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Selenium with antioxidant properties has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants, although its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nano-selenium on some physiological and biochemical properties of Vasha, in a completely randomized experiment. Selenium was applied in nutrient solution as sodium selenate (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg L–1 concentrations) and as nanoselenium (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg L–1 concentrations). Results showed that application of both bulk and nano-Se treatments significantly increased plant growth parameters, i.e. root and shoot lengths and fresh and dry weights as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments, total flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins, and carbohydrate contents under 2.5 mg L–1 and 10 mg L–1 of selenium and nano-selenium, respectively. In addition, these concentrations were associated with a significant increase in plant antioxidant activity. Moreover, all treatments reduced malondialdehyde contents of the plants under study. The maximum increase in chlorophyll a was observed in the treatment with10 mg L-1 nano-Se, which decreased with increasing selenium concentration compared to the control treatment. The results also showed that the positive effects of selenium on the growth and increasing phenolic compounds depend on the type and concentration of selenium application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pomegranate is one of the important and an oldest fruit that is grown in vast regions. In recent years pomegranate juice is became a popular beverage. This study was carried out to investigate the mineral elements and some biochemical properties of juice in eight local Iranian pomegranate cultivars. The results showed a significant difference in the studied traits in all cultivars. The potassium content in pomegranate juice was higher than other elements, followed by calcium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper. Potassium, calcium and iron was found the highest in 'Golabi', meanwhile the highest amount of magnesium and sodium measured in 'Sorahi' cultivars. 'Aliakbari' had the highest amount of manganese and zinc and 'Lopsorkhi' and 'Mirzaei' had the highest value of phosphorus and copper, respectively. The lowest amount of potassium and iron was observed in 'Lopsorkhi' and 'Aliakbari' cultivars, respectively. For other elements, 'Gar' had the lowest concentration. In terms of biochemical properties such as total soluble solids (TSS), maturity index (MI) and acidity (pH) of juice, 'Golabi, Lopsorkhi and Sorahi' cultivars had the highest value. 'Sorahi' and 'Aliakbari' cultivars with the highest amount of titrable acid were sour and suitable for industries pomegranate production, which require sour taste. Other cultivars were introduced due to the proper amounts of mineral elements and sweet and sour taste for fresh consumption and pomegranate juice production industry. The two-dimensional graph, based on the principal components analysis, confirmed the results of grouping the cultivars based on the comparison of the mean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

شوری آب آبیاری در بسیاری از نقاط جهان به عنوان عامل محدود کننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان به شمار می‌آید. گونه‌های مختلف مریم گلی دارای خواص متعدد دارویی و درمانی هستند. به‌ منظور ارزیابی اثر تنش شوری بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه مریم گلی مزرعه‌روی (Salvia nemorosa L.)، آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 4 تیمار شوری شامل شاهد (12 میلی‌مولار)، 50، 75 و 100 میلی‌مولار محلول کلرید سدیم و در 5 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات سازمان پارک‌ها و فضای سبز شهر اصفهان در سال 1397 انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد شوری تأثیر معنی‌داری بر ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد برگ، طول و عرض برگ، طول گل‌آذین، تعداد گل‌آذین در هر بوته، تعداد گل در هر گل‌آذین، تعداد بذر در گل‌آذین، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل دارد. صفات مذکور در سطح شوری100 میلی‌مولار به ترتیب 20.56، 68.95، 54.41، 27.97، 9.19، 82.85، 41.45، 62.31، 60.47، 53.84، 23.13، 34.09، 66.66، 62.5 و 64.7 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش نشان دادند. شوری بر میزان پرولین و فنول کل نیز تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت و میزان پرولین و فنول کل در تیمار100میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌ترتیب 62.5 و 96.17 درصد افزایش نشان داد. با توجه به این‌که اعمال شوری بالاتر از 50 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار وزن تر و خشک ریشه و وزن خشک اندام هوایی گردید و علائم زردی و سوختگی در نمونه‌های گیاهی مشاهده شد، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که گیاه مریم گلی مزرعه‌روی سطوح شوری تا 50 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم را می‌تواند تحمل کند و نسبت به سطوح بالاتر شوری حساسیت نشان می‌دهد.