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Copyright of Mining of Mineral Deposits is the property of Dnipro University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose is to identify factors favouring rock exfoliation in roof of underground mine workings while operating Akbakay deposit and determine optimum structure of adhesive reagents for the rock strengthening taking into consideration mineralogical composition of the formation. Methods. The research was carried out in a lab environment. Chemical and ultimate composition of the rock mass samples was determined through x-ray diffraction method; the x-ray phase identification approach helped define their mineralogical composition. The optimum composition of adhesive reagents has been determined based upon the ambient temperature and hardening time. Viscosity durability of the adhesive compounds was assessed using a technique of uniaxial crack of the immovable samples. Statistical data processing involved determination of the required number of the samples to achieve the preset accuracy degree. Findings. Exfoliation of the fragments of both fractured and unstable rocks from Akbakai deposit depends upon availability of such chemically and mechanically unstable salts as dolomite, albite, and mirror stone. Epoxide reagent in 9 to 1 ratio with polyethylenepolyamine catalyzer has been identified as the most effective adhesive compound. Epoxy adhesives have demonstrated higher cohesive resistance to compare with polyurethane analogues, and better compliance with requirements as for viscosity and hardening time. Originality. Use of epoxy to strengthen both fissured and unstable rocks of Akbakai deposit containing mineral salts, helps increase tensile properties up to three times. Moreover, epoxies also demonstrate high adhesive characteristics; and they are resistant to moisture and temperature attacks being typical for mine environment. New logarithmic dependencies have been identified describing rock mass stability while applying the modified polyurethane with polyethylenepolyamine catalyzer in 9 to 1 ratio. Practical implications. Various types of reagents have been considered for safe and effective strengthening of underground mine workings in the fractured rock masses having a tendency to caving. The proposed adhesive reagents resist efficiently the external share loads and stresses increasing structural stability and safety of rock masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Актуальность работы. Выявленные в последние годы на Северном Кавказе золотоносные руды черносланцевого типа характеризуются в большинстве случаев очень низкими содержаниями золота (менее 1,0 г/т). В связи с этим возникает актуальная задача оценки возможности вовлечения таких руд в разработку. Материал и методы. Материалом для настоящего исследования послужили результаты выполненных в 2007–2009 гг. ООО «Каббалкгеология» поисковых работ в пределах Малка-Муштинского рудного узла. Также использованы результаты геолого-экономического моделирования, полученные специалистами Центрального научно-исследовательского геологоразведочного института (ЦНИГРИ) для Учкуланского и Безенгийского золоторудных полей Северного Кавказа. При проведении исследования использованы стандартные методы геолого-экономической оценки месторождений и геолого-экономического моделирования. Результаты исследования. Разработана геолого-экономическая модель золотого оруденения черносланцевого типа на примере Малка-Муштинского рудного узла Кабардино-Балкарской республики. Основными элементами этой модели являются геолого-структурные условия локализации и геолого-промышленный тип оруденения, масштабы проявления оруденения и морфология рудных тел, минеральный состав руд, минимальное среднее содержание золота в рудах, количество прогнозных ресурсов. Путем сопоставления ее с геолого-экономической моделью более изученного Учкуланского золоторудного поля (КЧР), установлена их принципиальная схожесть. Наиболее существенное влияние на величину браковочных кондиций оказывают расчетная цена единицы товарной продукции (в нашем случае 1 г золота) и ожидаемая себестоимость добычи и переработки 1 т руды. Последний параметр в части издержек производства имеет тесную корреляционную связь с годовой производительностью горно-обогатительного предприятия и, косвенно, – с запасами руды. Показано, что в настоящее время отработка таких руд экономически не целесообразна. Вместе с тем, результаты интерполяции вероятного изменения технико-экономических показателей при росте цены на золото указывают на возможность отработки таких руд в будущем методом кучного выщелачивания за счет снижения порога рентабельности при содержаниях золота менее 1 г/т.

