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The present study aims to develop scenario projections for the territorial distribution of farms in Bulgaria spanned between 2020 and 2030. It will mark important stages of the modern development of agriculture, which is within direction of prioritization designated into integrating the measures related to climate change and protection of environment setup in the Green Deal. On the one hand, the study is interesting because it works with a proportional extrapolation method through which projections are made in three scenarios. On the other hand, it illustrates the feasible future distribution of farms in Bulgaria in rural and non-rural areas driven by the effects of the Green Deal. The effects and impact of the Green Deal specifically on the number of farms was made on the basis of a literature study and a expert judgment method. The results of the research show that the number of farms will experience an apparent change in the direction of reduction, and probably it will not be with the same intensity, both due to the multiple factors that may appear meanwhile as well as in terms of territorial dimensions between separate municipalities. The number of farms in the country is expected to go down, and between 2010 and 2020 the decline is estimated up to 64%, whereas by 2030 without the effects of the Green Deal it is expected to reach a decrease by another 43% in the Statius-quo scenario, and because of the Green Deal, this percentage may aggravate additionally by between 1,7 – 5,7% until 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Статья посвящена рассмотрению и описанию концепта «to be or not to be» в пьесе У. Шекспира «Гамлет, принц Датский». Это художественный концепт, выраженный сочетанием, устойчиво ассоциирующимся с конкретным произведением английской литературы XVII века. Концепт «to be or not to be» указывает на двойное и противоположное свойство одного и того же состояния – бытия/небытия. Ввиду того, что это противоречие является сутью трагедии принца Датского, Гамлета, этот концепт является центральным концептом драмы У. Шекспира. Кроме того, жанр драмы подразумевает динамику развития концепта от события к событию, то есть анализ концепта должен происходить в логике и динамике развития событий пьесы. Это обусловило применение к анализу концепта «to be or not to be» методики событийно-действенного анализа пьесы и композиционно-стилистического анализа текста монолога Гамлета. Тогда признаковой структурой концепта как символа двоемирия становится система, формируемая из ответов на вопросы: в каких событиях проявляется «двоемирие»? какими характеристиками обладает «двоемирие»? Ядром концепта является следующий смысл: это состояние сознания, которое осознает свою двойственность, одновременное существование в двух измерениях – «быть или не быть»; момент, в котором сознанием улавливается «квантовое» состояние мира, из которого лишь решением наблюдателя он становится другим: состояние жизни меняется на состояние смерти или наоборот. Концепт «to be or not to be» проанализирован в процессе познания текста, вписанного в литературно-философскую европейскую традицию XVII века, при помощи событийно-действенного анализа жанра трагедии, принятого в русском психологическом театре. В ядро концепта помещен чувствующий человек и его когнитивная деятельность сложной динамики.

