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Defolijacija je jedan od zahvata zelene rezidbe tijekom kojeg se vrši prorjeđivanje ili potpuno uklanjanje lisne mase u zoni grožđa. Ako se djelomična defolijacija provodi u fenofazi cvatnje vinove loze smatra se ranom dok se defolijacija u fenofazi šare smatra kasnom defolijacijom. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi utjecaj djelomične defolijacije provedene u različitim fenofazama (jedna varijanta predstavlja bazalnu defolijaciju u fenofazi zametanja boba, druga bazalnu početkom šare, a treća defolijaciju iznad zone grozda, također početkom šare) na kemijski sastav grožđa sorte Graševina u podregiji Slavonija., Defoliation is one of the green pruning interventions in which thinning or complete removal of leaves in the grape zone is performed. If partial defoliation is carried out in the grapevine during the flowering phase, it is considered an early defoliation, while defoliation in the pattern phase is considered to be a late defoliation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of partial defoliation performed in three different variants (one variant represents basal defoliation in grape berries flowering phenophase, the second variant basal defoliation at the beginning of the verison, and the third variant represents defoliation above the cluster zone, also at the beginning of the verison) on the chemical composition of Graševina variety in Slavonia.

Research background. Coastal region of Croatia is rich in autochthonous grape varieties. Many of them have been almost abandoned, such as the autochthonous varieties of Kastav (Croatia), used for the production of the Kastavska Belica wine. Therefore, the rationale of the presented study is to characterize autochthonous grape varieties Verdić, Mejsko belo, Jarbola, Divjaka and Brajkovac. In addition, we performed a molecular characterization of the corresponding Belica wines. Experimental approach. Firstly, the genetic origin and ampelographic and economic characteristics of five autochthonous grape varieties were determined. Standard physicochemical profiles and phenolic components of 12 wines from different producers were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ-MS). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for determination of standard physicochemical parameters. Results and conclusions. Ampelographic analysis, which includes the data on producing characteristics and cluster and berry composition of the varieties, revealed significant differences between the analysed grape varieties. Results of the physicochemical analysis of the Belica wine showed that all wines met the requirements needed for the production of quality and top quality wines labelled with protected designation of origin (PDO) in Croatian coastal region. The LC-QQQ-MS analysis confirmed the presence of different phenolic components in the Belica wines, where the most prominent phenols were flavonoids from the flavan-3-ol group. Overall, these results showed that autochthonous grapes from the Kastav region can be used for production of wines with added market value due to a growing demand for autochthonous products on the global market. Novelty and scientific contribution. The presented results give scientific insight and a basis for further determination of the optimal cultivation technology aimed to take advantage of the best characteristics of each variety for production of a wine with desirable features., Pozadina istraživanja. Primorsko područje Hrvatske bogato je autohtonim sortama vinove loze. Mnoge od njih su gotovo napuštene, poput autohtonih sorti s područja grada Kastva (Hrvatska), koje se koriste za proizvodnju vina kastavska Belica. Stoga je svrha prikazanog istraživanja bila okarakterizirati autohtone sorte vinove loze Verdić, Mejsko belo, Jarbola, Divjaka i Brajkovac. Osim karakteristika sorti, provedena je i molekularna karakterizacija vina kastavska Belica. Eksperimentalni pristup. Najprije su utvrđeni genetsko podrijetlo te ampelografske i gospodarske značajke pet autohtonih sorti grožđa. Standardni fizikalno-kemijski profili i fenolni sastojci iz 12 uzoraka vina različitih proizvođača određeni su tekućinskom kromatografijom spregnutom s trostrukim kvadrupolnim masenim spektrometrom (LC-QQQ-MS). Infracrvena spektroskopija s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR) korištena je za određivanje standardnih fizikalno-kemijskih parametara. Rezultati i zaključci. Ampelografskom analizom podataka o strukturi grozda i bobice te proizvodnim karakteristikama, poput prinosa i broja grozdova, potvrđene su bitne razlike između analiziranih sorti grožđa. Rezultati fizikalno-kemijske analize vina kastavska Belica pokazuju da sva vina ispunjavaju uvjete potrebne za proizvodnju kvalitetnih i vrhunskih vina sa zaštićenom oznakom izvornosti (ZOI) u Hrvatskom primorju. LC-QQQ-MS analiza potvrdila je prisutnost različitih fenolnih sastojaka u vinima, gdje su najizraženiji fenolni spojevi bili flavonoidi iz skupine flavan-3-ol. Uzevši sve navedeno u obzir, rezultati pokazuju da se grožđe autohtonih sorti s područja Kastva može koristiti za proizvodnju vina vrhunske kvalitete. Time vino kastavska Belica dobiva dodatnu tržišnu vrijednost, zbog sve veće potražnje za autohtonim proizvodima. Novost i znanstveni doprinos. Prikazani rezultati daju znanstveni uvid i osnovu za daljnje određivanje optimalne tehnologije uzgoja s ciljem iskorištavanja najboljih značajki svake sorte za proizvodnju vina poželjnih svojstava.

