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The article analyzes international acts adopted by the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and European Unions in the field of combating discrimination and anti-discrimination legislation of Ukraine. The article considers the law of Ukraine «Оn the principles of preventing and countering discrimination in Ukraine», which contains a generalizing concept of «discrimination», defines forms of discrimination and lists protected features. It is proposed to fix in Article 1 of this law the definition of the term «protected feat ures». Scientific works of V. Iskovich and V. Galan in the field of studying new types of discrimination and protected features are studied. It is established that the protected characteristics that are enshrined in international acts include: race, skin color; gender; religious views; ethnic origin; language; marital status; political and other views; environmental and other status; place of birth; age; health status; birth of a child; status; availability of property; any form of social segregation; genetic inheritance; economic activity and profession. The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol are studied in more detail. Definitions of the following concepts are considered: «discrimination on the basis of race», «discrimination on the basis of gender», «discrimination on the basis of age», «discrimination on the basis of disability». Special attention is paid to the implementation of the principle of equal rights of women and men in Ukraine. In order to implement UN Security Council Resolution 1325 «Women, peace, security» in 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the National Action Plan for the period up to 2025. In 2022, the Ministry of social policy prepared a draft state strategy for ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men until 2030 and an action plan f or 2022 2024 ם of Ukraine. It is established that the European Court of Human Rights is of great importance for the interpretation of the concept of «protected attribute». The court practice of the ECHR actually expands the list of protected features, which should be taken into account when improving the national anti-discrimination legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing along with the increasing prevalence of obesity. There are close relationships between these two pathologies due to the functioning of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ with a complex influence on various metabolic processes. It is known that premenopausal women are less prone to fatty liver disease than men. The aim was to study the influence of gender, body mass index (BMI) and age on sonographic indicators and the degree of liver steatosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Materials and methods. Ninety-two patients with MASLD were included in the study, 48 women and 44 men. Inclusion criterion was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, exclusion criteria were any non-metabolic factors of chronic diffuse liver disease. Patients were divided into groups by gender and age. Women were divided by age according to the presence and absence of menopause, men were divided into groups below and above 45 years - the conventional age of the beginning of the decline in gonadotropic function. The analysis of structural changes of the liver, namely the assessment of the size, contours, structure, echogenicity, and visualization of blood vessels in the B-mode was carried out with the help of ultrasound examination on Toshiba Xario 660 (Japan). The degree of steatosis was assessed by the controlled attenuation parameter. Results. In men, the right, left and caudate liver lobes were significantly larger (p < 0.05) than in women, which is due to the higher weight of men in the absence of a difference in the BMI. There was no significant difference between men and women in degree of steatosis (p > 0.05). A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.63) was found between BMI and the controlled attenuation parameter; in women, there was no connection between these indicators. Analysis of correlations in women of different ages, divided by the presence of menopause, found that before menopause, there was no dependence of steatosis indicators on BMI, while with the onset of menopause, the coefficient of correlation between these indicators was 0.39 (p < 0.02). Conclusions. No significant difference was found between the frequency of various degrees of steatosis in MASLD according to the controlled attenuation parameter in men and women. There was a dependence of the severity of liver steatosis on the BMI in men, the dependence of steatosis on the body mass index in women was manifested starting from the menopause period, which suggests the protective role of female sex hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age-related changes in the elastic properties of the arterial wall in patients with arterial hypertension increase the risk of CV events. Additional CV risk factors in women lead to gender differences in vascular stiffness. The aim: to determine changes in the elastic properties of the arterial wall in patients with hypertension depending on gender, with considering of the age-related changes. Materials and methods: 258 patients with arterial hypertension stage II were examined: 132 women (55.56±7.69 years) and 126 men (51.75±8.42 years). By age, patients were divided into 5 subgroups (37-45, 45-49, 49-54, 54-58 and 58-69 years). The following were assessed: pulse wave velocity in the aorta (PWVao), central systolic blood pressure in the aorta (SBPao), central pulse blood pressure (cPBP), augmentation index in the aorta (Aix ao) and on the brachial artery (Aix br), PWV index (PWVind), amplification blood pressure (BPamp), pulse blood pressure index (C/B indPBP). Results: In the absence of differences in peripheral hemodynamics in all groups, women aged 49-54 years had a magnification of the PWV by 2 m/s, and, in comparison with men, this difference was 1.65 m/s (p<0.05). Aix br and Aix ao were also superior to men in all groups, and in 49-54 years old, this difference was greatest and amounted to 39 % and 20 %, respectively. At this age, SBPao was also significantly raised in women, with a difference of 15 mmHg relative to men (p=0.038). In all age groups, women had negative values of the BPamp in contrast to men. In women, PWV correlated with the duration of hypertension (r=0.21; p<0.05), SBP (r=0.40), DBP (r=0.35), cPBP (r=0.43), in contrast to men, where PWVao was associated only with the heart rate (r=0.30). Conclusion: In women with hypertension, changes in vascular wall stiffness occur earlier than in men with significant growth at 49-54 years. In women, the elastic properties of arteries are associated with the level of blood pressure and duration of the disease, and in men - with the level of the heart rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, knowledge about the causal relationships between concomitant chronic diseases and the course of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) can make a huge contribution to saving the lives of patients. Determining the impact of concomitant pathology on the severity of the course of COVID-19 will contribute to the identification and assessment of the risk of deterioration of the condition, as well as the implementation of preventive measures in high-risk individuals (vaccination). The aim of the work was to assess the influence of age and sex on the presence of comorbid pathology and the course of the disease in patients who were hospitalized with community-acquired viral pneumonia associated with COVID-19. We carried out a retrospective analysis of the case histories of 260 patients with community-acquired pneumonia associated with coronavirus disease, who were treated in the therapeutic departments of the Covid Center of ME “Dnipropetrovsk regional clinical hospital named after Mechnikov” DRC in 2020-2021. (September-December 2020, January- December 2021), single-center study. All patients included in the analysis underwent general clinical and laboratory methods of research regulated by national recommendations for the management of patients with COVID-19, PCR tests (polymerase chain reaction) for verification of coronavirus disease, CT(computed tomography)/radiography of the lungs. Comorbidity was assessed as the development of the disease before the onset / verification of coronavirus disease according to a patient survey recorded in medical records. One or more comorbid conditions were recorded in 195 (75%) patients. Multimorbidity was recorded in 111 (56.9%) patients from the total number of patients with COVID-19 and comorbid pathology. Analyzing the influence