117 results on '"Španjolska"'
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2. EXPLORING INFORMATION BEHAVIOUR: AN INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL VIDEO CONSUMPTION AMONG LIS STUDENTS IN THREE COUNTRIES.
- Author
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Boté-Vericad, Juan-José, Minguillón, Julià, and Adilović, Emina
- Subjects
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EDUCATIONAL films , *BEHAVIORAL assessment , *CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics) , *LIBRARY science , *NATIVE language , *HABIT - Abstract
Purpose. The use of educational videos in higher education is increasingly widespread among professors and students. Numerous digital platforms worldwide provide publicly available educational videos. This study investigates the perceptions of LIS students in three countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Spain, specifically focusing on their searches for educational videos on YouTube. Additionally, it examines their habits, motivations, and reasons for searching for educational videos in relation to their studies. Methodology. The authors employed the focus group technique. Two focus groups were conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one in Croatia, and two in Spain. The sample consisted of LIS students selected through convenience sampling. The age range of the students was approximately 19 to 25 years old. Limitations. One of the limitations is that some students had to communicate in English, which is not their native language. While they were quite fluent, it is possible that some nuances in the interaction may have been missed. Results. The results show that LIS students have similar motivations for searching for educational videos, such as improving their knowledge and having new or additional information beyond what is provided in class. However, there are differences in the way they consume educational videos. The number of videos available in their native language is limited. They need to search for educational videos in a non-native language they know. This also suggests that they use different methods for finding educational videos. Originality/value. The paper presents the original results of the research on students from three different countries in the field of Library and Information Science regarding the use of educational videos in their studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. FAMILIES IN A CHRONIC SITUATION WITHIN THE SOCIAL SERVICES IN SPAIN: WHAT EXPECTATIONS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION?
- Author
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Ruche, Xavier Miranda, Traveria, Ramon Julià, and Santamaria, Alba Pirla
- Subjects
SOCIAL services ,SOCIAL systems ,FOCUS groups - Abstract
Copyright of Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada / Annual of Social Work is the property of Pravni Fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Studijski Centar Socijalnog Rada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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4. Pravo naroda na samoodređenje i obveza poštovanja ustavnog poretka: slučajevi Katalonije i Hrvatske
- Author
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Svjetlan Berković
- Subjects
samoodređenje ,narod ,ustav ,katalonija ,španjolska ,hrvat‑ ska. ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
Pravo naroda na samoodređenje i nasuprot tome obveza poštovanja ustavnog poretka države pitanje je koje izaziva polemike. To je pravo na stvaranje vlastite države kako je utvrđeno u međunarodnim dokumentima. Pitanje je, je li pravo naroda na samoodređenje obvezna norma međunarodnog prava ili samo načelo. Tim više jer međunarodno pravo zabranjuje narušavanje teritorijalnoga integriteta države. Poštovanje suvereniteta, teritorijalnog integriteta i ustavnog poretka države argumenti su osnovom kojih vlast određene države ne prihvaća zahtjev naroda koji živi unutar njezina teritorija za odcjepljenjem. To potvrđuje i praksa. S tim u vezi prezentira se intencija Katalonije da proglasi neovisnost od Španjolske te ustavna situacija u vezi s uspostavom neovisne Republike Hrvatske.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Katalonsko pitanje na izborima u studenom 2019.: analiza predizbornih sučeljavanja.
- Author
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Lasica, Ana and Raos, Višeslav
- Subjects
CAMPAIGN debates ,AUTONOMY & independence movements ,ELECTIONS ,FRAMES (Social sciences) - Abstract
Copyright of Croatian & Comparative Public Administration is the property of Institut za Javnu Upravu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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6. SPORTSKE ORGANIZACIJE U TOTALITARIZMU: NOGOMETNI SAVEZI U NJEMAČKOJ, ŠPANJOLSKOJ I NEZAVISNOJ DRŽAVI HRVATSKOJ
- Author
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Vladimir Iveta
- Subjects
sportska organizacija ,totalitarizam ,autonomija sporta ,Njemačka ,Španjolska ,NDH ,Law ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Autonomija sportskih organizacija u odnosu na državnu vlast danas je općeprihvaćeno pravilo. To je načelo sadržano, između ostalog, u dokumentima Europske unije, Međunarodnog olimpijskog saveza, FIFA-e, UEFA-e i nacionalnih sportskih saveza. U vrijeme kada su u Europi prevladavali totalitarni ili autoritarni režimi, odnosno u tridesetim i četrdesetim godinama 20. stoljeća, to se načelo, iako je već tada postojalo, nije poštovalo u zemljama u kojima su na vlasti bili poredci koji su težili potpunom nadzoru svih društvenih sfera života. U tim su režimima državna ili stranačka tijela izravno upravljali sportskim organizacijama. U radu se analizira, povijesno-politički kontekst, položaj i ustroj sportskih organizacija u totalitarizmu u tri studije slučaja: nacističkoj Njemačkoj, frankističkoj Španjolskoj i ustaškoj Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj. Pokazuje se, unatoč nekim razlikama, da su ta tri režima sport poistovjetila s državom / vladajućom političkom strankom, nametala mu pravila i kadrovska rješenja te ga koristila u promidžbene svrhe. U pisanju su se rada koristili kao izvori državni i stranački propisi koji su se odnosili na organizaciju sporta, propisi državnih krovnih sportskih organizacija iz analiziranog razdoblja te relevantna literatura o povijesti sporta.
- Published
- 2019
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7. Pravo naroda na samoodređenje i obveza poštovanja ustavnog poretka: slučajevi Katalonije i Hrvatske.
- Author
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Berković, Svjetlan
- Subjects
CONSTITUTIONS - Published
- 2021
8. The prospects of development of the citrus production in the Neretva valley in the context of contemporary tendencies.
- Author
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Soče, Ivana Paladin, Ivić, D., and Marić, Mara
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CITRUS fruits ,CITRUS tristeza virus ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms - Abstract
Copyright of Pomologia Croatica is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
9. SPORTSKE ORGANIZACIJE U TOTALITARIZMU: NOGOMETNI SAVEZI U NJEMAČKOJ, ŠPANJOLSKOJ I NEZAVISNOJ DRŽAVI HRVATSKOJ.
- Author
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Iveta, Vladimir
- Abstract
Copyright of Collected Papers of the Law Faculty of the University of Rijeka / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista u Rijeci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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10. Jerusalem Pilgrims from the Iberian Peninsula in the Croatian Lands (1400-1650)
- Author
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Krešimir Kužić
- Subjects
History ,Španjolska ,Portugal ,hodočasnici ,franjevci ,Sveta zemlja ,Hrvatska ,Jadran ,Spain ,pilgrims ,Franciscans ,Holy Land ,Croatia, Adriatic ,Španjolska, Portugal, hodočasnici, franjevci, Sveta zemlja, Hrvatska, Jadran - Abstract
U radu su prikazani hodočasnici iz Španjolske, odnosno njezinih nekadašnjih kraljevstava Kastilje, Aragonije, Navare, te Portugala koji su prošli hrvatskim krajevima i gradovima na Jadranu tijekom plovidbe u Svetu zemlju. Kratko su prikazana politička i vjerska zbivanja na tom prostoru te stavljena u korelaciju s istovjetnim fenomenom u ostatku Europe. Opisani su njihovi motivi za odlazak, staleška pripadnost te doživljaji tijekom putovanja. Osim geografskih i političkih specifičnosti, koje su najviše utjecale na njihovu brojnost, primjetna je niska zastupljenost građanstva. Relativno dobru zastupljenost pisanih svjedočanstava ne prati razmjeran broj kontakata s osobama iz hrvatskih krajeva, a od toga odstupaju pripadnici franjevačkoga reda glede pojedinih zaslužnih članova zajednice u Jeruzalemu. Ukupan dojam govori da su španjolski i portugalski hodočasnički zapisi u usporedbi s djelima drugih hodočasnika kasnoga srednjeg vijeka i ranoga novog doba najviše usmjereni na Jeruzalem i ostala sveta mjesta, pa su tranzitni krajevi ostali zakinuti u tekstovima., Pilgrims from the Iberian Peninsula, from the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal, were an indispensable part of European pilgrimages from Venice to Palestine from the very beginning of travels to the Holy Land (a total of 85 persons have been recorded from the lands of the Spanish Crown and 68 of those have been identified; 60 of them came from Portugal, 32 of them known by name). This is evidenced by Venetian state and chronicler records, but above all by the relatively numerous travelogues (6 Spanish and 3 Portuguese authors have been analyzed). Motivated by deep and sincere religious feelings, of which one finds confirmation in their writings as well as in general biographies, they set out from all parts of their countries on this expensive, tiresome, and too often perilous sea voyage. Very similar to the German or French pilgrims, they came from all walks of life, but persons from ecclesiastical circles prevailed from the mid-16th century. Somewhat surprising is the large number of women, which generally differs from the situation in other ethnic groups. Due to their choice of Venice as the port of departure, they had to sail along the Croatian Adriatic coast. Some, however, used new geographical discoveries and came to Jerusalem from the east, visiting the Adriatic cities only on their return. Depending on the type of vessel (galley or one of the proper sailing ships – koka, nava, or galijun) and the official or business tasks of the ship owner, they docked in various ports from Poreč to Dubrovnik. And while members of the nobility recorded secular curiosities, with a noticeable liking for “miracles”, the clergy placed considerable emphasis on the religious situation. In this respect, what united them was their surprise at the encounter with Glagolitic liturgy (the question is what impressed them more – the Mass in Zadar or the singing in Jerusalem). St Jerome was recognized as a strong link between his native Dalmatia and the distant Iberian lands. The political reality was quite astutely perceived and the pilgrims knew about all various changes – the attitude of Dubrovnik towards the Holy Roman Empire, the Venetian territories from Istria to Boka, and the intolerance between Venice and the Dubrovnik Republic – but the political Croatia escaped their observations. The rise of the Ottoman Empire as a deadly threat to the Christian world, which they were also aware of in their own homeland, became evident to them in the Adriatic. There are two realistic accounts, albeit contradictory, of Dubrovnik’s military prowess and its reliance on the power of Spain. As for the other cities, Pula seems to have been especially interesting to them due to its monumental ancient monuments (the amphitheatre and the theatre), where the pilgrims recalled various characters from stories and books whose themes were pan-European and present also with the Germans, the French, and others. But they also experienced the dark images of decay in the city. Contacts with the Croatian folk and individuals were not numerous, but the travellers remained impressed by the exceptional hospitality of the poor inhabitants of Ilovik, as well as the knowledge and skills of Croatian sailors, among whom Petar Fazanić from Hvar excelled. One should also mention an impressive account of the activities of Fr Boniface of Lopud, a multiple custodian of Jerusalem, for which his Franciscan brethren were credited, an opinion that our pilgrims shared with those from other countries. As is only to be expected, Spanish and Portuguese travelogue writers also left numerous notes on the weather conditions in the Adriatic. This paper ends with the outbreak of the Candian War (1645), which roughly coincides with the end of the Thirty Years’ War (1648). These two armed conflicts marked the final demise of the Venetian Republic and pushed Spain and Portugal in the background, while at the same time pilgrimages became more of a private matter and travelling to the Levant (and incidentally to Palestine) was completely secularized, acquiring adventurous or scientific features.
- Published
- 2021
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11. Effective Implementation of a Quality Management Policy in Public Administration: Experiences from Spain and Lessons for Croatia.
- Author
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Džinić, Jasmina
- Subjects
PUBLIC administration ,PUBLIC sector - Abstract
Copyright of Croatian & Comparative Public Administration is the property of Institut za Javnu Upravu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
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12. HUMAN URINE-BASED THERAPEUTICS IN SPAIN FROM THE EARLY 20th CENTURY TO THE PRESENT: A HISTORICAL LITERATURE OVERVIEW AND A PRESENT-DAY CASE STUDY.
