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С целью оценки медико-социальной характеристики была проведена выкопировка сведений из учетных форм № 003/у на 820 пациенток от деления патологии беременности, преодолевших бесплодие с помощью вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ). Установлено, что среди пациенток доля женщин позднего репродуктивного возраста была в 2,1 раза выше, чем раннего, а доля женского бесплодия составила 77,5 %. У пациенток позднего репродуктивного возраста был достоверно выше не только возраст постановки диагноза бесплодия (32,50 ± 0,21 года и 26,96 ± 0,20 года соответственно), но и средний срок, необходимый для достижения положительного результата лечения бесплодия с применением ВРТ (7,01 ± 0,08 года и 4,74 ± 0,07 года). Несмотря на то что у большинства пациенток диагноз «женское бесплодие» был поставлен в возрастном интервале 30–34 года (37,5 %), а диагноз «женское бесплодие, связанное с мужскими факторами» — в возрасте 35–39 лет (32,0 %), статистически достоверная разница отсутствует как между средним возрастом постановки женского и мужского бесплодия (30,71±0,22 года и 30,65±0,31 года), так и в соотношении женского и мужского бесплодия внутри каждой возрастной группы. У пациенток 35 лет и старше был достоверно выше удельный вес женщин, беременность которых наступила с четвертого и более цикла экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) (21,6 % против 15,1 %), у которых это была третья беременность и более (32,8 % против 22,9 %), а также вторые роды и более (29,5 % против 9,8 %; р < 0,05). У женщин позднего репродуктивного возраста было в 1,6 раза меньше абортов по медицинским показаниям, самопроизвольных абортов и негативных перинатальных исходов, чем у более молодых пациенток (38,0 % против 62,2 %; р

С целью выявления факторов акушерского и перинатального риска была проведена выкопировка сведений из учетных форм № 003/у на 820 пациенток от деления патологии беременности, преодолевших бесплодие с помощью вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ). Установлено, что более чем у половины пациенток беременность наступила со второй и более попытки применения ВРТ (56,1 %), при этом в большинстве случаев это были первые роды (76,8 %). Удельный вес пациенток раннего репродуктивного возраста составил 67,8 %. Диагноз «бесплодие» был поставлен до 35 лет у 77,5 % женщин. В большинстве случаев это было первичное бесплодие (61,0 %), и у 59,9 % пациенток диагноз был установлен через 5 лет и более отсутствия беременности в условиях отсутствия контрацепции (в среднем в возрасте 30,04±2,72 года). В среднем срок бесплодия у пациенток составлял 6,18 ± 0,19 года. В анамнезе у 41,5 % женщин были аборты. Удельный вес абортов по медицинским показаниям у данной категории пациенток был выше, чем в среднем по популяции, в 15,3 раза, удельный вес самопроизвольных абортов — в 1,5 раза, а удельный вес абортов у первобеременных — в 2,8 раза. Наиболее частыми осложнениями беременности были гестационный сахарный диабет (30,49 %), преэклампсия (25,12 %) и осложнения, вызванные инфекционными заболеваниями во время беременности (20,73 %). Самые распространенные экстрагенитальные заболевания, которые были у этих беременных, — это миопия (40,73 %), анемия (38,78 %) и заболевания щитовидной железы (35,37 %). У 20,5 % пациенток была выявлена патология плода. Наиболее частыми причинами госпитализации в отделение стали родоразрешение с помощью кесарева сечения (44,6 %) и преждевременные роды (25,9 %). При этом естественное родоразрешение наблюдалось только у 15,7 % пациенток с ВРТ. Таким образом, проведенное исследование позволило установить наличие значительного количества факторов акушерского и перинатального риска у пациенток отделения патологии беременности, беременность которых наступила с применением ВРТ, что требует более пристального внимания к течению беременности и родов у них со стороны врачей — акушеров-гинекологов.

Violation of male reproductive health is one of the most urgent problems for scientific research at the present time and is both a reflection of the quality of medical care and an indicator of overall well-being. One of the most difficult for the diagnosis and treatment of pathospermia is azoospermia. This pathological condition manifests itself in the complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate during a two-time examination of centrifuged sperm with a targeted search for spermatozoa. Azoospermia is detected in approximately 7-10 % of all patients with impaired reproductive function. This clinical case clearly illustrates the tactics of differential diagnosis of a patient with azoospermia, and shows the importance of histological conclusion for predicting the effectiveness of therapy and achieving clinical pregnancy. In this case, a testicular biopsy served as a reason for prolonging therapy, and allowed to achieve a clinical pregnancy. Correctly chosen tactics allowed.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) offer hope to infertile couples and are the most common method to overcome infertility and achieve pregnancy. However, the primary objective of ART is not the fact of pregnancy, but safe delivery of a healthy child. Obesity is one of the unresolved problems affecting fertility and reducing the effectiveness of ART programs. Obesity is a comorbidity characterized by impaired lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, increased oxidative stress and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as impaired vitamin and mineral status. The diagnosing of typical metabolic and nutritional disorders in patients with infertility and obesity will enable to develop general recommendations for individual programs of pregravidar preparation. The aim of the studye research was to evaluate the levels of vitamin D, homocysteine, ferritin, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with tubo-peritoneal infertility and obesity. Materials and methods. The study included 53 patients with tubo-peritoneal infertility planning IVF. The patients were divided into two groups, according to the body mass index: group 1 included 25 patients with BMI ≥ 30; group 2 comprised 28 patients with BMI = 18.5-24.9. All patients had venous blood test on an empty stomach to be determined the level of oxidative stress markers (8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), the antioxidant system (total antioxidant capacity), C reactive protein, some indicators of the nutritional status, as well as insulin, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) in the serum. Research results. Patients with obesity and tubo-peritoneal infertility, compared with the patients having normal body weight, presented a special «metabolic status» characterized by the disorder of the nutritional balance, as well as the disorder of lipid, carbohydrate and oxidative metabolism.