of gender in patients with comorbid pathology, men were significantly more likely to have coronary artery disease (CAD) (p=0.04) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p=0.04). A significant difference in age among hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 was revealed, depending on sex (p<0.001). So at the age of up to 65 years, male patients predominated (60.4%), over the age of 65 years – women (68.9%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of moderate severity and severe course of the disease of COVID-19, depending on age and sex. At the age of over 65, the presence of type 2 diabetes (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), coronary artery disease (p<0.001) and COPD (p<0.001) was significantly more common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to investigate children's burials of the Middle Sarmatian period on the territory of the Northern Black Sea region. Try to determine the gender of the buried children on the basis of the burial inventory in comparison with the adults of the respective burial grounds. Supplement archaeological materials with the help of ethnographic information. Scientific novelty. The article reconstructs the life of children of Middle Sarmatian society based on archaeological, ethnographic and anthropological data. The study of children's burials on the materials of grave sites from the Northern Black Sea region has not been conducted yet. Conclusions. Peculiarities of children's society are considered depending on their age and gender. Babies did not have their own individual property they were buried only in burials together with adult women. At the age of 1-3 years, little Sarmatians stopped feeding with mother's milk. Sarmatians perceived children of this age as separate individuals and buried them in separate burials. Children already have their personal belongings, including weapons. However, it was not possible to trace any gender orientation of these things, according to the available sources, at the moment. Sarmatians already divided children between the ages of 4 and 7 by gender. Judging by the peaks of mortality, it was at this age that Sarmatian children were most at risk. In this group, it was possible to determine that most of the dead children were female. Evidence of children's participation in domestic work was also found. At the age of 8-12, the education of Sarmatian boys was completely transferred to the hands of male society. Meanwhile, girls were actively taught housekeeping, preparing for future marriage. At the age of 12 to 16, Sarmatian teenagers entered adulthood as full-fledged members of both male and female society. Girls from wealthy families, at this age, could have a dowry, with which, in the event of their death, they were buried. Funding. The research was implemented thanks to funding from project Documenting, Recording and Saving Ukrainian Archaeological Heritage by German Archaeological Institute (Deutschen Archäologischen Institut). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that forests in nature conservation areas are of mature and over-mature age, they have a leading role in the production of ecosystem services, in particular in ensuring biodiversity. In the typical sense, at the mature and over-mature age of stands, the growth of live biomass and carbon sequestration almost stops, and the death of trees leads to a negative change in the stock. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ability of over-mature forests to accumulate live biomass under the condition of the formation of multi-tiered and differentage stands. The research was conducted on four permanent sample plots of the Feofania parkmonument, which were established in 2016 and 2017. The method of approximate mensuration was used to study the current growth of ecosystem services. The method of dendrochronology was used to analyse annual rings. The age range of experimental stands is between 80 and 180 years. Experimental stands of all sample plots are characterized by high-level productivity, compared to model data on the productivity of stands in Ukraine and the European part of Eurasia. According to the results of the research, it was established that the biggest current increment of ecosystem services is formed in the uneven-aged stand with the centuries-old common oak trees of the overstory. The results of the research can be used in practice for the management of nature conservation areas and improvement of the management of over-mature forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health Sport Rehabilitation is the property of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) often leads to a decrease in visual acuity, loss of earning capacity and a reduction in the quality of life among elderly and aging patients whose number is increasing due to demographic processes, a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in the proportion of the elderly. Aim: to study the features of age-related macular degeneration progression in patients from Ukrainian population during two years of supervision. Materials and methods. The study included 152 patients (302 eyes) diagnosed with AMD stages 1 (60 eyes), 2 (54 eyes), 3 (68 eyes) and 4 (120 eyes) according to the AREDS recommendations. At the beginning of the study, after 1 and 2 years, the age, sex, smoking status, presence of changes in retinal pigment, subretinal neovascular membrane (SNM) and geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, drusen of various calibers (small, medium and large) were recorded. MedStat and MedCalc v.15.1 software packages (MedCalc Software bvba) were used for statistical research. Results. A late age of AMD development (82.9 % of patients were 60–85 years old) was detected. Patients with AMD stage 4 were nine years older than those with stage 1 (p < 0.001). The ratio of women to men was 3 : 2, which did not depend on age and AMD stage. One third of the patients smoked, and most of them were men (79.2 %). Smoking status caused a more severe course of AMD. The AMD progression was determined by an increase in the frequency of changes in the retinal pigment epithelium, SNM and geographic atrophy whose frequency increased every year (by 5.7–21.2 %). A decreased visual acuity also corresponded to AMD stage and tended to worsen during follow-up. The number of small drusen decreased with the AMD progression and during observation, while the number of large drusen increased. Conclusions. The features of the eye affected by AMD have been determined, with the impact of age, sex, and smoking status being specified; a slow deterioration of visual acuity and an increase in the frequency of ophthalmic manifestations are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The incidence of hemophthalmos (HO), including that in hypertension, is steadily increasing, which makes it necessary to identify and systematize its risk factors. The purpose was to detect risk factors and develop systems for hemophthalmos prediction in hypertension and Terson syndrome. Materials and methods. One hundred patients (200 eyes), 54 women and 46 men aged 30–82 years, with a diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy (HR), and 40 patients (80 eyes), 18 women and 22 men aged 18–75 years, with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were examined. The frequency of HO occurrence was analyzed taking into account gender, age, history of hypertension, level of blood pressure, administration of antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and anticoagulants, the presence of hypertensive crises, and the degree of HR severity. MedStat and MedCalc v. 15.1 software packages (MedCalc Software bvba) were used for statistical research. Results. Analysis of the HO frequency in patients with hypertension showed that the risk factors for HO were an older age (above 50 years), duration of hypertension of more than 10 years, blood pressure at the level of 140–159/90–99 mm Hg and higher, HR stage IV, a history of hypertensive crises, absence of AHD administration. Regular intake of AHD prevented HO. According to the data of the discriminant analysis, the development of HO was mostly associated with the level of blood pressure (F = 180.12), administration of AHD (F = 51.98) and a history of hypertensive crises (F = 34.90). Analysis of the Terson syndrome frequency in patients with ICH showed that risk factors were female gender, non-traumatic ICH, as well as a history of coma and neurosurgery. According to the data of the discriminant analysis, the development of HO was mostly associated with a history of coma (F = 15.99), neurosurgical intervention (F = 9.40), the cause of ICH (F = 7.17) and gender (F = 7.17). A system of mathematical equations and algorithms for