The research aims to make a scenario analysis that will show what changes, perspectives and trends would be expected in the development of organic farming (OF) in our country, related to the change of main factors, mechanisms and means of support in the policy and with the objectives of the EU Green Deal. The study of the scenarios in the organic farming sector, their evaluation and the measurement of the probability that each of the options will happen is indicative of the future development of this sector, of the opportunities and prospects for it. It follows a quantitative approach to measure the possible changes in the organic farming sector. It is based on and is part of the work on the research project “Perspectives for Bulgarian agriculture and rural areas in the context of the CAP 2021 – 2027 and the EU Recovery Plan”, developed by a team led by associate professor Dr. B. Ivanov, IAI, Agricultural Academy – Sofia in 2021 – 2022. The research is based on the methodology developed for the purposes of the above-mentioned project, using the relevant algorithm, and the main applied methods are comparative assessment, probabilistic study with covariances, descriptive analysis, indicator method, expert assessment and statistical methods for determining trends (Ivanov et al., 2023). When developing the forecast scenarios, to track the possible consequences and effects of assuming different options for the development of OF in our country, two groups of indicators have been used – result and derivative ones. The average scenario score was used as an indicator of how likely the different scenarios were to occur. The specific scenarios and the average scores are determined within limits, according to the standard error and confidence interval according to the methodology of the above-mentioned project. Although the overall probability of the proposed three scenarios (pessimistic, normal and optimistic), measured by the probability coefficient, is unsatisfactory – 0.43, as well as the average scores for the pessimistic and moderate scenarios, the average score for the optimistic scenario is considered satisfactory. From the presented assumptions, estimates and probability scenarios, it can be concluded that the assumed changes in the indicators for the development of organic agriculture lead to relatively close probabilities for the occurrence of the optimistic and moderate scenarios. However, the optimistic scenario has the highest percentage – 18%, followed by the moderate scenario – 16%. I.e. the probability that organic agriculture will develop by 2027 according to the optimistic scenario is the highest. The realization of such a scenario by 2027 would be positive for Bulgarian agriculture in general and for OF in particular. This coincides with the trends that have been noticed recently – there is an increased interest of society in consuming organic products; at the same time, a number of EC- documents set goals for increasing the areas managed by organic farming methods. The increased public interest and concern for the protection of the environment and the health of people and animals has provoked a number of measures in both EU and national policy related to the support of the sector of OF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing demographic crisis in Bulgaria (permanent depopulation, constant reduction and deterioration of the age structure of the rural population, etc.) increasingly encourages policies to strengthen the social, ecological, economic, and managerial sustainability of rural areas. The aim of this study is to forecast the socio-demographic trends of rural areas in Bulgaria for 2027. Based on a developed linear scenario model, the sensitivity of selected indicators is identified under certain assumptions of changes in the independent variables. The suggested optimistic scenarios for the selected indicators have the highest rating, which means that certain favorable changes in demographic and socio-economic aspects should be expected in rural areas. One of the lowest ratings is for the pessimistic scenario of the index by place of residence, which indicates an expectation for a moderate preservation of the existing trend of population reduction. The forecast is that at the end of 2027, child mortality will decrease, due to the continuation of the tendency to decrease the average age of the mother at the birth of a child, an increase in the birth rate and fertility among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

В статье рассматривается сценарий рекламного видеоролика как предмет прагмалингвистического анализа. В ходе исследования было раскрыто понятие рекламного видеоролика, выделены его основные виды и этапы создания. Цель статьи заключается в рассмотрении сценария как предмета прагмалингвистического анализа и важного этапа в создании рекламного сообщения. Авторы статьи отмечают, что видеоролик представляет собой совокупность вербального, визуального и звукового компонентов и является эффективным средством воздействия на получателя рекламного сообщения. Сценаристы как авторы будущего рекламного видеоролика грамотно используют разные способы подачи рекламной информации и прагматические приемы для получения желаемого результата. В качестве наглядного примера был разобран рекламный видеоролик туши для ресниц «Lash Sensational Sky High» от Maybelline New York.

В настоящей статье на материале конкретной экспертной ситуации рассматривается проведение автороведческой экспертизы сценариев реалити-квестов. Задача, которая была поставлена перед экспертом, связана с определением признаков копирования и переработки одного текста другим. Для решения этой задачи используется жанровый подход: дается описание основных структурных компонентов сценария квеста, особенностей языка текстов этого жанра. Экспертиза проводится в соответствии с принятыми в автороведении этапами и включает раздельное исследование текстов, сравнительное исследование и оценку результатов и формулирование выводов. В результате проведенного исследования устанавливается, что автороведческая экспертиза сценариев реалити-квестов, связанная с решением задачи определения признаков копирования и переработки, по методике проведения и анализируемым признакам сближается с экспертизой товарных знаков, поскольку также направлена на установление сходства или различия структурных и отдельных семантических компонентов.