This study investigates the phytoremediation of composite industrial effluent (CIE) released from multiple industries within the SIIDCUL cluster, Haridwar, India, using the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plant. Batch-mode phytoremediation experiments were conducted using three selected concentrations (0%: borewell water as control, 50%, and 100%) of CIE for 45 days. Results show that the N. nucifera plant significantly reduced loads of physicochemical and heavy metal pollutants of CIE. In particular, the maximal removal of total dissolved solids (TDS: 89.56%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD: 78.20%), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 79.41%), total Kjeldahl’s nitrogen (TKN: 86.48%), phosphorus (P: 76.37%), cadmium (Cd: 70.37%), copper (Cu: 85.82%), chromium (Cr: 68.61%), iron (Fe: 72.86%), lead (Pb: 76.92%), and zinc (Zn: 74.51%) pollutants was noted in the 50% CIE concentration treatment. Heavy metal bioaccumulation and translocation factor values (>1) for root and leaf parts show that the N. nucifera plant was a hyperaccumulator. However, the contents of heavy metals were higher in the root than the leaf part of the N. nucifera plant. Moreover, the selected plant growth attributes such as fresh plant biomass (760.70 ± 8.77 g/plant; without flowers), chlorophyll content (4.30 ± 0.22 mg/g fwt.), plant height (154.05 ± 4.55 cm), root length (70.35 ± 2.42 cm), leaf spread (41.58 ± 0.26 cm), number of leaves (10.00 ± 1.00 per plant), and number of flowers (16.00 ± 2.00) were also maximal in the 50% CIE concentration. This study provides a sustainable approach towards the effective biotreatment of noxious mixed effluent using plant-based green technology.

The research of sanitary status and virus presence was conducted on three native Croatian grapevine varieties (Kujudžuša bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska and Trnjak crni) that are grown in Dalmatia region. The investigation was done on 492 vines from 31 vineyards. Vines were tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) on four main economic viruses: arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 and 3 (GLRaV–1, GLRaV-3) as a first step in clonal selection of these rare native grapevine varieties. Altogether, 40 vines were free of all tested viruses. The research confirms high rate of virus infection and eroded sanitary status of all investigated varieties. The above indicates necessity of implementation clonal and sanitary selection programme., Istraživanje sanitarnog statusa provedeno je na tri autohtone hrvatske sorte vinove loze (Kujudžuša bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska i Trnjak crni) koje se uzgajaju u Dalmaciji. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno ukupno 492 trsa iz 31 vinograda. Uzorci su podvrgnuti serološkom testu ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) za analizu na prisustvo četiri gospodarski najvažnija virusa: virus mozaika lista vinove loze (ArMV), virus lepezastog lista vinove loze (GFLV), virus uvijenosti lista tip 1 i tip 3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3). Od ukupnog broja prikupljenih uzoraka, njih 40 je bilo potpuno slobodno od prisutnosti istraživanih virusa. Ovo istraživanje potvrđuje visok udio virusom zaraženih trsova te loš sanitarni status istraživanih sorata. Sve navedeno ukazuje na nužnost provedbe klonske i sanitarne selekcije.

Leaf removal in the cluster zone is one of the commonly applied viticultural practices used to increase light penetration and to decrease humidity in dense foliage. A two- year study (2018/2019) was carried out on the Merlot variety grown in the vineyard on the Croatian hillside with continental climatic conditions, to study the effects of basal leaf removal on canopy microclimate, grape chemical composition and vine production. Leaf and lateral shoot removal was performed at berry set. Meteorological data were recorded together with microclimatic measurements: air temperature, UV radiation and relative humidity in the fruiting zone. Leaf removal altered microclimate by increasing the UV radiation within the cluster zone. Sugar concentration, bud fruitfulness and yield performance was not affect by the treatment, while leaf removal significantly reduced the concentration of titratable acidity in berry samples and increased the concentration of phenols, anthocyanins, flavonols and flavan-3-ols in berry skin. Leaf removal had a higher influence on the grape anthocyanin and flavonol composition in a season with the cooler berry ripening conditions. These results revealed important difference in leaf removal efficiency on phenolic composition of the grapes in different seasonal climatic conditions during ripening.