Purpose. The research aims to conduct a comprehensive study of the mechanical properties of ores and rocks within the Zhilandy Group field, as well as to assess the natural field of mass stress state to solve geomechanical problems in optimizing mining operations. Methods. To determine the boundary conditions when measuring the stress-strain state of the mass, a complex methodology is proposed, including stress measurements using hydraulic fracturing methods of the wells and determining the physical-mechanical properties of rocks. Five rock probes have been tested. Twelve tests (six tests in natural and six in water-saturated states) have been conducted for each probe. Findings. Hydraulic fracturing tests at the metering stations show significant tectonic stress due to the shape of structural folds and the mass fracturing. It has been revealed that the hard rock mass is characterized by non-uniform fracturing. It is of tectonic origin and averages between 10-15 and 15-25 fractures per meter for different lithological varieties. The maximum horizontal stress at the stations is oriented along an azimuth of 70° ± 10. Originality. The influence of water saturation on the reduction of strength and deformation characteristics of rocks has been determined for the conditions of the Zhilandy Group field, which shows significant variations depending on the rock type. Especially important is the revealed fact of a significant decrease in uniaxial compression and uniaxial tensile strength, as well as a decrease in Young's modulus and cohesion factor. Linear dependences of stresses occurring with depth have been obtained from the measurement results. Practical implications. The results obtained are of significant importance for the mining industry. Understanding the extent of reduction in strength characteristics during water saturation and assessing the natural field of the stress mass state allows more accurate prediction of rock behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The research is aimed at substantiating the optimal parameters of blast-hole ore breaking to reduce the rock mass destruction when mining low-thickness vein deposits using the mining system of sublevel drifts (SD). The focus is on analyzing the impact of blasting on the out-contour rock mass during the blast-hole breaking process. Methods. The three-dimensional block model is constructed using rating classifications of rocks based on studying their strength properties and structural peculiarities. The inelastic deformation zones around the stoping extraction are determined by numerical analysis using the finite element method in 2D formulation. Experimental blasts are assessed by varying the blast-hole drilling scheme depending on the stability rating. Findings. During the experimental-industrial tests, rational blast-hole drilling schemes have been substantiated, contributing to maintaining the stability of the host rocks when mining low-thickness veins. Originality. Effective methods for reducing the ore dilution have been substantiated, which take into account not only the strength properties and structural peculiarities of rocks, but also their seismic impact from blasting on the out-contour rock mass stability when mining low-thickness deposits using a system of sublevel drifts. Practical implications. Practical significance is in the possibility of minimizing the percentage of mineral dilution when mining low-thickness ore bodies using a system of sublevel drifts, which can significantly reduce the cost of mined minerals by reducing ore losses caused by the rock mass destruction during mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a comprehensive scientific and technological study of fastening mining development workings. The main goal of the study was to substantiate and develop proposals for resource-reducing technology for fastening mine development workings, the costs of fastening and re-fastening of which constitute a significant part of the total cost of work. The research was based on an analysis of full-scale underground observations of the technology of reinforced concrete anchoring and shotcrete fastening of mine development workings. As part of the study, an analysis of the condition of the roof of mine development workings and the existing technology of combined fastening showed that in a number of mining and geological conditions during underground mining, shotcrete fastening based on modern filler compositions is sufficient. The article substantiates resource-reducing mining and technological solutions based on modern developments and compositions of shotcrete fastening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose is to assess a natural field of rock mass stress within Vostochnaya Sary-Oba deposit using in-situ measurements. It will help identify stress distribution as well as high-stress areas that may be dangerous for mining operations. Methods. The research has applied a technique of well hydraulic fracturing to study parameters of the initial stress field within the deposit. For the purpose, two metering points in two measuring (horizontal and vertical) wells were used. Hydraulic fracturing has been tested at each installation location. Findings. The in-situ measurement results have helped obtain quantitative parameters of stress-strain state of the rock mass. It has been understood that the available tectonic disturbances may result from the shape of structural folds as well as from tectonic fissility. Operating azimuth of the maximum horizontal stress within the points coincides, it is equal to 70° ± 10. Originality is the use of a new approach to assess the stress rock mass state within Vostochnaya Sary-Oba deposit while applying in-situ measurements and well hydraulic fracturing. The abovementioned favours more accurate and reliable assessment of rock stress state at the field being quite important for mining safety and for the development of the efficient supporting procedures and ore