Purpоse. The article is devoted to the description and study of conceptual features of comic exaggeration of the image by means of its endogenous and exogenous characteristics. Mеthоdоlоgy. Thе mеthоd оf idеntifying cоmic cоncеptual fеaturеs оutlinеd thе cоrpus оf thе fоllоwing rеsеarch mеthоds, i.e. mеthоds оf synthеsis and dеscriptiоn, systеmatizatiоn and classificatiоn, as wеll as linguоculturоlоgical and cоgnitivе analysis оf thе matеrial. Rеsults. Basеd оn thе analysis, it was еstablishеd that thе cоncеptual features оf thе hypеrbоlizatiоn оf Amеrican humоr arе оbjеctifiеd thrоugh languagе units оr stylistic mеans оf actualizing hypеrbоlе. Thе dеgrее оf hypеrbоlizatiоn оf Amеrican humоr is rеvеalеd within thе framеwоrk оf a schеmе rеflеcting thе cоntrast оf еndоgеnоus and еxоgеnоus charactеristics оf cоmic imagеs. Cоmic cоncеptual fеaturеs, thus updatеd thrоugh cоntеxtual еxоgеnоus statusеs, оbjеctify such cоncеpts as “pоwеr,” “ability”, “fооd”, “status”, “dеath”, “cry”, “madnеss”. Thеsе cоncеpts arе alsо markеrs оf natiоnal humоr. Practical implicatiоns. Thе rеsults оf this study can bе usеd in thеоrеtical cоursеs оn linguistic studiеs, gеnеral linguistics, cоgnitivе linguistics, as wеll as in practical classеs оn intеrprеtatiоn and translatiоn, analytical rеading.

As part of the current carbon intensity assessment and foresight of the prospects for the decarbonization of the Ukrainian industry, the most carbon-intensive (initially creating a significant carbon footprint) and carbon-vulnerable (showing the highest growth rates of carbon intensity over time) industrial sectors were identified. It is substantiated that the processing industry, agriculture, transport and energy, which have both of the above negative characteristics, are of the greatest competitive importance for Ukrainian GDP and are the most promising sectors for priority development. It is defined that for the period 1990-2020 the carbon intensity of Ukrainian GDP exceeds the global and European average levels, despite certain favorable trends in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. As of 2022 the carbon footprint of the Ukrainian industry does not exceed the established quota. However, if current trends continue, it may be exhausted by 2040. At the same time, slow progress in the decarbonization of the Ukrainian energy sector, downward dynamics of the value added in industry, a weak motivating role of environmental taxes and low investment activity of industry do not provide favorable prerequisites for effective decarbonization and digitalization of the industrial complex. The established positive trends in the reduction of carbon intensity are due to destructive phenomena in the long term (deindustrialization of the economy and economic stagnation due to the pandemic) and are temporary in nature, while maintaining the risks of increasing greenhouse gas emissions to pre-crisis levels in case of maintaining the current technological order. According to the basic scenario of the decarbonization of the Ukrainian industry (preservation of current trends and phenomena), an exhaustion of the national quota for greenhouse gas emissions by 2040, further deindustrialization of the economy, an increase in technological gaps with the developed countries of the world and an aggravate in the competitive vulnerability of national exporters are expected. The optimistic scenario assumes successful decarbonization and digitalization of the technological structure of the industrial complex. Its implementation ensures the achievement of "carbon neutrality" of the economy in 2060 and the achievement of other target indicators and qualitative changes planned in the official state strategies for environmental policy and economic development for 2030. However, it requires a significant increase in innovative activity - at the level of results of low-carbon EU-27 leaders, which has taken on heightened commitments to achieve "carbon neutrality". The key condition for the implementation of the optimistic scenario is the participation of Ukraine in international projects to prevent climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of System Research & Information Technologies / Sistemnì Doslìdžennâ ta Ìnformacìjnì Tehnologìï is the property of Institute for the Applied System Analysis at the NTUU KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper considers the task of capturing controlled by a researcher stereo visualization of a complex dynamic virtual scene into a stereopair videosequence (stereoclip) of ultrahigh resolution. An efficient technology of deferred synthesis of stereoclips is proposed. It allows to create stereoclips without violating a real-time visualization. The technology includes real-time constructing of scenario of visualization process and offline-transforming the scenario to stereoclip. In the paper methods to realize these stages are considered for the task of stereovisualization of saturation isosurface of displacing liquid. For this, original file format «scr» of visualization scenario is developed, based on «chunk» data structures. The format developed provides a compact representation of neighboring repeated frames. Transforming scenario file to a sequence of 4K-stereopairs is carried out by means of an offscreen rendering of virtual scene, and adding stereopairs to a stereoclip is performed using a number of open-source FFmpeg libraries designed for processing digital video content. For video recording media container MP4 and video compressing standard H.264 are used. Proposed technologies and methods of 4K-stereoclips deferred synthesis are implemented in a program complex for visualization of simulation results of unstable oil displacement from porous media. By means of the program complex a 4K-stereoclip is created, which illustrates the evolution of the isosurface during the process of unstable oil displacement. The approbation results confirmed the adequacy of the proposed solution to the task. Developed solutions can be used in virtual laboratories, in constructing of virtual environment systems and scientific visualization systems, in educational applications etc.

