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The Eragrostis pilosa complex (Poaceae) comprises five widely distributed and regionally invasive species—E. albensis, E. amurensis, E. imberbis, E. multicaulis, and E. pilosa, distinguished by tiny and variable morphological characters and with so far unknown phylogenetic relationships. Recently, some doubts have been raised about the status of an invasive glandular morphotype occurring in Central Europe assigned either to E. amurensis or to E. albensis. Here, we addressed this issue by analysing morphology, internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and five inter-simple sequence repeat markers. The genetic evidence supported closer relationship of this glandular morphotype to eglandular E. albensis, widely established in Central Europe, than to glandular E. amurensis described from Asia. We propose to adopt a new taxonomic treatment that E. albensis includes both eglandular and glandular individuals, and to classify the glandular ones as E. albensis var. scholziana M. Nobis & A. Wróbel var. nova. Currently this new taxon is known from a dozen of localities in Central Europe and is invasive in the lower section of the Oder River valley, whereas Eragrostis albensis var. albensis has already spread widely across Europe in riparian phytocenoses and anthropogenic habitats. Since probably the first registered records in 1940s, it has been observed in European part of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, and its further invasion is likely to proceed. We provided distribution maps concerning spread dynamics of E. albensis in Europe from 1947 to 2020. In total, the species has been observed on over 1300 localities so far, most of which were found after 2000.

The article considers the peculiarities of the legal regulation of introduction. The basis for research in this area is that among the anthropogenic factors that negatively affect the structural elements of the ecological network, biological and landscape diversity in general, at the present stage should be noted scientifically unsubstantiated introduction of individual flora and fauna. That is why the legal regulation of these relations and the consolidation of both a clear terminological apparatus and a proper legal mechanism for their implementation, which will allow the national legislation to regulate the introduction of all kinds, is becoming relevant. This article outlines the provisions of national and international legislation in this area, as well as the meaning of the terms "introduced species" and "invasive species" and their relationship in terms of law. The legal classification of introduction is given, its value for legal standardization of ecological relations is revealed. The author substantiates the need to develop a single categorical-conceptual apparatus for regulating relations in the field of implementation of all natural objects. This work becomes especially relevant given that today among scientists there is no single approach to the relationship we are considering, moreover, there is no independent research in this area. It is established that relations in the field of introduction occupy a special place in environmental legislation, as they can be considered in the context of the use and reproduction of natural resources, as well as the protection of biological diversity and the environment as a whole. Equally important, the legal regulation of the introduction depends not only on the introduced objects, but also on the purpose and method of introduction (for example, to regulate the number of objects of fauna, flora, aquaculture or introduction to reproduce forests, etc.)., Рассмотрены особенности правового регулирования интродукции. Определены положения национального и международного законодательства в этой сфере, а также содержание терминов «интродукция» и «инвазивные виды» и их соотношение с точки зрения права. Приведена правовая классификация интродукции, раскрыто ее значение для правового нормирования экологических отношений. Обоснована необходимость выработки единого категориально-понятийного аппарата для регулирования отношений в сфере осуществления интродукции относительно природных объектов., Розглянуто особливості правового регулювання інтродукції. Окреслено положення національного й міжнародного законодавства у цій сфері, а також зміст термінів «інтродуковані види» й «інвазійні види» і їх співвідношення з точки зору права. Наведено правову класифікацію інтродукції, розкрито її значення для правового унормування екологічних відносин. Обґрунтовано необхідність вироблення єдиного категоріально-понятійного апарату для регулювання відносин у сфері здійснення інтродукції щодо всіх природних об’єктів.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the legal terminology of objects of fauna, which negatively affect the environment. The categories of animals that can exert such a negative influence are considered. The meaning of the terms "harmful organisms", "pests", "harmful animals" and their correlation in national legislation have been determined. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the application of the division of animals into useful and harmful.The author investigated that faunistic legislation contains rules governing the number of objects of fauna, first of all, it concerns harmful hunting animals. At the same time, there are animals that are classified as harmful organisms and directly to pests of animal origin, as well as alien species, which may have certain invasive properties and pose a threat to the environment. Taking into consideration the spread and increase of species diversity of invasive alien species of animals throughout Ukraine, the issue of legal regulation of these processes was investigated. International legislation in this field has been investigated as well as the peculiarities of the use of the term "invasive alien species".It is noted that national legislation has relevant rules governing relations in this field, but the concepts differ, which are used to refer to fauna that affect or may adversely affect the environment. That is why the article discusses in more detail some of the main types of such objects, as well as their legal support. In this connection, the author suggested some directions of improvement of the current faunistic legislation., Рассматриваются особенности юридической терминологии объектов животного мира, негативно влияющих на окружающую среду. Исследуются категории животных, которые могут осуществлять такое негативное влияние. Раскрывается значение терминов «вредные организмы», «вредители», «вредные животные» и их соотношение в национальном законодательстве. Учитывая распространение и увеличение видового разнообразия инвазивных чужеродных видов животных на всей территории Украины, исследуется вопрос правового регулирования этих процессов., Окреслено особливості юридичної термінології об’єктів тваринного світу, що негативно впливають на довкілля. Розглянуто категорії тварин, що можуть здійснювати такий негативний вплив. Розкрито значення термінів «шкідливі організми», «шкідники», «шкідливі тварини» та їх співвідношення в національному законодавстві. З огляду на поширення і збільшення видового різноманіття інвазійних чужорідних видів тварин на всій території України, досліджено питання правового регулювання цих процесів.

География XXI века: наука и практика : материалы республиканской научно-практической конференции, посвященной 25-летию кафедры географии ВГУ имени П. М. Машерова, Витебск, 27 ноября 2015 г. - Витебск : ВГУ имени П. М. Машерова, 2015. - С. 74-76., В Беларуси, как и в других странах Европы, глобальное изменение климата является причиной изменения видового состава флоры и фауны, сокращения ареалов бореальных и расширения ареалов лесостепных и степных видов.