Grapes are rich in primary and secondary metabolites. Among the secondary metabolites, polyphenolic compounds are the most abundant in grape berries. Besides their important impacts on grape and wine quality, this class of compounds has beneficial effects on human health. Due to their antioxidant activity, polyphenols and phenolic acids can act as anti-inflammatory and anticancerogenic agents, and can modulate the immune system. In grape berries, polyphenols and phenolic acids can be located in the pericarp and seeds, but distribution differs considerably among these tissues. Although some classes of polyphenols and phenolic acids are under strict genetic control, the final content is highly influenced by environmental factors, such as climate, soil, vineyard, and management. This review aims to present the main classes of polyphenolic compounds and phenolic acids in different berry tissues and grape varieties and special emphasis on their beneficial effect on human health.

Fenolni spojevi predstavljaju sekundarne biljne metabolite koji imaju vrlo važnu fiziološku i morfološku ulogu u rastu i reprodukciji biljke pružajući joj i zaštitu protiv patogena i predatora. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je dobiti pregled promjena u sastavu i sadržaju fenolnih spojeva odnosno flavonola, flavanola, hidroksicimetnih i hidroksibenzojevih kiselina prisutnih u listovima četiri različite crne sorte vinove loze. Ekstrakti su analizirani tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti. Dobivenim rezultatima utvrđena je značajna varijabilnost u masenim udjelima fenolnih spojeva između sorata po pojedinim terminima uzorkovanja, kao i značajna varijabilnost u sadržaju fenolnih spojeva unutar iste sorte tijekom različitih termina uzorkovanja., Phenolic compounds represent secondary plant metabolites which play an important physiological and morphological role in plant growth and reproduction. They also provide a protection against pathogens and predators. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of changes in the composition and phenolic compounds content, more precisely flavonols, flavanols, hydroxycimetic and hydroxybenzoic acids present in the leaves of four different grapevine varieties. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the obtained results, significant variability in mass shares of phenolic compounds between varieties was determined by individual sampling terms, as well as significant variability in the content of phenolic compounds within the same variety during different sampling terms.

The grape is one of the most important horticulture crops in the world and a reliable source of polyphenolic compounds. Nowadays, there are many papers concerning the analysis and especially the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from various parts of the grape berry. Numerous extraction techniques are applied for the recovery of polyphenolic compounds from grape berries including solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, etc. For all of these techniques, there are numerous published methods, but there is no standardized one. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to unify the known data concerning the extraction methods for the recovery of polyphenols from grapes.

Considering the potential of applying grape skin extract (GSE) as functional ingredients in products that must be thermally processed, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of individual polyphenols in grape skin extracts submitted to heating at different temperatures. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted by applying 20% aqueous ethanol containing 1% acetic acid for 1 h at 50 °C on a magnetic stirrer. The obtained extract was divided into aliquots and submitted to heating at different temperatures for a various time. The content of individual phenolic compounds in all incubated extract was determined by the HPLC method. All studied compounds were very stable during heating at 40 °C. Among analyzed anthocyanins, diglucosides were more stable than corresponding monoglucosides. Gallocatechin and procyanidins B1 and B2 contents were decreased, while catechin and epicatechin contents were increased during thermal treatments. At both incubation temperature contents of caftaric and coutaric acid were decreased, while in the same time contents of caffeic and coumaric acids were raised which could be due to hydrolysis. A significant increase of gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, and syringic acid contents was due to thermal degradation of delphinidin-3-O- glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3- O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside, respectively. trans-Piceid showed high stability toward thermal treatments.

Phenolic compound profiles were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector in three vintages to assess genotypic variation in berry skins of six resistant grapevine varieties: “Cabernet Cortis, ” “Chancellor, ” “Léon Millot, ” “Maréchal Foch, ” “Monarch, ” and “Regent.” The research has revealed a significant difference among the varieties in the total phenolic content, anthocyanins, flavanols, and flavan-3- ols. A clear differentiation of all varieties by means of the polyphenol profile using discriminant analyses has been achieved. “Regent” reached the significantly highest total polyphenol content, as well as total anthocyanin and total flavonol content. The polyphenol profile of “Chancellor” was quite different from all of the other studied varieties. Although being closely related, “Maréchal Foch” and “Léon Millot” showed qualitatively and quantitatively quite different polyphenol contents. No clear connection between the genetic origin of the varieties and their polyphenol profiles has been found.