Проведение исследований качества жизни молодежи и влияния на нее такого существенного фактора, как молодежный рынок труда, а также связанных с этими исследованиями проблем государственной поддержки молодежи, требуют использования методов имитационного моделирования в связи с неполнотой информации и слабоструктурированностью проблем таких сложных систем, как качество жизни молодежи и рынок труда. Дан краткий обзор категорий “рынок труда”, “качество жизни”, “молодежь”, необходимый для определения содержания когнитивного моделирования сложной системы “молодежь, рынок труда, качество жизни”. Кратко представлена технология когнитивного моделирования. Приведены результаты применения когнитивного имитационного моделирования к изучению качества жизни молодежи во взаимосвязи с рынком труда. Пример моделирования подан в виде соответствующей когнитивной карты и ряда сценариев возможного развития ситуаций на ней, которые могут возникнуть под предполагаемым воздействием различных социальных и экономических факторов, а также под воздействием регулирующих и управляющих систем.

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The main accents of adaptation of the economic mathematical tools of long-term forecasting for solving the strategic planning problems and the adequate accounting of institutional conditions are defined through the systematization of researches conducted by the leading institutes of the RAS. The state strategic planning and management problems are analyses in article. A feature of the present stage is the plurality of methodologies for the development of documents and tools for coordinating the interests of participants, lack of different levels documents continuity, the coordination procedures duration. New subjects to strategic planning have appeared - the multiregional and diversified megaprojects directed to formation of a new infrastructure and industrial basis in Russia, exploitation of natural resources of the Arctic and the East of Russia. Megaprojects have nationwide value, high cost and a significant amount of participants, but aren't built into the existing three-level structure of management. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main directions of methodical approaches and tools for solving the problems of strategic planning and management transformation, to prove the expediency of institutional changes. It is offered to allocate the meso-level in the hierarchical structure of the state strategic planning, where the forecasts and national development strategies for branches and macroregions will be transformed into a set of complex megaprojects with the identification of participants - business communities of investment projects. At the meso-level, it is necessary to create the centers for strategic development of resource megaprojects with the direct participation of business communities

Голант Наталия. Элементы политической сатиры в сценариях весеннего карнавала в румынском Банате. Данная статья основана отчасти на полевых материалах автора, собранных во время поездки по населенным пунктам румынского Баната весной 2005 г. (поездка была осуществлена совместно с румынским этнологом Отилией Хедешан, которая ныне является проректором университета Тимишоары), а также на материалах, обнаруженных в сети Интернет. В статье анализируются главным образом события фашанка в г. Молдова-Ноуэ и коммуне Вэлюг (округ Караш-Северин). Ключевые слова: карнавал, фашанк, персонаж, сценарий, Банат Golant Natalia. The Elements of Political Satire in the Spring Carnival Performances of Romanian Banat. In Romanian territory the tradition of spring carnival festivities has relatively limited distribution. The word faşanc (also faşang, fărşanc, farşang) meaning “carnival” is the most frequently used by the inhabitants of the Highland Banat, namely of the Caraș-Severin County in the extreme South-West of Romania and understood by residents of entire Romanian Banat as well as the Romanian population of the Serbian Banat. Being a practice with limited geographical distribution in Romanian traditional culture, the faşanc at the same time forms the continuity between traditional Western Europe cultures, in particular of the Catholic Europe. The existence of this practice among Banat Romanians is one of consequences of complex cross-cultural, cross-confessional and interethnic relations in the region. In recent years in different settlements of Romanian Banat the carnival performances mock and put on stage in satirical way the main negative, ridiculous, abnormal and shocking events that occurred in the given community as well as in country or in the world. These events can be local scandals, plots of popular television serials, and political actions. This article is partly based on the author’s fieldwork materials gathered during her trip to the settlements of Romanian Banat in spring of 2005. The trip was made together with Romanian ethnologist Otilia Hedeşan, today the prorector of the Timisoara University. The author also used the last years’ photographic and video-materials found in Internet. The article focuses on the spring carnival festivities in the town of Moldova-Nouă and the community of Văliug in the Caraș-Severin County. The emphasis is made on examination of carnival topics and personages related in some way to political life of Romania, including the subjects inspired by corruption scandals in 2013–2014. Key words: carnival, faşanc, personage, performance, Banat.