Преодоление демографического кризиса остается одной из основополагающих за- дач государственной политики страны, существенное препятствие в решение которой вносит рост среди населения числа проблем репродуктивного характера. При разработке и приня- тии организационно-управленческих мер, направленных на совершенствование процессов предоставления медицинской помощи методом экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО), особое внимание следует уделять изучению мнения врачей — акушеров-гинекологов. В связи с этим по специально разработанной анкете анонимно в 2021 году опрошены врачи — акуше- ры-гинекологи (189 специалистов), осуществляющие трудовую деятельность в медицинских организациях Санкт-Петербурга (24 медицинские организации). В результате исследования выявлены низкие оценки, поставленные врачами-специалистами работе женских консульта- ций (3,6 ± 0,8 балла) и городских поликлиник (3, 1± 0,5 балла). Обращает на себя внимание, что в ответах респондентов на первом месте среди всех проблем в организации медицинской помощи стоит несвоевременная диагностика бесплодия у пациентов (как у женщин, так и у мужчин). Частота таких ответов в отношении пациенток составила 69,1 на 100 опрошенных врачей, а в отношении пациентов-мужчин — 81,8 на 100 опрошенных врачей. Проведенный анализ показал, что, несмотря на широкое внедрение в Российской Федерации ЭКО и его подтвержденную результативность, в настоящее время остаются нерешенными ряд проблем, обусловленных, в первую очередь, ограничениями доступности этой медицинской помощи, а также несоблюдением принципов ее преемственности на отдельных этапах оказания.

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Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an urgent problem that leads to persistent impairment of the quality of life, premature development of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and persistent impairment of reproductive function (infertility). Due to polyetiology, today there is no universal method of prevention, and existing methods of treatment can only compensate for clinical symptoms, but cannot return reproductive function. Timely identification of at-risk patients, their joint management with narrow specialists (reproductive specialist, therapist, endocrinologist) can significantly improve the duration and quality of life of these women.

Введение. На сегодняшний день отсутствуют научно обоснованные данные о проблемах внедрения вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) в Республике Беларусь. Актуальность разработки подходов, организации социологических опросов и обработки данных на репрезентативной выборке белорусов не вызывает сомнения ввиду взаимосвязи социальных установок в сфере репродуктивного здоровья с национальной безопасностью страны. Цель. Обоснование медико-социологического изучения ВРТ у населения Республики Беларусь. Материал и методы. Библиографический анализ заключался в изучении российского и зарубежного опыта оценки социологических аспектов репродуктологии (материалы Springer Link, Oxford university press, The New England Journal of Medicine, The British Medical Journal, базы данных SCOPUS компании Elsevier, платформы EBSCO), а также в анализе законодательства Республики Беларусь в сфере репродуктологии. Результаты. В стране максимально соблюдаются интересы стороны, которая желает стать родителем (суррогатное материнство, донорство). Медикализированный подход к определению методов ВРТ в Беларуси является типичным, как и в других странах постсоветского пространства, для которых характерно классическое (нуклеарное) понимание семьи. Учитывая современные тенденции развития рынка репродуктивных технологий и тех методик, которые применяются в репродуктивных центрах Республики Беларусь, необходимо в законодательной базе предусмотреть правила и возможности применения таких методов, как хетчинг (рассечение оболочки эмбриона), интрацитоплазматическая инъекция сперматозоида, интрацитоплазматическая инъекция сперматозоида после селекции по морфологическим критериям, предимплантационная диагностика. Выводы. Актуальными для Беларуси являются следующие направления: 1) изучение информированности населения Республики Беларусь о ВРТ; 2) оценка социального доверия к ВРТ со стороны населения; 3) разработка технологий формирования позитивных репродуктивных установок в обществе, в том числе при использовании ВРТ.

The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic syndrome, which may, infrequently, become severe and evenly fatal. Although the milder form is more common, particularly among patients undergoing gonadotropin stimulation for assisted reproductive technology, the severe form is rare. Unfortunately, there is currently no available way to predict this syndrome. This article aims develop a method for individual prediction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The aim of the study is to develop a method for individual prediction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, based on socio-biological data, clinical and laboratory examination data and data obtained during ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs before entering the IVF protocol and during ovulation stimulation. Materials and methods. An analysis of 671 treatment cycles under the IVF program was carried out, among which 56 cycles were complicated by hyperstimulated ovarian syndrome. Results and its discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for development ovarian hyperstimulati on syndrome, which we considered in the aggregate with each other. Based on this, a method for individual prediction of the syndrome has been developed. Conclusions. We have developed a method for individual prediction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with a sensitivity 93.9 %.