extraction procedures. Practical implications. The research results are applicable to adapt project documents for the deposit mining, a supporting technique selection, and ore extracting. Moreover, they will help make the substantiated choice of a structure and geotechnical parameters taking into consideration safety of operations as well as quality of ore mining. In addition, the results help develop measures to prevent rock mass outburst and fall in mine workings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the effectiveness of artificial maintenance of the mined-out space based on the use of cable bolts to reduce the dilution coefficient when mining low-thickness ore bodies. Methods. Geotechnical mapping of the rock mass according to the Q, RMR, RQD and GSI rating classifications is conducted, as well as a linear survey of the fracture system in the hanging wall and footwall rocks is performed using a rock compass and the GEO ID application. Numerical analysis by the limit equilibrium method in the Unwedge software package is applied to determine the safety factor of a mass divided by fractures into wedges. Using a Schmidt test hammer, the uniaxial compressive strength of the mass rocks has been determined. The full-scale studies have been conducted using cable support in the conditions of the Akbakai deposit. Findings. It has been revealed that the footwall rocks are in a stable state, while the safety factor of the hanging wall rocks is 0.98, which requires artificial maintenance using cable bolts. The cable support parameters are calculated taking into account nonuniform distribution of horizontal and vertical stresses in the rock mass. It has been determined that when strengthening the hanging wall with cable bolts in inclined veins with a dip angle of up to 40º, the average ore dilution is 66.1%, and that of previously mined without fastening is 68.7%. In similar experiments in steep-dipping veins with a dip angle of more than 60º, dilution decreases from 62.8 to 48.7%. Originality. It has been revealed that in the conditions of the Akbakai deposit, cable fastening of the hanging wall rocks is effective at an ore deposit dip angle of more than 60º, at which the mined ore dilution coefficient decreases. Practical implications. The research results can be used to increase the stability of hanging wall rocks when mining lowthickness ore bodies with a sublevel caving system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The research purpose is to substantiate a rational technology for mining steep-dipping ore bodies based on a complex of geomechanical studies in combined mining of deposits. Methods. Analysis of existing constructive methods for calculating the optimal mining system parameters when mining under-open-pit ore reserves in the zone of influence of surface mining operations, taking into account the natural stress-strain state of the rock mass. Numerical modeling is used to study the geomechanical processes occurring in the mass during the mining of under-open-pit reserves of steep-dipping ore bodies in order to substantiate the mining system with ore shrinkage. The geotechnical mapping of mine workings is conducted directly in the face to determine the mass rating. Findings. The calculation of the optimal parameters for the stope chamber, inter-chamber and inter-level pillars based on a complex of geomechanical studies has shown that the more intense horizontal stresses act in the bottom of the blocks and in the inter-block pillars, in which a large number of board gates have been driven. Originality. For the first time, using high-precision programs and given the nonuniform distribution of horizontal and vertical stresses acting in the mass for the Abyz Mine conditions, it has been revealed that when mining an individual block, the maximum horizontal stresses around the mined-out space reach 10-15 MPa; when mining a group of blocks - 20-25 MPa. Practical implications. The research results can be used in planning and mining with shrinkage of steep-dipping ore bodies during mining of under-open-pit reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose is to substantiate the use of an in-pit crushing and conveying technology at the open pits with complex structure of the working zone, which technological complex includes inclined and steeply inclined conveyors for improved economic efficiency of mineral mining at deep levels. Methods. The study applies a complex method including: technical-economical analysis of the practice of mining enterprises, experience of using conveying units at concentration plants and open pits; mining-geometrical analysis in terms of open pit sections - to identify the structure of the working zone of a deep open pit wall and its features along the depth; structural developments - to improve the design of a steeply-inclined conveyor; simulation modelling of the technological processes - to select optimal technical solutions. Findings. Basing on the performed studies, it has been identified that transfer to a new trend of the in-pit crushing and conveying technology, considering the structural features of the working zone of a deep open pit, is rather prospective. In this context, it is expedient to use inclined conveyors or deep-trough conveyors on the sites of an open pit wall with the inclination angle of 10-18°; in case of sites with the inclination angle of 30-36°, it is recommended to use steeply inclined conveyors. Originality. For the first time, a relation between the working zone of a deep open pit and formation of the structure of technological complexes has been identified. Dependences of the boundary inclination angle αn of a pipe conveyor on the angle of non-filling θ of its belt with the cargo at different coefficients of cargo-belt friction have been defined. Practical implications. The obtained results make it possible to widen the application sphere and increase the efficiency of mineral mining with the use of in-pit crushing and