calculating the risks of HO in hypertension and Terson syndrome have been developed, which allow, based on the assessment of general clinical indicators, to select patients at high risk of HO for further specialized examination by an ophthalmologist. Conclusions. The risk factors for HO were identified and statistically ranked, which made it possible to create an appropriate prediction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that the preventive administration of cryopreserved cord blood nucleated cells (CBNCs) prior to the onset of desynchronosis may help to correct its negative effects on the body. The efficacy of CBNCs on blood leukocyte indicators in young and old rats (6 and 18 months old) was investigated. Desynchronosis was modelled by shifting the light regime: the duration of the light period was increased by 12 h, resulting in a light period of 24 h. Leukocyte types were determined in blood smears. Integral leukocyte indices were used to assess the state of the immune system. Desynchronosis caused leukocytosis in young rats and leukopenia in aged rats. The number of banded neutrophils increased in both, segmented neutrophils decreased in young rats and increased in aged rats; lymphocytes changed on the contrary; eosinophils decreased in young rats but did not change in aged rats. In young rats with desynchronosis, the predominance of young cells, macrophages, activation of the humoral link of the immune system, auto- and endogenous intoxication, acceleration of hypersensitivity of the immediate type processes, and increased body adaptation were noted. In aged rats, infectious intoxication, cellular link of immune system predominance, and a decrease in allergy and adaptation were observed. After CBNCs injection before desynchronosis, leukocytosis remained, segmented neutrophils and eosinophils recovered, banded neutrophils increased and lymphocytes decreased in young rats. In old rats, the total number of leukocytes, monocytes and eosinophils recovered, but lymphopenia increased. Regardless of age, the cells of non-specific protection predominated; the cellular link of the immune system activated, adaptation decreased and autointoxication was manifested. In young rats, young forms of neutrophils increased, allergy and immunoreactivity decreased, and the affective link of the immune system and macrophage in aged rats was activated. Therefore, after the preventive use of human CBNCs before desynchronosis initiation in aged rats, the total leukocyte content and the number of eosinophils and monocytes were restored. In 6-month-old rats, the content of young forms of neutrophils increased, indicating stimulation of leukopoiesis. The allergy index decreased in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine is going through difficult times of a prolonged demographic crisis. The objective: to study and analyze the age-related birth rates in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine and analyze the birth rates among women who are not in a registered marriage. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, official data from sectoral statistical reporting for 2000–2021 were used in the cross-section of the administrative territories of Transcarpathian region. The research was conducted in four stages. Bibliosemantic and medical-statistical methods and the method of structural logical analysis are used. Results. It was established that the total birth rate in Transcarpathian region during the study period decreased by 16.4% and in 2021 it was 1.534. At the same time, a decrease in the birth rate was registered in the age groups of women from 15 to 39 years, and among women in the age category 40–49 years, a tendency to increase the birth rate was revealed. In the age group of 15–19 years the birth rate decreased by 1.31 times and amounted to 39.6; in the age group of 20–24 years, the birth rate decreased by 1.33 times and amounted to 133.3; in the age group of 25–29 years the birth rate decreased by 1.34 times and amounted to 88.9; in the age group of 30–34 years the birth rate decreased by 1.09 times and amounted to 51.3; in the age group of 35–39 years the birth rate decreased by 1.08 times and amounted to 21.0; in the age group of 40–44 years the birth rate increased by 1.13 times and was 5.2; in the age group of 45–49 years, the birth rate increased by 3.0 times and was 0.3. The rate of children who were born in mothers who were not in a registered marriage increased by 1.8 times in 2021 and accounted for 24.3% of the total number of live births. A uniform growth of the specified indicator was registered both in cities and in rural areas. Conclusions. The results of the study provide a basis for ascertaining the negative dynamics of the birth rate in Transcarpathian region, which will further intensify due to the consequences of the war against Russian aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Дос лідження проведено у продовж 2020–2021 рр. на вівцематках (515 гол.) різного віку харків-ського внутрішньо-породного типу породи прекос(ХТП)та їх потомстві в умовах племінного заводу «Державного підприємства дослідноггосподарства «ГонтарівкаІнституту тваринництва НААН. Дослідженнями установлено, щоза 45 діб, у продовж яких застосовувалось штучне осіменін-ня,запліднюваність овець(ЗП) , розрахована за результатами їх ягнінняв середньому склала 91,8 %. Найвищим показником характеризувалися вівці, які малитретє ягніння 97,3%. За результатами 4-6 ягнінь відзначалася відносно стабільна висока запліднюваності маток – 93,4-95,3 %. Значні відхилен-ня у бік зниження цього показника спостерігалися у вівцематок, використаних для відтворення по першому та другому року та, особливо, у тварин з 7 та 8 і більше ягнінням.Дисперсійним аналізом, було встановлено, що фактор віку вівцематок високовірогідно (р< 0,01) пов’язаний з їх запліднювані-стю, а сила його впливу ŋх 2 складає0,491. Фактор окремих баранів-плідників є також впливовим щодо їх (ЗП). Мінливість, обумовлена впливом цього фактора, варіювала в межах від 87 до 95,1 %.Різна (ЗП) вівцематок, обумовлена їх віком, відповідним чином позначилась на показниках їх багатоплідності (БП), розрахованих на 100 голів, що осіменялися.Цей показник у вівцематок за пер-шим-п’ятим ягнінням знаходився у межах від 113 до 150 ягнят. При цьому простежується чітка тенденція щодо його зростання у зв’язку зі збільшенням кількості репродуктивних років. Разом з цим, ця тенденція не носить прямолінійної залежності та дійсна для тварин з 1-6 ягніннями. Вівце-матки з 7 та 8 і більше ягніннями доволі різко погіршують свою репродуктивну здатність

Acute heart failure and arterial thromboembolism are common complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. These conditions have many common links in pathogenesis, so analyzing the differences between them improves the understanding of the impact of vessel occlusion on the body. In the study, 40 clinical cases were analyzed and two groups were formed: the first – cats with arterial thromboembolism and the second – cats with acute heart failure. The data from anamnesis, clinical examination and echocardiographic examination were collected. Age, sex, breed, weight, temperature, frequency of respiratory movements, signs of dyspnea, presence of pulmonary edema, presence of free fluid in the chest and pericardial cavities were analyzed. The following echocardiographic parameters were analyzed: left ventricular wall thickness, left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, diameters of the aorta and left atrium, heart rate and left ventricular contraction fraction. It was established that the majority of animals from both groups were males. Acute heart failure was registered mainly in young cats (M = 3.7), in contrast to animals with arterial thromboembolism (M = 6.7), (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the values of rectal temperature, weight, heart rate, aortic diameter, and left ventricular contraction fraction. Most animals from both groups had signs of dyspnoea. The difference in the frequency of respiratory movements was significant (P < 0.01). In cats with acute heart failure, pulmonary edema was diagnosed in 85%, free fluid in the thoracic and/or pericardial cavities in 55 %. In animals with thromboembolism, edema was found in 45 %, and effusion in the chest and/or pericardial cavities in 30 % of animals. The established differences indicate that arterial thromboembolism develops in animals that have had heart pathology for a longer period of time, whereas acute heart failure occurs more suddenly in cats [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative clause attachment preferences of female Persian learners of English were investigated regarding their age and modes of presentation (online/offline and holistic/segmented). 