- Author
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José Ramón Vallejo, Alfonso J. Aparicio Mena, and José Antonio González
- Subjects
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URINE , *BIOLOGICAL research , *SYMBOLISM , *NATUROPATHS , *THERAPEUTICS ,SPANISH civilization - Abstract
Human urine is currently the subject of biomedical investigations as a potential therapeutic resource and it continues to be used in remedies in different cultures and societies, including the Spanish culture. In this study we gather etnomedical knowledge about urotherapy and determine their associated symbolisms in Spain. A literature overview and a case study were carried out to compile urine-based remedies and as a direct analysis of symbolic systems. Urotherapy is widespread in Spanish folk medicine. Among the 204 collected remedies, those related to treatment of diseases or skin conditions predominate (63%). Remedies have been reported for the treatment of skin diseases such as eczema, chloasma, alopecia, etc. to treat or alleviate burns, chilblains, wounds or skin chapping, and as a treatment of venomous bites. Most of the collected remedies have an associated naturalist symbolism, based on local traditions and the transmission of empirical initial knowledge. The use of urine in Spain is a result of the interaction of two types of practice: a local and traditional urotherapy, rural and with a utilitarian purpose, and a technical urotherapy, limited to an urban environment and a naturopathic medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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13. The Origin of Cacao and the Chocolate Consuption in Europe by the End of the 18th Century
- Author
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Levanić, Nina
- Subjects
cacao ,chocolate ,beverage ,Europe ,Spain ,France ,England ,New World ,čokolada ,Engleska ,Europa ,Francuska ,kakaovac ,napitak ,Novi svijet ,Španjolska - Abstract
Otkrićem Novog svijeta, Europa upoznaje nove namirnice, a jedna od njih je i zrno kakaovca koje je glavni sastojak čokolade. Iako je prva asocijacija pri spomenu riječi čokolada slatka pločica, ipak se tijekom većeg dijela svoje povijesti čokolada konzumirala kao napitak. Uz pomoć dostupne literature i izvora, rad daje pregled konzumacije čokolade u Europi od prvog europskog doticaja s egzotičnom namirnicom pa sve do kraja 18. stoljeća. Također, područje proučavanja ograničava se na određene dijelove Europe budući da literatura pruža najviše podataka o Španjolskoj, Francuskoj i Engleskoj., With the discovery of the New World, Europe comes in contact with new foods, and one of them is the cacao grain, the main ingredient of chocolate. Although the first association with the word chocolate is a sweet bar, during a bigger part of its history, chocolate has been consumed as a beverage. With references to the available literature and resources, this paper gives an insight into the consumption of chocolate in Europe from the first european contact with this exotic ingredient untill the end of the 18th century. Furthermore, the area of research is restricted to specific domains of Europe since the literature has the most data about Spain, France and England.
- Published
- 2022
14. Coordination Mechanisms and Network Performance: The Spanish Network of Smart Cities.
- Author
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Gil, Olga
- Subjects
SMART cities ,POLICY sciences ,SPANISH politics & government - Abstract
Copyright of Croatian & Comparative Public Administration is the property of Institut za Javnu Upravu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
15. Španjolski građanski rat
- Author
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Fistonić, Toni and Kasalo, Branko
- Subjects
velike sile ,Španjolska, Španjolski građanski rat, republikanci, nacionalisti, velike sile, Katolička Crkva, žene, Francisco Franco ,republikanci ,Francisco Franco ,žene ,great powers ,Nationalists ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. History ,nacionalisti ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Povijest ,Republicans ,Spanish Civil War ,Spain ,Katolička Crkva ,Španjolski građanski rat ,women ,Catholic Church ,Španjolska - Abstract
U ovom radu se govori o situaciji koja je dovela do Španjolskog građanskog rata te sam njegov tijek. Naglasak se stavlja na krucijalne događaje koji su uzrokovali pobunu u srpnju 1936. godine. U opisivanju rata se priča o značajnim bitkama koje su promijenile tijek ratovanja i donijele pobjedu nacionalistima. Nadalje, prelazi se na značajke i obilježja republikanske i nacionalističke snage. Potom se priča o intervenciji stranih sila i njihovim vrstama pomoći. Rad nastavlja analizirati društvena događanja koja su se zbivala mimo rata, a to su položaj žena i uloga Katoličke Crkve. Na kraju se spominje najistaknutija osoba u ratu Francisco Franco te se opisuje njegovo djelovanje prije i za vrijeme rata. This paper discusses the situation that led to the Spanish Civil War and its course. Emphasis is placed on the crucial events that caused the July 1936 uprising. The description of the war tells of significant battles that changed the course of the war and brought victory to the nationalists. Furthermore, one moves on to the features and characteristics of the Republican and Nationalist forces. Then there is the story of the intervention of foreign forces and their types of assistance. The paper continues to analyze the social events that took place outside the war, namely the position of women and the role of the Catholic Church. Finally, the most prominent person in the war, Francisco Franco, is mentioned and his actions before and during the war are described.
- Published
- 2021
16. Creating an Independent State: Comparing the Case of the Republic of Croatia and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia
- Author
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Čajkovac, Josip and Lončar, Jelena
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Catalonia ,Croatia ,Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia ,INTERDISCIPLINARNA PODRUČJA ZNANOSTI. Geografija ,Hrvatska ,INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE. Geography ,independence ,Katalonija ,state ,neovisnost ,država ,Spain ,Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija ,neovisnost, država, Katalonija, Španjolska, Hrvatska, Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija ,Španjolska - Abstract
Kraljevina Španjolska i Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija bile su dva različita sustava sa istim problemom, problemom upravljanja heterogenim stanovništvom i teritorijem bez sukoba i raspada države. Dok je SFRJ doživjela svoj raspad proglasima neovisnosti svojih republika 1990-ih, španjolski sustav preživio je proglas neovisnosti Katalonije 2017. godine. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je utvrditi sličnosti i razlike između dva slučaja. Koristit će se postojeća istraživanja o raspadu SFRJ, odnosno o procesu stvaranja Republike Hrvatske, i njihovi će se rezultati usporediti s događajima u Španjolskoj i Kataloniji. Pri usporedbi dvaju slučajeva, posebno će se obratiti pažnja na reakcije europskih država i značaja Katalonije i Hrvatske za matične države te Europu i svijet. Kingdom of Spain and the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia were two different systems with same issues, issue of governing a heterogeneous population and territory without conflict and collapse of the country. While SFRY did collapse in the 1990s following declarations of independence of its republics, the Spanish system survived the declaration of independence of Catalonia in 2017. The goal of this thesis is to determine similarities and differences between those two cases. Existing research about the dissolution of SFRY, or rather the process of creation of the Republic of Croatia, will be used and their results will be compared with events in Spain and Catalonia. In comparing the two cases, special attention will be paid on reaction of European countries and the significance of Catalonia and Croatia for their parent countries and their significance for Europe and the world.
- Published
- 2021
17. Measuring the economic performance of socially responsible companies.
- Author
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Fernández-Guadaño, Josefina
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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18. THE MEDICAL USE OF LEECHES IN CONTEMPORARY SPAIN: BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TRADITION.
- Author
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Vallejo, José Ramón and González, José Antonio
- Subjects
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LEECHES , *ETHNOLOGY , *DRUG dosage , *MEDICAL research , *TWENTIETH century - Abstract
In Spain leeches have been used both in popular and scientific medicine throughout its history. In this study we analyze the historical fluctuations of leech therapy. At the start of the 20th century it was still being used in in scientific medicine, as can be seen in the treatment administered to Germán Gamazo, a minister during the reign of Alfonso XII and the regency of Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria, during a serious illness in 1901. Leech therapy was to fall dramatically into disuse and was to survive only in folk medicine, with leeches losing their reputation as a therapeutic agent. The data obtained is the result of a systematic review of the literature and of the major databases in the fields of folklore, ethnography, social anthropology and medical anthropology. Leeches have been used in Spanish folk medicine to treat ailments and disorders in up to 11 categories of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), particularly in the treatment of diseases of the circulatory, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems. According to the available literature, they were part of the folk therapeutic arsenal, at least until the seventies of the last century. Our study also provides information about the medicinal use, commerce and consumption of these animals in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
19. STUDENTS' EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND PERCEPTIONS OF SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF SERVICE.
- Author
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Luis Vazquez, José, Lanero, Ana, and Aza, Carlota L.
- Subjects
UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,QUALITY of service ,EDUCATIONAL quality - Abstract
Copyright of Ekonomski Vjesnik is the property of Ekonomski Vjesnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
20. Kolonijalna utopija
- Author
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Alberto Darias Principe
- Subjects
Gibraltarski tunel ,Pedro Jevenois ,Željezničke mreže ,Španjolska ,podvodni tuneli ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Ideja o Gibraltarskom tunelu prvi puta se pojavila sredinom XIX. stoljeća kada su počeci tehnološkog razvoja dali ljudima pretjerani optimizam pa su oni povjerovali da je to moguće. Tek kad je nekoliko pokušaja propalo, u tridesetim godinama dvadesetog stoljeća pojavio se jedan vojni inženjer uvjeren da je zadaću ove veličine moguće ostvariti. On je oprezno poduzeo prve korake i započeo potrebne studije, čak je izradio prva mjerenja. Ali Španjolski građanski rat, a zatim i Drugi svjetski rat, prekinuli su početak koji je mnogo obećavao. Kad su se ljudi ponovno počeli baviti tom zamisli, već je došlo vrijeme marokanske neovisnosti pa ju je do nedavno bilo potrebno odbaciti.
- Published
- 1999
21. Katalonsko pitanje na izborima u studenom 2019.: analiza predizbornih sučeljavanja
- Author
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Ana Lasica and Višeslav Raos
- Subjects
Government ,Public Administration ,Status quo ,borba za neovisnost ,Španjolska ,Katalonija ,predizborno sučeljavanje ,interpretacijski okvir ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Public administration ,language.human_language ,Independence ,State (polity) ,Multinational corporation ,Political science ,borba za neovisnost, Španjolska, Katalonija, predizborno sučeljavanje, interpretacijski okvir ,language ,Catalan ,Relation (history of concept) ,Law ,media_common - Abstract
Porast potpore pokretu za neovisnost u Kataloniji za posljedicu je imao institucijsku nestabilnost i promjenu španjolskoga stranačkog sustava. Ovaj rad istražuje razlike u interpretacijskim okvirima katalonskog pitanja na temelju izjava nacionalnih stranačkih čelnika koji su sudjelovali na četiri predizborna sučeljavanja za parlamentarne izbore u studenom 2019. Interpretacijski okviri definirani su s obzirom na tri pitanja: 1) jesu li nacionalni stranački čelnici u predizbornim sučeljavanjima prikazali katalonski proces (Procés) kao neprijateljski, tj. kao onaj koji ruši ustavni poredak ili kao legitimno pravo građana na prosvjed; 2) kako stranački čelnici uokviruju španjolsku državu – kao izričito unitarnu zemlju ili višenacionalnu državu; 3) smatraju li nacionalni stranački čelnici da su nužne ustavne promjene da bi se riješilo katalonsko pitanje ili preferiraju status quo. Analiza provedena metodom uokvirivanja utvrdila je pet interpretacijskih okvira te pokazala da dva interpretacijska okvira koja podrazumijevaju afirmativno rješavanje katalonskog pitanja dijalogom s katalonskom vladom (Generalitat) uživaju većinu i na sučeljavanjima i nakon izbora.