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What are the future global systems developments? It remains one the biggest unknown, especially in terms of energy, as it is globally considered as both cause and solution for multiple problems of the humanity. Therefore, nowadays a number of experts are exploring driving forces, critical uncertainties and unknowns that have an influence on future energy systems development. This article aims at providing a brief investigation of existing world energy scenarios that cover the range of plausible outcomes of future global energy system development. Those are represented by International Energy Agency, World Energy Council, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, and others. The analysis covers both qualitative and quantitative indicators of the world energy system development that provide for future worldview formation. The article looks into various approaches to energy system development forecasting and scenario building employed by the abovementioned organisations, and discovers the motives for making assumptions as the means of attaining internal targets and the consequences of the distinction of individual attitude to the development trends within the expert community. The current assessment implies grouping of the most advanced of the existing energy system development models, identification their advantages and disadvantages, and shows differences in modeling approaches used in a number of specialized international organisations.

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Создание масштабных или узкоспециализированых проектов в среде AutoCAD занимает много времени. Для сокращения времени проектирования и добавления функционала используются различные методы автоматизации проектирования. Большинство из них, кроме знаний команд и интерфейса среды AutoCAD, требуют навыков программирования. В данной работе рассмотрены методы автоматизации проектирования для области холодильной техники, которые требуют только знаний работы в среде AutoCAD. Проанализирован каждый из методов, приведены примеры их использования и применения. Указаны достоинства и недостатки.

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Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the topic of the formation of speech image, it treats the importance of speech impact on the image-making component.

The paper presents the issue of teaching Business Russian to Polish students with regard to the aspects of communication and pragmatics. In business communication, the activity (business) is considered a topic, and the communication partner is always a personality being important for another part. Teaching communication in business activity is impossible without the pragmatics, which shows how to run business correctly and to take part in real business communication from the point of social role-playing. Such strategies and tactics afford to achieve the desired effect. The aforementioned is shown on the basis of a role-play Job application.

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the basic features of climate change in Ukraine at 20th-21st centuries and to obtain an estimation of possible regional ecological consequences under influence of global warming. Methods: The empirical constants of the constructed semi-empirical models were estimated on the basis of the statistical analysis of materials of meteorological observations on meteorological stations of Ukraine for the XX century - beginning of XXІ century. The obtained results can be used to construct scenarios of the possible climate change in Ukraine at global warming in the near future. Results: The climatic conditions of Ukraine have definitely reacted to global warming (the annual temperature increased by 0.6±0.2 оС/100 years and insignificant increase of the annual sums of precipitations (5-7% for 100 years)). The features of transformation of seasonal course of climatic fields of Ukraine of the temperature and atmospheric precipitations considered also. Taking into account global features of climate change are offered regional climate scenarios (temperature and precipitation) in Ukraine for the 2050. Discussion: The analysis of the basic ecological consequences of global warming, which already happened or can be in the nearest future in Ukraine is carried out: increasing level of the Black sea and Sea of Azov; the spatiotemporal transformation of steppe phytosystem structure; changes in Northern Sea of Azov maritime spits ecosystems; excitation of catastrophic events in Ukraine, desertification process development in southern and southeast regions of Ukraine, climate change impacts on agriculture, aspects of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Naukovi visti NTUU - KPI is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)