, a typical mosquito-transmitted flavivirus. Two chemical forms of the compound, i.e. BCX4430 and BCX4430 hydrochloride, were compared and both exerted similar inhibitory profiles in our in vitro antiviral assay systems and no or negligible cytotoxicity in porcine kidney stable and Vero cells. The obtained data indicate that, in addition to mosquito-borne flaviviruses, the compound has strong antiviral activity against members of the TBEV serocomplex., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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6. Novel hantavirus identified in European bat species Nyctalus noctula.

Author

Straková P, Dufkova L, Širmarová J, Salát J, Bartonička T, Klempa B, Pfaff F, Höper D, Hoffmann B, Ulrich RG, and Růžek D

Subjects
Animals, Czech Republic, Disease Reservoirs virology, Genes, Viral, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Molecular Typing, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Chiroptera virology, Orthohantavirus genetics
Abstract

Hantaviruses are emerging RNA viruses that cause human diseases predominantly in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Besides rodents, insectivores and bats serve as hantavirus reservoirs. We report the detection and genome characterization of a novel bat-borne hantavirus isolated from insectivorous common noctule bat. The newfound virus was tentatively named as Brno virus., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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7. Novel Cryptosporidium bat genotypes III and IV in bats from the USA and Czech Republic.

Author

Kváč M, Hořická A, Sak B, Prediger J, Salát J, Širmarová J, Bartonička T, Clark M, Chelladurai JR, Gillam E, and McEvoy J

Subjects
Animals, Cryptosporidium classification, Czech Republic, Feces parasitology, Genotype, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, United States, Chiroptera microbiology, Cryptosporidiosis parasitology, Cryptosporidium genetics, Cryptosporidium isolation & purification
Abstract

Bats from the families Rhinolophidae (n = 90) and Vespertilionidae (n = 191) in the USA and Czech Republic were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by microscopic and molecular analysis of faecal samples collected from rectum of dissected animals and from the ground beneath roosting sites. Cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected in any of the 281 faecal specimens examined using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. Nested PCR amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the small ribosomal subunit rRNA and actin genes were used to identify isolates and infer evolutionary relationships. Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in a western small-footed bat (Myotis ciliolabrum) from the USA and a common pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) from the Czech Republic. Two novel genotypes were identified and named Cryptosporidium bat genotype III and IV. Bat genotype III was found in two big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) from the USA. Bat genotype IV was detected in two common pipistrelle bats from the Czech Republic.

Published
2015
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8. Detection of Diverse Novel Bat Astrovirus Sequences in the Czech Republic.

Author

Dufkova L, Straková P, Širmarová J, Salát J, Moutelíková R, Chrudimský T, Bartonička T, Nowotny N, and Růžek D

Subjects
Animals, Astroviridae isolation & purification, Astroviridae Infections epidemiology, Astroviridae Infections virology, Base Sequence, Czech Republic epidemiology, Gastroenteritis epidemiology, Gastroenteritis virology, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Astroviridae genetics, Astroviridae Infections veterinary, Chiroptera virology, Gastroenteritis veterinary, Genetic Variation, Genome, Viral genetics
Abstract

Astroviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Recently, novel groups of astroviruses were identified in apparently healthy insectivorous bats. We report the detection of diverse novel astrovirus sequences in nine different European bat species: Eptesicus serotinus, Hypsugo savii, Myotis emarginatus, M. mystacinus, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus nathusii or P. pygmaeus, P. pipistrellus, Vespertilio murinus, and Rhinolophus hipposideros. In six bat species, astrovirus sequences were detected for the first time. One astrovirus strain detected in R. hipposideros clustered phylogenetically with Chinese astrovirus strains originating from bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae. All other Czech astrovirus sequences from vesper bats formed, together with one Hungarian sequence, a separate monophyletic lineage within the bat astrovirus group. These findings provide new insights into the molecular epidemiology, ecology, and prevalence of astroviruses in European bat populations.

Published
2015
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