- Published
- 2021
22. Juan Ramón Jiménez i modernizam u Španjolskoj
- Author
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Rošić, Nina and Zovko, Maja
- Subjects
HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Romance Studies ,belleza ,ljepota ,smrt ,Modernismo ,espiritualidad ,España ,muerte ,modernizam ,duhovnost ,Juan Ramón Jiménez ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Romanistika ,Španjolska - Abstract
En este trabajo se elabora el tema del Modernismo español a través de la obra y la influencia del destacado autor español Juan Ramón Jiménez. Juan Ramón fue un escritor célebre quien enriqueció la literatura española del siglo XX con su obra y con su estilo de expresión singular influyó en la literatura y en los escritores posteriores. Empero, para poder entender el Modernismo enteramente es necesario explicar la situación y las tensiones que dominaban en la sociedad de aquella época, la crisis económica, política y social que surgió en España debido a la pérdida de las colonias y pésima gobernación de la administración en poder. Por esas razones, a finales del siglo XX estalló una crisis en la sociedad que exigía cambios radicales. Desde ese periodo de inestabilidad apareció el Modernismo al que muchos críticos describen como una época en la sociedad y no solamente una corriente literaria. Asimismo, es muy importante destacar las características y los temas principales del Modernismo en la literatura, por ejemplo, la búsqueda de la belleza, de las respuestas que la ciencia no puede responder, el análisis de las emociones y la espiritualidad de los seres humanos. Esas también eran preguntas que estudiaba el ganador del Premio Nobel de Literatura Juan Ramón Jiménez a través de su prosa y poesía. U ovome radu obrađuje se tema modernizma u Španjolskoj kroz djela i utjecaj poznatog španjolskog pisca Juan Ramón Jiméneza. Juan Ramón je bio poznati književnik koji je svojim opusom obogatio španjolsku književnost dvadesetog stoljeća te svojim jedinstvenim načinom izražavanja utjecao na smjer književnosti i pjesnika koji su se pojavili nakon njega. No, kako bi se modernizam mogao shvatiti u potpunosti potrebno je opisati situaciju i tenzije koje su prevladavale u tadašnjem društvu, ekonomsku, političku i društvenu krizu u Španjolskoj proizašlu iz gubitka preostalih kolonija i lošeg upravljanja vladajuće administracije. Zbog tih razloga krajem devetnaestog stoljeća došlo je do krize u društvu koje je zahtijevalo korijenite promjene. Usred tog nestabilnog perioda pojavio se modernizam za kojeg mnogi kritičari kažu da nije bio samo književni pravac, već povijesno razdoblje u društvu. Također je vrlo važno istaknuti glavne karakteristike i teme modernizma kao književnog pravca poput usredotočenosti na potragu za ljepotom, odgovorima na pitanja koje znanost ne može odgovoriti, preispitivanje osjećaja i duhovnost svih ljudskih bića. Ovim se pitanjima bavio i dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za književnost Juan Ramón Jiménez kroz svoju prozu i poeziju.
- Published
- 2020
23. Katalonsko pitanje u ozračju predizborne kampanje u studenom 2019. godine
- Author
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Lasica, Ana and Raos, Višeslav
- Subjects
borba za neovisnost ,Španjolska ,Katalonija ,predizborno sučeljavanje ,interpretacijski okvir - Abstract
Porast potpore pokretu za neovisnost u Kataloniji je za posljedicu imao institucionalnu nestabilnost i promjenu španjolskoga stranačkog sustava. Ovaj rad istražuje razlike u interpretacijskim okvirima oko katalonskog pitanja na temelju izjava stranačkih čelnika koji su sudjelovali na četiri predizborna sučeljavanja. Interpretacijski okviri su definirani s obzirom na tri pitanja: Jesu li stranački čelnici u predizbornim sučeljavanjima prikazali katalonski proces (Procés) kao neprijateljski, tj. kao onaj koji ruši ustavni poredak ili kao legitimno pravo građana na prosvjed? Kako stranački čelnici uokviruju španjolsku državu, kao izričito unitarnu zemlju ili višenacionalnu državu? Smatraju li stranački čelnici da su nužne ustavne promjene kako bi se riješilo katalonsko pitanje ili preferiraju status quo? Analiza uokvirivanja je utvrdila pet interpretacijskih okvira te pokazala kako dva interpretacijska okvira koji idu prema afirmativnom rješavanju katalonskog pitanja u pogledu dijaloga s katalonskom vladom (Generalitat) uživaju većinu, kako na sučeljavanjima, tako i nakon izbora.
- Published
- 2020
24. Spanish Court Painters During the Reign of Philip IV
- Author
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Buzinac, Karla and Mišković, Ana
- Subjects
Siglo de Oro ,dvorski slikari ,Philip IV ,court painters ,Spain ,Filip IV ,Diego Velázquez ,Golden Age ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Povijest umjetnosti ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. History of Art ,Španjolska, Siglo de Oro, Filip IV., dvorski slikari, Diego Velázquez ,Španjolska - Abstract
Period u španjolskoj kulturi nazvan Siglo de Oro, tj. „zlatno doba“, stoji za kulturni procvat zemlje, odnosno za velike napretke kada je riječ o književnosti i umjetnosti, te se kronološki može promatrati kao istovremen s vladavinom dvojice kraljeva iz dinastije Habsburg – Filipa III. i njegova nasljednika Filipa IV. Obojica su pokazivala velik interes za učenje o umjetnosti, ali i za umjetnost općenito pa će tako Filip IV., za vrijeme svog kraljevanja (1621.-1665.), stvoriti zavidnu kolekciju umjetničkih djela koja su proizveli neki od tada najvećih europskih umjetnika poput Tiziana, Tintoretta, Rubensa i drugih. Iako se Španjolska u to vrijeme nalazila u Tridesetogodišnjem ratu i vodila prekooceanske bitke za kolonije, kralja ništa nije moglo smesti u prikupljanju umjetničkih djela od kojih se većina nalazila u palači Buen Retiro u Madridu, galeriji bogatstva kojeg je posjedovao. Smrću kralja Filipa IV. završava i tzv. „zlatno doba“ Španjolske, ali i dinastije Habsburg. Posljednji kralj iz dinastije, Karlo II., umro je bez nasljednika i tako je vlast pala u ruke francuske dinastije Bourbon. Osim poznatih mletačkih i sjevernjačkih umjetnika, kralj je na svoj dvor pozivao brojne španjolske umjetnike dajući im specifične narudžbe, pa su tako jedni slikali mitološke scene, drugi su radili scene povijesne tematike i prikaze najvećih španjolskih pobjeda, a treći pak scene mrtve prirode, dok su posljednji radili kraljevske portrete. U slikanju portreta najviše se istaknuo majstor seviljskog porijekla, Diego Velázquez, koji je titulu dvorskog slikara dobio 1623. godine i zadržao ju sve do smrti 1665 godine. Dakako, slikao je djela raznih tema, od sakralnih pa sve do pejzaža, ali je njegov talent najviše vidljiv u portretima, gdje je sa samo par poteza kistom mogao stvoriti unutarnju energiju likova. Upravo je to karakteristika njegova stila koja ga je ovjekovječila u španjolskom slikarstvu kao jednog od najvećih majstora ikada. The period in Spanish culture called the "Siglo de Oro", i.e. the "golden age", stands for the cultural flourishing of the country, i.e. for great progress when it comes to literature and art, and chronologically can be seen as simultaneous with the reign of two kings of the Habsburg dynasty - Philip III and his successor Philip IV. Both showed great interest in learning about art, but also in art in general, so that Philip IV, during his reign (1621-1665), created an enviable collection of works of art produced by some of the greatest European artists of that time such as Titian, Tintoretto, Rubens, and others. Although Spain was in the Thirty Years' War at the time and fighting overseas battles for colonies, nothing could stop the king from creating his collection, most of which was in the Buen Retiro Palace in Madrid, built as a gallery of wealth he possessed. The death of King Philip IV ends the so-called "golden age" of Spain, but also the Habsburg dynasty. The last king of the dynasty, Charles II, died without an heir and so power fell into the hands of the French Bourbon dynasty. In addition to famous Venetian and northern artists, the king invited many Spanish artists to his court, giving them specific orders, so some painted mythological scenes, others made scenes of historical themes and depictions of the greatest Spanish victories, and some others scenes of still lifes or royal portraits. In painting the portrait, the master of Seville origin, Diego Velázquez, stood out the most, as he received the title of court painter in 1623 and kept it until his death in 1665. Of course, he painted works of various themes, from sacral to landscapes, but his talent is most visible in portraits, where with just a few strokes of the brush he could create the inner energy of his characters. It is precisely this characteristic of his style that has immortalized him in Spanish painting as one of the greatest masters ever
- Published
- 2020
25. POSREDNI UČINAK SURADNJE NA ISTRAŽIVANJU I RAZVOJU NA INOVATIVNE PERFORMANSE PODUZEĆA
- Author
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Michael Amponsah Odei and Samuel Amponsah Odei
- Subjects
Inovacije ,inovacijske performance ,znanje ,I&R suradnja ,Španjolska ,Innovation ,innovation performance ,knowledge ,R&D collaborations ,Spain - Abstract
There is the need for firms to engage in R&D collaborations with different partners because these collaborations enable them to acquire new knowledge and technologies thereby increasing their innovation capabilities. These innovative collaborations are known to increase firm’s innovative performance, but the extent of the increase is not known. The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the mediating role of firm’s R&D collaborations and its influence on their innovative performance. To fulfil this objective, we used the Structural Equation Model and firm-level data from the Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (2010-2012). Our results have demonstrated that firms R&D collaborations was a statistically significant determinant that played a full mediating role in contributing to increase firm’s innovation performance by 27%. Our results have demonstrated that firm’s innovation collaborations rather had a weaker effect on their innovation performance. Additionally, knowledge sources also influenced firm’s collaborations, it had a stronger effect. Conversely, knowledge sources were not statistically significant in influencing firm’s innovation performance, it rather had an unsubstantial effect on innovation performance., Važno je da poduzeća uspostave suradnju u istraživanju i razvoju s različitim partnerima jer im ta suradnja omogućuje stjecanje novih znanja i tehnologija, čime povećavaju svoje inovacijske sposobnosti. Poznato je da ovakve suradnje povećavaju inovativne učinke tvrtke, ali opseg povećanja nije poznat. Glavni cilj ovog rada je empirijski ispitati posredničku ulogu istraživačke i razvojne suradnje tvrtke i njezin utjecaj na njihovu inovativne učinke. Kako bismo ispunili ovaj cilj, koristili smo model strukturnih jednadžbi te podatke na razini poduzeća iz Eurostatove ankete o inovacijama u zajednici (2010.-2012.). Naši rezultati pokazali su da je suradnja poduzeća u području istraživanja i razvoja bila statistički značajna odrednica koja je imala punu posredničku ulogu pridonoseći povećanju inovacijskih učinaka tvrtke za 27%.Naši rezultati pokazali su da je inovacijska suradnja poduzeća prilično slabije utjecala na njihovu inovacijsku učinkovitost. Uz to, izvori znanja također su također utjecali na suradnju poduzeća, što je imalo jak utjecaj. Suprotno tome, izvori znanja nisu bili statistički značajni na utjecaj na inovacijske performanse poduzeća, točnije imali su nebitan učinak na inovacijske performanse.
- Published
- 2020
26. Manuel Machado y el Modernismo español
- Author
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Marić, Katarina and Zovko, Maja
- Subjects
HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Romance Studies ,Manuel Machado ,Modernismo ,España ,modernizam ,poesía ,pjesništvo ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Romanistika ,Španjolska - Abstract
Ovaj rad se bavi književno-povijesnim razdobljem modernizma u Španjolskoj, njegovom pojavom te najistaknutijim značajkama. Modernizam je kulturni pokret koji se javlja u drugoj polovici devetnaestog stoljeća te isti karakteriziraju potpuno nove filozofske ideje i struje. Opisuju se značajke modernizma te čime su iste uvjetovane. Osim značajki španjolskog modernizma i njegovih najpoznatijih predstavnika, spominju se i najpoznatija djela tog razdoblja. U ovom radu značajke modernizma će se objasniti na poeziji Manuela Machada, jednom od najistaknutijih autora ovog literarnog pokreta u Španjolskoj. U zaključku će se istaknuti i utvrditi značaj književnog stvaralaštva Manuela Machada u književno-povijesnom razdoblju modernizma. Este trabajo trata el tema de la época del Modernismo español, con su aparición y sus características más destacadas. El Modernismo es un movimiento cultural que comenzó en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y se caracteriza por las nuevas ideas y corrientes filosóficas. Se describen las características de esta época y lo que está condicionado por ellas. Además de los rasgos del Modernismo español y sus más famosos representantes, se mencionan también las obras más famosas de ese período. En este trabajo las características de la época se comparan a través de los ejemplos de la obra poética de Manuel Machado, uno de los máximos representantes de este movimiento literario. En conclusión, se destacará y se determinará la importancia de la obra literaria de Manuel Machado en la época del Modernismo.
- Published
- 2020
27. Comparative analysis of ozone level prediction models using gene expression programming and multiple linear regression.