50 female native speakers of Persian ranging in age from 15 to 25 participated in the study. The instruments used in the present research included two tests of ambiguous sentences: 1) a grammaticality judgment test, and 2) the main test which was presented in three separate forms: a) offline, b) online complete presentation (timed) and c) online segment by segment sentence (self-paced). This study used the method employed by Kim and Christianson (2013) for determining the attachment preferences of the participants. The results revealed that the participants' age affected the attachment preferences significantly in that adolescents had a clear determiner phrase 1 preference. There was also a statistically significant difference among the three modes of presenting the materials. The findings revealed that learners transferred their attachment strategies from their mother tongue to English, which provided support for transfer hypothesis. The research findings on whether L2 learners can achieve native like patterns of ambiguity resolution is still less than conclusive and findings seem to suggest that L2 learners apply parsing strategies which are less automatized than native speakers and even at odds with some studies reporting no transfer of L1 parsing strategies. Language teachers should make their learners cognizant of relative clause attachment preferences in English to avert their transfer of their mother tongue strategies in determining the antecedents of the relative clauses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from previous studies demonstrate the high frequency of deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in Ukraine, as in the world, which varies depending on the age and gender of the population, the season, the region of residence, and the type of concomitant pathology. The purpose of the study was to assess the vitamin D status in the Ukraine population during 2016-2022 years depending on age, sex, month, and year of observation. In a single-center cohort study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level was analyzed in 7105 subjects aged 20-99 years. The analysis was performed depending on age, sex, month, and year of observation. The mean serum 25(OH)D level in the total group was 30.9 [22.1-41.0] ng/ml, the lowest level was in the age group 90-99 years old and the highest one was in the subjects aged 40-69 years old. 52.7% of the subjects had a sufficient vitamin D level, 27.4% had insufficiency, and 19.9% had a deficiency of vitamin D. No gender differences were found in the serum level of 25(OH)D, except the one for the women aged 60-69 years old, who had higher vitamin D levels compared to males parameters. Seasonal 25(OH)D levels variations indicated the highest values in September and October and the lowest ones in February and March. Additionally, we established the increase of serum 25(OH)D from 2016 to 2021 with the highest values in 2020 and 2021. Our data confirmed a decrease in vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in 2021 and 2022 in the Ukrainian population compared to previous years (2016-2019) and previous studies in the Ukrainian population while maintaining their age-related and seasonal characteristics. It may be associated with an improvement in public awareness of global vitamin D deficiency and its positive skeletal and extraskeletal effects, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to develop an innovative technology for obtaining high-quality organic marble beef. In the experimental farm “Polyvanivka” of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS the cultivation of bulls of the gray Ukrainian breed up to 30 months of age has been organized using fodder which is traditional for steppe zone of Ukraine. The work has been performed according to the research program of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine no. 37 “System of work in populations and conservation of biological diversity of genetic resources of farm animals” (“Preservation of breed gene pool”). The expediency of organic production of high-quality marble beef obtained in the steppe zone of Ukraine from gray Ukrainian cattle has been proven. This breed has such economically useful features as the duration of production use, longevity, high growth energy (stable average daily gain over 1 kg), and the conversion of diet into products (feed consumption is 70–80 MJ per 1 kg of growth) correlating with the age of the animal, slaughter rates (>60%, meat content is >4 kg per 1 kg of bones, hard skin is >30 kg which belongs to the category of bull production). We have found that it is necessary to determine the cattle fatness not by subcutaneous fat which has no dietary value, but by the beef marbling as a sign of its quality which takes into account the presence of intramuscular and intermuscular fat including unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A and D, as well as the amount of protein and moisture and taste and culinary features of the carcass flesh, such as tenderness, juiciness and aroma. This meets the requirements of the consumer. The proposals based on the results of research on technological changes in animal husbandry promote the development of meat cattle breeding and are of great economic importance for strengthening the health of the population and food safety in Ukraine.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be used to facilitate reparative osteogenesis. In the case of critical-size defects, MSC can attach to allogenic bone implants (AlloI) that serve as a matrix. Objective. Analyze the morphological features of reparative osteogenesis in critical-size defects in femurs of rats (3 and 12 months old) when the defects are filled with MSC along with AlloI. Methods. 60 white lab rats, 3 months (n=30) and 12 months (n=30) old were used. Defects (3mm in depth, 3mm in diameter) were created in the femoral metaphysis of each rat, and filled with AlloI in the control groups and with AlloI and adipose-derived MSC in the experimental groups. Each group contained 15 rats of a particular age. 14, 28, and 90 days after the surgery, histological studies were conducted. Results. The area of AlloI decreased with time. 14 days after the surgery, in the experimental group, the area of AlloI was 1.6 times greater in 3-month-old (3mo) rats than in 12-month-old (12mo) rats. In comparison to the control, the area of AlloI was greater 14 days after surgery in 3mo rats and 28 days after surgery in 12mo rats. 14 and 28 days after the operation, the area of connective tissue was greater in rats of both experimental groups than in the control. For the 3mo rats, the same was true 90 days after the operation. The area of newly formed bone was 1.6 times lower in 3mo rats than in 12mo rats 14 days after the operation. 90 days after the operation, the area was 2.3 greater in 3mo rats. For 12mo rats, the highest area of bone tissue occurred 14 days after the surgery, and subsequently did not significantly change or differ from the control. For 3mo rats, the area of bone tissue was lower than control 14 and 28 days after the surgery, but greater than control 90 days after the surgery. Conclusions. The use of MSC along with AlloI to fill traumatic bone defects causes slower bone formation and excessive formation of connective tissue, independent of the age of the recipient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine / Problemy Kriobiologii i Kriomediciny is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Institute for Problems of Cryobiology & Cryomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction, including skeletal muscle dysfunction, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and obesity. The purpose was to assess skeletal muscle status and determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with COPD. Materials and methods. 66 patients with COPD and 35 healthy subjects had been examined. Sarcopenia was established using EWGSOP2 criteria, and sarcopenic obesity was defined in the presence of sarcopenia with a body mass index > 25 kg/m² . Results. In 59.1 % of the patients with COPD, a decrease in skeletal muscle strength was found, in particular, by 28.2 % in women and by 39.1 % in men at GOLD 4 in comparison with GOLD 1 and by 40.7 % and 54.3 %, respectively, compared to the control. A decrease in leg circumference (by 16.3 % in women and by 20.8 % in men) was determined at GOLD 4 compared to GOLD 1. A decrease in walking speed by 20 % in women and by 27.3 % in men was determined at GOLD 4 in comparison with GOLD 1 and a reliable correlation inverse connection between age and walking speed (r = –0.72 — in women and r = –0.61 — in men). A significant decrease in the lean mass of the limbs was established in COPD patients over 45 years old and with GOLD 2, lean and fat mass indices — with GOLD 3, appendicular lean mass — with GOLD 4 and over 60 years old. A direct correlation link was established between the severity of COPD and android type of obesity (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). Conclusions. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 66.7 % of the patients with COPD and 5.7 % of the control group, and sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed in 27.3 % of the patients with COPD. An increase in the share of sarcopenia was observed with age (from 50 % among young people to 91.7 % among subjects over 60 years old) and sarcopenic obesity (from 25 % of subjects under 45 years old to 55.6 % over 60 years old) and with increasing severity of COPD (from 20 % with GOLD 1 to 100 % with GOLD 4 and from 42.9 % with GOLD 1 to 50 % with GOLD 4, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources on the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in cats. Materials and methods. The research was conducted by the method of scientific literature open-source analysis: PubMed, Elsevier, electronic resources of the National Library named after V.I. Vernadsky (1981–2007). Results. Chronic kidney disease is a common reason for cat owners to go to veterinary clinics. The term “chronic kidney disease” has a broader meaning than the more limited and not very specific name – chronic renal failure; it is also used to indicate the preazotemic stage of the disease. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the clinical condition of animals due to progressive decline in renal function. An idea of the pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in the period from 1981 to 2007 is presented. Conclusions. According to the results of retrospective analysis of literature sources for the period from 1981 to 2007, the basis was identified aspects of the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in domestic cats, which have not lost relevance today. The main link during chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of hyperazotemia and, as a consequence, endogenous intoxication of the body, which develops gradually and leads to the death of the animal. The morphological basis of chronic kidney disease in cats is the development of diffuse nephrosclerosis, which is reflected in the results of clinical, biochemical and instrumental studies. According to biochemical analysis of blood, in cats recorded an increase in urea and creatinine, the results of clinical studies of urine showed a decrease in its relative density, as well as the development of proteinuria, the appearance of erythrocytes and cylinders. According to the results of hematological research, anemic syndrome develops due to decreased erythropoietin synthesis. With age in cats, ultrasound examination of the kidneys reveals a decrease in their volume due to uniform sclerosis of the parenchyma: it is determined by its thinning and increased echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined. Although kidney biopsy is the most informative method of diagnosing chronic kidney disease, it has many contraindications, which does not allow its use in the routine diagnosis of nephropathy in domestic cats. Its thinning and increase in echogenicity due to the accumulation of connective tissue components, which is a sign of nephrosclerosis, is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of elderly people is constantly increasing all over the world. They are most often the patients who need orthopedic surgeries like arthroplasty, osteosynthesis and others. It is known that the process of bone regeneration depends on the patient's age. However, certain characteristics of bone regeneration process depend on the age remain unclear, which is important for developing the best strategies for treatment of elderly patients. Objective. Тo identify age-related features of bone regeneration and to establish possible ways of influencing them in order to optimize the bone regeneration in elderly patients. Methods. Literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Inclusion criteria were original experimental and clinical studies in English. The search depth is accepted for 20 years. Results. It has been experimentally and clinically shown that bone tissue regeneration slows down with age, which is more pronounced in women. According to scientific information, this involves two signaling pathways -- Notch and Wnt/β-Catenin, the activity of which is suppressed with age. However, the regulation of regeneration is a cascade of signaling pathways and macromolecules. The expression of growth factors after fracture changes at older age compared to a younger one. In particular, a decrease in the expression of TGFβ-1 was clinically revealed. In addition, in older patients after fracture, an increase in macrophage colony-stimulating factor and VEGF was recorded. It has been experimentally established that a combination of a slowdown in bone tissue regeneration with a decrease in the content of Indian Hedgehog, Sonic Hedgehog, BMP-2, 4, -7 proteins and MMP-9 in bone callus has been established. Among the ways to overcome the delayed bone regeneration in elderly patients can be the use of modern technologies of cell and gene therapy, inhibitors of macrophages, biologically active factors at certain stages of bone regeneration. For cell therapy, it is important to take into account the age of the cell donor because of the high probability of functional disorders in cells from older donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to establish age-related changes of male bone tissue. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by the Department of Clinical Physiology and Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System of the State Institution “D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology by the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”. It involved 342 healthy men aged 20 to 89 years without osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures or any pathology with a confirmed impact on bone tissue, as well as any somatic pathology in the sub- and decompensation. The following methods of examination were used: questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, clinical and instrumental examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by the dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry machine “Prodigy, GEНС Lunar” at the level of the entire skeleton, lumbar spine (L1- L4), proximal femur and femoral neck, distal and ultra-distal forearm bones. Results. We have detected a significant 14.8 % decrease of BMD at the level of femoral neck in the group of men aged 60–69 years, by 20 % in the group of men aged 70–79 years, and by 24.1 % in the group of men aged 80–89 years compared to the men aged 20–29 years; at the same time, at the lumbar spine there was registered a decrease of this parameter by 1.6 % in men aged 60–69 years, by 1.9 % in men of 70–79 years and by 0.8 % in men of 80–89 years, respectively. Among the examined practically healthy men, the bone tissue remained at the normal level relative to age in 67.8 %; osteopenia was detected in 27.8 %, and osteoporosis in 4.4 %. Conclusions. An age-associated BMD reduction was registered at various skeletal sites in the practically healthy men without any clinically significant factors affecting bone tissue metabolism. The most pronounced BMD loss was observed at the level of femoral neck. At the same time, 4.4 % of examined had osteoporosis without any clinical signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Мета. Визначити ступінь впливу незалежних один від одного передопераційних чинників на єдиний залежний чинник - тривалість госпіталізації пацієнтів із гострим коронарним синдромом після екстреної ендоваскулярної реваскуляризації міокарда. Матеріали і методи. Зібрано та статистично опрацьовано дані історій хвороб 40 пацієнтів віком до 60 років (1-ша група) та 40 пацієнтів віком 60 років і старше (2-га група). Методом статистичного опрацювання даних обрано кореляційно-регресійний аналіз. Результати. У пацієнтів 1-ї групи на тривалість госпіталізації впливали (в порядку зменшення значущості): передопераційні показники гемоглобіну та гематокриту, рівні тропоніну І та загального холестерину, ступінь оклюзії коронарних артерій, індекс маси тіла, фракція викиду лівого шлуночка та об’єм післяопераційної крововтрати. У пацієнтів 2-ї групи єдиним фактором, що істотно вплинув на тривалість госпіталізації, був вік. Висновки. Предикторами тривалості госпіталізації у віковій групі до 60 років слугують майже всі включені до дослідження незалежні фактори, тоді як у віковій групі 60 років і старше стійка кореляція характерна лише для фактора віку.

