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Darba autore: Liene Špakova Kvalifikācijas darba temats: Novērošanas spēju attīstīšana 4-5 gadus veciem bērniem pirmsskolas izglītības iestādē dabas zinātņu mācību jomā Pētījuma mērķis: Pētīt 4-5 gadus vecu bērnu novērošanas spējas dabas zinību mācību jomā. Pētījuma saturs: Kvalifikācijas darbs ietver divas daļas. Pirmajā daļā tika analizēta teorētiskā literatūra, pēc kuras iespējams secināt, ka novērošanas spējas ir cieši saistītas ar uzmanību un citiem bērna psihiskajiem procesiem, tādiem kā uztveri, atmiņu un domāšanu. Tika izstrādāti kritēriji un rādītāji novērošanas spējām. Otrajā daļā pētījuma ietvaros tika izstrādāts detalizēts dienā paredzēto mācību nodarbību plāns, veikts pētījumā iesaistīto bērnu raksturojums un novērtētas bērnu novērošanas prasmes pirms un pēc pētījumā atbilstoši izstrādātajiem kritērijiem. Pētījumā piedalījās astoņi 4-5 gadus veci bērni. Empīriskā pētījuma veikšanai tika izmantotas piecas dažādas nodarbības. Secināms, ka izstrādātās mācību nodarbības ir praktiski pielietojamas novērošanas spēju attīstīšanai, jo bērnu novērošanas spējās lielākajā daļā izstrādāto kritēriju vērojami uzlabojumi. Darbs sastāv no divām nodaļām, piecām apakšnodaļām, 41 lapas, 3 attēliem, 3 tabulām, 27 literatūras avotiem, 20 pielikumiem. Atslēgas vārdi: novērošanas spējas, dabas zinātņu mācību joma pirmsskolā, pirmsskolas vecuma bērns., Author: Liene Špakova Title of the qualification work: Developing observational skills in 4-5-year-old-children at a Preschool educational institution in the field of natural sciences. Objective of the study: To study observation skills in 4-5-year-old-children in the field of natural sciences. Content of the study: Qualification work consists of two parts. The first part includes analysis of theoretical literature which enables to draw a conclusion that observation skills are closely related to attending and other mental processes of the child, such as perceiving, remembering and thinking. Criteria and indicators for observation skills were developed. The second part of the study includes a lesson plan for a day worked out in details, character analysis of the children participating in the study and evaluation of the children’s observation skills before and after the study according to the previously developed criteria. Eight 4-5-year-old children participated in the study. Five different classes were used to carry out the empirical part of the study. It can be concluded that the lessons worked out for the study are practically applicable for developing observation skills as children improved them in most criteria. The qualification works consists of two chapters, five subchapters, 41 page, 3 images, 3 tables, 27 literature sources, 20 appendixes. Key words: observation skills, field of natural sciences at a Preschool educational institution, preschool child.

Learning in a pandemic situation has shown an increased role and need for research and implementation of personalized learning, and therefore the factors necessary to take into account when forming such an approach. The purpose of this study was, firstly, to find out how students of technical specialties perceive the fact to refuse from classroom studies, and, secondly, to determine the influence of person’s individual characteristics on attitude towards distance learning. The research results showed that a significant part of full-time IT students (about 70%) reacted positively to the advantages of distance learning and that the attitude towards this form of education is to some extent determined by gender, as well as a manifestation of Introversion-Extraversion and Thinking-Feeling.

[EN] This research examines the attitude of faculty lectors, Information Technology students (IT) and humanitarian students (HS) towards the aspects of forced distance learning (DL) due to Covid-19. About 70% of the surveyed IT students and 50% of HS believe that DL can fully replace face-to-face classes and completely switch to DL, about 70% of lecturers have the opposite opinion. At the same time, IT had a 4.5 times higher chance of a positive attitude towards the transition to DL than HS. The majority of all respondents consider that their own notes are important and that classroom learning is better than online. At the same time, among IT that are ready to switch to DL, 69.03% believe that the perception of educational material is better in the classroom. Fewer IT students (30.1%) than HS (68.2%) and lecturers (100%) consider that printed textbooks are important. About 70-90% of students consider that the following DL disadvantages are important: communication difficulties, cocial isolation, the need of self-discipline and self-motivation and fears that the employer will not appreciate the knowledge gained from DL. For the majority of IT, lack of student events is significant, and for the majority of HS, lack of competition between students is important.