- Author
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Samadianfard, Saeed, Delirhasannia, Reza, Kişi, Özgür, and Agirre-Basurko, Elena
- Subjects
- *
ATMOSPHERIC ozone , *COMPARATIVE studies , *PREDICTION models , *GENE expression , *GENETIC programming , *REGRESSION analysis , *METROPOLITAN areas , *AIR pollution - Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) has been a serious air pollution problem for several decades and in many metropolitan areas, due to its adverse impact on the human respiratory system. Therefore, to reduce the risks of O3 related damages, developing, maintaining and improving short term ozone forecasting models is needed. This paper presents the results of two prognostic models including gene expression programming (GEP), which is a variant of genetic programming (GP), and multiple linear regression (MLR) to forecast ozone levels in real-time up to 6 hours ahead at four stations in Bilbao, Spain. The inputs to the GEP were meteorological conditions (wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, solar radiation and thermal gradient), hourly ozone levels and traffic parameters (number of vehicles, occupation percentage and velocity), which were measured in the years of 1993-94. The performances of developed models were compared with observed values and were evaluated using specific performance measurements for the air quality models established in the Model Validation Kit and recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It was found that the GEP in most cases gives superior predictions. Finally it can be concluded on the basis of the results of this study that gene expression programming appears to be a promising technique for the prediction of pollutant concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
28. NALAZI ŠPANJOLSKE (GOTIČKO-MUDEJARSKE) KERAMIKE S LOKALITETA SV. MARIJA OD KAŠTELA I KULA GORNJI UGAO U DUBROVNIKU.
- Author
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MILOšEVIĆ, BRANKA and TOPIĆ, NIKOLINA
- Subjects
SPANISH pottery ,POTTERY ,WORKSHOPS (Facilities) ,MAJOLICA - Abstract
Copyright of Archaeologia Adriatica is the property of Sveuciliste u Zadru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
29. MIGRATION, INFORMAL ECONOMY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN SPAIN.
- Author
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Repič, Jaka
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,SOCIAL isolation ,DIFFERENTIATION (Sociology) ,FOREIGN workers - Abstract
Copyright of Studia Ethnologica Croatica is the property of Studia Ethnologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
30. Building Friendship Networks and Intercultural Spaces: The Case of Japanese Women in Spain.
- Author
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AVILA TAPIES, Rosalia
- Subjects
OVERSEAS Japanese people ,NARRATIVES ,SOCIAL networks ,CROSS-cultural communication ,SOCIAL reality - Abstract
Copyright of Migration & Ethnic Themes: MET / Migracijske i Etničke Teme is the property of Institut za istrazivanje migracija / Institute for Migration Research (IMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
31. Spanish Professionals in Mexico City: Narratives on Work and Labour Markets.
- Author
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MENDOZA, Cristóbal and ORTIZ GUITART, Anna
- Subjects
LABOR ,IMMIGRANTS ,SPANIARDS ,SKILLED labor ,LABOR mobility ,EDUCATIONAL background - Abstract
Copyright of Migration & Ethnic Themes: MET / Migracijske i Etničke Teme is the property of Institut za istrazivanje migracija / Institute for Migration Research (IMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
32. Učinkovita implementacija politike upravljanja kvalitetom u javnoj upravi: španjolska iskustva i lekcije za Hrvatsku
- Author
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Jasmina Džinić
- Subjects
quality management, public administration, Croatia, Spain, implementation ,Quality management ,Public Administration ,quality management ,public administration ,Croatia ,Spain ,implementation ,Business ,Public administration ,Law ,upravljanje kvalitetom ,javna uprava ,Hrvatska ,Španjolska ,implementacija - Abstract
The aim of the paper was to determine institutional and other mechanisms which affect the effective implementation of a particular policy, and to draw some lessons for Croatia on the basis of Spanish experience in the implementation of a quality management policy in public administration. To this end, the mechanisms of the Centre of Government which may foster a particular policy were discussed and research was carried out on the quality management policy in Spanish public administration. The study is based on desk research and an interview conducted at the Spanish Agency for the Evaluation of Public Policies and Quality of Services – AEVAL. The paper analyses Spanish experiences in quality management policies, models, and practices in public administration in order to make some proposals for the effective development and implementation of a policy on quality management in Croatian public administration. Following a brief description of Croatian practices in quality management and plans to make further improvements, four of the most frequently implemented quality management instruments in Spain are analysed; namely, citizen satisfaction surveys, public service charters, quality evaluation conducted according to specific models, and quality awards. Furthermore, the institutional and regulatory framework for quality management in Spanish public administration is presented. Taking into consideration Spanish experiences, some lessons are proposed for the successful implementation of a quality management policy in Croatian public administration., Cilj rada jest utvrditi koji institucionalni i drugi mehanizmi utječu na djelotvornu primjenu određene politike te na temelju španjolskog iskustva u primjeni politike upravljanja kvalitetom u javnoj upravi izvući određene lekcije za Hrvatsku. Stoga se u radu raspravlja o mehanizmima centra vlade koji bi mogli potaknuti implementaciju određene javne politike te se provodi istraživanje o politici upravljanja kvalitetom u španjolskoj javnoj upravi. Studija se temelji na pretrazi podataka i intervjuu provedenom u španjolskoj Agenciji za evaluaciju javnih politika i kvalitete usluga – AEVAL. Analiziraju se španjolska iskustva u politikama, modelima i praksama upravljanja kvalitetom u javnoj upravi s ciljem davanja prijedloga za uspješan razvoj i implementaciju politike upravljanja kvalitetom u hrvatskoj javnoj upravi. Nakon kratke prezentacije hrvatskih praksi upravljanja kvalitetom i planova za daljnja unaprjeđenja, analiziraju se četiri najčešće primjenjivana instrumenta upravljanja kvalitetom u Španjolskoj: istraživanja zadovoljstva građana, povelje javnih službi, vrednovanje kvalitete provedeno prema posebnim modelima i nagrade za kvalitetu. Osim toga, predstavlja se institucionalni i regulacijski okvir upravljanja kvalitetom u španjolskoj javnoj upravi. Uzimajući u obzir španjolska iskustva, predlažu se lekcije za uspješnu implementaciju politike upravljanja kvalitetom u hrvatskoj javnoj upravi.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Terapija bazirana na ljudskom urinu u Španjolskoj od ranih godina XX. stoljeća do danas
- Author
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Alfonso J. Aparicio Mena, José Antonio González, and José Ramón Vallejo Villalobos
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Folk medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,human urine ,folk remedies ,symbolism ,overview ,Spain ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Naturopathy ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,Direct analysis ,ljudski urin ,narodni lijekovi ,simbolizam ,pregled ,Španjolska ,Urban environment ,Symbolic Systems - Abstract
Human urine is currently the subject of biomedical investigations as a potential therapeutic resource and it continues to be used in remedies in different cultures and societies, including the Spanish culture. In this study we gather etnomedical knowledge about urotherapy and determine their associated symbolisms in Spain. A literature overview and a case study were carried out to compile urine-based remedies and as a direct analysis of symbolic systems. Urotherapy is widespread in Spanish folk medicine. Among the 204 collected remedies, those related to treatment of diseases or skin conditions predominate (63%). Remedies have been reported for the treatment of skin diseases such as eczema, chloasma, alopecia, etc. to treat or alleviate burns, chilblains, wounds or skin chapping, and as a treatment of venomous bites. Most of the collected remedies have an associated naturalist symbolism, based on local traditions and the transmission of empirical initial knowledge. The use of urine in Spain is a result of the interaction of two types of practice: a local and traditional urotherapy, rural and with a utilitarian purpose, and a technical urotherapy, limited to an urban environment and a naturopathic medicine., Ljudski je urin trenutačno predmet biomedicinskih istraživanja kao potencijalno terapeutsko sredstvo i dalje se koristi kao lijek u različitim kulturama i društvima, uključujući i španjolsku kulturu. U ovom radu prikupljamo etnomedicinsko znanje o uroterapiji i utvrđujemo njihovu povezanu simboliku u Španjolskoj. Pregled literature i metoda studije slučaja provedeni su radi prikupljanja lijekova na bazi urina i izravne analize simboličkih sustava. Uroterapija je raširena u španjolskoj narodnoj medicini. Među 204 prikupljena lijeka prevladavaju oni koji se odnose na liječenje bolesti ili kožnih stanja (63%). Zabilježeni su lijekovi za liječenje kožnih bolesti kao što su ekcemi, chloasma (melasma), alopecija itd., za liječenje ili ublažavanje opeklina, ozeblina, rana ili ispucale kože te za liječenje ugriza zmija otrovnica. Većina prikupljenih lijekova ima povezanu prirodnu simboliku, temeljenu na lokalnim tradicijama i prenošenju empirijskog inicijalnog znanja. Uporaba urina u Španjolskoj posljedica je interakcije dviju vrsta prakse: lokalne i tradicionalne uroterapije, ruralne s utilitarnom svrhom, te tehničke uroterapije, ograničene na urbanu sredinu i naturopatsku medicinu.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Bilingualism in Advertising
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Škrlec, Lucija and Škifić, Sanja
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HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Anglistics ,bilingualism ,oglašavanje ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Anglistika ,bilingual identity ,Japan ,Spain ,dvojezični identitet ,France ,dvojezičnost ,engleski jezik ,advertising ,the English language ,globalization ,Francuska ,globalizacija ,Španjolska - Abstract
The first part of this paper that deals with bilingualism in advertising consists of a brief presentation of the definitions and features of bilingualism and provision of several examples from everyday life. Many studies investigating different spheres of bilingualism attest to its significance and help us understand a variety of aspects of the phenomenon. What is also highlighted are the types of bilingualism and their influence on identity formation, which is relevant in order to understand the concept of bilingual advertising. The second part focuses on the influence of globalization on languages in general and the development of bilingualism. Taking into consideration that the world has become a ―global village‖ in recent years, it is no surprise that bilingual advertisements represent a growing trend. Due to its status on a global level, the starting point was English, its use and effectiveness in the advertising world. This paper also provides a brief analysis of the use of the English language in advertising in countries where English has spread quite widely in recent years, and these are: Japan, Spain and France. Prvi dio ovog rada koji se bavi dvojezičnošću u oglašavanju sastoji se od definicija i obilježja dvojezičnosti uz nekoliko navedenih primjera iz svakodnevnog života. Mnoga istraživanja koja se bave različitim sferama dvojezičnosti potvrđuju njezin značaj i pomažu nam u razumijevanju niza aspekata tog fenomena. Ono što je također istaknuto su vrste dvojezičnosti i njihov utjecaj na formiranje identiteta koji je svakako relevantan za razumijevanje koncepta dvojezičnog oglašavanja. Drugi se dio temelji na utjecaju globalizacije na jezike općenito, ali i na razvoj dvojezičnosti. Uzevši u obzir da je svijet u posljednjih nekoliko godina postao „globalno selo‖, ne čudi činjenica da su i dvojezični oglasi rastući trend. S obzirom na njegov status na globalnoj razini, polazna točka je engleski jezik, njegova upotreba i učinkovitost u svijetu oglašavanja. U radu je također predstavljena analiza upotrebe engleskog jezika u oglašavanju u zemljama u kojima se posljednjih godina znatno proširio, a to su: Japan, Španjolska i Francuska.