Stony karst landscape in the Adriatic coastal area has been cultivated for centuries to grow Mediterranean crops. Shallow and less fertile soils were mostly used for rain-fed grapevine and olive production. Native grapevine cultivars are, in general, well adapted to the warm and droughty climate, but a rapid drift in weather patterns characterized mostly by long-lasting high temperature events during the growing season urges the producers to apply irrigation. This research, studying the effects of different irrigation levels on Babic grapevine performance, was carried out in two growing seasons (2015 and 2016) with contrasting weather conditions in a vineyard established on a parcel of land derived from the stony surface of a limestone plateau on the very edge of the Eastern Adriatic coast. The study evaluated the effects of different irrigation regimes based on the quantification of grapevine water use (50, 75, and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration) by measuring the total leaf area, leaf gas exchange performance, and grape yield and quality. The irrigation treatments increased the total leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, average transpiration rate, and average mesophyll CO2 concentration. The yield components and grape quality were also affected by the irrigation treatments. Positive effects of irrigation in both the experimental seasons were associated with increased yield and total soluble solids (TSS), as well as synchronized TSS and phenolic ripening. Furthermore, water stress positively affected the concentrations of anthocyanins and other polyphenols in both years of the study. In 2015, extremely high temperatures reduced the grape yield, juice yield, and anthocyanin content in grapes in non-irrigated vines as well as in all irrigation treatments. Irrigation was efficient in reducing these negative effects, except in the case of the anthocyanin content.

The aim of this study was to determine concentrations of individual o rganic acids, polyphenolic and aromatic compounds in blackberry wine, and to define the influence of different yeast strains (Uvaferm BDX and Lalvin 71B) and pectolytic enzymes (L allzyme OE and Lallzyme EX-V) on the chemical composition and quality of the wine. Blackberry wines were produced in five variants, depending on yeasts and enzymes used: BDX OE, BDX EX-V, 71B OE, 71B EX-V, and Control without the addition of selected yeasts and enzymes. All blackberry wine variants were defined by a relatively high sum of organic acids. The citric acid was the predominant one, which concentrations ranged from 5.42 to 7.31 g/L. The concentration of gallic acid ranged from 19 to 37 mg/L and was in dependence of the yeast strain used. The concentration of procyanidin B2 which was the predominant flavan-3-ol compound, ranged from 103 to 117 mg/L, and there were no significant differences between individual wine variants in the experiment. Rutin is the predominant compound in the flavonol group, followed by quercetin-3-O-glucoside. The predominant one among the anthocyanins was cyanidin-3-O-glucoside whose concentrations ranged from 134 to 229 mg/L. According to the obtained results, the yeast strain and pectolytic enzymes had a significant impact on the concentration of individual anthocyanins in the analyzed wines. The predominant group of aromatic compounds was monoterpenes, among which linalool was the most prominent in all of blackberry wine variants, except in Control.

In spite of being a small country, Croatia presents an important source of grapevine biodiversity which can be interesting for wine industry and breeding. In last two decades our research activities are focused on preservation, genotyping and evaluation of production characteristics of native varieties. To define full potential of native varieties there is a need to define the level of their susceptibility to fungal diseases. The aim of this research was to define the level of susceptibility/resistance of Croatian grapevine varieties to downey mildew (Plasmopara viticola) using modified field screening method. Altogether 57 genotypes/varieties were included in the research: 52 Croatian native varieties, two susceptible international V. vinifera L. cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling), 2 resistant cultivars (Solaris, Regent) and 2 Vitis species (Vitis ripara, Vitis amurensis). Own-rooted cuttings were planted in drip irrigated pots in field conditions close to the production vineyard at experimental station “Jazbina”, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb. After initial growing of shoots to the certain stage the monitoring of disease symptoms was carried out according to OIV descriptor 452 (degree of resistance on leaves). Results showed small difference among native varieties and majority of them have very low and low level of resistance to downy mildew, as expected.

Grk bijeli sorta je vinove loze usko vezana za mjesto Lumbarda na otoku Korčuli. Jedna je od rijetkih sorata koja posjeduje funkcionalno ženski tip cvijeta. Zbog nepravilnosti u građi cvijeta te često sterilnog polena dolazi do lošije oplodnje. U grozdu se formiraju velike, sjemene bobe te male besjemene bobe – „pasoline”. Uslijed lošije oplodnje dolazi do većeg udjela pasolina u grozdu te nižeg priroda. Pretpostavlja se kako oplođene i neoplođene bobe imaju različita kemijska svojstva te se samim time izravno povezuje razina oplodnje i kvaliteta vina Grk. U ovom istraživanju utvrđen je kemijski sastav sjemenih boba i pasolina. Od polifenolnih spojeva pasoline su sadržavale značajno više koncentracije gotovo svih flavonoidnih spojeva, kumarinske kiseline, ferulinske kiseline te resveratrola. S druge strane, sjemene bobe bile su bogatije kaftarinskom, fertarinskom te kafeinskom kiselinom. Značajnih razlika u osnovnim pokazateljima kakvoće mošta nije bilo., Grk bijeli is grapevine variety closely related to the place Lumbarda on the island of Korčula. It is one of the rare grape varieties with functionally female type of flower. Fertilization is often poor due to irregularities in the flower structure and sterile pollen. Two types of berries are developed in the cluster, large, seeded berries and small, seedless berries – 'pasoline'. Due to the poor fertilization, a greater share of the cluster is seedless berries, which consequently leads to lower yields. It is believed that these two types of berries have different chemical properties which directly connects fertilization rate with the Grk wine quality. This research determined the chemical content of seeded and seedless berries. Seedless berries had higher concentrations of almost all flavonoid compounds, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and resveratrol. On the other hand, seeded berries had a higher caftaric, fertaric and caffeic acid content. Also, there were not significant differences in basic quality indicators.