conveying technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The solution to one of the important problems of the underground mining method is to substantiate cost-effective, technologically feasible and safe variants for mining steeply dipping low-thickness ore bodies. Methods. Mining systems are substantiated on the basis of a detailed analysis of the developed and existing experiential variants for mining steeply dipping ore bodies, identifying production and economic disadvantages, as well as their causes. Findings. As a result of the research, the pillar raise performance in the mining system with ore shrinkage has been substantiated. The main parameters of the proposed variants for mining systems with ore shrinkage, intended for expansion-type supports and borehole breaking, have been substantiated. A design has been developed of fastening the material-running raises (MRR) and ventilating raises (VR) on the working and ventilation horizons to ensure their performance in the mining system with ore shrinkage. Originality. For the first time, dependences of dilution and labour productivity on the ore body thickness and the type of ore breaking for blast-hole stoping and borehole breaking for a single and "twinned block" have been obtained. In addition, a certain dependence of the loading and delivery performance on the average fractional composition, as well as on the delivery distance, has been obtained. Practical implications. The research is characterized by scientific innovations created for the first time, which are able to ensure the efficiency and safety of mining operations, while creating the ability to manage the loss of minerals and dilution in the block, as well as reaching their calculated optimal ratio in order to achieve the most cost-effective production rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in geographical names based on names of ores (железо ‘iron’, медь ‘copper’) and their generic designation (руда ‘ore’) is due to the fact that ore deposits are linked to a specific area and at the same time have a high value for the national economy, therefore, it is logical to expect their reflection in toponymy. The research material is a set of geographical names formed from the words железо, медь, руда and their derivatives recorded in the Russian North (Arkhangelsk and Vologda Regions) and in the Urals (Perm and Sverdlovsk Regions) during the work of the Toponymic Expedition of Ural University between the 1960s and 2010s. Taking into account the type of objects denominated, their areal distribution, and accompanying contexts, the author determines the motivation for such names. Additionally, the article examines alternative toponymic markers (ржавец ‘viscous, swampy place, swamp covered with a reddish-brown coating, film (due to ironstone it contains)’, домница ‘blacksmith forge’), which could indicate the mining and production of iron. Moreover, the article examines data from the substrate toponymy of the Russian North with the same meaning (Ровдозеро, cf. Veps. roud ‘iron’; Розмега, cf. Veps. rozḿe ‘rust (on water)’). In the Russian North, железный is used to denote objects that are mostly water bodies — rivers, streams, swamps, and lakes, most of which are located in old iron-producing areas. Some of the names (for example, the metaphorical model Железные Ворота ‘Iron Gate’) are not related to iron ore deposits. Geographical names derived from the words руда, рудный и рудник are “synonymous” to toponyms referring to iron: water bodies also predominate among them, and most explanatory contexts associate them with the extraction of ore or the corresponding colour of water. The areas of toponyms formed from the words железо ‘iron’, ржавец ‘rusty’ and рудный (рудник) ‘mine’ in the Russian North overlap with and correspond to the territory of the main areas of the peasant iron industry. There are significantly fewer toponyms associated with copper mining in the Russian North: perhaps because there were practically no copper deposits. Most of the objects are fields and mows and the context does not allow the author to say which part of their names is associated with copper mining and which has a metaphorical meaning. In the Urals, ore toponymy is significantly less abundant than that of the Russian North: this applies to both железо and медь toponyms, and names derived from the words рудный and рудник. The only toponymic model that is massively represented in the Ural material is names derived from the word ржавец. Ore toponymy in the Russian North is more diverse and widespread than that of the Urals, which is probably due to the fact that the peasant iron industry in the Russian North was more widespread and lasted longer, while the Urals switched to factory production earlier.

Purpose. Representation in a generalized form of the conducted research on the development of technology for heap leaching of gold-bearing tailings at the Vasilkovsky GOK (Altyntau Kokshetau), which can be used to recover gold from technogenic deposits in Kazakhstan. Methods. The research on the gold recovery from the ore beneficiation tailings at the Vasilkovsky deposit is conducted using direct cyanidation. Experiments are performed in open heat-resistant beakers equipped with a mechanical agitator. The preparation of the material for cyanidation consists of the following operations, such as grinding, water washing and alkaline treatment followed by cyanidation. The optimal cyanidation parameters are determined by performing a series of experiments with a change in one parameter at a constant value of others. After the optimal process duration is determined, a series of experiments are conducted with a change in the solids content in the pulp of 20, 25, 33, 50 and 100%. The concentration of cyanide in the solution is 0.1-1.0 g/dm3. The concentration of sodium thiosulphate in the cyanide solution is 0.5-5.0 g/dm3. The process temperature varies within 20, 30, and 40°С. The content of the nutrient