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- 2019
35. Regionalism and separatism in Spain
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Barišić, Krešimir and Fuerst-Bjeliš, Borna
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Španjolska, autonomne zajednice, regionalizam, separatizam ,autonomne zajednice ,Spain ,separatism ,regionalizam ,INTERDISCIPLINARNA PODRUČJA ZNANOSTI. Geografija ,regionalism ,INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE. Geography ,separatizam ,autonomous communities ,Španjolska - Abstract
Kraljevina Španjolska izvrstan je primjer zemlje u kojoj se u svim njezinim regijama uz nacionalni izrazito jako izražava i regionalni identitet. U Španjolskoj pitanje nacionalnog i regionalnog identiteta predmet je stalnih prijepora. Cilj ovoga rada je utvrditi uzročno-posljedičnu vezu izraženosti ovih najviših razina prostornih identiteta, a koja proizlazi iz povijesnih, geografskih, jezičnih, ekonomskih, političkih i društvenih razloga. U svrhu pregleda i analize te razumijevanja problema koristit će se dostupna relevantna znanstvena i stručna literatura. U radu će se na temelju analize dostupnih podataka primijeniti kartografski prikazi te osnovne statističke i grafičke metode. Geografski pristup može doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju zato što je regija geografima temelj proučavanja, što je i motiv za razmatranje problematike u geografskom kontekstu. Kingdom of Spain is a great example of a country where, in addition to it's nationality, it's regional identity is very strong. In Spain, the issue of national and regional identity has been the subject of ongoing debate. The aim of this paper is to determine the cause-and-effect relationship of the expression of these highest levels of spatial identities, which stems from historical, geographical, linguistic, economic, political and social reasons. Relevant scientific and professional literature will be used to review and analyze and understand the issues. Based on the analysis of available data, the paper will use cartographic representations and basic statistical and graphical methods. The geographical approach can contribute to a better understanding because the region is the basis of study for geographers, which is also a motive for considering issues in a geographical context.
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- 2019
36. Referendum Campaign for Catalonian Independence
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Ivandić, Ivana, Grbeša-Zenzerović, Marijana, Vilović, Gordana, and Beck, Boris
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Catalonia ,campaign ,Spanish political parties/leaders ,kampanja ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Information and Communication Sciences. Journalism ,Katalonija ,španjolske novine ,Spanish press ,a referendum for independence ,case study ,Spain ,referendum za neovisnost ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti. Novinarstvo ,studija slučaja ,Španjolska ,španjolske političke stranke i lideri - Abstract
Ovaj diplomski rad sastoji se od teorijskog i istraživačkog dijela. U teorijskom dijelu obrađuje se ekonomski, povijesni i politički kontekst Španjolske i Katalonije te referendum za neovisnost Katalonije. Istraživanje se provodilo kroz analizu govora, nastupa i intervjua bivšeg predsjednika katalonske vlade Carlesa Puigdemonta i bivšeg španjolskog premijera Mariana Rajoya, te članaka u dvije španjolske (El Mundo i El Pais) i dvije katalonske dnevne novine (La Vanguardia i Periodico de Catalunya), odnosno njihova online izdanja, u razdoblju od 1. rujna do 31. listopada 2017. godine. U istraživanju se koristila studija slučaja koja je imala za cilj ustvrditi kako su političke stranke/lideri u referendumskoj kampanji za neovisnost predstavljali ključne teme, probleme i pitanja referenduma. Analiza je pokazala da je bivši predsjednik katalonske vlade Carles Puigdemont odlučno, pozitivno i optimistično iznosio ključne teme, probleme i pitanje referenduma te upućivao poruke s ciljem ohrabrivanja, pružanja podrške i davanja nade Kataloncima, dok se bivši španjolski premijer Mariano Rajoy služio prijetnjama, upozorenjima i nasiljem kako bi izazvao paniku i strah. Također, potvrđena je teza da političke stranke i akteri imaju potpunu kontrolu nad sadržajem te njime mogu manipulirati jer su oba aktera uspjela usmjeriti pozornost na određene teme u odnosu na druge. Tako su mediji prenosili upravo te teme i poruke i na način koji su ih oni definirali., This master thesis consists of a theoretical and research part. The theoretical part describes the economic, historical and political context of Spain and Catalonia and a referendum on Catalonia's independence. The research was conducted through an analysis of speeches, performances, and interviews by former Catalan Prime Minister Carles Puigdemont and former Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy. Also through articles on the following two Spanish daily newspaper El Mundo and El Pais and two Catalan daily newspaper La Vanguardia and Periodico de Catalunya, their online editions, between September 1 and October 31, 2017. The method used in this research is a case study, with the goal of finding out in which way political parties/leaders in the referendum campaign for independence represented the main topics, problems, and issues of the referendum. The analysis showed that former Catalan Prime Minister Carles Puigdemont was resolutely, positively and optimistically presenting key topics, problems and the issue of the referendum and sending messages to encourage, support and give hope to the Catalans, while former Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy used threats, warnings, and violence to cause fear and panic. Also, the thesis that political parties and leaders have complete control over the content and can manipulate it was confirmed because both leaders were able to focus attention on certain topics in relation to the other. Thus, the media published precisely these topics and massages in the way they defined them.
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- 2019
37. Referendumska kampanja za neovisnost Katalonije
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Ivandić, Ivana and Grbeša-Zenzerović, Marijana
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Catalonia ,campaign ,Spanish political parties/leaders ,kampanja ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Information and Communication Sciences. Journalism ,Katalonija ,španjolske novine ,Spanish press ,a referendum for independence ,case study ,Spain ,referendum za neovisnost ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti. Novinarstvo ,studija slučaja ,Španjolska ,španjolske političke stranke i lideri - Abstract
Ovaj diplomski rad sastoji se od teorijskog i istraživačkog dijela. U teorijskom dijelu obrađuje se ekonomski, povijesni i politički kontekst Španjolske i Katalonije te referendum za neovisnost Katalonije. Istraživanje se provodilo kroz analizu govora, nastupa i intervjua bivšeg predsjednika katalonske vlade Carlesa Puigdemonta i bivšeg španjolskog premijera Mariana Rajoya, te članaka u dvije španjolske (El Mundo i El Pais) i dvije katalonske dnevne novine (La Vanguardia i Periodico de Catalunya), odnosno njihova online izdanja, u razdoblju od 1. rujna do 31. listopada 2017. godine. U istraživanju se koristila studija slučaja koja je imala za cilj ustvrditi kako su političke stranke/lideri u referendumskoj kampanji za neovisnost predstavljali ključne teme, probleme i pitanja referenduma. Analiza je pokazala da je bivši predsjednik katalonske vlade Carles Puigdemont odlučno, pozitivno i optimistično iznosio ključne teme, probleme i pitanje referenduma te upućivao poruke s ciljem ohrabrivanja, pružanja podrške i davanja nade Kataloncima, dok se bivši španjolski premijer Mariano Rajoy služio prijetnjama, upozorenjima i nasiljem kako bi izazvao paniku i strah. Također, potvrđena je teza da političke stranke i akteri imaju potpunu kontrolu nad sadržajem te njime mogu manipulirati jer su oba aktera uspjela usmjeriti pozornost na određene teme u odnosu na druge. Tako su mediji prenosili upravo te teme i poruke i na način koji su ih oni definirali. This master thesis consists of a theoretical and research part. The theoretical part describes the economic, historical and political context of Spain and Catalonia and a referendum on Catalonia's independence. The research was conducted through an analysis of speeches, performances, and interviews by former Catalan Prime Minister Carles Puigdemont and former Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy. Also through articles on the following two Spanish daily newspaper El Mundo and El Pais and two Catalan daily newspaper La Vanguardia and Periodico de Catalunya, their online editions, between September 1 and October 31, 2017. The method used in this research is a case study, with the goal of finding out in which way political parties/leaders in the referendum campaign for independence represented the main topics, problems, and issues of the referendum. The analysis showed that former Catalan Prime Minister Carles Puigdemont was resolutely, positively and optimistically presenting key topics, problems and the issue of the referendum and sending messages to encourage, support and give hope to the Catalans, while former Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy used threats, warnings, and violence to cause fear and panic. Also, the thesis that political parties and leaders have complete control over the content and can manipulate it was confirmed because both leaders were able to focus attention on certain topics in relation to the other. Thus, the media published precisely these topics and massages in the way they defined them.
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- 2019
38. Enrique Granados: Danzas españolas
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Bauer Marijanović, Silvija, Krasnitsky, Konstantin, and Krasnitskaya, Yuliya
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tempo ,glazbeni oblik ,Spain ,ples ,Enrique Granados ,klavir ,dance ,piano ,FIELD OF ART. Art of Music ,musical shape ,UMJETNIČKO PODRUČJE. Glazbena umjetnost ,Španjolska - Abstract
„Danzas españolas“ djelo je španjolskog skladatelja Enriquea Granadosa. Odabir ovoga djela pokazuje određenu zrelost pri sviranju, kako bi se moglo okarakterizirati detaljnije ono što je sam skladatelj želio postići stvaranjem ovoga djela. Kako bi se ono izvelo, potrebno je educiranje, odnosno stvaranje svog osobnog mišljenja i stava o ovakvoj vrsti glazbe. Granados je, uz Albeniza, bio skladatelj tzv. novije glazbe njihova vremena. Iako potpuno različiti u svojemu načinu skladanja i interpretiranja, njih vežu i određene sličnosti. Neovisno o sličnostima, Granados je bio jedinstven. „12 španjolskih plesova“ doista sadrže 12 cjelovitih plesova koji su karakterno vrlo slični, iako ih razlikuju partiture. Karakter koji je Granados nastojao pokazati – španjolski i svoj osobni psihološki profil – istaknut je kroz sve plesove ovoga ciklusa. On dočarava ljepotu španjolske glazbe te ujedno i crtu Granadosovog stvaralaštva koja se prožima cijelim djelom. Za ovo je potrebno poznavati crtice iz njegove biografije kako bi shvatili trnovit put prema onome što je zaista želio. „Danzas españolas“ je njegovo maestralno djelo i velik „zalogaj“ za diplomski rad u kojemu jedan pijanist mora pokazati razumijevanje prema samome djelu, prema sazrijevanju koje je stekao prilikom studiranja te, u konačnici, veliko interpretacijsko umijeće. "Danzas españolas" is a piece from Spanish composer Enrique Granados. Selecting and performing this piece shows a certain amount of maturity. In order to better characterise what the composer himself wanted to achieve by creating this piece, it is necessary to educate oneself - to create your own personal opinion and attitude towards this type of music. Granados, along with Albeniza, was the composer of so-called newer music (at that time). Although they differ in their way of composing and interpreting music, they also share certain similarities. Regardless of the similarities, Granados was unique, his „12 Spanish Dances“ really contain 12 complete dances. All of them are very similar in character, although they differ in partiture; but character which Granados tried to show (Spanish + his personal psychological profile) was highlighted through all of them in this cycle. They capture the beauty of Spanish music and at the same time the line of Granados's work, which permeates throughout the whole piece (for this it is necessary to know certain parts from his biography to better understand the hardships and struggle he endured to achieve something that he really wanted). "Danzas españolas" is his greatest masterpiece and a really big "bite" for the Graduation thesis, in which a pianist can show understanding of the piece, the maturity that was acquired during studies and, ultimately, the art of interpretation he or she has honed.