Virus-based nanoparticles constitute a promising platform for the creation of efficient vaccines and nanomaterials. Previously we demonstrated, that the recombinant tail tube protein gp39 of vB_EcoS_NBD2 bacteriophage self-assembles into extremely long (from 0.1 to >3.95 μm), flexible, and stable polytubes when produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To develop a tubular platform for multivalent display of foreign antigens, yeast-derived recombinant tail tube protein gp39 was chosen as a scaffold. The carboxy-terminal fusions of gp39 with various antigens up to 238 amino acids in length resulted in different synthesis efficiency and self-assembly capacity. Recombinant gp39 fused with green fluorescent protein (eGFP) comprising 238 amino acid residues was capable to self-assemble into short fluorescent polytubes with retained eGFP functional activity. By demonstrating the display of active foreign antigens on the exterior surface of polytubes, these structures may provide a promising tool for diverse applications in nanotechnology.

Current vaccines against infectious diseases have primarily relied on attenuated or inactivated pathogens. However, self-assembled, virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) are noninfectious multiprotein structures regarded as safe vaccine platforms for an efficient foreign antigen display within a host immune system. Currently, there is a low diversity of self-assembled, rod-shaped VNPs. Additionally, there is no information regarding the generation of tailed-bacteriophage nanotubes in yeast and their immunogenicity in mice. Here, we developed a novel tubular VNP-based vaccine platform utilizing a yeast-synthesized recombinant tail tube gp39 protein from bacteriophage vB_EcoS_NBD2 (NBD2). The diameter of these extremely flexible polytubes was ~12 nm, while the length varied from 0.1 µm to >3.95 µm. In this study, the immunogenicity of polytubes formed by the recombinant gp39 protein and the elicited antibody response were tested. The tubular structures formed by the recombinant gp39 protein were immunogenic in mice, although the addition of Freund’s adjuvant enhanced the anti-gp39 antibody response compared to the use of tubular structures alone. To further examine the applicability of novel polytubes as a carrier for foreign epitopes, the carboxy-terminal region within the gp39 protein was identified, allowing insertion of six histidine residues with no effect on the recombinant protein synthesis or structure self-assembly. This genetic insertion of a foreign epitope within the surface-exposed gp39 domains resulted in a repetitive display of the insert on the surface of NBD2 tail tube-originated polytubes. The combination of a repetitive, highly ordered display of foreign epitopes as well as tubular shape of nanoparticles can greatly enhance the immune response. Although more studies are needed, the flexible and extremely long polytubes formed by the recombinant tail tube gp39 protein represent a new potential platform for presenting target sequences on the exterior surface of the nanotubes.

Nucleotides, peptides and proteins serve as a scaffold material for self-assembling nanostructures. In this study, the production of siphovirus vB_EcoS_NBD2 (NBD2) recombinant tail tube protein gp39 reached approximately 33% and 27% of the total cell protein level in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression systems, respectively. A simple purification protocol allowed us to produce a recombinant gp39 protein with 85%&ndash, 90% purity. The yield of gp39 was 2.9 &plusmn, 0.36 mg/g of wet E. coli cells and 0.85 &plusmn, 0.33 mg/g for S. cerevisiae cells. The recombinant gp39 self-assembled into well-ordered tubular structures (polytubes) in vivo in the absence of other phage proteins. The diameter of these structures was the same as the diameter of the tail of phage NBD2 (~12 nm). The length of these structures varied from 0.1 &micro, m to &gt, 3.95 &micro, m, which is 23-fold the normal NBD2 tail length. Stability analysis demonstrated that the polytubes could withstand various chemical and physical conditions. These polytubes show the potential to be used as a nanomaterial in various fields of science.

Background Schmallenberg virus (SBV), discovered in continental Europe in late 2011, causes mild clinical signs in adult ruminants, including diarrhoea and reduced milk yield. However, fetal infection can lead to severe malformation in newborn offspring. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are commercially available for detection of SBV-specific antibodies in bovine sera and milk. Here we describe the development and evaluation of an indirect ELISA based on a yeast derived recombinant SBV nucleocapsid protein (N) for the detection of SBV-specific antibodies in bovine saliva. Development of a non-invasive test to detect antibodies in individual bovine saliva samples could potentially provide a test suitable for calves and adult cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between the levels of antibodies (IgG) measured in milk and sera, and the level of antibodies (IgG and IgA) in saliva, in comparison with the antibody levels detected in sera and milk with commercially available test. Results Serum, milk and saliva samples from 58 cows were collected from three dairy herds in Lithuania and tested for the presence of SBV-specific antibodies. The presence of IgG antibodies was tested in parallel serum and milk samples, while the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies was tested in saliva samples. The presence of SBV-specific IgG and IgA in saliva was tested using an indirect ELISA based on a yeast-derived recombinant N protein. The presence of SBV-specific IgG in milk and sera was tested in parallel using a commercial recombinant protein based test. The sensitivities of the newly developed tests were as follows: 96 % for the IgG serum assay and 94 % for the IgG milk assay and 85 % and 98 % for IgG and IgA in saliva tests, when compared with data generated by a commercial IgG assay. Conclusions Data from testing the saliva IgG and IgA and also the milk and serum IgG with indirect SBV-specific ELISAs showed close agreement with the commercial serum and milk IgG assay data. The level of IgG in saliva was notably lower in comparison to IgA. The newly developed method exhibits the potential to serve as an easily transferable tool for epidemiological studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0552-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