medium is the sodium thiosulphate for the used culture T10. Findings. It has been determined that with an increase in the solids content in the pulp, the degree of gold recovery from tai-lings increases, reaching a maximum of 97.5%, with a ratio of (solid: liquid) S:L = 1:1. When the solids content in the pulp is below 50%, a longer agitation leaching of the pulp is required to achieve a recovery of at least 85-90%, which, in turn, leads to high operating costs. Originality. For the first time it has been found that the optimal solids content for maximum gold recovery in the pulp can be considered 50% (or S:L = 1:1). Practical implications. Increasing the solids content in the pulp contributes to the duration of the solvent contact with the ore mass, which allows the use of less concentrated solutions of the leaching agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Substantiating the main explosive impulse parameters and determining the dependences of metal recovery during forced loosening and shaking of the ore mass by an electro-hydraulic blasting to intensify the heap leaching process. Methods. The experimental laboratory studies have revealed the dependences of the discharge energy influence on the blasting pressure at various parameters of the discharge capacity and inductance, as well as the change in the metal content in the productive solution when the ore mass is exposed to an electro-hydraulic blasting. Findings. A research methodology using the models of the electro-hydraulic blasting impact on the ore mass is proposed. In addition, the similarity criteria have been substantiated, which make it possible to study the nature of shaking and loosening under various loading parameters. It has been determined that using the method of influencing the ore mass with an electric discharge in a liquid increases the degree of metal recovery from the ore during heap leaching and increases the rate of the solution penetration into the depth of the ore mass. When using the method of loosening the ore mass by artificial shaking, the recovery of copper increases by 10-15% and the leaching time decreases by 1.5 times. Originality. It has been determined that due to the possibility of regulating the electric discharge capacity in the required range during blasting operations, loosening and additional crushing of the ore mass occurs; fractures are formed in lumpy ores, which contribute to an increase in the rate of leaching solution infiltration. Practical implications. The proposed technology makes it possible, without dismantling the equipment and irrigation communications, to perform additional loosening of the ore mass and increase the rate of the leaching process, as well as significantly reduce the time of the technological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mining of Mineral Deposits is the property of Dnipro University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Backround. The extraction of gold from alkaline cyanide solutions is the main method for processing gold-silver ores. One of the effective methods for intensifying cyanidation is acoustic (ultrasonic intensification of the process) pulp treatment. Purpose. Intensification of the cyanidation process, with the use of acoustic pulp treatment in order to increase the degree of extraction of gold and silver from ores. Methodology. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory setup, in a closed cycle with an RPA apparatus for acoustic treatment in the process of cyanidation of gold and silver ore. Originality. Intensification of cyanidation with the use of acoustic treatment of the pulp of gold and silver-containing ores was achieved. Findings. The possibility of increasing the recovery of gold by 2-6%, silver by 10-18% and a decrease in the duration of cyanidation to 6 hours has been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Предложены новые предпосылки обнаружения месторождений апатита в пределах Балтийского щита и его склонов. Перспективные площади с прогнозируемым промышленным апатитовым оруденением связаны с зеленокаменными поясами, континентальными рифтогенами, регенерированными рифтогенами (авлакогенами). Приведенные материалы позволяют кардинально изменить подходы к оценке перспектив апатитоносности Балтийского щита и его склонов.

Николаевское скарново-полиметаллическое месторождение расположено в Восточно-Сихотэ-Алинском вулканогенном поясе, в пределах Дальнегорского рудного района Приморья, известного серебро-полиметаллической, оловянно-полиметаллической и боросиликатной минерализацией. Основную экономическую значимость района составляют скарново-полиметаллические месторождения, из которых Николаевское - наиболее крупное. Сульфидное оруденение наложено на основную скарновую залежь Восток-1, расположенную на глубине 700-1300 м от поверхности, и «глыбовые», образованные в результате частичного или полного замещения крупных обломков известняков, на расстоянии 100-200 м выше основной. Рудные залежи имеют сложное внутреннее строение и состоят из зон, отличающихся по минеральному составу, содержанию основных и попутных компонентов (редких элементов). Исследованиями установлено распределение серебра, висмута, селена, таллия, индия и кадмия (РЭ) в различных минералах, типах руд и рудных телах Николаевского месторождения. Главным минералом-концентратором Ag, Bi, Te, Se, Tl является галенит, а In и Cd - сфалерит. В кварц-карбонат-сульфидных рудах, расположенных на верхних горизонтах скарновых рудных тел и в целом месторождения, содержание РЭ в 2 и более раз выше, чем в сульфидно-геденбергитовых, слагающих нижние горизонты оруденения. Статистически установлена геохимическая ассоциация висмута с серебром, теллуром, селеном для верхнего, а висмута со свинцом - для нижнего горизонта скарновых рудных тел. Проведен анализ поведения элементов в технологическом процессе и возможность их комплексного извлечения. Свинцовый концентрат характеризуется значительным содержанием Ag, Bi, Se, Te; цинковый - In, Cd, Ag.