Adenomyosis is a benign neoplastic process of the uterus, one of the forms of endometrioid disease. The negative impact of this pathology on the outcome of ART programs is associated with impaired implantation and loss of pregnancy in the early stages.We studied the levels of regulatory transport proteins (α2-MG, α1-AT, LF and ALB) and cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ) in the blood serum of infertile patients with grade 1-2 adenomyosis and their influence on the outcomes of IVF programs. The study included 97 women. The main group consisted of 60 infertile patients with grade 1-2 adenomyosis, the comparison group consisted of 37 healthy women with male factor infertility.The embryos were cultured in one-step Irvine medium. The quality of embryos was assessed according to international standards (scale Gardner D.K. et al., 2001). Selective transfer of no more than 2 good quality embryos was performed on the 5th day of development. The effectiveness of IVF programs was assessed by the incidence of clinical pregnancy (CNB) according to ultrasound data on days 21-23 after embryo transfer. The study showed that the immunological profile of some factors of innate immunity: pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, chemokine IL-8 and IFN-γ) and immunoregulatory proteins (a2-MG and a1-AT and Lf) in the blood serum of women with adenomyosis, entering the IVF program, has significant differences from the indicators of healthy women. In particular, they have decreased levels of a2-MG and a1-AT and increased concentrations of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, chemokine IL-8, and lactoferrin. Changes in indicators in response to CVD also differed in patients with adenomyosis and healthy women.Adenomyosis is a benign neoplastic process of the uterus, one of the forms of endometrioid disease. The negative impact of this pathology on the outcome of ART programs is associated with impaired implantation and loss of pregnancy in the early stages. We studied the levels of regulatory transport proteins (α2-MG, α1-AT, LF and ALB) and cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ) in the blood serum of infertile patients with grade 1-2 adenomyosis and their influence on the outcomes of IVF programs.The study included 97 women. The main group consisted of 60 infertile patients with grade 1-2 adenomyosis, the comparison group consisted of 37 healthy women with male factor infertility.The embryos were cultured in one-step Irvine medium. The quality of embryos was assessed according to international standards (scale Gardner D.K. et al., 2001). Selective transfer of no more than 2 good quality embryos was performed on the 5th day of development. The effectiveness of IVF programs was assessed by the incidence of clinical pregnancy (CNB) according to ultrasound data on days 21-23 after embryo transfer.The study showed that the immunological profile of some factors of innate immunity: pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, chemokine IL-8 and IFN-γ) and immunoregulatory proteins (a2-MG and a1-AT and Lf) in the blood serum of women with adenomyosis, entering the IVF program, has significant differences from the indicators of healthy women. In particular, they have decreased levels of a2-MG and a1-AT and increased concentrations of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, chemokine IL-8, and lactoferrin. Changes in indicators in response to CVD also differed in patients with adenomyosis and healthy women.

To date, the question of choosing the optimal treatment for endometrioid cysts in infertile women remains relevant. The ovarian reserve of such women is influenced by both the endometrioma itself and the surgery to remove it. This paper provides an analysis of the literature and an overview of modern approaches to the treatment of endometrioid ovarian cysts concerning preserving or restoring fertility. The endometrioma influence on the ovarian anatomy and physiology is considered. The comparison of the surgical approach with minimally invasive techniques: aspiration, sclerotherapy of endometrioid cysts is provided. Attention is paid to the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology in patients after the endometrioma treatment by different methods.

The effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs in patients after surgical treatment of endometrioid ovarian cyst (EOC) and after transvaginal EOC was compared. The study group consisted of 47 patients who underwent the ART program after EOC puncture, and 48 patients who entered the ART program after surgical treatment of EOC by laparoscopic exfoliation of the cyst capsule using electrocoagulation. The control group consisted of 50 patients with male factor infertility. The results of the study showed that in the group of punctured patients, the timing of entry into ART programs is significantly less than in the surgical treatment of EOC. The number of obtained oocytes, zygotes and blastocysts of good quality is statistically higher in the group of punctured patients compared to the operated patients and is comparable with the control group. The «Baby take-home rate» did not differ in the group of dotted patients and in the control group, while significantly decreasing after laparoscopy.

The aim of the research: to evaluate the effect of transvaginal punction of the endometrioid cyst on the ovarian reserve of patients with infertility. Materials and methods: the study analyzed 65 patients who were planning ART programs and underwent unilateral endometriod cyst puncture with a volume of up to 40 mm, and 69 patients who were operated on in the volume of endometrioma capsule exfoliation with a diameter of up to 40 mm. Before and after the interventions, the parameters of the hormones AMH and FSH, the number of antral follicles (NAF), the volume of the ovary, and the level of the cancer marker CA-125 were evaluated. Results: after the punction, in contrast to the operation, there was no significant decrease in AMH and NAF parameters. The level of FSH also did not change between the punctated patients, while the operated patients showed an increase in FSH from 6.7 ± 0.5 to 9.1 ± 0.4 mME/ml, a decrease in AMH from 2.0 ± 0.3 to 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml, and a decrease in NAF from 8.1 ± 0.7 to 4.0 ± 0.8 three months after surgery. The average values of AMH, FSH, and NAF remained unchanged in the group of punctated patients. Conclusion: it has been shown that cyst punction does not reduce ovarian reserve, in contrast to laparoscopic cystectomy, and can be considered as an alternative approach for women with endometriod cyst planning ART. Puncture and aspiration of the contents of the endometriod cyst can serve as a factor in the rapid onset of pregnancy, which in itself is an alternative to hormonal treatment of endometriosis.

The aim of the research - to study the influence of the reproductive health of parents with a history of infertility, the somatic health of the mother and the course of pregnancy on the health of children born with singleton IVF pregnancy. Material and methods. А retrospective case-control study was carried out. The main group consisted of all newborns from singleton ART born in the Avicenna medical center (Novosibirsk) in the period from 2007 to 2017. (n = 409). The control group consisted of 210 newborns from singleton spontaneous pregnancy, without a history of infertility of parents, whose mothers' obstetric and gynecological history was not burdened (the parity of pregnancies is equal to the parity of childbirth), born in the same period. Results. Children born of ART, despite the multiple factors associated with the somatic health of the mother and the complicated course of pregnancy, have similar characteristics in the main groups of pathological conditions / nosologies with children born in couples without a history of infertility. Conclusion. Comprehensive, interdisciplinary medical support for couples at all stages of infertility treatment, with the timely detection and correction of emerging complications of pregnancy, allows to neutralize the negative factors associated with the reproductive and somatic health of parents, and lead to the birth of children with ART, comparable in the main indicators of health to children, born from a spontaneous pregnancy.

