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Introduction: The development of the pharmaceutical profession goes through different stages. Initially, the pharmacists are involved in preparing and dispensing medicines. Subsequently, pharmaceutical production developed, and pharmacists gradually became involved in helping patients' health by providing pharmaceutical care. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to characterise the role of the pharmacist in the modern society. Materials and Methods: To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of a scientific database (Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate) was performed on the keywords pharmacist, role of the pharmacist, and pharmaceutical care. Results:The pharmacist is involved in the health system for safety monitoring, crisis management, adequate drug supply, support for self-medication and the use of medicinal products without a prescription, and participation in introducing personalised therapies and innovative health technologies. Conclusion: The role of the pharmacist in modern society is constantly developing and expanding. The pharmacist's competencies allow him to be adequately introduced as a member of a multidisciplinary team to assist other participants in the health system, but currently, pharmacists are not a sufficiently well-utilized source of health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacists are the main unit that provides medicines to the population. Currently, a serious problem that occurs in Bulgaria and on a global scale, is the lack of basic medicines. Patients' access to medicinal products is hampered by the lack of pharmacies located in small towns, round-the-clock pharmacies or pharmacies being able to prepare magisterial or pharmacopoeia recipes. The study aims to analyse the problems with the greatest impact on the deterioration of the population's access to medicinal products and pharmaceutical services. Materials and methods: To achieve the goal of the study, a direct anonymous survey was conducted among master pharmacists practicing in community pharmacies on the territory of the city of Varna. Results: The most pressing problem in the pharmaceutical sector is the shortage of drugs in the pharmacy network, as indicated by 61 (48%) of the surveyed persons. The next issue is access to pharmaceutical services in small settlements. It was reported by 56 (44%) of respondents, but a large percentage of pharmacists, 62(49%), indicated that they would work in a small town for a motivating salary. A small percentage, 24(19%), of pharmacists indicated that the problem with 24/7 pharmacies exists, with a large proportion of respondents, 91(72%), not willing to work night shifts. The smallest number of respondents, 18 (14%), indicated as a problem the lack of pharmacies preparing medicinal forms according to the magistral and pharmacopeial prescription. Conclusion: Pharmacists have to work to provide medicines for all patients. The subjects would work for motivating pay in small towns but would not engage in a night shift schedule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of medicine, more and more attention is paid to the rational use of drugs in order to improve the health of patients in the long run by minimizing the cost of medical products and reducing the risk of complications. A step in this direction is the introduction of personalized medicine and compliance of the therapeutic course with the individual specifics of the organism. This is possible due to advances in the study of the human genome and the development of pharmacogenomics. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the role of pharmacist, working in the field of personalized medicine. Results: Pharmacists, being part of a multidisciplinary team, play an important role in the introduction and optimization of personalized medicine and monitoring the treatment of patients treated according to the principles of personalized medicine. The participation of the pharmacist is associated with informing and educating the patient, testing of target groups of patients, informing the team about any problems in the treatment. In Bulgaria personalized medicine is yet to be developed and currently pharmacists do not participate in testing. Their main role is to provide appropriate conditions for storage and release of medical products for target therapy, as well as patient education. Pharmacist must defend their place in ensuring access to health technologies for the population and quality monitoring of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethics is a system of moral rules and norms of behavior in society. Each profession builds its own ethical principles, which are the basis for resolving moral and ethical dilemmas that arise during its exercise. Pharmacy is a regulated profession and in its professional path every pharmacist must adhere to the legal framework, but also to the principles of professional ethics set out in the Code of Professional Ethics of the Master Pharmacist. The document examines the ethical principles of behavior at three levels of relationship: pharmacistpatient; pharmacist - pharmacist and pharmacist and other medical and health professionals. According to the Code of Ethics, pharmacy is a humanitarian science and practice that is entirely based on the care and preservation of public health and in particular the individual. There are a number of circumstances for the emergence of cases related to ethical principles, which leads to increased stress among pharmacists. The aim of the present study is to differentiate the main preconditions for the occurrence of stress caused by ethical dilemmas in pharmaceutical services. To achieve this goal, a review of the literature has been conducted on the following keywords: stress, ethics, pharmacists, services, pharmacies. Key prerequisites for the occurrence of stress are: high responsibility for the protection of personal and health information; compliance with company policy and at the same time focusing on the patient's health and needs as well as his rights for autonomous