The aim of this work was to classifie vine growing regions of Croatia using bioclimatic indices. For the analysis of climatic conditions, linear trends of bioclimatic indices were determined using meteorological observations for all avaliable climatological stations located in vine growing regions of Croatia. Analysis were performed for two different climatological periods: 1961-1990 and 1988-2017. Four commonly used bioclimatic indices were determined: the Winkler index, the Huglin index, Cool night index and Growing season average temperature.

S ciljem introdukcije i davanja preporuke za uvrštavanje na Nacionalnu listu priznatih kultivara vinove loze nekih od sorata s otpornošću na gljivične bolesti, na pokušalištu Agronomskog fakulteta „Jazbina“ u Zagrebu, podignut je pokusni nasad sorata Bačka, Bianca, Merzling, Orion, Panonija, Phoenix, Sirius, Staufer i Regent. Istraživanja su provedena u periodu od 2007. do 2012. godine s osobitim naglaskom na gospodarske i tehnološke karakteristike koje sorte očituju na području Zagrebačkog vinogorja. Uvometrijskim mjerenjima i mehaničkom analizom grozda i bobice utvrđeno je da su sve sorte s obzirom na randman tipično vinske, s visokim udjelom mesa u odnosu na čvrsti ostatak. Grozdovi su im mali do srednje veliki. Utvrđeni koeficijenti rodnosti pokazuju visok rodni potencijal istraživanih sorata, a kemijski sastav mošta ukazuje na njihov visok kvalitativni potencijal. Fizikalno-kemijska analiza vina i rezultati senzornih ocjenjivanja pokazuju kako su vina svih sorata bogata alkoholom, što je uz primjerenu kiselost i visoke količine ukupnog ekstrakta rezultiralo dobrim ocjenama na senzornom ocjenjivanju. Kvalitetom su se osobito istaknule sorte Bianca i Regent s prosječnom ocjenom višom od 80 bodova, no i od ostalih sorata su u većini godina proizvedena vina koja su ocjenjivači svrstali u kategoriji kvalitetnih.

Utjecaj srednje i jako paljenih bačava (225 L) od slavonske hrstovine na kakvoću crnih vina praćen je tijekom 9 mjeseci dozrijevanja. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u kemijskom sastavu i senzornim svojstvima vina ´Cabernet Sauvignon´, ´Merlot´ i ´Petit Verdot´. Promjene u kemijskom sastavu vina praćene su metodom plinska kromatografija-masena spektrometrija (GC-MS) temeljem uzorkovanja vina svakih 3 mjeseca. Utvrđen je različiti intenzitet ekstrakcije polifenolnih spojeva, ovisno o jačini paljenja bačava koji je najviše utjecao na koncentracije eugenola, gvajakola, vanilina te cis i trans-hrastovog laktona. Na koncentracije ostalih laktona (γ-heksalakton, γ-nonalakton, γ-dekalakton) veći utjecaj je imala sorta u odnosu na jačinu paljena i vrijeme dozrijevanja. Ekstrakcija hlapivih spojeva iz drva bila je različita među ispitivanim vinima pri čemu je u vinu ´Cabernet Sauvignon´ bila najintenzivnija. Razlike su utvrđene i u koncentracijama hlapivih fenola. Tako su vina ´Petit Verdot´ imala najnižu koncentraciju etil-fenola i etilgvajakola dok je veća koncentracija zabilježena u vinima ´Cabernet Sauvignon´ neovisno o jačini paljenja. Prema rezultatima senzornog ocjenjivanja bolja su vina dozrijevana u srednje paljenim bačvama u odnosu na ona iz jako paljenih, pri čemu je ukupno najbolje ocijenjeno vino sorte ´Merlot´., The wood-related volatile profile of red wines aged in medium and hard toasted Croatian oak barrels was studied by GC–MS method. The objective of this study was to describe the differences in chemical composition and sensory properties of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon,' 'Merlot' and 'Petit Verdot' wines during the nine months aging period. Different rates of extraction have been observed, depending on the toasting method used. The toasting level influenced more considerably eugenol, guaiacol, vanillin and cis and trans-oak lactone concentrations. Among other lactones analysed (γ-hexalactone, γ-nonalactone, γ-decalactone), grape variety had more pronounced influence than toasting level and aging period. The accumulation of oak compounds was different, depending on the wine aged in the barrels with the extraction rate being more favoured in the Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Marked difference was noted in the ethyl phenols concentrations among tested wines. 'Petiti Verdot' contained the lowest levels of both phenols (ethyl phenol and guaiacol) while higher concentrations were noted in Cabernet Sauvignon wines regardless of the toasting level. Sensory evaluation pointed out better overall quality of wines aged in medium toasted barrels while among varieties, best results were achieved in Merlot wines.