Copyright of Reproductive Health of Woman is the property of Professional-Event Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reproductive Health of Woman is the property of Professional-Event Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reproductive Health of Woman is the property of Professional-Event Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reproductive Health of Woman is the property of Professional-Event Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reproductive Health of Woman is the property of Professional-Event Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective – to evaluate the dynamics of anthropometric indices, hormonal and metabolic indices in infertile women of reproductive age with obesity during the treatment with orlistat. Materials and methods. The study included 30 infertile women of reproductive age with obesity. All patients were prescribed a low-calorie diet (1200 kcal) and orlistat at a dose of 360 mg/day. Anthropometric study, the determination of the hormonal and metabolic levels were carried out before the start of treatment and 12 months later. Results. A decrease in body weight was registered in 18 (60 %) patients from 5 to 21 kg, on average, by 10.42 ± 3.89 kg, respectively, there was a decrease in BMI from 36.77 ± 3.01 to 32.73 ± 3, 02 (p < 0.001). As a result of the treatment in patients, the level of fasting glucose, insulin resistance, the level of cholesterol, TG, cholesterol-LDL, Ka, and statistically significant increase in cholesterol-HDL cholesterol significantly decreased. After obesity treatment, a statistically significant decrease in the level of LH, LH / FSH, IRI, E1 and, conversely, an increase in the level of FSH was detected. In addition, almost 2-fold increase in the level of progesterone was registered (p = 0.020). The frequency of menstrual irregularities decreased from 66.7 % women to 16.6 % (p = 0.007). Desired pregnancy within a year occurred in one patient. Conclusion. In infertile patients of reproductive age with obesity, the use of orlistat in combination with a low-calorie diet for 12 months is an effective option in restoring metabolic processes, reducing body weight and restoring menstrual and reproductive function.

Aim – the study of the polymorphism of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1 genes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) of reproductive age in comparison with women without PCOS. Materials and methods. The study included 188 women of reproductive age. Group I consisted of 94 women with PCOS; Group II – 94 women without PCOS. All patients were subjected to molecular genetic analysis of SNP polymorphisms of the VNTR genes of the pentanucleotide ((tttta)n polymorphism at position -528 of the promoter region of the CYP11A and CYP17A1 gene (-34T>C(MspA1), rs743572) and CYP19A1 (c.-39+15658 C>T, C40824T, rs2470152) using the test system OOO SibNK. The amplification reaction was performed using the Real-time PCR detection system – CFX96, followed by statistical data processing. Results. The frequency distribution of genotypes of CYP11A1 (tttta)n, CYP17A1 rs743572 and CYP19A1 rs2470152 genes in groups of women with PCOS and in healthy women was not statistically significantly (p > 0.05). However, for CYP11A1 (tttta)n polymorphism, there was a tendency for accumulation of alleles with a large number (tttta) of n-repeats in women with PCOS than in healthy women. Typical were VNTR genotypes with 6/6, 6/8 and 8/8 pentanucleotide repeaters. Conclusion. Apparently, in the women we surveyed, the genetic factor did not play a key role in the development of PCOS. Our study may be useful for further meta-analyzes that may allow us to reveal the idea of the pathogenesis of the disease.

Objective. Seventy-seven women who applied to the female outpatient health center for infertility reason in 2016-2018. Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of outpatient charts of women who applied to the female outpatient health center in 2016-2018 for infertility reason was conducted. The diagnosis on presentation was made in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Infertile couples were examined according to the order of the Ministry of Health N 107n of 30.08.12. Statistical data analysis was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel application package. Results. Sixteen patients (20.8 %) conceived, and 21 (27.3 %) – did not conceived. Currently, 21 patients (27.3 %) are in the waiting list to be included in the ART Program or are at the stage of stimulation, 19 (24.6 %) – are at the preparatory stage. Pregnancy resulted in childbirth in 9 women (11.7 %, including twins in 5.2 %), spontaneous miscarriage in the early period – in 1 (1.3 %), non-developing pregnancy – in 1 (1.3 %). Five patients (6.5 %) are currently pregnant. Conclusion. Thus, most women had the tubal-peritoneal factor as the leading cause of infertility, mainly due to past and concomitant gynecological diseases. The use of ART is a justified and effective method of overcoming infertility in married couples, the proportion of positive outcomes of ART corresponds to the average data.

В статье представлены результаты опроса населения, проведенного в Екатеринбурге в 2019 г. (выборка составила 1300 респондентов). Цель исследования — определить степень информированности жителей Екатеринбурга о репродуктивном донорстве и их отношение к разным видам репродуктивного донорства в целом и в связи со спецификой репродуктивного материала. Полученные данные анализируются с помощью теории стигматизации Гоффмана и результатов аналогичных работ зарубежных авторов. Большинство опрошенных осведомлены о существовании репродуктивного донорства и относятся к нему положительно. Уровень осведомленности, как и уровень положительного отношения, зависит от специфики репродуктивного материала. Наиболее известной и принимаемой респондентами технологией является донорство спермы, наиболее спорной — эмбриональное донорство. Более половины опрошенных (52%) считают эмбрион человеком, и 47% относятся отрицательно к донорству эмбрионов. Восприятие статуса эмбриона коррелирует с полом, наличием семьи и религиозными взглядами. Большинство респондентов утверждают, что сами не готовы стать донорами генетического материала, а главным мотивом тех, кто становится репродуктивным донором, считают финансовый интерес. Наблюдается разрыв между общими нормами отношения к донорству, поддерживаемыми абстрактно, и ситуациями личной вовлеченности в проблематику репродуктивного донорства. В последнем случае отношение респондентов к репродуктивному донорству становится гораздо более положительным. Очевидно, что вовлечение в родительский проект третьих лиц этически и психологически неоднозначно, и вместе с позицией вовлеченных в процесс реципиентов требует дальнейшего изучения. Поскольку Екатеринбург, с одной стороны, демонстрирует тренды, присущие столичным городам, а с другой — обладает явной региональной спецификой, полученные данные могут отражать современное отношение к репродуктивному донорству населения крупных городов России.