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- 2019
39. The prospects of development of the citrus production in the Neretva valley in the context of contemporary tendencies
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Ivana Paladin Soče, Dario Ivić, and Mara Marić
- Subjects
citrus fruits, Citrus tristeza virus ,Spain ,eradication ,Neretva valley ,agrumi ,Citrus tristeza virus ,Španjolska ,eradikacija ,dolina Neretve - Abstract
U većini zemalja svijeta gdje se uzgajaju agrumi, pa tako i u Hrvatskoj, prisutni su pojedini štetni organizmi koji mogu ograničavati proizvodnju i prodaju agruma. Među njima, najpoznatiji je Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) koji uzrokuje smanjenje rodnosti i bujnosti stabala. Cilj ovog rada je na primjeru Španjolske prikazati velike razmjere posljedica koje je prouzrokovao CTV tijekom 20. stoljeća. Zbog intenzivnog širenja virusa unutar plantažnih nasada u razdoblju od 10 godina propalo je više od 44 milijuna stabala agruma nacijepljenih na podlogu gorke naranče (Citrus aurantim L.). Prikazati će se pristupi kojima su se u Španjolskoj rješavali problemi zaraze velikih uzgojnih područja agruma. Temeljem španjolskih iskustava prikazati će se mogućnosti provođenja sustavnih stručnih mjera na područje doline Neretve, najvažnijeg uzgojnog područja agruma u Hrvatskoj, kojima bi se širenje CTV-a svelo na najmanju moguću mjeru. Na području doline Neretve od 2005. do 2019. godine proveden je veći broj istraživanja prisutnosti i raširenosti CTV-a. Tijekom tog razdoblja, najveći postotak raširenosti virusa zabilježen je 2006. godine, kada je CTV utvrđen u 80 % uzoraka. Virus je redovito utvrđen u dolini Neretve u svim godinama u kojima su istraživanja provedena. Problem CTV-a je prisutan već dugi niz godina i patogen se i dalje širi, što nam ukazuje na potrebu poduzimanja mjera sprječavanja njegovog širenja. Među najvažnijim stručnim mjerama je kontrola prisutnosti virusa u sadnom materijalu i sadnja zdravog sadnog materijala prema odredbama Pravilnika o stavljanju na tržište reprodukcijskog sadnog materijala i sadnica namijenjenih za proizvodnju voća (NN 9/17, 39/20) u kojem su sadržane direktive Europske unije 2008/90/EZ, 2014/96/EU, i 2014/98/EU., In most countries of the world where citrus fruits are grown, including Croatia, several viruses and virus-like agents exist limiting the production and sale of citrus fruits. The most common among them is Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) which causes a decrease in tree fertility and lushness. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the large scale of consequences caused by the CTV in Spain during the 20th century. More than 44 million citrus trees grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantim L) rootstock sourhad decayed over a period of 10 years due to the intensing spread of CTV. The approaches that addressed the problem of infection of large citrus growing areas in Spain will be presented. Based on the experience in Spain, this paper will show the possibilities of implementing systematic expert measures which would eradicate or minimize the presence of CTV in the area of the Neretva valley, the most important citrus growing area in Croatia. A large number of researches have been carried out on the presence and the outspread of CTV in the Neretva Valley from 2005 to 2019. During this period, the highest percentage of virus outspread was observed in 2006, when CTV was detected in 80% of the collected samples. The virus was regularly detected in the Neretva valley in all the years the research was conducted. The problem of CTV has been present for many years and the pathogen is still spreading, which indicates the need to take some measures to prevent this continuous spreading. Among the most important and effective measures is the control of viral diseases in the propagation materials and the mother blocks and planting virus-free plants in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance on placing reproductive planting material and seedlings intended for fruit production on the market (OG 9/17, 39/20), which contain European Union Directives 2008/90 / EC, 2014/96 / EU, and 2014/98 / EU
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- 2019
40. SPORT ORGANISATIONS IN TOTALITARIANISM: FOOTBAL FEDERATIONS IN GERMANY, SPAIN AND INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA
- Author
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Vladimir Iveta
- Subjects
sportska organizacija ,totalitarizam ,autonomija sporta ,Njemačka ,Španjolska ,NDH ,Sportorganisation ,Totalitarismus ,Sportautonomie ,Deutschland ,Spanien ,USK ,organizzazione sportiva ,totalitarismo ,autonomia dello sport ,Germania ,Spagna ,Stato Indipendente di Croazia ,sports organisation ,totalitarianism ,autonomy of sports ,Germany ,Spain ,Independent State of Croatia - Abstract
Autonomija sportskih organizacija u odnosu na državnu vlast danas je općeprihvaćeno pravilo. To je načelo sadržano, između ostalog, u dokumentima Europske unije, Međunarodnog olimpijskog saveza, FIFA-e, UEFA-e i nacionalnih sportskih saveza. U vrijeme kada su u Europi prevladavali totalitarni ili autoritarni režimi, odnosno u tridesetim i četrdesetim godinama 20. stoljeća, to se načelo, iako je već tada postojalo, nije poštovalo u zemljama u kojima su na vlasti bili poredci koji su težili potpunom nadzoru svih društvenih sfera života. U tim su režimima državna ili stranačka tijela izravno upravljali sportskim organizacijama. U radu se analizira, povijesno-politički kontekst, položaj i ustroj sportskih organizacija u totalitarizmu u tri studije slučaja: nacističkoj Njemačkoj, frankističkoj Španjolskoj i ustaškoj Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj. Pokazuje se, unatoč nekim razlikama, da su ta tri režima sport poistovjetila s državom / vladajućom političkom strankom, nametala mu pravila i kadrovska rješenja te ga koristila u promidžbene svrhe. U pisanju su se rada koristili kao izvori državni i stranački propisi koji su se odnosili na organizaciju sporta, propisi državnih krovnih sportskih organizacija iz analiziranog razdoblja te relevantna literatura o povijesti sporta., The autonomy of sports organisations in relation to the state authorities is something that is commonplace today. This principle is contained, inter alia, in the documents of the European Union, International Olympic Committee, FIFA, UEFA and national sports federations. During the period when totalitarian or authoritarian regimes predominated in Europe, i.e. in the 1930s and 1940s, this principle (even though it already existed at that point) was not adhered to in countries governed by regimes that strived towards total control of all social aspects of life. In these regimes, sports organisations were directly managed by state or party authorities. This paper situates the status and structure of sports organisations in totalitarianism within their historical and political context, and then analyses them on the example of three case studies: Nazi Germany, Francoist Spain and the Ustasha-governed Independent State of Croatia. The results showed that, in spite of certain differences, all three regimes identified sports with the state/governing political party, imposed rules and personnel selections on it, and used it for propaganda purposes. The sources used for creating this paper included state and party regulations pertaining to the organisation of sports, the regulations of state umbrella sports organisations from the analysed period, and relevant literature on the history of sports., Heutzutage gilt die Autonomie der Sportorganisationen der Staatsgewalt gegenüber als eine allgemein akzeptable Regel. Dieser Grundsatz ist unter anderem in Dokumenten der Europäischen Union, des Internationalen Olympischen Komitees, der FIFA, der UEFA und der nationalen Sportvereine enthalten. Zur Zeit der totalitären und autoritären Regimes in Europa in den 30er und 40er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde dieser Grundsatz, obwohl es ihn schon gab, in Ländern mit Rechtsordnungen, welche alle Lebenssphären zu kontrollieren strebten, nicht respektiert. In diesen Regimes wurden Sportorganisationen direkt von staatlichen oder parteilichen Körpern verwaltet. Nach dem man im Beitrag den entsprechenden historisch-politischen Kontext bestimmt, analysiert man den Status und die Struktur von Organisationen im Totalitarismus in drei Fallstudien: Nazi-Deutschland, dem franquistischen Spanien und dem kroatischen Ustascha-Staat. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudien zeigen, dass diese drei Regimes trotz mancher Unterschiede den Sport mit dem Staat/ der regierenden politischen Partei gleichsetzten, sowie dass sie ihm die Regeln und Personallösungen aufzwangen und ihn als Propaganda nutzten. Bei der Erfassung dieses Beitrags benutzte man die auf Sportorganisation bezogenen staatlichen und parteilichen Vorschriften, die Vorschriften der Dachorganisationen des Sports aus dem analysierten Zeitraum und die relevante Literatur über die Geschichte Sports als Quellen., L’autonomia delle organizzazione sportive rispetti al potere statale costituisce al giorno d’oggi un principio assodato. Tale principio è, tra l’altro, contenuto nei documenti dell’Unione europea, del comitato olimpico internazionale, della FIFA, della UEFA e delle federazioni sportive nazionali. Nel periodo in cui in Europa vi furono dei regimi totalitari o autoritari, ossia negli anni ‘30 e ‘40 del XX secolo, tale principio, benché già esistente all’epoca, non veniva rispettato, poiché tali sistemi propendevano per il controllo totalitario di tutte le sfere sociali della vita. In tali regimi le organizzazioni sportive erano gestite direttamente da parte dello stato o di organi statali. Nel lavoro si disaminano alla luce del contesto storico-politico lo status e la struttura delle organizzazioni sportive in tre sistemi totalitari dell’epoca: la Germania nazista, la Spagna franchista e lo Stato indipendente di Croazia ustascia. Si dimostra, nonostante alcune differenze, che questi tre regimi identificavano lo sport con il partito politico statale/al potere, imponendo regole e soluzioni, come anche utilizzando lo sport a fini di propaganda. Nella redazione del lavoro sono state utilizzate fonti statali e partitiche, che si riferivano all’organizzazione dello sport, legislazioni statali che si riferivano alle più alte organizzazioni sportive nazionali di quel periodo, come anche la letteratura rilevante in tema di storia dello sport.
- Published
- 2019
41. Mjesto i značaj pješaštva u strategiji ratovanja ranog novog vijeka
- Author
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Krilić, Ivo and Pavić, Milorad
- Subjects
Njemačka ,spear ,oružja ,car ,arkebuze ,Škoti ,helebardisti ,weapons ,landsknechtovi ,Germany ,opsade ,Spaniards ,rat ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. History. Early Croatian and World History ,war ,halberd ,sieges ,king ,kralj ,kopljanici ,Švicarci ,Swiss ,Španjolci ,arkebuziri ,papa ,emperor ,landsknecht ,Italy ,Scotland ,Spain ,Italija ,France ,Scots ,pope ,Škotska ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Povijest. Hrvatska i svjetska ranonovovjekovna povijest ,Francuska ,Španjolska - Abstract
Sve u svemu, trebalo bi naglasiti da je razvoj i uloga pješaštva u strategiji ratovanja ranog novog vijeka proces a ne jednokratna i brza preobrazba. Od kasnog srednjeg vijeka i sukoba u Francuskoj za vrijeme Stogodišnjeg rata, ratni će vihor zahvatiti i obližnja kraljevstva od kojih su neka i bila posljedica samog sukoba u Francuskoj, poput Burgundije. Velike bitke tog sukoba koji je bjesnio više od stoljeća su po prvi puta pokazale da teška konjica u sukobu većeg razmjera ipak može biti potučena. Burgundija kao i car Maksimilijan I. su naučili na teži način da se pješaštvo švicarskih kantona više ne može konvencionalno rastjerati konjicom poput običnih kmetova. Naime, Švicarci su kroz sukobe sa svojim susjedima razvili daleko bolju, uređeniju i profesionalniju vojsku. Uz to Švicarci su u kratkom periodu vremena mogli dići na oružje velik broj vojnika čime se nije mogao pohvaliti niti jedan monarh tog vremena. Osim novih taktika i manevara koji su rigorozno uvježbani od vojnika kantona, oprema pojedinih vojnika rasla je s iskustvom i zarađenim novcem. S vremenom upravo je novac postao glavna okosnica te motivacija Švicaraca da se uključe u bitke svojeg vremena. Kada su se prestali boriti za vlastiti život i samostalnost kantonalni su vojnici postali najbolja vojska svojeg vremena koja je počela ratovati za višu ponudu. S obzirom da se sistem novačenja i ratovanja počeo oslanjati na iskusne profesionalce koji su esencijalno bili plaćenici neminovno se trebala oglasiti i konkurencija. Nakon kratkotrajnog švicarskog monopola na burzi rata na bojna polja dolaze njemački landsknechtovi koji ih naravno ne izbacuju s istih nego stvaraju profesionalno rivalstvo koje će plaćati novac europskih monarha. Ubrzo će sukobi tih monarha u Italiji dovesti još jednu jedinicu na bojna polja. Rastuća velesila na zapadu, Španjolska, odnedavno ujedinjena Izabelinim i Ferdinandovim brakom, na krilima uspjeha reconquiste, postat će njihovu unuku dio ogromnog nasljedstva te izvora resursa i izvanrednih vojnika koji će pod tutorstvom još boljih zapovjednika i kroz teško iskustvo rata postati treće dominantno pješaštvo pod imenom španjolski terciosi. Dobra se vijest širi sporo, loša brzo, ali obje iza onih o ishodima i prirodi velikih bitki te geopolitičkog razmještanja turbulentne Europe. Škotima nije trebalo dugo da shvate da se konvencija ratovanja kreće u nepredvidljivom smjeru i da se po prvi puta s novim oružjem i taktikama mogu poraziti moćne, srednjovjekovne vojske banderijskog ustroja. Stoga, treba istaknuti da je promjena načina ratovanja putem novih izuma, oružja, broja uvježbanih vojnika te njihova novačenja uvelike promijenila način na koji će se buduće bitke kao i ratovi voditi. Ipak, do te promjene je došlo lančano, uz iskustvo i krave sukobe iz kojih će gubitnička strana imati priliku učiti dok će pobjednička strana slaviti. All in all it should be emphasised that the development and role of infantry in the strategy of warfare in the early modern era was a process and not the one-time, quick transformation. Since the late medieval period and conflicts in France in the period of the hundred year war, the tide of war will engulf the neighbouring kingdoms of which some were the direct consequence of the war in France, like Burgundy. Big battles of that war which raged for more than a century had proven that even the heavy cavalry in the conflict of a bigger magnitude can be beaten. Burgundy like the emperor Maximilian I. had learned the hard way that the infantry of the Swiss cantons cannot be conventionally routed like the common knaves. In fact, Swiss developed through the conflicts with their neighbour’s, far better, professionalised army. With that fact Swiss also could raise a formidable army in a short period of time. That was also the trait that very few European monarchs of that time could complement themselves with. Beside new tactics and manoeuvres witch were rigorously trained by men of the cantons, equipment of an individual soldier had progressed with experience and expansion of their budget. With time money became main motivation of the Swiss to enter the battles. When they stopped fighting for their lives and independence they became the best army of their period without employment which led them to fight for a higher bid. With the fact that a levy system and warfare in general became dependent on an experienced professionals which were essentially mercenaries, in time Swiss finally got their competition. After a short Swiss monopoly on the market of war battlefields will be flooded with German landsknechts who won’t push out the Swiss from the conflicts but make a professional rivalry paid by the money of the European monarchs. Meanwhile the conflicts of these monarchs in Italy will bring one more infantry unit on the battlefields. Growing power on the west, Spain, recently united by the marriage of the Isabella and Ferdinand and carried on the wings of the success of the Reconquista will become one of the most important holdings and sources of resources and fine soldiers for the grandson of the king and queen of Spain. Under the tutorship of even finer commanders Spanish soldiers will become the third most important infantry unit on the battlefields of Europe known as the Spanish tercios. Good news spread slowly, bad ones quickly, but both after those about outcomes and nature of guidance of wars and geopolitical carvings of a turbulent Europe. It didn’t take long for Scots to realise that the convention of war is heading towards unpredictable direction and that for the first time with the new weapons and tactics an old European army organised around heavy cavalry can be beaten. In the end it is worth mentioning that the transformation of warfare trough new inventions, weapons, numbers of trained soldiers and new levy system had changed the ways of fighting battles and even wars. On the other hand those changes came consequently with experience and bloody conflicts from which losing side had a chance to learn and winning one to celebrate.