Unazad nekoliko godina na području grada Kastva nekolicina proizvođača grožđa i vina u suradnji sa znanstvenim institucijama i uz potporu lokalnih jedinica uprave i samouprave nastoji obnoviti vinogradarsku proizvodnju temeljenu na autohtonom sortimentu. Prvi korak već je napravljen identifikacijom nekoliko autohtonih sortata. Sorte Jarbola, Verdić, Mejsko belo, Divjaka i Brajkovac su nakon identifikacije razmnožene i posađene u zasad manjim nasadima lokalnih vinogradara. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi osnovne gospodarske i ampelografske karakteristike navedenih sorata u proizvodnom nasadu lokalnih proizvođača. Analizom podataka utvrđen je broj grozdova po trsu, prinos po trsu, mehanički sastav grozda i kemijski sastav mošta. Na taj način utvrđene su osnovne razlike između sorata kao i gospodarski potencijal svake sorte. Sorta Verdić ima dimenzijama i masom najveći grozd, dok sorta Brajkovac dimenzijama i masom ima najmanji grozd. Sorta Jarbola ima najveću masu bobice i najveći udio mesa u masi grozda te izrazito veliki broj grozdova po trsu. Sorta Divjaka se odlikuje visokom rodnošću te najmanjom masom bobica. Sorte Mejsko belo i Brajkovac pokazale su se, zbog visokog sadržaja šećera, kao sorte s najboljim kvalitativnim potencijalom u promatranoj godini istraživanja., Several years ago in the city area of Kastav several grape and wine producers in cooperation with scientific institutions and local-government tried to restore the grape production based on autochthonous grapevine varieties. The first step has already been done by identifying several indigenous varieties. After the identification, Verdić, Mejsko belo, Divjaka, Jarbola and Brajkovac variety were propagated and planted in new vineyards of local producers. The aim of this study was to determine the basic yeald and ampelographic characteristics of mentioned varieties in vineyards of local grepe and wine producers in Kastav. Analysis of the data is determined by the number of bunches per vine, yield per vine, the chemical composition of must and mechanical composition of the cluster and berry. This research set out the basic differences between varieties and economic potential of each variety. Variety Verdić have the largest and variety Brajkovac the smallest dimensions and mass of the cluster. Variety Jarbola have the largest berry mass and the highest proportion of meat in the cluster mass. Also it has a very large number of clusters per vine. The Divjaka variety is distinguished by its high yield-set potential and the smallest mass of berry. The varieties of Mejsko Belo and Brajkovac have higher sugar content and proved to be potentially best-quality varieties in this year of research.

Unazad nekoliko godina na području grada Kastva nekolicina proizvođača grožđa i vina u suradnji sa znanstvenim institucijama i uz potporu lokalnih jedinica uprave i samouprave nastoji obnoviti vinogradarsku proizvodnju temeljenu na autohtonom sortimentu. Prvi korak već je napravljen identifikacijom nekoliko autohtonih sortata. Sorte Jarbola, Verdić, Mejsko belo, Divjaka i Brajkovac su nakon identifikacije razmnožene i posađene u zasad manjim nasadima lokalnih vinogradara. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi osnovne gospodarske i ampelografske karakteristike navedenih sorata u proizvodnom nasadu lokalnih proizvođača. Analizom podataka utvrđen je broj grozdova po trsu, prinos po trsu, mehanički sastav grozda i kemijski sastav mošta. Na taj način utvrđene su osnovne razlike između sorata kao i gospodarski potencijal svake sorte. Sorta Verdić ima dimenzijama i masom najveći grozd, dok sorta Brajkovac dimenzijama i masom ima najmanji grozd. Sorta Jarbola ima najveću masu bobice i najveći udio mesa u masi grozda te izrazito veliki broj grozdova po trsu. Sorta Divjaka se odlikuje visokom rodnošću te najmanjom masom bobica. Sorte Mejsko belo i Brajkovac pokazale su se, zbog visokog sadržaja šećera, kao sorte s najboljim kvalitativnim potencijalom u promatranoj godini istraživanja.