Objective of research – studies of content and IVF programs outcome impact of certain regulatory and transport proteins: alfa2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), alfa1-antitrypsin (α1-АТ), pregnancy associated alfa2-glycoprotein (PAG), lactoferrin (LF), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP) and cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6 and IL-8), interferon gamma (INF-γ), vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF in blood serum of women with male factor infertility. Materials and methods. Examination was performed of 37 infertile patients with male genesis infertility (out of whom 20 – with primary infertility and 17 – secondary). Parameters under research prior to IVF program entry were compared against the data of 33 healthy fertile non-pregnant women. Infertile patients underwent IVF/ICSI program, resulting in pregnancy occurrence in 14 of them (38 %) and non-occurrence in 23 (62 %). Contents of α2-MG, α1-АТ, PAG and LF were determined by quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoresis with application of research test systems. ALB, TP concentration – by biochemical methods (with bromcresol green and biuret blue). Level of cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, VEGF) was determined by EIA method using appropriate commercial test systems. Results. Serum levels of studied regulatory and transport proteins and cytokines did not have statistically significant difference between groups of healthy fertile women and patients with primary and secondary infertility of male genesis. As a result of multifollicular ovarian stimulation and introduction of final oocytes maturation trigger in IVF programs among patients with male factor infertility significant reduction was identified of ALB, IL-8 concentration and advancement in VEGF on the date of transvaginal follicular puncture as compared to levels of the given parameters prior to program entry. Such changes were characteristic for both the subgroup of women with pregnancy occurrence in IVF program and the subgroup with failed treatment outcome. Conclusion. Absence of significant differences of studied parameters levels in blood serum between healthy fertile non-pregnant women and infertile patients with primary and secondary infertility of male genesis allowed developing a range of reference values of certain regulatory and transport proteins (α2-MG, α1-АТ, PAG, LF, ALB, TP) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, IFN-γ, VEGF) for women under the age of 35 years with retained ovarian reserve. Dynamic reduction of ALB and IL-8 concentration, as well аs increase in VEGF level in IVF program among patients with male factor infertility without impact on outcome of the given programs can be assessed as normal organism reaction in response to multifollicular ovarian stimulation by follicle stimulation hormone agents and introduction of human chorionic gonadotropin as trigger of final oocytes maturation.

Purpose of the study – to conduct the analysis of current data on the effect of insulin resistance on the violation of women reproductive function. Methodology of the study. In the literature review, the following databases were used: Elibrary.ru, Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, HINARY. The words for search were: «insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility». Results and its discussion. 329 publications (1977-2016) were found out. 138 publications corresponded to the search criteria from 2000 to 2016 years. The study analyzed the data on the effect of insulin resistance on the violation of the reproductive function of women. Anovulation and hyperandrogenism, the cause of which is insulin resistance, are the main definitions of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusion. The review presents a modern point of view on the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome at the stage of correction of metabolic disorders, regulation of the cycle and infertility treatment, which is important for proper understanding of clinical problems.

Purpose of the study. To assess the influence of main clinical risk factors on the effectiveness of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) program.Materials and methods. The study included 3,969 IVF programs conducted in the “Medica” clinic of the “Mother and Child” group of companies in Novokuznetsk for 2010–2015. The inclusion criterion was the availability of information on the results of the procedure conducted.Results. The structure of the considered risk factors was identified, their key features were identified: the majority of women who underwent IVF procedure were under the age of 34, inclusive, more than half of all procedures were performed at the first attempt. The main causes of female infertility were: tubal factor, including those associated with chronic endometritis, polycystic ovary syndrome, external genital endometriosis and adenomyosis. In a number of cases, as a concomitant gynecological disease, uterine fibroids have been extirpated, which is not the main cause of infertility, but the presence of which can influence the effectiveness of IVF programs. Statistically significantly more often, fibroids were found in adenomyosis and tubal factors associated with chronic endometritis. A quantitative assessment of the degree of influence of the considered risk factors on the effectiveness of IVF programs was considered, and the influence of both individual factors and their combination was considered.Conclusion. The main factors statistically significantly increasing the risk of a negative outcome of the program are: the age of a woman over 30; repeated attempt at the age of up to 30 years inclusive (in comparison with the first attempt); tubular factor associated with chronic endometritis; presence of uterine fibroids in the tubular factor associated with chronic endometritis; The presence of fibroids in the tubular factor, complicated by adenomyosis.

The review analyzes the publications found as a result of the search in the information bases of the systems: PubMed, Cochrane, Medscape, Medline, femb, e-library, Russian State Library (RSL), devoted to the role of xenobiotics in gynecological pathology. The obtained results indicate that a number of substances related to hormone-like xenobiotics negatively affect the reproductive health of women, pregnancy and labor outcomes, increase the risk of oncological diseases of the pelvic organs and mammary glands.