Минераграфические исследования колчеданных руд новых подсечений в пределах Учалинской и Узельгинской рудных областей позволили выделить 6 структурно-вещественных типов руд. Характерной особенностью этих типов является не состав и текстура, а колломорфные и бластоколломорфные структуры у одних и структуры кристаллизации у других. Для ответа на вопрос: "в чем причина структурных особенностей руд?" было осуществлено сопоставление руд различной структуры с тектоническими условиями их размещения. Выяснилось, что эти руды занимают существенно разные структурно-тектонические позиции, которые и определили их генезис, зафиксированный в структурных особенностях. Проведенные исследования обращают внимание на более детальное изучение известных месторождений северной части Магнитогорского прогиба с целью наиболее надежного ответа на поставленные вопросы

The relevance of the work is attributed to the possibility of engaging stocks of low-grade ores in mining, which is prevented by insufficient knowledge of the leaching process. Preparation of ores is carried out without accounting for all properties of minerals and modes of solution movement, which increases the cost of mining, increases the loss of useful components and degrades the technicaleconomic criteria. The aim of this work is to systematize the theory and practice of using leaching technology with optimization of the mineral resources utilization criterion, accumulated in the uranium-mining industry of the USSR. The article contains the description of the processes carried out in mining practice for the first time. Results. The fundamental distinction of the technology of leaching metals from ores as changing phase of metal explicitly in-situ is formulated. The features of layout design and the use of preparatory and development workings on the conditions of their reuse in the process, crushing by condition to ensure penetration of the reagent solution into the ore piece, irrigation as a process determining the economic purposefulness of the technology, collecting solutions and preventing leakage for industrial sanitation and human health are described. The features of intensification of the drill-and-blast leaching process by deformation of the volume of leachable ore with of explosive gases and stress waves are distinguished. Examples of accounting for special features of ore deposits leaching in the USSR are presented. The practice of monitoring the completeness of leaching by excavation workings on leached ore is described. A brief description of the benefits of leaching technology in cleaning up the stocks lost by the traditional technology is given. Conclusion. It is noted that underground leaching may take priority positions in mining, so development of scientific basics for its implementation is one of the most important tasks of mining production, accomplishing which affects the creation of highly productive and waste-free systems of extraction of useful minerals from the subsoil. The experience of the ISL allows to create a methodological basis for expanding the scope of metal leaching technologies. The article contains the description of the processes carried out for the first time in mining practice.

Research on kinetics of change of phosphorus, niobium, vanadium and titanium content during high-temperature roasting of ore from Tomtor field mixed with active additives: bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), alkalis (КОН, NaOH) is conducted. An equation of ore roasting kinetics is proposed and values of constant rate of high-temperature ore roasting for phosphorus, niobium, vanadium and the titanium under various conditions are calculated. Relationships of constant rate of high-temperature ore roasting in the atmosphere of air oxygen, argon and molecular chlorine to the temperature of roasting and content of active additives are obtained. It is established that in the atmosphere of air oxygen, ore roasting is most effective with additions of NaHCO3, Na2CO3, NaOH, taken with the ratio (1:1). It is shown that roasting of ore in admixture with carbonates and alkalis can translate into a solution for subsequent leaching at minimum 95.0% of phosphorus and 44.0% of vanadium contained in the original ore. It is established that the greatest rate of roasting in the atmosphere of oxygen is characterized by ore roasting in a mixture of NaHCO3 and NaOH. The constant rates of that process for phosphorus and vanadium are calculated. It is established that filter cake forming after ore roasting requires further processing because it contains high concentrations of vanadium and other valuable metals.

The urgency of the problem of the survival of the mining industry due to the fact that they are in the new economic policy without government involvement and investment can ensure economic prosperity as the mining and processing of the remaining mineral reserves uneconomic.The purpose of work consists in justification of diversification of the technology field development on the basis of involvement in the production of non-conforming raw materials and processing his unconventional methods of leaching and mechanical activation.Methods. The possibility of extraction of metals from sub-standard raw material is confirmed by field and laboratory experiments, including industrial.Results. Made a critical analysis of the contribution of scientists Ossetia to the development of scientific and technical progress of mining technology. The conditions of recovery of the mining and ore - processing production in the mining region on the example of the Republic of North Ossetia- Alania. For the deposits of Sadonsky ore province and their counterparts recommended combined scheme design, including elements of technology with the laying of the cavities hardening mixtures, underground and heap leaching of poor and off-balance ores and the leaching of tailings with activation in a disintegrator.In conclusion, it is concluded that the conversion of the mining and processing industries is an instrument of economic and social problems of depressed mountain region.