- Published
- 2018
42. Francisco Goya
- Author
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Dundov, Dorotea and Sorić, Sofija
- Subjects
Francisco Goya ,Romanticism ,Spain ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. History of Art. History and Theory of the Fine Arts, Architecture, Urbanism and Visual Communications ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Povijest umjetnosti. Povijest i teorija likovnih umjetnosti, arhitekture, urbanizma i vizualnih komunikacija ,romantizam ,Španjolska - Abstract
Sredinom 18. stoljeća, točnije 1746. godine rođen je jedan od najznačajnijih španjolskih predstavnika romantizma, Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, čija se posljednja djela smatraju pretečom impresionizma. Najviše se istakao izradom portreta, u čijem bogatom opusu oslikava članove kraljevske obitelji, aristokraciju, žene i djecu. Njegovu početnu slikarsku fazu obilježavaju teme iz svakodnevnog života koje karakterizira paleta kojom prevladavaju žarke i vesele boje. Kako je vrijeme odmicalo, a životne okolnosti su se mijenjale, Goyino je okruženje postajalo sve teže i tmurnije. Njegovu zrelu životnu dob obilježila je gluhoća te ratovi i pobune u rodnoj Španjolskoj. Zbog povijesnih i društveno – političkih okolnosti za vrijeme Francuske revolucije, Goyin pogled na svijet se drastično mijenja, a u njegovom opusu počinju prevladavati djela u kojima prikazuje mučne scene nasilja te osuđuje moć Crkve i svećenstva. Ti su prizori objedinjeni u mapi Los Caprichos, dok su u mapi Los Desastres de la Guerra objedinjena djela koja prikazuju strahote rata, a na njima se ujedno odražava i umjetnikovo psihičko stanje. Pred kraj svog života Goya živi u kući poznatoj pod nazivom Quinta del Sordo što u prijevodu znači „Kuća gluhog čovjeka“. U ovoj kući nastaju poznate takozvane Crne slike na kojima prevladavaju crna i smeđa boja, izobličene ljudske figure koje su prikazane u prostoru lišenom svakog detalja, čime simboliziraju strah i samoću koje je Goya osjećao pred kraj svog života. Unatoč svim preprekama koje je život postavio pred njega, ovaj ih je veliki umjetnik uspješno svladao i ostavio neizbrisiv trag u europskoj povijesti umjetnosti. Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes, one of the most notable representatives of Spanish Romanticism, was born in 1746. His last works are considered to be the predecessors of Impressionism. He was mostly acknowledged for making portraits, particularly of the Royals, aristocracy, women and children. Goya’s primary painting stage is characterized by the dominance of bright and vivid colours. With the passage of time and the change of life circumstances, Goya’s surroundings became progressively harder and darker. His mature adulthood was marked by hearing loss and rebellions accompanied by war in his native Spain. Due to historical and socio-political circumstances during the French Revolution, Goya’s perspective on life is drastically changed, which can be noticed in the dominance of notorious violent scenes, as well as the criticism of the power of the Church and priesthood. These scenes are collected in the set Los Caprichos, whereas in the set Los Desastres de la Guerra there are works that show the horrors of the war, and are at the same time, the reflection of Goya’s mental state. During his final years, Goya lived in the house known as the Quinta del Sordo, or in English “Villa of the Deaf”, where his notable the Black Paintings were created. It is the name given to a group of paintings in which black and brown colour prevail, along with distorted human figures shown in the space deprived of details, which symbolises fear and loneliness that Goya felt in his last years. Despite all the obstacles that life put in front of him, this great artist managed to overcome them, leaving indelible mark in the European art history.
- Published
- 2018
43. Izazovi većinske demokracije u Španjolskoj: usporedba Baskije i Katalonije
- Author
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Bosiljevac, Ivana and Dolenec, Danijela
- Subjects
konsenzusna demokracija ,konsocijacijska demokracija ,Catalonia ,majoritarian democracy ,consociational democracy ,većinska demokracija ,Katalonija ,Spain ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Political Science. Comparative Political Science ,Baskija ,consensus democracy ,Basque County ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Politologija. Komparativna politika ,Španjolska - Abstract
Španjolska demokracija nakon Francove smrti uspostavljena je na temelju konsenzusa, no u nju su uvršteni određeni većinski elementi kako bi se osigurala stabilnost političkog sustava. Cilj rada jest prikazati kako ti većinski elementi utječu na zahtjeve Katalonije i Baskije za nezavisnošću. Prikazom povijesnog konteksta s posebnim naglaskom na fazu demokratske tranzicije želi se dati uvid u pozadinu odnosa između španjolske središnje vlade i dviju spomenutih regija. Španjolska se ne može definirati ni kao većinska, ni kao konsenzusna, ni kao konsocijacijska demokracija jer ima elemente svakog navedenog tipa. Neusmjeravanje političkog sustava prema, primjerice, konsenzusnoj ili konsocijacijskoj demokraciji te nerazumijevanje između Madrida i baskijske i katalonske strane doveli su do statusa quo koji ne zadovoljava ni španjolsku središnju vladu, ali ni autonomne zajednice. Spanish democracy after the death of Franco was established on the basis of consensus, but some of the majority elements were included to ensure the stability of the political system. The aim of this paper is to show how these majority elements influence Catalan and Basque independence requirements. The reason for showing a historical context with special emphasis on the period of democratic transition is to give a background look on the relationship between the Spanish central government and Catalonia and the Basque County. Spain can not be defined as a majoritarian democracy, neither as a consensus, nor as a consociational democracy, because it has elements of each type. Not directing the political system, for example, to a consensus or consociational democracy, and the lack of understanding between Madrid and the Basque County and Catalonia have led to a status quo which is not satisfying neither for the Spanish central government, nor the autonomous communities.
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- 2018
44. Challenges of Majoritarian Democracy in Spain: Comparison of Basque Country and Catalonia
- Author
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Bosiljevac, Ivana and Dolenec, Danijela
- Subjects
konsenzusna demokracija ,konsocijacijska demokracija ,Catalonia ,majoritarian democracy ,consociational democracy ,većinska demokracija ,Katalonija ,Spain ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Political Science. Comparative Political Science ,Baskija ,consensus democracy ,Basque County ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Politologija. Komparativna politika ,Španjolska - Abstract
Španjolska demokracija nakon Francove smrti uspostavljena je na temelju konsenzusa, no u nju su uvršteni određeni većinski elementi kako bi se osigurala stabilnost političkog sustava. Cilj rada jest prikazati kako ti većinski elementi utječu na zahtjeve Katalonije i Baskije za nezavisnošću. Prikazom povijesnog konteksta s posebnim naglaskom na fazu demokratske tranzicije želi se dati uvid u pozadinu odnosa između španjolske središnje vlade i dviju spomenutih regija. Španjolska se ne može definirati ni kao većinska, ni kao konsenzusna, ni kao konsocijacijska demokracija jer ima elemente svakog navedenog tipa. Neusmjeravanje političkog sustava prema, primjerice, konsenzusnoj ili konsocijacijskoj demokraciji te nerazumijevanje između Madrida i baskijske i katalonske strane doveli su do statusa quo koji ne zadovoljava ni španjolsku središnju vladu, ali ni autonomne zajednice., Spanish democracy after the death of Franco was established on the basis of consensus, but some of the majority elements were included to ensure the stability of the political system. The aim of this paper is to show how these majority elements influence Catalan and Basque independence requirements. The reason for showing a historical context with special emphasis on the period of democratic transition is to give a background look on the relationship between the Spanish central government and Catalonia and the Basque County. Spain can not be defined as a majoritarian democracy, neither as a consensus, nor as a consociational democracy, because it has elements of each type. Not directing the political system, for example, to a consensus or consociational democracy, and the lack of understanding between Madrid and the Basque County and Catalonia have led to a status quo which is not satisfying neither for the Spanish central government, nor the autonomous communities.
- Published
- 2018
45. Characteristics of oposing policies in Spanish Civil War
- Author
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Andabak Fernandez, Katarina and Josipović Batorek, Slađana
- Subjects
građanski rat ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Povijest. Hrvatska i svjetska moderna i suvremena povijest ,republikanci ,nacionalisti ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. History. Croatian and World Modern and Contemporary History ,Španjolska - Abstract
Španjolski građanski rat nije predstavljao sukob svjetskih razmjera, ali njegova vrijednost za svjetsku povijest krije se u tome da je bio kolijevka pokretanja mnogih političkih pitanja. Na početku rada opisano je razdoblje prije početka sukoba te su izdvojeni uzroci koji su vodili do eskalacije problema, od kojih se najviše ističe rad i djelovanje Druge Španjolske Republike. Poznato je da je ovaj sukob bio promatran od strane mnogih zemalja, ali nije sve ostalo samo na promatranju što je dovelo do internacionalizacije sukoba, koja je isto jedna od tema koju ovaj rad pojašnjava. Zanimljivo je da je uspio mobilizirati i uvući u sebe širok raspon političkih aktivista iz inozemstva s najraznolikijom lepezom ideoloških pogleda i političkih uvjerenja, ali i osobnih interesa. Rad se bavi upravo karakteristikama sukobljenih strana u ratu pa tako pobliže objašnjava ideološke odrednice nacionalizma, fašizma, socijalizma, komunizma i anarhizma. Nadalje, jedna od tema je i odnos Rimokatoličke Crkve s objema sukobljenim stranama pomoću kojega se detaljnije razabiru ideološke odrednice sudionika rata. U skladu s temom rada bilo je potrebno izdvojiti ključne sukobe i počinjene zločine kojih nije nedostajalo. Kako bi se rad zaokružio kao cjelina, ukratko su opisane posljedice sukoba i poslijeratno razdoblje u trajanju do 1975. godine, poznato kao Francova diktatura.