SANTRAUKA Vaikų patyčių paplitimo mokykloje kaita prieš ir po prevencinės programos vykdymo Šio darbo tikslas pristatyti įvairiose pasaulio šalyse bei Lietuvoje atliktus tyrimus, kuriuose gauti duomenys atskleidžia problemišką patyčių mąstą ir jų pasireiškimo ypatumus. Todėl siekiant efektyviai mažinti patyčių paplitimą ir jo pasekmes, svarbu taikyti specialiai šiam reiškiniui skirtas intervencijos programas, kurios turėtų būti taikomos kiekvienoje mokykloje ir nukreiptos ne tik į patyčias patiriančius ar į jas įsitraukiančius pačius vaikus, bet į visus mokyklos bendruomenės narius bei visuomenę apskritai. Tad taip pat svarbu supažindinti su jau egzistuojančiomis smurto, patyčių prevencinėmis programomis, jų taikymo ir realizavimo metodikomis mokyklose, įvertinti vaikų patyčių paplitimo mokykloje kaitą prieš ir po prevencinės programos taikymo. Darbo metu yra keliama ir tikrinama ši hipotezė: prevencinės programos prieš patyčias įgyvendinimas atneš teigiamus rezultatus, t.y. sumažins atitinkamą patyčių lygį mokykloje. Dalyviai. Tyrime dalyvavo Anykščių A. Vienuolio gimnazijos mokiniai. Pirmą kartą anketas pildė 5-9 klasių, 400 mokinių 2006 metais. Iš jų 215 berniukų ir 185 mergaitės. Antrą kartą tą pačią anketą pildė taip pat 400 mokinių (215 berniukų ir 185 mergaitės) 2008m, kurie mokosi 7-11 klasėje. Metodai. Anketa apie patyčias. Ji yra skirta įsitraukimui į patyčias reiškiniui nustatyti; Patyčių prevencinė programa, kurios pagrindinis tikslas - sumažinti patyčių reiškinį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] SUMMARY The change of children bulying at scool before and after the application of prevention programme The aim of this work is to present researches, made in different countries of the world and in Lithuania as well, the data of which shows the level of abuse and the pecularities of this phenomenon. The aim is also to acknowledge with already existing prevention against violence and abuse programmes, with the methodics of their application and realization at schools, to evaluate the change of kids‘abuse at schools before and after the application of the prevention programme. In the process of work the following hypothesis was developed and checked: the implementation of the prevention against abuses programme will give positive results, that is it will lessen the level of abuse at school. The participants. The pupils from Anykščiai district A.Vienuolis gymnasium participated in the research For the first time, in the year 2006 the questionnairies were filled in by 400 pupils from 5-9 classes: 215 boys and 185 girls. For the second time in the year 2008 the same questionnaire was filled in also by 400 pupils , studying in 7-11 classes (215 boys and 185 girls). Methodsi. Questionnaire about abuse. Its aim is to establish the phenomenon of involvment into abuse. The prevention against abuse programme, the main aim of which is to lessen the phenomenon of abuse and the possibilities of spreading it in the gymnasium. In order to make the programme it was directed towards the... [to full text]