A metamorphogenetic-metasomatic garnet ore occurrence, known as Vysota-181, is located in the Louhi District, Russian Karelia, which is part of the Arctic zone of the RussianFederation. The study of the ore occurrence has revealed many productive rock varieties. Various types of garnet ore have been identified, based on their distribution, mineral compositionand industrial properties. Garnet is considered as a promising complex non-radioactive source of critical strategic rare-earth metals (TR = Y+La+Ce+…+Lu) and scandium. The micro-component chemical composition of the garnet from its concentrates derived from various ore types was analyzed. It has been shown that pyralspitic garnet from sialic ore varieties contains economic concentrations of scandium (Sc203 – 177.3–196.8 g/t), a major useful component, and that yttrium-group elements (YTR = Y+Sm+…+Lu) predominatein the composition of associated TR (TR203 – 130.2–139.2 g/t, the percentage of YTR203 is 91.6–97.2 %). The rare-metals concentration (RМ) in garnet from apobasic ores (Sc203 – 72.2 g/t, TR203 – 163.3 g/t) is below the minimum economic concentration. The predicted resources of garnet and RМ in the various ore types composing the rock massif which could be quarried by the open-pit method were estimated. Garnet resources in mafic ores are 5.582 Мt, RМ resources in the garnet are (t): Sc203 – 403, TR203 – 911, including Y203 – 557, YTR203 – 871. The total garnet resources with economic scandium concentrations in the sialic ores of various types are 5.633 Мt, RМ resources in the garnet (t) are: Sc203 – 1099, TR203 – 776, including YTR203 – 714, Y203 – 468. Vysota-181 is a medium-sized ore occurrence, based on predicted scandium resources in garnet from sialic ores.

Деятельность горнодобывающей отрасли осуществляется с высокой степенью риска. Проблема управления состоянием массива особо актуальна в условиях горного региона с неработающими выработками, воронками провалов и отвалами пород и хвостов обогащения на террасных участках и в долинах рек. Она особо актуальна в условиях региона Северная Осетия с неработающими выработками, воронками провалов и отвалами пород и хвостов обогащения на террасных участках и в долинах рек. Увеличение глубины горных работ и объемов выемки сырья в сейсмически активных районах усиливают статическое и динамическое воздействие на геомеханические системы. Одним из способов исследования динамики напряжений в массиве являются измерения с помощью тензометрических датчиков. На одном из месторождений была оборудована замерная тензометрическая станция. Полученные эпюры напряжений вокруг выработки служили основанием для оценки поведения массива. Установлено, что изменение состояния крепи в зависимости от фазы развития очистных работ подчиняется закономерности. Пока рудное тело в пределах блока ведет себя как защемленная в висячем и лежачем боках балка, напряжения распределяются равномерно. После отрезки рудного тела со стороны висячего бока нагрузка на верхний элемент крепи со стороны очистных работ возрастает. Одним из направлений совершенствования технологий является использование феномена заклинивания дискретных пород, что нередко позволяет обеспечить возможность отработки месторождений с получением эколого-экономического эффекта при обеспечении безопасности горных работ. Эффективность использования породных конструкций складывается из экономии труда и материалов на управление состоянием скальных массивов при подземных работах. Оптимизация влияния напряжений в зоне взаимодействия очистных и подготовительных выработок уменьшает разубоживание руд породами и снижает опасность травмирования работающих отлаивающимися породами. При подземной разработке скальных сложноструктурных металлических месторождений в зоне взаимодействия горных выработок величина и знак напряжений во времени и пространстве может быть прогнозирована с достаточной для оперативного управления детализацией. Учет геомеханических факторов при отработке таких участков позволяет корректировать параметры разработки с получением экономического эффекта от повышения качества добываемых руд и уменьшения опасности для работающих.