Background: Thanks to new diagnostic technologies, it is of no doubt that the uterus is no longer considered to be sterile. A disturbed microbiome of endometrium can be a significant reason for preterm birth, infertility, the recurrence of pregnancy loss, and repeated implantation failures in in-vitro-fertilization programs. Aim: Study the endometrial microbiome features in healthy fertile women and in women with multiple in-vitrofertilization failures. Methods: To assess the differences in the endometrial microbiota of 20 women with infertility and experiencing multiple unsuccessful attempts of in-vitro-fertilization and 15 fertile, healthy women, endometrial microbiome was studied using an NGS of 16S rRNA. Results and Discussion: Lactobacillus (29.4%), Comamonas (16.8%), and Mesorhizobium (6.0%) were the most abundant genera in group of healthy fertile patients, and Lactobacillus (33.3%), Ralstonia (7.9%) and Pediococcus (4.8%) were most abundant in the group of infertile patients. The mean relative abundance of Lactobacillus did not significantly differ between groups and comprised 33.3% in the group of infertile women and 29.4% in healthy fertile women. A considerably higher mean relative abundance of bacteria of the genus Brevundimonas and Ralstonia was recorded in the group of infertile women. The fertile women had a statistically significantly higher mean relative abundance of Acidovorax, Brevibacillus, Caulobacter, Comamonas, Delftia, Distigma, Pseudomonas, Schlegelella, and Thermus. Conclusions: The presented data confirm that endometrium is not a sterile tissue despite long-standing concepts concerning its sterility. Lactobacillus are dominant genera; however, there is no absolute dominance of Lactobacillus over 90%. The mean relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the uterine microbiome in fertile patients and patients with multiple in-vitro-fertilization failures did not differ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A search of peer-reviewed articles regarding heat shock proteins (HSP’s) especially HSP 60 and 70 was conducted in this review to understand its role in the development of various complications like miscarriage, preterm birth, tubal infertility and spontaneous abortion associated with chlamydial HSP 60 in IVF, male infertility, preeclampsia, cancer, immune system activation, autoimmune diseases, coronary heart disease, dysregulation of steroidal hormone from the endometrium and its up-regulation in stress response. ELISA, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and affinity chromatography were the most common methods researchers used to determine and separate HSP 60 and antibodies related to it. Heat shock proteins are responsible for normal folding of other proteins and prevent its abnormal folding and cause degradation of abnormally folded proteins, mitochondrial protein transport, DNA metabolism, regulation of apoptosis are their significant functions. HSP 60 is a homologue of bacterial HSP 60 (GroEL) and needs co-chaperonin HSP 10 for its proper functioning. Gynaecological and obstetrical complications were more prevalent in most studies. Pregnant women were mostly affected subjects. Abnormal HSP 60 leads to a high level of unfolded or misfolded proteins, which in turn activate other body systems to produce the clinical outcome. Some researchers stated that there is no association between preterm birth and HSP 60 & 70, chlamydial HSP 60 antibodies trigger tubal infertility, preeclamptic pregnancies has detectable HSP60 as compared to control, GroEL leads to tubal infertility and IVF failure, chlamydial (CHSP 60) activates autoimmunity. HSP60 seropositivity reduces the opportunities of ectopic pregnancy, levels of HSP 60 does not stay constant throughout the menstrual cycle in reference to control, while other opposed these conclusions in their research works. According to some researchers, HSP 60 is a risk factor for pregnancy-related pathologies development, and some other opposed this theory and considered HSP 60 as a safety factor for normal pregnancy outcome, according to this review harmful effect of HSP 60 dominate, in future further high-quality studies need to be done for better understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the number of cases of uterine factors infertility is constantly growing. Unfortunately, the analysis of scientific works is characterized by the lack of data on the improvement of the diagnostic algorithm and the expediency of accentuating the significance of the preconceptional stage. The purpose of this study was to develop sonographic criteria for endometrial readiness for implantation at the stage of preconceptional care in women with uterine factor infertility. The first group included 80 women with uterine factor infertility, the second group (40 women) consisted of patients who entered the IVF program for the first time. The control group consisted of 30 women with normal fertility. Studies of the structure of the endometrium, myometrium and ovarian tissue were performed on a Voluson 760, on the 4th-6th days of the menstrual cycle (according to the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) – consensus of ultrasound description of endometrial changes) and on the 20th-24th days of the cycle. To assess the indirect signs of chronic endometritis the echographic criteria developed by V.N. Demidov et al. were used. The sonographic diagnosis was verified during morphological and immunohistochemical examination. The most common menstrual disorders in women with uterine factor infertility were algodysmenorrhea – 33.3%, algohypomenorrhea –22.2%, hypoopsomenorrhea – 64.4%. Thinning of the endometrium was significantly more often observed in the group with uterine factor of reproductive disorders; one third of patients (33.8%) had dyschronosis of the endometrial echotexture; heterogeneity of M-echo with a predominance of hyperechoic areas was diagnosed in 41.3% of cases. Hyperechogenic inclusions in the basal layer, multiple structures of a linear nature and increased echogenicity were revealed in every fifth patients and hypoechoic uterine contour – in 47.5% of cases. The most significant odds ratio associated with IVF failures and early reproductive loss was found in patients with endometriosis (OR – 5.85; 95% CI: 1.32-13.32), synechiae (OR – 2.27; 95% CI: 0.96-10.16) and polyps (OR – 2.48; 95% CI: 0.84-11.36). It was possible to distinguish the following criteria of functional readiness of the endometrium for implantation: endometrial thickness was more than 8 mm, compliance with the echostructure phase of the menstrual cycle, homogeneity of M-echo, absence of hyper-and hypoechoic inclusions, and full hemodynamics in the vascular pool of the pelvis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective – to study the ovarian reserve and to identify the effectiveness of IVF programs in women of different age categories. Material and methods:. The study included 241 patients from the Department of VRT at the City Clinical Perinatal Center, which inducted superovulation in IVF and PE programs in 2016. All women were divided into 4 age groups. I group up to 30 years were 60 people (25 %), II group 31-35 years – 85 people (35 %), III 36-39 years – 61 people (25 %), IV groups over 40 years – 35 people (15 %). In these groups, the parameters of the ovarian reserve (AMG, the number of antral follicles), the response to stimulation of superovulation (the number of oocytes obtained during transvaginal puncture of follicles) and the effectiveness of IVF programs (biochemical and clinical pregnancy) were analyzed. Results. In the comparative analysis of the AMH level, the low value (less than 1.0 ng/ml) in the IV group was significantly higher (in 24 women – 69 %) in group I (4 patients – 7 %, p

Thoracic hematogenic endometriosis is a rare pathology. A clinical course hasn’t pathognomic symptoms, because of it, the diagnosis is established due to histological study. The article presented two cases of female patients, who were suffering from thoracic endometriosis. They were hospitalized to the department of thoracic surgery of Municipal multifield hospital № 2 in Saint-Petersburg. The first patient had a posterior mediastinum tumor with asymptomatic disease course. The second patient was with recurrent catamenial pneumothorax.

