1. ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ АГРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ОРОШАЕМОГО СЕРОЗЕМА ПУТЕМ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ФОСФОРНЫХ МЕДЛЕННОДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ Институт общей и неорганической химии
- Author
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МЯЧИНА, О. В., КИМ, Р. Н., МАМАСАЛИЕВА, Л. Э., ПУЛАТОВ, Б. А., НАРЗУЛЛАЕВ, О. С., РАХМОНОВ, А. Х., and БУРИЕВА, С. А.
- Abstract
Background. At present, in chemical and agricultural science, the concept of using specialized fertilizers designed for specific climatic conditions and crops is being developed, with the aim of: 1. applying the best form of fertilization (Right Source); 2. in the optimal dose (Right Rate); 3. in the required time frame (Right Time); 4. in the most appropriate way (Right Place). Taking into account the 4R-strategy, scientists of the Institute of National Economy and Development of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan are developing single and complex fertilizers intended for irrigated agriculture in sierozem conditions, taking into account the high biological activity of soils and the accelerated transformation of nutrient NPK elements. Prolonged fertilizers provide a slower and more gradual release of nutrients into the soil solution, which reduces the rate of circulation of macronutrients, minimizing their losses and increasing the utilization rate. Purpose: Determination and comparison of the agrochemical efficiency of new prolonged phosphorus single and complex fertilizers, their effect on the growth, development and yield of cotton, as well as the dynamics of the content of humus, mobile and gross forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in irrigated typical gray soil. Methodology: The selection and analysis of soil samples was carried out from the arable horizon during the periods of the main phenological phases of the development of cotton plants. Harvesting, phenological observations, descriptions and counts in the experiments were carried out in accordance with the methods of NIISSiAVKh. The content of total and available nitrogen N total was studied in the soil; NH4 + and NO3-; P total and P2O5; carbon (humus). Statistical and correlation analysis was carried out using STATISTICA.10 and Excel (Data Analysis package). Originality. For the first time, the influence of new slow-dissolving single and complex phosphorus fertilizers on the development of plants and the yield of cotton, as well as the content of gross and mobile forms of macroelements in dynamics by the phases of plant development has been shown, relationships and dependences of the agrochemical regime of the soil and indicators of plant productivity have been revealed. Findings. It was found that the use of slow-dissolving single and complex phosphorus fertilizers, due to the altered properties of the granules, reduces the intensity of mineralization of N- and P-compounds, optimizing nutrition and accelerating the development of plant organs (by 7.4 and 3.7%), which is expressed in the formation a greater number of fruit elements and, accordingly, an increase in yield (by 14.4 and 16.3% compared to the control). The slow-acting properties of fertilizers make it possible to provide plants with adequate nutrition without excess and, accordingly, without loss of macronutrients, and to achieve a positive balance in nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil with an increase in yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021