Стосовно матерії та законів фізики на підставі матеріалізації антиречовини в речовину розглянуто галактичний кругообіг органічної речовини, зокрема в Сонячній системі. Посилаючись на Біблію, він показує, що життя тваринного світу є на всіх планетах, але на різних їх рівнях і в різних формах, оскільки основою життя тваринного світу є вдосконалення біологічної клітини вищого світу, яка потрапила в Сонячну систему на планету Плутон і, рухаючись по її планетам, формується та вдосконалюється для самостійного життя поза її межами. Проведено дослідження прикладної науки Стародавнього світу, що зашифрована в Біблії, яка дає можливість розкрити фізичне явище послідовних близнюків, яке науці невідоме і суть якого не розкрито. Життя органічного світу Землі автор пов'язує з основою руху космічної водневої і сонячної вуглецевої матерії, як явищ природи. Зазначено, що воднева матерія, рухаючись з космосу по планетам Сонячної системи, які наділені різною енергетичною густиною, вимушена через життя тваринного світу змінювати свою полярність, рухаючись на Сонце, поставляючи йому водень, як паливо, для його життєдіяльності. Воднева матерія через життя тваринного світу змінює полярність матерії і лише тоді переходить на вищий енергетичний рівень. Вуглецева матерія, як продукт процесу синтезу на Сонці, виноситься квантами світла і розсіюється по планетам своєї системи, утворюючи рослинний світ. Наголошено, що тваринний світ стоїть на вході матерії в Сонячну систему, а рослинний світ – на її виході. Визначено три форми життя людини на Землі та її фізіономічні видозміни залежно від рівнів ядрового наповнення: Земного, Місячного і Сонячного. Доведено, що енергетично немовля в утробі матері живе на водневій космічній матерії, яка поступає на земну поверхню з ядра Землі. На цій матерії живе і розвивається плід упродовж 270 діб. Народившись, людина переходить жити впродовж природних 120 років на вуглецеву сонячну матерію, яка поступає на земну поверхню місячними циклами руху матерії. Вперше розкрито суть третьої форми життя людини на Землі, коли людина із 120-літного віку переходить жити впродовж 1000 років на вуглецеву матерію, але вже не місячними, а сонячними циклами. Розкриваються властивості людини, переведеної у третю форму життя, та її інтелектуальний рівень. Наголошено, що Біблія, як інструкція життя людини на Землі, є священною книгою християнського світу, яка має рішення будь-якої проблеми, а тому дає людям надію та впевненість у завтрашньому дню, захищає людство від прогресу, якого людина побоюється.

Наведено результати дослідження лісотипологічного потенціалу основних лісотвірних порід насіннєвого та вегетативного походження. Виявлено низку відмінностей між темпами росту та продуктивністю насіннєвих і порослевих насаджень основних лісотвірних порід Поділля. З'ясовано, що різниця між запасами дуба звичайного вегетативного походження модальних та оптимальних деревостанів чітко простежується вже у 2 класі віку. Найбільша різниця в запасі проявляється у віці 100 років і становить майже 50 %. Встановлено, що у дубових деревостанах насінного походження різниця між оптимальними та модальними деревостанами найбільше проявляється у 110-річному віці і продовжує зростати до 140 років. Також вивчено лісотипологічний потенціал насіннєвих ясеневих деревостанів. У ході проведених досліджень з'ясовано, що значне зниження запасу модальних ясеневих деревостанів спостерігається у 80–100-річному віці. Підраховано, що у 140-річному віці запас деревини в модальних деревостанах виявився на 170 м3∙га-1 нижчим, ніж в оптимальних. У букових деревостанах з віком відмінності за запасом між оптимальними і модальними показниками значно посилюються і у 80-річному віці різниця становить 100 м3∙га-1. За зведеними даними, середній оптимальний запас для основних деревостанів Поділля становить близько 340 м3∙га-1. Величина фактичного запасу становить 237 м3/га. Відхилення середніх запасів деревостанів становить 104 м3∙га-1 (32 %). Найбільші втрати від недовикористання лісорослинного потенціалу та запровадження неефективних лісогосподарських методів характерне для дубових (50,1 %) та букових (30,3 %) деревостанів. Згідно з отриманими даними встановлено, що основна частка втрат продуктивності деревостанів зумовлена недовикористанням лісорослинного потенціалу (32,04 %). Втрата від інших факторів є незначною і не перевищує 1 % від загального запасу деревини.

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Copyright of Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science & Sport is the property of Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Endocrinology / Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hepatic bile formation under bombesin action (1 μg/100 g body weight, intraportally) was examined in acute experiments on 30 male rats of three age categories: juvenile (body weight 130-175 g), adult (200-250 g) and elder (more than 300 g). Changes in the bile flow rate were recorded and the amount of various bile acids (BA) was detected using thin layer chromatography/densitometry. Bombesin caused the increase of the bile flow rate in juvenile and adult rats without any effect on it in old animals. The concentration of free bile acids increased in juvenile and adult rats and decreased in old animals. This peptide stimulated secretion of taurocholic and glicocholic acids in adult and aged rats but had no effect on the secretion of tauroconjugated dihydroxycholates. Secretion of dihydroxy bile salts conjugated with glycine was more potently enhanced by bombesin in adult rats but in the elder group this parameter dropped below the control. Bombesin had a lower effect on the BA secretion in aged rats but its influence on the juvenile animals was bidirectional. In this group the peptide stimulates free bile salts formation and, without affecting de novo synthesis, inhibits BA conjugation with amino acids in aged group. Bombesin activated classic pathway of BA biosynthesis in juvenile rats and suppressed it in aged animals. The data obtained demonstrate that different effect of bombesin on bile acids content in rats of different age could change biliary lipid-solubilizing capacity under age related damage of the gut with impairment of normal bombesin release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease puts an individual at a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death. Coronary artery calcium score reflects the accumulation of calcium in the walls of the coronary arteries and a higher coronary artery calcium score is associated with lower survival rates. It is unclear if control of conventional risk factors is enough to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and coronary artery calcium score in the Ukrainian population differs by sex, age, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of patients who underwent measurement of coronary artery calcium score at Dnipropetrovsk Mechnikov Regional Hospital, Dnipro, Ukraine. Inclusion criteria: age >40 years old, available data about coronary artery calcium score and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Exclusion criteria: the presence of known cardiovascular disease, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min and extreme coronary artery calcification (coronary artery calcium score >1500 Agatston units). 137 patients (54 males and 83 females), median age 59.0 [54.0;67.0] years were enrolled in the study. In the patients with lower eGFR there was non-significantly higher coronary artery calcium score (p=0.07). In males with eGFR ≥90 ml/min, 60-89 ml/min, and 30-59 ml/min coronary artery calcium score didn’t differ significantly, while in females a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate was associated with a higher coronary artery calcium score. A lower estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly associated with a higher coronary artery calcium score in the patients with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (p=0.04), but not in patients with diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. In the patients with total cholesterol <5.0 mmol/l and ≥5.0 mmol/l coronary artery calcium score tended to be higher in the patients with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. A lower estimated glomerular filtration rate in our study was associated with a higher coronary artery calcium score in females, patients aged ≥55 years old and in patients with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Annals-XXI / Ekonomìčnij Časopis-XXI is the property of Institute of Society Transformation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The purpose of the study is to determine the reference intervals