Research objective. Study of the content as well as the effect on IVF program outcomes of certain cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6 and IL-8), as well as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in blood serum and follicular fluid in infertile female with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and tubal factor of infertility. Materials and methods: The study included 68 female patients undergoing treatment for fertility regeneration with the IVF method, among them 31 patients with PCOS, out of whom 16 women (51.6 %) with positive IVF outcome and 15 women (48.4 %) with no pregnancy occurred. The comparison group included 37 women with tubal factor of infertility, among those in 18 (48.6 %) pregnancy occurred and in 19 cases (51.4 %) it did not. The content of IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ was determined by EIA method with application of corresponding commercial test systems («Vector-Best» JSC, Novosibirsk, Russia). Results. The levels of TNF-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in blood serum of the women with PCOS was statistically significantly lower than in the women with tubal factor of infertility, and IFN-γ on the contrary was higher. IL-8 level was below 100 pg/ml in follicular fluid in the patients with PCOS suggests negative IVF program outcome with the probability of 95 %. In tubal factor of infertility the increase in serum level of IL-6 with threshold value over 2.5 pg/ml can serve as a predictor of negative IVF program outcome. Conclusions. The level of IL-8 below 100 pg/ml in the follicular fluid of the infertile patients with PCOS, as well as the increase in serum IL-6 of more than 2.5 pg/ml in the women with tubal infertility can be recommended as predictors of the negative outcome of the IVF programs . When obtaining such results during the IVF program, it is advisable to resolve the issue of delayed transfer of embryos for the purpose of conducting an additional course of immunomodulatory therapy in the framework of preimplantation preparation.

Research objective: Study of the content as well as the effect on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs of some regulatory and transport proteins: (alfa-2-macroglobulin (α2-МG), alfa-1-antitrypsin (α1-АТ), pregnancy associated alfa-2-glycoprotein (PAG), lactoferrin (LF), and albumin (ALB) in blood serum and follicular fluid in women with adenomyosis and tubal factor of infertility. Materials and methods. The study included 89 patients, among them in 31 women the cause of infertility was adenomyosis (as a result of IVF, 12 patients got pregnant and 19 did not), and 58 patients with tubal infertility (24 patients got pregnant and 34 did not). The content of alfa-2-macroglobulin (α2-MG), alfa-1-antitrypsin (α1-АТ) and pregnancy associated alfa-2-glycoprotein (PAG), lactoferrin (LF) was determined by the quantitative rocket ummunoelectrophoresis method with the application of research test systems developed on the basis of research laboratory (RL) of immunology at Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians. The concentration of albumin was determined by biochemistry methods (with bromcresol green). Results. The research revealed that serum levels of alfa-2-macroglobulin, alfa-1-antitrypsin, pregnancy associated globulin, lactoferrin and albumin in women with adenomyosis generally over the group did not reliably differ from such indexes in women with tubal infertility. In the group of women with adenomyosis the low level of alfa-2-macroglobulin (less than 1.75 g/L) and alfa-1-antitrypsin (less than 1.9 g/L) in blood serum was associated with negative IVF program outcome. In tubal infertility negative outcome of IVF program was registered at the reduction in the blood serum albumin level below 41.5 g/L. Conclusion: The revealed changes, namely the α2-MG level below 1.75 g/L and α1-AT below 1.9 g/L in the infertile patients with adenomyosis, as well as the serum albumin level below 41.5 g/L in women with tubal infertility can be considered as predictors of the negative outcome of IVF programs. When these results are obtained, it is expedient to solve the problem of delayed transfer of embryos for the purpose of additional immunomodulatory therapy in the framework of preimplantation preparation in IVF programs.

The dominant role in human infertility has been attributed to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with a leading contribution of urogenital chlamydial infection (UGCI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). the two variants of this pathogen are represented by the wild-type (wtCT) and new Swedish (nvCT) strains containing 377 bp deletion within the cryptic plasmid orf1 gene. Objective. The purpose of the study was investigation of the clinical specimens obtained from the urogenital tract of couples coping with infertility for the presence of genetic material of wtCT and nvCT. Material and methods. Clinical samples (scrapings from the urethra and cervix) obtained from 25 to 41 years old couples (n = 14) were tested for the presence of identifiable wtCT and nvCT chlamydia DNA by monoplex and duplex PCR, specific antigens C. trachomatis in elementary bodies by using immunofluorescence analysis (IFA), while detection of anti-chlamydia antibodies in sera was determined by immunoenzymatic assay (IEA). Results. The nvCT variant with typical deletion of 377 bp within the orf1 gene that belongs to the genovar e subtype E1 was detected in 100% of couples with infertility. The negative results of DNA testing for wtcT were registered in 87.5% of patients from this group, while one individual (12.5%) was likely coinfected with nvCT and wtCT of E1 and D genovars, respectively. The wtCT strains of genovar E (subtypes E1, E2, E6), g (subtypes G1, G2), F (subtypes F1), and K were identified in control group among patients with UGCI. The study revealed difficulties in detection of nvCT by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), IFA, and IEA; data on comparison of the efficacy of these methods are presented. Conclusion. Chronic UGCI in patients with reproductive dysfunctions can be caused by nvCT alone or as result of co-infection with nvCT and wtCT. The negative results in NAAT may not 100% correlate with the absence of UGCI that requires further confirmation in tests allowing detection of all known variants of C. trachomatis.

In presented article the analysis of efficiency of introduction in clinical hospital of algorithm of inspection of patients with the ectopic pregnancy which purpose was improvement of outcomes of treatment and reproductive health of women is carried out.