Utjecaj srednje i jako paljenih bačava (225 L) od slavonske hrstovine na kakvoću crnih vina praćen je tijekom 9 mjeseci dozrijevanja. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u kemijskom sastavu i senzornim svojstvima vina ´Cabernet Sauvignon´, ´Merlot´ i ´Petit Verdot´. Promjene u kemijskom sastavu vina praćene su metodom plinska kromatografija-masena spektrometrija (GC-MS) temeljem uzorkovanja vina svakih 3 mjeseca. Utvrđen je različiti intenzitet ekstrakcije polifenolnih spojeva, ovisno o jačini paljenja bačava koji je najviše utjecao na koncentracije eugenola, gvajakola, vanilina te cis i trans-hrastovog laktona. Na koncentracije ostalih laktona (γ-heksalakton, γ-nonalakton, γ-dekalakton) veći utjecaj je imala sorta u odnosu na jačinu paljena i vrijeme dozrijevanja. Ekstrakcija hlapivih spojeva iz drva bila je različita među ispitivanim vinima pri čemu je u vinu ´Cabernet Sauvignon´ bila najintenzivnija. Razlike su utvrđene i u koncentracijama hlapivih fenola. Tako su vina ´Petit Verdot´ imala najnižu koncentraciju etil-fenola i etilgvajakola dok je veća koncentracija zabilježena u vinima ´Cabernet Sauvignon´ neovisno o jačini paljenja. Prema rezultatima senzornog ocjenjivanja bolja su vina dozrijevana u srednje paljenim bačvama u odnosu na ona iz jako paljenih, pri čemu je ukupno najbolje ocijenjeno vino sorte ´Merlot´.

We evaluated the response of eight economically important Croatian grapevine cultivars and studied the impact of their sanitary status on in vitro introduction, by comparing the response of healthy and virus-infected genotypes of one cultivar. Nodal explant survival on three media, M1 (half-strength MS), M2 (full-strength MS) or M3 (full-strength MS with 4.4 µM L−1 benzylaminopurine) was measured after 2 weeks and regrowth after 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, average shoot length and node number were significantly higher on M2 compared to M1 and M3. M3 induced significantly shorter average internode length, compared to M1 and M2. Survival of one healthy and of five cultivar Plavac mali genotypes infected with GFLV, GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3, GLRaV-3+GVA and GLRaV-1+GLRaV-3 was 97.5 and 82.8–87.5%, respectively. Regrowth of the healthy genotype reached 95.5%, but dropped to 5.5–31.4% in infected ones. The healthy genotype showed significantly higher shoot length (6.3 cm) and node number (7.3) compared to infected genotypes, with shoot length between 1.2–2.6 cm and node number between 1.2–3.0. By contrast, internode length was not significantly different between the healthy and the infected genotypes. The present work represents the first successful in vitro introduction for three of the eight native Croatian cultivars studied.

Uzgoj vinove loze na području Dalmacije ima tradiciju dužu od dva tisućljeća. Pregledom povijesnih zapisa o uzgoju istraživanih sorata na području Dalmacije većina sorata se po prvi put spominje u 19.st. Iznimku čini sorta Tribidrag o čijem uzgoju prvi spomen nalazimo u 16.st. Većina istraživanih sorata se u značajnoj mjeri uzgajala i u predfiloksernom razdoblju te su i danas gospodarski iznimno značajne na području Dalmacije, ali i Republike Hrvatske u cjelini., Tradition of grape wine cultivation in Dalmatia lasts over two millenniums. Overviewing the historical accounts on the production of researched varieties in Dalmatia, most of the varieties are mentioned in the 19th century. Variety Tribidrag is an exception as accounts on its cultivation date to 16th century. Most of the researched varieties have been significantly cultivated during the pre-phylloxera period and are still exceptionally economically important in Dalmatia and Republic of Croatia as a whole.