Проведен сопоставительный анализ документации керна буровых скважин и результатов химико-аналитических определений золота в керновых пробах из рудных интервалов золотоносных скарнов Зыгыркольской зоны. Показано, что содержания золота в рудных интервалах не зависят от типа, форм проявления, количества и состава рудных минералов. Отсутствие связи концентраций золота с сульфидами, магнетитом и гематитом подтвердилось и при исследовании проб-протолочек, составленных из «хвостов» 50 бороздовых проб, отобранных из рудных интервалов, в которых содержания золота по результатам химического анализа составили от 0,6 до 9,9 г/т. Результаты минералогического анализа шлихов показали крайнюю бедность их рудными минералами. В минералогических пробах руд с максимальными содержаниями золота установлены частицы самородного золота, при полном отсутствии в этих пробах сульфидов и других рудных минералов. Множественная корреляция, выполненная по массиву химико-аналитических данных, полученных по результатам кернового опробования золотоносных скарнов Зыгыркольской рудоносной зоны, показала, что золото достаточно сильно положительно коррелируется только с висмутом. Это соответствует минералогическим данным о наличии ассоциации самородного золота с самородным висмутом, установленной по результатам электронно-микроскопических исследований. Установлено также отсутствие значимой корреляции золота и серебра, что может свидетельствовать о разных этапах золотой и серебряной минерализаций. Относительно сильная положительная корреляция серебра со свинцом, сурьмой, цинком, мышьяком, марганцем и оловом свидетельствует о связи этого элемента с проявлениями сульфидной минерализации, содержащими галенит, пираргирит и другие сульфоантимониты, сульфоарсениды и сульфостанаты, а также алабандин. Таким образом, установлено, что золотое оруденение в скарнах Зыгыркольской зоны является монометалльным (чисто золотым), образовавшимся раньше так называемых сопутствующих сульфидных и сульфидно-магнетитовых минерализаций Тырныаузского рудного поля.

The relevance of reducing the cost of solid mixtures to fill technological voids in underground mining of ore deposits is due to the development of resource-saving and environmental trends in the mining industry.The aim of this work is to study the possibility of increasing the strength of the mixture by the use of liquid tailings multicomponent ores.In the course of laboratory and experimental - industrial experiment investigated the possibility of obtaining hardening stowing mixtures with the use of liquid tailings and ores.It is proved that the use of liquid waste processing processing significantly improves the strength and other technological properties of solid mixtures based on them is greater than the lower grade binder. Clarified the use of dam water as a sealer in the manufacture of solid mixtures for obtaining the same strength significantly reduces the consumption of cement, which is substantial economic effect. Dam water is used after the extraction of these metals, together with other associated commercial products reduces the cost of preparation of solid mixtures. Recommended method of extraction of the waste liquid metals under the influence of an electric field in diaphragm electrolyzers. It is shown that after extraction of the metals from pulpo-shaped waste, the latter represent a promising material for concrete production in the mining industry and construction industry.It is concluded that the use in the compositions of the solid mixtures, liquid waste hydrometallurgical processing significantly improves the strength and rheological properties of solid mixtures based on them due to salts of sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and surfactant water. Rational use of dam water increases the scope of progressive development systems with the bookmark hardening mixtures.

The paper considers the problem of distribution and tectonic setting of the largest gold deposits in folded and folded-blocked belts of different types and ages. We present a generalized scheme showing a distribution of 14 giant deposits (with the amount of mined metal, remaining gold reserves and economical gold resources of more than 1000 tons) as well as other deposits with reserves being smaller in mineralization but close to the giant ones. Spatial distribution of deposits in relation to regional faults, accompanying faults, high-orders (3-5'th) faults has been shown, as well as ore-bearing environment that is most favorable for the localization of the largest accumulations of ore and gold reserves.

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Ore recovery and ore dilution are very important indicators in almost all mining exploitation methods, and are especially important in the sublevel caving mining method. In the sublevel caving mining method, there is an inverse proportion in the ore recovery and ore dilution, that is, by increasing one parameter the other is reduced, and vice versa. With each increased percent of ore dilution and reduction of ore recovery, there is a negative impact on the economic value of the ore reserves in the deposit, i.e., the content of metal in the ore is reduced, thereby increasing the production costs for treating the ore from loading to the final processing. In this paper will be presented laboratory methods in which the correlation between the coefficients of ore recovery and ore dilution in the sublevel caving mining method can be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Проанализированы результаты исследования газогеохимических ореолов, создаваемых золоторудными залежами, расположенными в пределах Керчикского рудопроявления в Восточном Донбассе. Предложен индекс газовых аномалий, отражающий поглощение кислорода и выделение углекислого газа при окислении рудных компонентов под толщей перекрывающих пород. Установлена устойчивость во времени газогеохимических аномалий, обусловленных рудными объектами. Обоснована целесообразность и необходимость применения данных дистанционного зондирования Земли, т.к. газы способствуют изменению спектральной отражательной способности ландшафта.

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Ore dilution and ore recovery/losses have an important role in calculating the total reserves of mineral resources. Increased ore losses are causing big production costs and aslo reduces the ore reserves in the deposit and the production life of the mine. The primary goal of this science paper is to present the reasons for ore losses, the economic consequences and the method for calculating the ore losses in underground mines for metal minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper will be presented recovery or losses and dilution of the ore in the mining methods for underground exploitation of mineral resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]