В обзоре приводятся сведения о причинах хронического эндометрита и принципах его лечения. Отмечается, что пелоиды оказывают выраженное лечебное действие на эндометрий за счет подавления фиброзирующих процессов и восстановления рецептивности ткани. На основании анализа отечественных исследований эффективности лечебных грязей Мертвого моря (ЛГММ) у больных с хроническим эндометритом показано, что после самопроизвольного выкидыша и преконцепционной подготовки ЛГММ (n = 20) спонтанного наступления беременности и ее благополучной реализации удалось добиться в 2 раза чаще по сравнению с группой не получавших лечения (n = 20). У пациенток с трубно-перитонеальным бесплодием, маточной причиной бесплодия (хронический эндометрит) и недостаточностью лютеиновой фазы в различных сочетаниях (n = 118) на фоне лечения ЛГММ (n = 44) отмечено улучшение состояния эндометрия: у 57% пациенток по сравнению с 6% среди тех, кто получал другое физиотерапевтическое лечение (n = 47) (ОШ = 19,3; 95% ДИ 3,0– 11,6). В течение одного года после проведенного лечения наступление беременности констатировано у 39% женщин в I группе и 11% – во II (ОШ = 5,3; 95% ДИ 1,7–7,5, р = 0,004), из них беременность наступила спонтанно – у 21 и 2% (р = 0,014). Лечение бесплодия при помощи экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) прошли 52% пациенток. В I группе беременность наступила у 40% пациенток против 29% – во II (ОШ = 1,7; 95% ДИ 0,5–5,4) и 15% – среди тех, кто не получал никакого лечения перед ЭКО (n = 27) (ОШ = 3,8; 95% ДИ 1,3–6,8).

We have studied the levels of markers of collagen exchange 280 in infertile and fertile patients with chronic prostatitis. All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - sterile (140 persons) and group 2 - fertile patients matched for age (140 people). The mean age of patients was 34 [22; 43]. The median disease duration was 6 [2; 4] years. The control group consisted of 50 healthy men of reproductive age. In the serum samples was carried out determining the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTP) and carboxyterminal of propeptide of procollagen I (CAT). Revealed the effects of the fibrosis processes, as well as excess formation and degradation of collagen type 1 on the development of infertility in patients with chronic prostatitis. This conclusion was also confirmed by the results of the correlation analysis revealed the relationship between the presence of infertility and the level of TGF-β1 (r=0,61 p

The aim of investignation. To study and to base scientifically the effectivity of clay therapy in the complex treatment of infertility on the phone of chronic non-specific salpingo-oophoritis in the patients, living in ecologically unfavorable areas. Materials and methods. Complex study of the main parameters of homeostasis was carried out in the 52 patients with chronic non-specific salpingo-oophoritis in the stage of remission, living in the ecologically unfavorable region of Vladikavkaz city. The treatment of the control group consisting of 25 patients was carried out by traditional medicamental therapy. The treatment of the main group (27 patients) was carried out with the use of clay «Tereklit» in 3 month after medicamental therapy. Results. The use of local curative clays of North Ossetia-Alania, supplies stable curative effect, allowing reliably fuller rehabilitation of reproductive health of patients.

The estimation of medical-demographic processes in the Republic of Khakassia. Studied the main demographic indicators: population, birth rate, total mortality, infant, parental and maternal, indices, characterizing and affecting the reproductive health of the population in the dynamics since 1990.

It was studied the state of hormonal levels in fertile and infertile patients with chronic prostatitis on a background of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The study included 280 patients with chronic prostatitis, distributed into four groups: 70 fertile patients without STIs, 70 fertile patients with STIs, 70 infertile patients without STIs and 70 infertile patients with STIs. The control group consisted of 50 healthy men of reproductive age. It is revealed that in the group of infertile patients with chronic prostatitis with STIs, there are mixed changes in levels of sex hormones. In the group of fertile patients with chronic prostatitis a link between the level of sex hormones with the presence of STIs have been identified.

В статье изложены современные представления о гормональных дисфункциях у женщин репродуктивного периода, пре- и постменопаузы при хронической болезни почек (ХБП), включающих нарушения половой и репродуктивной функции, менструального цикла, снижение фертильности, повышение рисков невынашивания беременности при ее наступлении, а также влиянии почечно-заместительной терапии (ПЗТ) на половую и репродуктивную функции. Нарушения менстурального цикла характеризуются анаовуляторными циклами, может наблюдаться аменорея. В основе гормональных дисфункций лежит отсутствие пиков ЛГ и изменения концентрации эстрадиола в зависимости от фазы цикла, гипоэстрогенемия, гиперпролактинемия. В экспериментальных исследованиях показан нефропротективный эффект эстрогенов посредством влияния на синтез и высвобождению вазоактивных веществ, цитокинов и других факторов роста, которые ответственны за нарушение функции мезангиальных клеток, а также предотвращение действия трансформирующего фактора роста β-1 (ТФР-β-1), играющего роль в процессах гломерулосклероза.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a rather common disease which represents one of the most topical issues of gynecological endocrinology. This review article presents modern data on etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS and provides substantiation for frequent combination of hyperandrogenia and insulin resistance during PCOS. Also, considerations are given to the characteristic clinical manifestations of PCOS and modern approaches to its diagnosis and treatment. The latter includes drugs which affect the neuromediator systems (sibutramine, orlistat), drugs of the insulin sensitizing group (metformin, progestagens or low dose, single phase, third generation oral contraceptives (COC) combined with progestagens), synthetic anti estrogens (clostilbegit) and other medications. The outlook and methods of surgical intervention, as well as treatment tactics during infertility at the backdrop of PCOS, are addressed.

We have studied indicators of oxidative stress (carbonyl derivatives and TBA-active products) and antioxidant protection (activity of superoxide dismutase) at infertile (140) and fertile (140) patients with chronic prostatitis on a background of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The increase in activity of lipid peroxidation was revealed in the serum of infertile patients with chronic prostatitis, statistically significantly dependent on STI. Installed, the presence of mixed infection in infertile patients with chronic prostatitis is the most adverse factor that triggers the development of oxidative stress and contributing to its persistence.

Due to the high incidence of tuberculosis of women of reproductive age research at 270 patients was conducted. The group of research included women with infertility and genital tuberculosis, pregnant women with active tuberculosis of lungs, pregnant women with clinically cured tuberculosis of respiratory organs. Pregnant women with tuberculosis of lungs were more often from sociopathic families, had venereal diseases, HIV infection, hepatitises.

The social status and lifestyle of patients with EGE are characterized by quite a high level of education, a significant percentage of workers and students, residency predominantly in a large city, low percentage of registered marriage and average or low income.

Copyright of International Journal of Endocrinology / Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Endocrinology / Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)