S ciljem introdukcije i davanja preporuke za uvrštavanje na Nacionalnu listu priznatih kultivara vinove loze nekih od sorata s otpornošću na gljivične bolesti, na pokušalištu Agronomskog fakulteta „Jazbina“ u Zagrebu, podignut je pokusni nasad sorata Bačka, Bianca, Merzling, Orion, Panonija, Phoenix, Sirius, Staufer i Regent. Istraživanja su provedena u periodu od 2007. do 2012. godine s osobitim naglaskom na gospodarske i tehnološke karakteristike koje sorte očituju na području Zagrebačkog vinogorja. Uvometrijskim mjerenjima i mehaničkom analizom grozda i bobice utvrđeno je da su sve sorte s obzirom na randman tipično vinske, s visokim udjelom mesa u odnosu na čvrsti ostatak. Grozdovi su im mali do srednje veliki. Utvrđeni koeficijenti rodnosti pokazuju visok rodni potencijal istraživanih sorata, a kemijski sastav mošta ukazuje na njihov visok kvalitativni potencijal. Fizikalno-kemijska analiza vina i rezultati senzornih ocjenjivanja pokazuju kako su vina svih sorata bogata alkoholom, što je uz primjerenu kiselost i visoke količine ukupnog ekstrakta rezultiralo dobrim ocjenama na senzornom ocjenjivanju. Kvalitetom su se osobito istaknule sorte Bianca i Regent s prosječnom ocjenom višom od 80 bodova, no i od ostalih sorata su u većini godina proizvedena vina koja su ocjenjivači svrstali u kategoriji kvalitetnih., In order to introduce several resistant grape varieties in the National Variety List of the Republic of Croatia, trial field of varieties Bačka, Bianca, Merzling, Orion, Panonija, Phoenix, Sirius, Staufer and Regent was planted on the experiment station Jazbina of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb. The research was conducted in the period 2007–2012, and special emphasis was put on the expression of the production characteristics of these varieties in the Zagreb winegrowing area. Uvometric measurements and the mechanical analysis of bunch and berries were conducted, showing good flesh/solid residue ratio and small to medium bunches, both being typical for wine varieties. The analysis of must determined high qualitative potential, and bud fertility coefficients showed high productive potential. Wine analysis showed a high amount of alcohol with favourable acid content and high total extract; this resulted in high grades at tastings, conducted during several years of experiments. Bianca and Regent stand out from the rest of the sorts by their wine quality, gaining an average grade of 80 points on wine testing. Nevertheless, wines of the remaining sorts were in the most productive years also classified as quality wines.

Sorta Moslavac, tj. Pušipel kao sinonim za ovu sortu, na području Međimurskog vinogorja smatra se jednom od najvažnijih sorata u razvoju vinogradarstva i vinarstva tog područja. Da bi se unaprijedila proizvodnja vina te sorte, pokrenut je 2010. godine postupak klonske selekcije kako bi se osigurao zdrav i kvalitetan sadni materijal te individualnom klonskom selekcijom izdvojili divergentni klonovi sorte. Ovo se istraživanje provodilo na matičnim trsovima sorte Moslavac koji su izdvojeni 2010. godine u postupku pozitivne masovne klonske selekcije te kod kojih nije utvrđeno prisustvo gospodarski štetnih virusa. U 2011. godini izdvojena su 32 bezvirusna matična trsa klonskih kandidata Moslavca kod kojih je provedena standardna ampelografska evaluacija koja obuhvaća opis putem OIV deskriptora te utvrđivanje najvažnijih gospodarskih karakteristika: prinosa, elemenata rodnosti, sadržaja šećera i kiselina u moštu, pH vrijednosti mošta, mehaničkog sastava grozda i bobice te uvometrijska istraživanja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da među promatranim matičnim trsovima te sorte postoje značajne razlike u svim istraživanim svojstvima, a dobiveni rezultati usporedit će se u nastavku klonske selekcije s rezultatima koje će postići vegetativno potomstvo tih trsova u ujednačenim uvjetima pokusnog nasada., Moslavac variety, i.e. Pušipel as a synonym for this variety in the area of Međimurje vineyards is considered to be one of the most important varieties in the development of viticulture and enology of this area. With the goal of improving the production of wine of this variety, in 2010 clonal selection procedure was started in order to ensure a healthy planting material of high quality and to single out divergent clones of this variety through individual clonal selection in further procedure. This research was conducted on mother vines of Moslavac variety which were singled out in 2010 in the procedure of positive mass clonal selection and where wasn’t determined the presence of economically harmful viruses. In 2011 there were singled out 32 virus-free mother vines of clone candidates of Moslavac variety where a standard ampelographic evaluation was conducted and it included: a description by OIV descriptors, then determining the most important economical characteristics - yield, elements of yield, content of sugar and acids in must, pH values of must, mechanical composition of raceme and grapes and uvometric researches. The obtained results show that there are significant differences in all of the researched characteristics of the observed mother vines of this variety and the obtained results will be compared in the continuation of clonal selection with the results which will be achieved by vegetative progeny of these vines in equal conditions of experimental plantation.