of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) in the blood serum of healthy males and females of various ages, residents of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study included 4754 individuals aged 20-89 years (4123 women (mean age 59.6 ± 13.6) and 631 men (mean age 49.5 ± 16.3)). All participants were divided into 7 groups by the age decades (from 20 to 89 years), and three groups of 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 year-olds were additionally divided into the subgroups by five years. Furthermore, the patients were divided according to the gerontological classification of age into 4 groups: young - 20-44 years, middle-age - 45-59 years, elderly - 60-74 years, and old - 75-89 years. The blood serum β-CTX concentration was determined by ECLIA electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the cobas e 411 analyzer. Results. We have detected significant effect of age on serum β-CTX variability: a significant increase in β-CTX levels in women (F = 15.48, p < 0.00001), and a decrease in men (F = 11.73, p < 0.00001) with age. The significantly lower levels of β-CTX were found in the women aged 20-29 (F = 35.68, p < 0.00001) and 30-39 years (F = 19.47, p = 0.00001) compared to the men of similar ages. However, the women of 65-69 years (F = 10.50, p = 0.001) had a significantly higher serum β-CTX levels compared to men of the same age group. Conclusions. The serum β-CTX levels have been associated with age: in men they are decreasing significantly with age, in women - significantly increasing. In the young men aged 20-44 years and women aged 65-69 years, the β-CTX concentration was significantly higher compared with that of the opposite sex subjects of a similar age. The findings on β-CTX serum levels in the practically healthy men and women of various ages, who are residing in this country, may be used as the reference intervals for the Ukrainian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminalization of acts related to human sexual activity is influenced by many factors including those which require that the State comply with the international legal obligations assumed. In recent years, there has been a trend in the European legal space towards unification of legislation with regard to determining the causes for criminal liability for crimes in this area. The approaches developed by the Council of Europe within the Istanbul and Lanzarote conventions have been perceived by the national legislator, and this resulted in a major update of Section IV in the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (Ukraine's CC) in 2017-2018. The article is focused on critical reflections on how the Convention's concept of "age of sexual consent" is implemented in Ukraine today, and aims at clarifying the prospects of this criterion for determining the boundaries of criminal behavior in the area of sexual activity, particularly, in the context of how the provisions of the mentioned conventions correlate. It is proven that the method introducing the "age of sexual consent" concept which is inherent in the current Ukraine's CC is characterized by a number of drawbacks, among them: 1) although the established gradation of victim's age allows differentiating criminal liability for acts of sexual nature committed with regard to children, it does not stem from article 18 of the Lanzarote Convention; 2) the age of 14 prescribed by part 4, article 152 and part 4, article 153 of Ukraine's CC does not look indisputably optimal. The 16-yearold age criterion, which appears in part 1, article 155 of Ukraine's CC, also lacks proper substantiation; 3) the use of the term "natural or unnatural sexual intercourse" in part 1, article 155 of Ukraine's CC not only breaches the rule of unity of legal terminology within section IV of the Special Part of Ukraine's CC, but is also inconsistent with the Convention's cross-cutting concept "sexual activities with a child"; 4) contrary to the opinion of developers of the respective bill, there is no reason to believe that the updated article 155 of Ukraine's CC ensures implementation of article 18 of the Lanzarote Convention on the establishment of "the age of sexual consent". Since the previous version of part 1, article 155 of Ukraine's CC and the current version of this criminal law provision describe different types of behavior, there is no legal continuity between them; 5) although articles 152 and 153 of Ukraine's CC, which have been updated according to the Istanbul Convention, embody the analyzed concept, they take no account of the requirement of part 3, article 18 of the Lanzarote Convention regarding the impact on criminal liability for sexual activity of the difference in age of participants in such activities. It is established that according to the main trend observed in the area under study, which has been reflected in the Istanbul Convention as a more modern document as compared with the Lanzarote Convention, criminal liability is imposed for any sexual behavior in the absence of the victim's voluntary consent. This makes it possible to put forward a doctrinal approach for professional discussion - the approach which consists in abandoning a direct (textual) reflection of the "age of sexual consent" concept in Ukraine's CC. The point is that in this case the sense of the criminality-forming indicium is not that the victim is under a certain age determined by law, but that the victim's voluntary consent is lacking, as is typical of sexual abuse in the meaning of the Istanbul Convention. The author shows that this would allow, inter alia, taking into account the legal assessment of sexual intercourse with a minor and other sexual penetration into the body of such a victim, which is traditional for the national judicial practice and is based on the use of the concept of mental helplessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The purpose of the study is to determine the serum level of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) in healthy men and women of various ages. Materials and methods. The study included 1,568 individuals (1,422 females and 146 males, aged 20-89 years (mean age 60.36 ± 13.68 yrs). All patients were divided into 7 groups, by decades and according to the gerontological age classification: young age – 20–44 yrs, middle age 45–59 yrs, elderly 60–74 yrs, and old 75-89 yrs. During the study, we examined the effect of such demographic characteristics, as age and gender, on serum PINP level, using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay ECLIA on the cobas e 411 analyzer. Results. We have detected no significant effect of age on the serum variability of PINP in females (F = 1.453, p = 0.19). However, we observed a significant decrease of PINP level in the female age groups of 40–49 yrs (47.74 ± 21.31, p = 0.02), 60–69 yrs (49.76 ± 25.75, p = 0.03), 70–79 yrs (50.49 ± 26.71, p = 0.04), compared with the age group of 20–29 yrs (58.67 ± 27.46). The regression analysis revealed a significant decrease of PINP level with age in young women and men (20–44 years). When comparing serum PINP level in the oldest age group (80-89 years), we detected its increase in women (55.20 ± 28.38 ng/ml), compared with the 70–79 years group (50.49 ± 26.71 ng/ml), and its decrease in men (54.87 ± 28.24 and 39.16 ± 12.46 ng/ml, respectively). In men, we revealed significant effect of age on the serum variability of PINP (F = 3,077, p = 0.007). Conclusions. The regression analysis showed a significant decrease in PINP level with age in men and women of 20-44 years. In men, we detected a significant effect of age on the variability of serum PINP level. A comparison of serum PINP levels in the oldest age group of 80-89 revealed its increase in women, compared to the 70–79 age group, and decrease in men. The obtained results may be used as reference values for PINP level in serum among representatives of the Ukrainian population of various ages and sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In acute experiments on different age group of 30 white wild-type rats: juvenile (weight 130–175 g), mature (weight 200–250 g) and old (weight 300 g and more) we were investigated the changes in the volume rate of bile secretion with cyclooxygenase inhibition by acetylsalicylic acid (100 mkg/kg weight of animal) which is a blocker of the prostaglandin synthesis enzyme. We were explored the changes of the level of choleresis and bile biochemical components by thin-layer chromatography In vivo. The relative abundances of cholecycle, henodeoxycholic, taurocholic and glycocholic bile acids in the liver of rats were determined by chromatography, with