decision-making; emergencies, requiring the sell of prescription medicine without prescription, which is a breach of the law. Each pharmacist is independently responsible for his own actions and at the same time is obliged to assert his authority with professionalism, competence, knowledge, skills and welfare of the patient and society. The prestige of the profession is based on and depends on the morals and ethics of each member of the class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-health is an important step for working in the health system in modern conditions. It was introduced gradually in all European countries, including Bulgaria. The need to digital some of the services in the construction of "Health" is seen to the greatest extent after the declaration of a state of emergency in March 2020, followed by an epidemic situations and quarantine of a number of patients. The stages for achieving a finished product "electronic prescription" have been developed for many years by the Ministry of Health. The aim of the study is to trace the regulatory framework regarding the activities of the pharmacists in the introduction of electronic prescriptions. Materials and methods - a documentary film for research and analysis of a regulatory framework. They are traced in European directives and national legislation The study traces the long process of introducing e-health. At the national level, it will start in 2013 and only in 2020 will start electronic instructions and electronic prescriptions. These are the main steps for electronicization of the healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is widely seen in modern society. It is described as а strong emotional, psychological and physical exhaustion, directly connected to the professional sphere. That exhaustion is observed in healthy individuals, mostly professionals in the social care industry. Its levels are higher among medical professions, including pharmacists. . Up to now, there are no studies in Bulgaria about the Burnout syndrome among pharmacists. The study aims to analyze the widespread of burnout syndrome among departments from different spheres of the pharmaceutical sector. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with a goal to measure the presence of Burnout Syndrome among 142 pharmacists in Varna, Bulgaria, working in different areas of the pharmaceutical sector: pharmacies for public services, hospital pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies, higher education institutions. The information was collected using an anonymous questionnaire that included the specialized Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) tool to examine professional burnout, according to three subscales: emotional exhaustion(EE), depersonalization( DP) and personal accomplishment.(PA). Results: In 73% of the examined pharmacists burnout is observed and in 27% there is no burnout syndrome. The highest values are in the subscale DP. For pharmacists who are working for pharmaceutical companies and engaged in teaching, EE is very high but they also show the highest values of satisfaction with their achievements. Conclusion: The work of pharmacists is directly related to patient care, which can cause exhaustion, lack of motivation and problems in the performance of duties and the realization of quality pharmaceutical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacies, as the most affordable health facilities, provide an effective supply of drugs and the necessary pharmaceutical care. In epidemic situations or a state of emergency, as in Covid - 19, a change in the drug supply process is required. In order to provide the necessary medicines, protective equipment and disinfectants, it is necessary to properly plan financial income and expenses. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the values of sales in pharmacies to serve the population in the conditions of "no flu", "flu" and "Covid - 19". For the analysis of the value of sales data from the cash turnover of a pharmacy for servicing the population in the city of Varna were used. A t-test was performed on independent samples of “Student” to examine the influence of the factors "flu", "month period" and "virus type". The analyzes were performed at a level of statistical significance α = 0.05. Short-term peaks in sales values were reported during Covid - 19. They are compared with the results during the flu and show much lower overall values. The study found that the "flu" factor was decisive for the value of pharmacy sales, p = 0.002. The 'influenza type' factor did not establish a statistically significant difference between the arithmetic mean values for the 'influenza' group and for the 'covid, p = 0,521' group. Based on the data as of March and April 2020, compared to the known influenza strains, Covid – 19 proves to be a serious challenge for analyzing and planning the value of sales in the pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulgaria's National Health Strategy is set to ensure "the best possible health for people with disabilities." Access to health services for people with disabilities can be restricted, leading to non-disability health inequalities. They have the right to equal access to health care, including prevention-based health care, as well as specific quality health services. Creating conditions for achieving the best possible health of people with disabilities has a key role in improving their quality of life and guaranteeing their rights, incl. nondiscrimination on the grounds of "disability". The policy is based on the preventive approach to prevent the occurrence of injuries by influencing the causes of their occurrence. According to the World Health Organization, some 285 million people live with a visual impairment: 39 million are blind and 246 million have moderate to severe visual impairment (1). Unhealthy modern lifestyles and an aging population are leading to an increase in the number of people with complete or partial blindness. According to recent studies, over 80% of all visual impairments can be prevented or cured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]