Maģistra darbs „Deminutīvu semantika plašsaziņas līdzekļu tekstos” ir veltīts deminutīvu semantikas izpētei plašsaziņas līdzekļos. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt, kādu semantiku deminutīvi var izteikt plašsaziņas līdzekļu tekstos, kā arī noskaidrot, kāpēc un kādās situācijās tie tiek izmantoti. Deminutīvu semantika var variēties, proti, viens un tas pats deminutīvs var izteikt ļoti lielu emociju vai jūtu klāstu. Tas var izteikt vai nu mazu izmēru, vai arī pozitīvas/negatīvas emocijas, vai abus faktorus vienlaicīgi – mazu izmēru un pozitīvas vai negatīvas emocijas. Tāpēc ir interesanti noskaidrot, kādiem mērķiem deminutīvi tiek izmantoti. Darbā apskatīti tikai lietvārdu deminutīvi, kas darināti ar sešiem piedēkļiem: -iņ-, -īt-, -ul-, -el-, -uk- un -ēn-. Plašāk ir analizēts piedēkļu -iņ- un -īt- lietojums. Deminutīvi pētīti dažādos kontekstos, kur tie izsaka gan pozitīvu, gan negatīvu semantiku. Darbā secīgi aplūkotas dažādas deminutīvu lietošanas situācijas un deminutīvu semantika kontekstā. Atslēgvārdi: lietvārdu deminutīvi, mazs izmērs, pozitīvs un negatīvs vērtējums, pozitīvas un negatīvas emocijas, komunikatīvās funkcijas., The thesis „Semantics of Diminutives in Mass Media Texts” studies the semantics of diminutives in mass media. The aim of the paper is to research what kind of semantics diminutives may express in the texts of mass media, as well to clarify what for and in which situations they are used. The semantics of diminutives may vary in different ways. One and the same diminutive may express wide range of emotions or feelings. It may express either small size, or positive/negative emotions, or both factors simultaneously – small size and positive or negative emotions. In this way, it appears to be interesting finding out the purposes diminutives are used for. In this work are reviewed only noun diminutives, which are formed using six suffixes: -iņ-, -īt-, -ul-, -el-, -uk- and -ēn-. The use of suffixes -iņ- and -īt- is analysed wider. Diminutives are examined in various contexts, where they express positive and negative semantics. In the course of work are reviewed diminutives’ various use situations and diminutives semantics in context. Keywords: noun diminutives, small size, positive and negative assessment, positive and negative emotions, communicative functions.

Darbo objektas: Būsimų kūno kultūros mokytojų kompetencijų vertinimas. Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti būsimų LSU ir LEU kūno kultūros mokytojų bendrąsias kompetencijas. Uždaviniai: 1. Aptarti kūno kultūros mokytojo veiklą. 2. Apžvelgti kūno kultūros mokytojų bendrųjų kompetencijų sudedamąsias dalis. 3. Atlikti palyginamąją būsimų LSU ir LEU kūno kultūros mokytojų įgytų bendrųjų kompetencijų analizę. Išvados: 1. Kūno kultūros mokytojo veikla yra viena iš sudėtingiausių žmogaus profesijų, kuris turi gebėti išsikelti tinkamus ir efektyvius ugdymo tikslus ir uždavinius, mokėti tinkamai organizuotis savo bei mokinių veiklą, nuolatos tobulėti, ugdyti savo asmenines savybes bei taikyti įvairius mokymo metodus. 2. Kūno kultūros mokytojų bendrosios kompetencijos, tai gebėjimų ir mokėjimų visuma, kuri susideda iš mokytojo žinių, įgūdžių, asmeninių savybių, vertybinių nuostatų, kurias privaloma pritaikyti pedagoginiam darbui. Šiomis kompetencijomis turi pasižymėti kiekvienas mokytojas, tačiau net ir geriausiems retai kada pakanka žinių, mokėjimų ir įgūdžių. Todėl yra svarbu, kad ir būsimi kūno kultūros mokytojai išsiugdytų šias kompetencijas dar studijų metu. 3. Atlikus palyginamąją būsimų LSU ir LEU kūno kultūros mokytojų įgytų kompetencijų analizę, LSU studentų nuomone bendrosios kompetencijos studijų metu yra išugdytos labai gerai bei patys studentai jas įsivertina labai gerai, tuo tarpu LEU studentų tik gerai., The object: future physical education teacher general competencies evaluation. The aim: To assess the future of LSU and LEU PE teachers of general competencies. Tasks: 1. Discuss of physical education teacher’s activities. 2. Overview of the physical education teachers competences components. 3. To carry out a comparative prospective LEU and LSU physical culture teacher's analysis of acquired competencies. Conclusion: 1. Discussion of physical education teacher's activity, the teacher's job is one of the most complex human occupations. The teacher must be able to move the right and effective curriculum goals and objectives, pay properly to organise their activities, continuously develop and students, to develop their personal qualities and apply different teaching methods. 2. A review of the physical education teachers ' competences components, generally it can be said that it is the abilities and the totality of the payments, which consists of a teacher's knowledge, skills, personal qualities, which must be adapted to the provisions of the securities, the pedagogic work. These competencies must have each teacher, but even the best seldom enough knowledge and skill in the payments. It is therefore important that future physical education teachers and to develop the competences still during the studies. 3. As a result of a comparative prospective LSU and LEU PE teachers, LSU acquired competencies according to the ordinary student study time is very good and the students themselves developed them evaluate very well, in the meantime, LEU student just fine.