- Published
- 2018
46. Hrvatska/Španjolska. Kulturne i povijesne veze. Drugo, prošireno i nadopunjeno izdanje Croacia/Espana. Relaciones historicas y culturales. Segunda edicion actualizada y aumentada
- Author
-
Polić Bobić, Mirjana
- Subjects
Hrvatska ,Španjolska ,kulturne veze ,povijesne veze ,povijest ,kultura ,književnost ,Croacia ,Espana ,relaciones culturales ,relaciones historicas ,historia ,cultura ,literatura - Abstract
U monografiji se po zasebnim poglavljima obrađuju izvori za hrvatsko-španjolske veze od kasnog Srednjeg vijeka do 21. stoljeća. Cijeli tekst monografije izvorno je napisan na hrvatskom jeziku i on obasiže polovinu knjige. Polovicu od tog broja stranica predstavljaju znanstvene i stručne autoričine prikaze hrvatsko-španjolskih veza koji se temelje na njezinim vlastitim istraživanjima primarne i sekundarne građe i literature, te na njezinu kritičkom prikazu istraživanja drugih autora (Zdenka Baričević Reberski, Franjo Šanjek, August Kovačec, Vinko Foretić i dr.), dočim se u drugom dijelu knjige donosi autoričin izbor iz znanstvenih i književnih tekstova koji sami predstavljaju vezu dviju kultura u njezinu prijevodu na hrvatski jezik tamo gdje je to potrebno. Drugi dio knjige predstavlja prijevod cjelokupnog prvog dijela na španjolski jezik, pa je izdanje u potpunosti dvojezično.
- Published
- 2018
47. Turistička djelatnost : od ljubavi do fobije (i natrag?)
- Author
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Mladen Knežević
- Subjects
održivost ,turizam ,turizmofobija ,Španjolska ,Italija ,Hrvatska - Abstract
Uobičajilo se da se turizam prikazuje kao jedna od najbrže rastućih gospodarskih djelatnosti. Prikazuje se udio u BDP-u, zaposleni i, često, mogućnosti za zapošljavanje slabije obrazovane radne snage. I tako je to širom svijeta, uz manja i veća odstupanja. U nekim zemljama je razvoj turizma doveo do radikalne promjene načina života lokalnog stanovništva, koje ili mora napustiti ta područja, ili mora snositi neizdrživo visoke životne troškove. To je, posebno u nekim gradovima Italije i Španjolske dovelo do oštrog protivljenja ovakvom načinu razvoja turističke djelatnosti. Ovi prosvjedi su označeni kao „turizmofobija“, što konceptualno ne odgovara sadržaju tog pojma. „Turizmofobija“ bi, naime, sugerirala nerealan strah, dok je strah odnosno protivljenje stanovništva utemeljen na sasvim realim pokazateljima.
- Published
- 2018
48. Povijest Inka
- Author
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Peranović, Monica and Bertoša, Slaven
- Subjects
Portugal ,Spain ,Inca ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. History ,Francesco Pizarro ,South America ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Povijest ,Inke ,Južna Amerika ,Španjolska - Abstract
Razdoblje velikih geografskih otkrića započinje potkraj 15. stoljeća kada ujedno europski društveni i politički plan bilježi vrlo nestabilno vrijeme puno nemira i kriza. Epidemija Crne kuge opustošila je sela i prenapučila gradove, a gospodarska je kriza nametnula potraživanja za novim teritorijima. U tom duhu započinju geografske ekspedicije u kojima se europske zemlje međusobno nadmeću, od kojih najveće rivalstvo imaju Portugal i Španjolska. Najveće dostignuće tog razdoblja otkriće je Amerike čiji se teritorij ubrzo nakon počinje uzurpirati. Predkolumbovska Amerika na području Perua vođena je jednom od najvećih civilizacija čovječanstva, Inkama. Oni su na stečevinama prethodnih kultura izgradili carstvo sa strogom hijerarhijom na čijem je čelu bio Inka kao utjelovljenje boga Sunca - vrhovne religije carstva. Njihovo štovanje božanstava praćeno je brojnim svečanostima, ritualima i obredima koji su najčešće praćeni žrtvovanjima. Prema arheološkim istraživanjima vidljivo je da je bilo i ljudskih žrtava. Gospodarstvo je bilo zasnovano na poljoprivredi, posebno uzgoju krumpira i kukuruza. Arhitektura gradova sastojala se od stambenih objekata i religijskih centara, a gradnja se temeljila na građevinama od masivnih kamenih blokova. Pri dolasku na peruanski teritorij španjolski konkvistador Francisco Pizarro zatekao je veliko bogatstvo kojim je carstvo raspolagalo. Od španjolskog je kralja Karla V. dobio dopuštenje za vođenje ekspedicije te je zajedno sa svojom vojskom napao Inke i pokorio njihovo carstvo. U svega nekoliko godina izbrisao je nekadašnje moćno Carstvo Inka, a na njegovim temeljima uspostavio je novo Španjolsko Carstvo. The period of great geographic discoveries began at the end of the 15th century when Europe was in a very unstable time, the time of turmoil and crisis. The Black Plague epidemic ravaged the villages and overcrowded the towns so the economic crises demanded new territories. In such atmosphere the geographic expeditions began in which European countries used to fight each other for domination, with the biggest rivalry being the one between Portugal and Spain. The greatest achievement of that period was the discovery of America whose territory soon became the place of invasions. Pre-Columbian America in the Peruvian area was led by one of the greatest civilizations of the mankind – the Incas. They built an empire with a strict hierarchy based on their religion of the Sun. Their worship of the deity often included rituals and ceremonies accompanied by human sacrifices. The economy was based on agriculture, especially potato and maize crop. The city architecture consisted of residential buildings and religious centres and the construction was formed on buildings made of massive stone blocks. When a Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro arrived on the Peruvian territory he found a big wealth that the Incas possessed. He received the permission of the Spanish king Charles V to run the expedition and he invaded the Incas with his army and soon after that the Incan empire ceased to exist. On its ruins he founded the new Spanish Empire.
- Published
- 2017
49. From Protest to Political Parties: Online Deliberation in New Parties in Spain
- Author
-
Eduardo Santamarina Sáez and Rosa Borge Bravo
- Subjects
15-M ,Barcelona en Comú ,media_common.quotation_subject ,España ,Public administration ,deliberació en línia ,lcsh:Communication. Mass media ,Politics ,deliberative criteria ,criterios deliberativos ,Political science ,Reflexivity ,Podemos ,Online deliberation ,Quality (business) ,deliberación en línea ,Espanya ,media_common ,online deliberation ,Barcelona En Comú ,Spain ,Democràcia deliberativa ,business.industry ,15M ,Communication ,Deliberative democracy ,Public relations ,Deliberation ,lcsh:P87-96 ,Democracia deliberativa ,Austerity ,Content analysis ,criteris deliberatius ,online deliberacija ,deliberativni kriteriji ,Španjolska ,business ,Inclusion (education) - Abstract
The new parties that emerged following the 15-M movement and against the austerity measures in Spain want to build parties open to the participation and deliberation for all the citizenry. To what extent are these ideals being fulfilled? The aim of this article is to describe and assess some of the main online deliberative processes of the two most important parties, Podemos and Barcelona En Comú, following commonly accepted criteria in the literature for measuring online deliberation. Specifically, we have examined the two most-voted proposals from the online platform Plaza Podemos and the online development of the electoral programme of Barcelona En Comú. Thus, we have conducted a content analysis of 713 (Plaza Podemos) and 563 (Barcelona En Comú) posts. Both platforms meet the structural and technical criteria for fostering deliberation, but the external impact is high only in the case of Barcelona En Comú. The deliberative quality of the communication is good but not the criteria of reflexivity, inclusion and plurality., Nove stranke, koje su se pojavile nakon pokreta 15-M te kao odgovor na mjere štednje u Španjolskoj, žele se razvijati kao stranke otvorene za sudjelovanje i deliberaciju svih građana. U kojoj se mjeri ostvaruju ti ideali? Cilj je ovog članka opisati i vrednovati procese online deliberacije dviju najvažnijih stranaka u Španjolskoj, Podemos i Barcelona En Comú, na temelju uobičajenih kriterija u literaturi kojima se mjeri online deliberacija. Konkretno, analizirali smo dva prijedloga o kojima se najviše glasovalo na online platformi Plaza Podemos te online razvoj izbornog programa stranke Barcelona En Comú. Provedena je analiza sadržaja 713 objava s online platforme Plaza Podemos i 563 objave koje se tiču izbornog programa stranke Barcelona En Comú. Obje platforme posjeduju strukturne i tehničke kriterije za poticanje deliberacije, ali je vanjski utjecaj vidljiv samo u slučaju stranke Barcelona En Comú. Kvaliteta deliberativne komunikacije je dobra, ali kriteriji refleksivnosti, inkluzije i pluralnosti nisu zadovoljeni.
- Published
- 2016
50. Etymologies of Isidore of Seville
- Author
-
Antić, Sabina and Tamaro, Sandra
- Subjects
HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Romance Studies ,Isidoro di Siviglia ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Romanistika ,Spagna ,Izidor Seviljski ,Etimologija ,Etimologia ,Medioevo ,Spain ,Etimologies ,Middle Ages ,Isidor of Seville ,Srednji vijek ,Španjolska - Abstract
Isidoro di Siviglia è la persona più importante, nell’ambito etimologico tra la latinità classica ed il medioevo. Nasce nel VI secolo, e della sua vita non si sa quasi nulla, esistono pochi dati storici certi. Il vescovo aveva un ruolo importante nella vita politico-religiosa della Spagna, e dopo la morte del fratello Leandro di Siviglia diventa il successore alla sede episcopale di Siviglia. Analizzando la sua opera, ovvero le Etimologie, il suo capolavoro che ha lasciato una grande traccia nella cultura medievale, possiamo vedere come avvicina la Chiesa alla gente. L’opera di carattere enciclopedico divisa in venti libri unisce tutto il sapere di un tempo, e siccome per Isidoro la vita religiosa era tutto, unifica la fede con le etimologie spiegandole utilizzando la Bibbia. Questo era il suo modo di avvicinare la gente al cristianesimo, e rafforzare il collegamento con Dio. Con Isidoro di Siviglia non avviene soltanto la rinascita culturale della Spagna visigotica tra VI e VII secolo, ma cambia la visione del mondo, e dall’antichità si va verso il medioevo. Isidor of Seville is the most important person in the area of etymology between the Antique Period and the Middle Ages. He was born in the 6th century, but almost nothing is known about his life; only a few historical data are available. The Bishop had an important role in the Spanish political and religious life, and after the death of his brother Leander of Seville he succeeded the bishop's throne in Seville. By analysing his master-piece, Etymologies, which was very influential for the cultural life in the Middle Ages, it can be seen how he drove the church closer to the people. This work is of an encyclopaedic character. It is divided into twenty books, including all the knowledge of the time, and since religion represented everything to Isidore, it unites religion with etymologies using the Bible as its base. In such a way he wanted to bring Christianity closer to people and strengthen their connection to God. Isidore of Seville did not only lead to the Spanish cultural revival at the time of the Visigoths’ rule, between the 6th and the 7th centuries, but also to a change in the view of the world indicating the transition from the Antique Period to the Middle Ages. Izidor Seviljski je bio najvažnija osoba u području etimologije između Antike i Srednjega vijeka. Rođen je u VI. stoljeću i o njegovom životu se nezna gotovo ništa. Dostupan nam je tek poneki povijesnih podatak. Biskup je imao važnu ulogu u političkom i vjerskom životu Španjolske, a nakon smrti svoga brata Leandera Seviljskog nasljeđuje biskupsku stolicu u Sevilji. Analizirajući njegovo remek-djelo, Etimologije, koje je ostavilo veliki trag u kulturnom životu Srednjega vijeka vidimo na koji način približava crkvu ljudima. Djelo enciklopedijskog karaktera podijeljeno u dvadeset knjiga ujedinjuje svo znanje tadašnjeg vremena, i budući da je za Izidora vjera predstavljala sve, ujedinjuje vjeru sa etimologijama koristeći Bibliju kao bazu. Na taj je način htio približiti kršćanstvo ljudima te ojačati njihovu vezu sa Bogom. Sa Izidorom Seviljskim ne dešava se samo kulturni preporod Španjolske za vrijeme vladavine Vizigota između VI. i VII. Stoljeća. Mijenja se pogled na svijet, i iz antičkog doba kreće se prema Srednjem vijeku.
- Published
- 2016
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