the subsequent densitometry. The biliary acid flow rate was calculated as the sum of the bile acid concentration multiplied by the volume of secreted biliary in one relevant thirty-minute sample. The conjugation coefficients were calculated for each thirty minute sample. Reduction of bile secretion by endogenous prostanoids was shown, because inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis caused the hypercholeresis on 42–112,5 % in different rat age groups, compared to control. Endogenous prostaglandins suppressed the processes of conjugation in old and juvenile age group on 117–189,1 %, in contrast these regulators have no significant effect on bile acids association with glycine and taurine in mature rats. The binding of endogenous prostanoids probably increased the conjugation processes in juvenile rats, whereas in the old experimental group acetylsalicylic acid was significantly reduced by 123 % on average. Analysis of changes in free and conjugated bile acids in the rats of different age groups showed that the ratio of qualitative changes in structure of the liver bile in rats with the cyclooxygenase blockade is mainly due to enhanced synthesis of free bile acids de novo. Therefore, endogenous prostanoids affect in the opposite way. There are have multi-directional impact on bile secretion in different age groups of rat that means ambiguous role of these drugs in liver function regulation at different stages of ontogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychology & Psychosocial Interventions / Psihologìâ ta Psihosocìalʹnì Intervencìï is the property of National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Faculty of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pocki is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Endocrinology / Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The efficiency of the hatchery is determined by the quality indicators of the hatching eggs and the technology of incubation. Therefore, studies aimed at determining the optimal quality indicators of hatching eggs and technological solutions for their incubation are relevant. Eggs of hens of the meat cross Kobb-500 at the ages of 26-, 37-, 48-, 51- and 63 weeks were incubated a􀅌er their pre-incubation storage for 4, 5, 7 and 8 days. Depending on the age of the hens were found the significant variation of the level of fertilization of eggs. The highest level (95,5 ... 96,5 %) of fertilization of eggs was established at the incubation of eggs of hens at 37 weeks of age. A significant decrease was observed in the 63-week-old hens. It was found that with an increase of storage term of hatching eggs, the level of hatchability of eggs and chicken hatching decreases. Depending on the age of the hens, a variation in these indicators was noted. The highest level of hatchability of eggs of 26-week-old hens was established during their storage at 5 and 8 days (90.6 and 90.3%). The level of hatchability of eggs of 37-51 week-old hens varies within 86,4 ... 95,47%. The highest values of this indicator were set at incubation of eggs of 37-48 week-old hens. For poultry at the end of productive use (63 weeks), the hatchability egg rate is lower - 86.4 ... 90.9 %. As for the variation of the index of hatchability depending on the storage terms, for each age group the difference was 2.32 ... 3.96%. There was no decrease in the rate of hatchability with an increase in storage terms from 4 to 8 days. This demonstrates the feasibility of storing eggs throughout this period. When incubating eggs obtained from a young hens, the number of "dead-in-shell" and "late dead" is higher in comparison with other experimental groups. When incubating eggs obtained from hens at the age of 51-63 weeks, the number of weak chickens increases (up to 1.99%). This is especially evident when extending egg storage to 7-8 days. Therefore, when assessing the incubation quality of eggs of the specialized meat cross "Cobb-500" with a storage term of 4-8 days the age of the parent stock is decisive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic impact on the environment leads in most cases to forest systems degradation; therefore there is a need for the forest science development towards a balance finding between forest's ecological functions and economic effect from stands. Introduced species are of great importance in this respect, especially if they are dominated by native tree species. Feasibility of diverse use of black walnut fruits and wood, the urgency of searching for tree species, which are resistant to negative impacts associated with climate change, the issue of increasing pests and diseases resistance encourages scientists to an in-depth study of the questions on the possibilities of black walnut cultivation in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Taking into account the previous experience of black walnut growing in this region and its prospects, we have decided to study more thoroughly the first stage of high-yielding stands restoration, which involves forest stands development. The study included several stages, in particular: studying of black walnut growing experience, seeds quality inspection, sites selection according to forestry scientists recommendations for this species conditions, test plots establishment using plant growth regulators with the definition of the most effective ones and identification of optimal doses of their application. To study the influence of plant growth regulators on the growth and development of black walnut plants we used preparations of N-oxide pyridine derivatives and their compositions with the biological preparation of Ecostim-1. Bleached were the seeds of black nuts, which had a tight germ of milk-white or cream color. The quality of samples was 99%. The best results in the first year of autumn growth were obtained using growth regulators of group 1. In the group 1 percent of liveliness varied from 73% to 93% in June and from 77% to 90% in October. On the control site the survivability is 69%. Comparing the height of black walnut tree seedlings, determined in spring and autumn, it should be emphasized that the increase of seedlings height of black walnut was proportional - the highest plants of the spring period remained the same in the autumn period. In autumn the seedlings grown using growth regulators D5S, D11S, D13S, D16S, D20S, D21S, DGK6, DGUR had the height of more than 90 cm. In the control area the height of the black walnut plants in the spring period was 20 cm, and in the autumn it was 76 cm. Having determined the average diameter of the plants at the height of the root collar, we obtained the best results using D5S, but there are no significant fluctuations on this indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractures of the femur are the most severe in terms of medical and social consequences among injuries of bones of the lower extremities. An epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of fractures of the proximal femur (PHB) and the factors leading to their occurrence is the basis for planning of preventive measures and treatment in the elderly and senile. Objective: to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the epidemiological situation regarding PHB fractures in Kharkov residents. Methods: the incidence of PHB was evaluated as a part of an epidemiological study in the population of Kharkov according to 5 medical institutions for 6 years -- from 2011 to 2016. 3.949 patients were included in the analysis. Results: there was a sharp increase (from 5 to 12%) in the number of PHB fractures after 50 years, after 60 -- almost to 20%. The majority of patients (60%) were in the age group 71 years and older. With an increase in age, PHB fractures with damage to the neck were more often recorded. Until the age of 60, more often men turned to medical institutions for injuries of PHB. But after 60 years, the number of women with these fractures increased and by the age of 70 was 1.9 times more than men (p < 0.001). Most elderly patients had concomitant diseases (mainly cardiovascular disease and hypertension), which should be considered when choosing treatment tactics. Conclusions: the occurrence, treatment and prevention of fractures of the proximal femur is an acute medical and social problem. The risk of fractures increases with age, and treatment in elderly patients is usually complicated due to the presence of comorbidity. The results of an epidemiological study can help create the basis for the development in Ukraine of a regional program for the prevention and treatment of patients with PHB fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]